英语成人高考复习被动语态和虚拟语气解读
被动语态 虚拟语气
【被动语态】(一)简介在英语中,语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语的关系。
英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态(active voice) 表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态(passive voice)表示主语是动作的承受者。
如: Saddam is being tried. 萨达姆正在接受审判。
The Iraqi government is trying Saddam. 伊拉克政府正在审判萨达姆。
More and more people use computers now.(主动语态)Computers are more and more widely used now.(被动语态) English is spoken all over the world. (被动语态)(二)英汉两种语言在表达被动方式上的差异汉语表达被动语态非常简单明了,用“被”“遭”“受”等词来表示,如“被捕”、“被杀”、“受到凌辱”等。
而英语表达被动的方式也不复杂,用“助动词be+动词的过去分词”表示。
其中助动词be有人称、数量和时态的变化,而这正是英语被动语态的难点。
(三)被动语态的构成被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
这里要强调一定是及物动词的过去分词,因为不及物动词不能带宾语,也就不可能有被动语态。
英语主动语态有16个时态;被动语态常用的有8个,以give 为例说明如下:时态动词形式一般现在时 Am/is/are given 一般过去时 Was/were given一般将来时 Shall/will be given 现在进行时 Am/is/are being given过去进行时 Was/were being given 过去完成时 Had been given过去将来时 Should/would be given现在完成时 Has/have been given 被动语态的疑问句是将第一个助动词移到主语之前、句末用问号;否定式是在第一个助动词后加not或never等否定词、句末用句号。
语法被动语态虚拟语气宾语从句等
语法被动语态虚拟语气宾语从句等语法中的被动语态、虚拟语气和宾语从句是英语学习中非常重要的知识点。
它们在句子中扮演着不同的角色,帮助我们表达出各种不同的语意。
在接下来的文章中,我们将详细探讨这些语法规则以及它们的正确使用方法。
被动语态(Passive Voice)被动语态是一种常用的句式,在英语中常用来强调动作的承受者而非执行者。
一般而言,被动语态的构成是由“be”动词的不同时态加上过去分词构成的。
例如:1. The book was written by John.(这本书是由约翰写的。
)2. The car will be repaired tomorrow.(这辆车明天将被修理。
)3. The cake has been eaten.(蛋糕已经被吃掉了。
)虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)虚拟语气是一种用来表达假设、建议、愿望、命令等意思的语气。
在虚拟语气中,动词的形式通常不是直接以其字面意义使用。
下面是几个常见的虚拟语气用法:1. 假设:If I were you, I would study harder.(如果我是你,我会更加努力学习。
)2. 建议:I suggest that he go to bed early.(我建议他早点上床睡觉。
)3. 愿望:I wish I could speak Spanish fluently.(我希望我能流利地说西班牙语。
)4. 命令:It's essential that you be on time for the meeting.(你准时参加会议是很重要的。
)宾语从句(Object Clauses)宾语从句是一个在主句中作为宾语的完整句子。
宾语从句通常以连接词引导,常见的连接词包括“that”、“whether”、“if”、“why”、“when”等。
以下是一些宾语从句的例子:1. She doesn't know if/whether he will come or not.(她不知道他是否会来。
语法专题7—被动语态和虚拟语气
Great changes have been taken place in China. (wrong) ---Great changes have taken place in China.( right)
使 役 动 词
感 观 动 词
II:有的动词没有被动语态结构。
1)不及物动词没有被动语态 一般来说,只有及物动词才有被动语态,因为只有及物动 词才有承受者。常见的不及物动词有:die, last(持续), rise, happen, sit, stand, lie, become, appear, 等等,所以你们平 时说:He was died 2 years ago. 是完全错误的。应该去掉 was. 2) 连系动词或者说是五觉动词没有被动语态 因为连系动词或者说是五觉动词属于不及物动词 如:look, sound, smell, feel, taste 这些动词 This apple is tasted nice. 是错误的。 正确的是:This apple tastes nice.
在学习被动语态中要注意的问题
在上面我们已经初步了解了被动语态的构成和主动变被动的方法。下面 我们接着学习在被动语态中要注意的问题。 I: 一些使役动词(let, have, make等)或感观动词(see, hear, watch, notice等) 在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to,但改为被动语态时,要 补上to。如: A. The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. ---The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss. B. I saw him enter the house. ---He was seen to enter the house (by me). C. The teacher let them leave the classroom after class. ---They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class. D. We hear her sing in the room every day. ---She is heard to sing in the room every day.
