土木工程的发展现状与未来发展趋势

土木工程的发展现状与未来发展趋势

The present situation and the future development tendency of the

development of civil engineering

土木工程学院土木9班李佳祥

[摘要]现代土木工程发展现状可以从以下几个方面论述：土木工程材料，功能要求多样化，城市建设立体化，交通工程快速化，工程设施大型化，随着科技的迅猛发展，土木也面临着各种挑战与机遇，因此，为了跟上时代的步伐，土木工程未来发展趋势也将从几个方面进行：重大工程项目奖陆续兴起；土木工程将向太空、海洋、荒漠开拓；工程材料向轻质，高强，多功能化发展；设计方法精确化，设计工作自动化；信息和智能化技术全面引入土木工程，还有土木工程的可持续发展等等。[abstract] the current situation of the development of modern civil engineering can be discussed from the following aspects: civil engineering materials, functional requirement diversification, three-dimensional urban construction, traffic engineering, rapidness, large-scale engineering facilities, with the rapid development of science and technology, civil is faced with various challenges and opportunities, therefore, in order to keep up with the pace of The Times, the future development trend of civil engineering, will from several aspects: major engineering project prize gradually rise; Civil engineering will be into space, sea, desert development; Engineering materials to lightweight, high strength,

multi-functional development; Design method of high-precision, automated design work; Information and intelligent technology comprehensive introduction of civil engineering, and the sustainable development of civil engineering and so on.

[关键词]土木工程材料发展趋势多功能可持续发展智能化立体化[key words] development trend of civil engineering materials Multi-functional intelligent three-dimensional sustainable development

一、目前土木工程的发展现状First, the present situation of civil

engineering

1、在土木工程材料方面，从早期使用的砖、瓦、砂、石、灰、木材到近代使用钢材，水泥，混凝土，直到现代的高强度混凝土（高强度就是增加混凝土的密实性，最常用的方法就是用极细的活性颗粒渗入混凝土，使它们在水泥浆中的细微孔隙中水化，减少和填充混凝土的毛细孔，达到增密和增强的作用。）、高性能混凝土（超高的强度、低渗透性、良好的结构性能、优越的耐久性、可观的经济效益、环保性，有关常规的混凝土物理，力学性能指标亦要根据不同的使用要求而有所提高或改善。）、纤维混凝土（在混凝土加入合成材料纤维丝成钢纤维，是由纤维和水泥基料，如水泥石，砂浆成混凝土，组合的复合材料的统称），纤维混凝土能增强塑性混凝土的抗拉能力，显著降低其塑性流动和收缩微裂纹。这种减少或消除塑性裂纹使混凝土获得其最佳的长期整体性。这些纤维呈各向均匀地分布于整个混凝土，使混凝土得到辅助的加强，以防止收缩裂缝。在随处都有纤维的混凝土中，亦可最大限度地减少在受力状态下混凝土可能出现裂缝的宽度和长度。In terms of civil engineering materials, from the early use of brick, tile, sand, stone, wood, ash and modern to use steel, cement, concrete, until the modern high strength concrete (high strength is to increase the compactness of concrete, the activity of the most commonly used method is to use very fine particles penetrate into concrete, and make them in tiny pore in the cement hydration, reduce the wool stoma and filling concrete, to increase and enhance the role of.) , high performance concrete (ultra high strength, low permeability, good structural performance, superior

durability, considerable economic benefit, environmental protection, the conventional concrete physical and mechanical performance index is also according to different application requirements and improve or improve.) , fiber reinforced concrete (synthetic fibers to produce fiber in concrete, is made up of fiber and cement binders, debris such as water, mortar into concrete, the combination of the composites is a general designation), fiber reinforced concrete can enhance plastic concrete tensile ability, significantly reduce the plastic flow and shrink tiny crack. To reduce or eliminate the plastic concrete cracks get the best long-term integrity. These fibers were to evenly distributed in the concrete, the concrete for the strengthening of auxiliary, in order to prevent shrinkage crack. In fiber concrete are everywhere, also can minimize the stress state of concrete may crack width and length.

绿色建材（绿色建材指在原料采取、产品制造、使用或者再循环以及废料处理等环节中对地球环境负荷最少和有利于人类健康的材料。绿色建材的基本特征是：建材生产尽量少用天然资源，大量使用尾矿、废渣、垃圾等废弃物；采用低能耗，无污染环境的生产技术。）其成果有以粉煤灰、空心砖、以磷石膏，脱硫石膏等等。Green building materials, green building materials in raw materials, product manufacture, use or recycling and waste disposal in the earth's environment load at least and material is conducive to human health. The basic characteristics of green building materials are: building materials production as far as possible use of natural resources, extensive use of tailings, slag, garbage and other wastes; with low energy consumption, pollution-free production technology environment.) The results with fly ash, hollow brick, with phosphogypsum, desulfurization gypsum, etc.