高中英语定语从句详解

高中英语定语从句详解

◆英语谚语欣赏

1. He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a good-for –nothing.

不懂装懂，一事无成.

2. It’s the first step that costs.千里之行，始于足下

3. He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf. 甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼.

Ⅰ. 概念：

(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。

先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。

(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。

关系词的作用：

1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；

2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）常用的关系代词: that、which、who、whom、whose,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。

常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when（时间状语）、why（原因

状语）、where（地点状语）

The student who answered the question was John.

I know the reason why he was so angry.

The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.

I'd like a room whose window faces the sea.

定语从句三步：

第一找出先行词；

第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语、表语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。

Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法：

●that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当

于who或whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如：1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语)

2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?

3. You can take anything ( that) you like. （宾语）

4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?

5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.

6. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.（表语）

7. Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be.

（= Our hometown is not the same as

it used to be.

= Our hometown is different from what it used to be。

= Our hometown is not what it used to be.）

●which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语。如：

1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语）

2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语）●who, whom, whose:

who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，只可指人

whom: 宾格，在从句中只能作宾语;

只可指人

whose: 表所属关系，在从句中作定语。译为：某人的，某物的

whose + 名词=the + n. + of which (某物的)

the + n. + of whom (某人的)

I like the students who/that work hard. （主语）

The boy (that/ who / whom ) we saw yesterday is Tom.

I know the girl whose father is a teacher.

(whose father = the father of whom) A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（指人）

(whose parents = the parents of whom)

I'd like a room whose window faces south. （指物）

(whose window =the window of which)

关系代词作介词宾语(在定语从句中，介词提前时，介词后：表人用whom；表物用which)

关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。关系代词who 和that 用作介词宾语时, 介词必须放在句末.）The man (whom / who / that ) my mother is talking with is Mr Black. = The man with whom my mother is talking is Mr Black.