英语成考知识点总结
英语成考知识点总结一、语法部分时态:一般过去时:表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
一般将来时:表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
现在完成时:表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
定语从句:关系词的选择和非限制性定语从句的识别。
非限制性定语从句通常与修饰名词之间用逗号隔开,只能由which, who引导。
分词作状语:分词可以表示伴随的情况或方式,用作原因状语,或补充前面的内容。
虚拟语气:在if为首的条件状语中,表示与当前情况相反的假设和与过去情况相反的假设。
省略:在一些时间状语、条件状语或让步状语从句中,当主语和从句相同时,主语和从句的连接词可以一起省略。
二、词汇部分常用短语和固定搭配:如be absent from(缺席),abroad(国外),access(to)(能接近,进入,了解)等。
同义词、反义词和近义词:了解常见词汇的同义词、反义词和近义词,有助于丰富语言表达。
词性转换:动词、名词、形容词、副词之间的转换,以及它们的用法和搭配。
三、阅读理解理解主旨大意:能够迅速把握文章的中心思想。
细节理解:能够准确找到并理解文章中的具体信息。
推理判断:能够根据文章信息进行合理的推理和判断。
四、写作部分书信写作:掌握书信的格式和常用表达。
作文写作:能够清晰地表达自己的观点,合理使用句子结构和词汇。
这只是英语成人高考知识点的一部分,实际上还有更多的细节和知识点需要考生去学习和掌握。
建议考生根据考试大纲和历年真题进行有针对性的复习,同时注重提高自己的英语实际应用能力。
高考英语:写作中的高级表达+妙记11+用途各异的被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型
妙记11 用途各异的被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型等在书面表达中都属于高级句式,它们的合理运用都能给文章增色添彩。
一、用英文思维的被动语态英文中被动语态的使用比汉语更多、更普遍。
一般说来,当强调动作的承受者、不必说出动作的执行者或执行者不明确时,多用被动语态。
被动语态因为更突出客观事实而被广泛使用。
所以同学们在写作时也应该注意多用被动语态,以赢得更高的分数。
1.主动语态变被动语态①We can borrow at most five books at a time, and we can keep them for ten days.→At most five books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for ten days.②When we put some waste chemicals into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish.→When some waste chemicals are put into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish.2.写作中常见的被动语态(1)be+过去分词(be可使用各种时态)①The exhibition will be held from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm the day after tomorrow in the artgallery.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)展览将于后天上午9时至下午5时在美术馆举行。
②Nowadays, more and more English words are being used in the Chinese language.(2014·江苏高考书面表达)当今,越来越多的英语词汇正在汉语中使用。
高考虚拟语气用法归纳
高考虚拟语气用法归纳咱先来说说这虚拟语气啊,对于要高考的同学们来说,那可真是个有点头疼但又特别重要的知识点。
虚拟语气这玩意儿,简单来说,就是假设一些不太真实或者没发生的情况。
比如说,“要是我当时好好学习,现在就不会这么发愁了”,这就是一种虚拟语气的表达。
咱们先瞅瞅条件状语从句中的虚拟语气。
要是与现在事实相反,从句就得用“if +主语+动词过去式(be 动词用 were)”,主句呢,就得用“主语+ would/could/should/might +动词原形”。
就像有个同学跟我抱怨,说:“老师,要是我现在有超能力,一下子就能记住所有单词,那英语考试就不愁啦!”这就是假设了一个现在不可能有的情况。
再说说与过去事实相反的情况。
从句得是“if +主语+ had +过去分词”,主句就得变成“主语+ would/could/should/might + have +过去分词”。
我记得有一次,一个同学考完试后懊悔地说:“哎呀,要是我考试前多做几道数学题,这次就不会错那么多了!”这就是在后悔过去没做的事儿。
还有和将来事实相反的,从句可以是“if +主语+ were to +动词原形;if +主语+ should +动词原形”,主句依然是“主语+would/could/should/might +动词原形”。
想象一下,有同学说:“要是明天世界末日,今天我就啥也不学,尽情玩!”虽然这事儿不太可能,但就是这种假设的虚拟语气。
虚拟语气在宾语从句里也有讲究。
比如说,wish 后的宾语从句,与现在事实相反用一般过去时;与过去事实相反用过去完成时;与将来事实相反用 would/could +动词原形。
我曾经听到一个同学许愿说:“真希望我现在是个学霸,啥题都会做!”这就是典型的与现在事实相反的虚拟语气表达。
还有在主语从句中,“It is +形容词(或过去分词)+that”结构中,如果形容词或过去分词表示“建议、要求、命令”等,从句的谓语动词要用“should +动词原形”,should 可以省略。
成人学位英语 时态语态虚拟考点
时态,语态,虚拟,倒装考点① while---- 现在进行式或者过去进行式.② since, for , yet, already, long, so far,up to now---现在完成式,要注意since 和for的区别。
③ by---- 一般将来式或者将来完成式,优先将来完成式.④ usually, never, always, often一般现在式⑤还要注意过去完成式,表示动作发生在过去的过去.⑥ if ,when条件状语从句和时间状语从句遵循“主将从现”的原则。
时态表:建议掌握连系动词:be I am a teacher存在类: appear,prove,remain,keep,stay,continue,stand;感观类: look,feel,smell,taste,seem,sound;变化类: become,come,turn,grow,go,run, get,fall;.如:①the model remains undamage主语系动词表语②she looks beautiful主语系动词表语③our motherland becomes strong主语系动词表语1、Be动词和连系动词无被动语态。
①She is a teacher②-Do you like the material?-Yes, it feels very soft. It is felt very soft (错误)③ she looks beautiful she is looked beautiful④Good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。
2、建议掌握不及物动词。
read, write, translate, act, add, wash, wear, cook, lock, sell, tear, cut, burn, strike, last,等这些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。
高考英语中虚拟语气的用法和注意点是什么
高考英语中虚拟语气的用法和注意点是什么在高考英语中,虚拟语气是一个重要的语法点,也是让许多同学感到头疼的部分。
虚拟语气用于表达与事实相反、假设、愿望、建议等情况,它的用法多样,且有不少需要注意的地方。
接下来,咱们就详细地探讨一下高考英语中虚拟语气的用法和注意点。
一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法1、与现在事实相反条件从句用一般过去时(be 动词用 were),主句用“would / could / should / might +动词原形”。
例如:If I were you, I would take the job (如果我是你,我会接受这份工作。
)2、与过去事实相反条件从句用过去完成时,主句用“would / could / should / might + have +过去分词”。
