2015年英语四级阅读模拟试题及答案解析(精品二)

2015年英语四级阅读模拟试题及答案（精品试卷二）Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A．,B．, C． and D．. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Fried foods have long been frowned upon. Nevertheless, the skillet (长柄平底煎锅) is about our handiest and most useful piece of kitchen equipment. Strong woodcutters and others engaged in active labor requiring 4,000calories per day or more will take approximately one-third of their rations prepared in this fashion. Meat, eggs, and French toast cooked in this way are served in millions of homes daily. Apparently the consumers are not beset with more signs of indigestion than afflicted by those who insist upon broiling, roasting, or boiling. Some years ago one of our most eminent physiologists investigated the digestibility of fried potatoes. He found that the pan variety was more easily broken down for assimilation than when deep fat was employed. The latter, however, dissolved within the alimentary tract ( 消化道 ) more readily than the boiled type. Furthermore, he learned, by watching the progress of the contents of the stomach by means of the fluoroscope (荧光检查仪), that fat actually accelerated the rate of digestion. Now all this is quite in contrast with "authority". Volumes have been written on nutrition, and everywhere the dictum ( 权威意见) has been accepted--no fried edibles of any sort for children. A few will go so tar as to forbid this style of cooking wholly. Now and then an expert will be bold enough to admit that he uses them himself, the absence of discomfort being explained on the ground that he possesses a powerful gastric ( 胃的 )apparatus. We can of course sizzle perfectly good articles to death so that they will be leathery and tough. But thorough heating, in the presence of shortening, is not the awful crime that it has been labeled. Such dishes stimulate rather than retard contractions of the gall bladder. Thus it is that bile ( 胆汁 ) mixes with the nutriment shortly after it leaves the stomach.We don't need to allow our foodstuffs to become oil soaked, but other than that, there seems to be no basis for the widely heralded prohibition against this method. But notions become fixed. The first condemnation probably rose because an "oracle" ( 圣贤) suffered from dyspepsia (消化不良) which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu. The theory spread. Others agreed with him, and after a time the doctrine became incorporated in our textbooks. The belief is now tradition rather than proved fact. It should have been refuted long since, as experience has demonstrated its falsity.56. This passage focuses on__________.A． why the skillet is a handy piece of kitchen equipmentB． the digestibility of fried foodsC． how the experts can mislead the public in the area of food preparation D． why fried foods have long been frowned upon57. People engaged in active labor eat fried foods because __________. A． they are healthfulB． they are much cheaperC． they can be easily digestedD． they can provide the calories the workers need58. The author implies that the public should__________.A． prepare some foods by fryingB． avoid fried foods if possibleC． fry foods for adults but not for childrenD． prepare all foods by frying59. When the author says that "an 'oracle' suffered from dyspepsia which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu" he is being__________. A． gratefulB． factualC． sarcasticD． humorous60. The passage was probably taken from__________.A． a medical journalB． a publication addressed to the general publicC． a speech at a medical conventionD． an advertisement for cooking oilPassage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.In the second half of the twentieth century, many countries of the South ( 发展中国家) began to send students to the industrialized countries for further education. They urgently needed supplies of highly trained personnel to implement a concept of development based on modernization.But many of these students decided to stay on in the developed countries when they had finished their training. At the same time, many professionals who did return home but no longer felt at ease there also decided to go back to the countries where they had studied.In the 1960s, some Latin American countries tried to solve this problem by setting up special "return" programs to encourage their professionals to come back home. These programs received support from international bodies such as the International Organization for Migration, which in 1974 enabled over 1,600 qualified scientistsand technicians to return to Latin America.In the 1980s and 1990s, "temporary return" programs were set up in order to make the best use of trained personnel occupying strategic positions in the developed countries. This gave rise to the United Nations Development Program's Transfer of Knowledge through Expatriate ( 移居国外的 ) Nationals, which encourages technicians and scientists to work in their own countries for short periods. But the brain drain (人才流失) fromthese countries may well increase in response to the new laws of the international market in knowledge.Recent studies forecast that the most developed countries are going to need more and more highly qualified professionals around twice as many as their educational systems will be able to produce, or so it is thought. As a result there is an urgent need for developing countries which send students abroad to give preference to fields where they need competent people to give muscle to their own institutions, instead of encouraging the training of people who may not come back because there are no professional outlets for them. And the countries of the South must not be content with institutional structures that simply take back professionals sent abroad, they must introduce flexible administrative procedures to encourage them to return. If they do not do this, the brain drain is bound to continue.61. Which of the following is NOT correct according to the passage? A． The developing countries believe that sending students to the industrialized countries is a good way to meet their own needs for modernization.B. The South American countries have been sending students to developed countries since the 1920s.C． Many people trained abroad remain in the developed countries instead of coming back to serve their home countries.D． The International Organization for Migration successfully helped more than 1,600 professionals to return to their own countries in a single year.62. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why the developing countries are losing their brain power?A． Many professionals did not feel comfortable in their home countries after they returned home.B． "Temporary return" programs encouraged professionals to work in their home countries for short periods.C． The new laws of the international market encourage knowledge transfer.D． The professionals from the developing countries have been trained in fields where they could not apply their knowledge to the best advantage in their home countries.63. In the author's opinion, the developing countries should __________. A． keep their present administrative procedures so as to ensure that their students return after graduationB． cooperate more effectively with international organizationsC． set up more return programs under the guidance of the UND． send students abroad in the fields where their knowledge is more likely to be made full use of in their own countries64. According to the passage, the problem of the developing countries will continue__________.A． as long as the developed countries need more qualified professionals than they can educate domesticallyB． as long as the developing countries are content with their present institutional structuresC． unless those countries stop sending large number of students to be trained abroadD． if theh governments fail to make administrative adjustments concerning the return procedures of their professionals65. The best title for the passage is__________.A． The Brain Drain of the Developing CountriesB． Knowledge TransferC． The Talents from the Developing CountriesD． The Failure of Development Programs【参考译文】很长时间以来，人们都不喜欢油炸食品。