比如:If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam (如果你学习更努力些,你就会通过考试了。
)3、与将来事实相反条件从句有三种形式:① should +动词原形;② were to +动词原形;③一般过去时。
主句用“wou ld / could / should / might +动词原形”。
举个例子:If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home (要是明天下雨,我们就待在家里。
)二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1、 wish 后的宾语从句表示与现在事实相反,用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反,用过去完成时;表示与将来事实相反,用“would / could +动词原形”。
例如:I wish I were as tall as you (我希望我和你一样高。
)2、表示“建议、要求、命令”等动词后的宾语从句这类动词有suggest(建议)、advise(建议)、insist(坚持要求)、order(命令)、demand(要求)等,从句谓语用“should +动词原形”,should 可以省略。
高考英语知识点解析被动语态的构成与用法
高考英语知识点解析被动语态的构成与用法高考英语知识点解析:被动语态的构成与用法在高考英语中,被动语态是一个重要的语法知识点,掌握其构成与用法对于我们正确理解和运用英语语言至关重要。
下面就让我们一起来详细了解一下被动语态。
一、被动语态的构成被动语态的构成通常由“be 动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
其中,be 动词的形式根据时态的不同而变化,过去分词则保持不变。
1、一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are +过去分词例如:The book is read by many people(这本书被很多人读。
)2、一般过去时的被动语态:was/were +过去分词例如:The house was built last year(这座房子是去年建的。
)3、一般将来时的被动语态:will be +过去分词或 be going to be +过去分词例如:The meeting will be held tomorrow (会议将在明天举行。
)The sports meeting is going to be held next week (运动会将在下周举行。
)4、现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are + being +过去分词例如:The problem is being discussed now (这个问题正在被讨论。
)5、过去进行时的被动语态:was/were + being +过去分词例如:The bridge was being repaired at that time (那时桥正在被修。
)6、现在完成时的被动语态:have/has been +过去分词例如:The work has been finished (工作已经完成了。
)7、过去完成时的被动语态:had been +过去分词例如:The task had been completed before I arrived (在我到达之前任务已经完成了。
虚拟语气,被动语态详解
虚拟语气,被动语态详解1 语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2 语气的种类⑴、陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如:①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。
②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗?③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊!⑵、祈使语气:表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
如:①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。
②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。
⑶、虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
如:①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。
②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。
③May you succeed!祝您成功!虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。
让我们就从最简单的开始吧。
第二部分:简单句中的虚拟语气一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气,常用于日常会话中。
如:⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗?⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。
二、表祝愿。
1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿,但愿,此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。
⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运!⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐!⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就!⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
英语被动语态+虚拟语气
英语被动语态+虚拟语⽓英语被动语态动词的被动语态⼀般⽤于强调受者,做题时谓语动词后通常不再有名词或宾语。
动词的被动语态⼀般不单独考,⽽是和时态、语⽓和⾮谓语动词⼀起考,需要注意以下考点。
考点⼀:不能⽤于被动语态的动词和词组come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong to, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed.It took place before liberation.考点⼆:下列动词的主动语态表⽰被动意义,⽽且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连⽤:lock, wash, sell, read, wear, blame, ride , writeGlass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。
The car rides smoothly. 这车⾛起来很稳。
The case locks easily. 这箱⼦很好锁。
The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。
注意: 被动语态句⼦仍然有各种时态变化。
由于构成被动语态的⾏为动词变成了动词-ed形式,所以被动语态句⼦的时态都要体现在助动词be上。
1. be + done2. may/can/must + be done3. be being + done4. have been done使⽤被动语态应注意下⾯⼏点:1. 短语动词的被动语态,要保持短语动词的完整性,动词后⾯的介词或副词切记不可遗漏。
如:put on, put up, take care of, call on, depend on, make use of, pay attention to, etc.eg: These books must be taken good care of.The children were well looked after.2. 带双宾语的动词( give, send, take, bring, teach, tell, offer, sing, promise, make, write, ask, lend, show, pay等)的被动语态:将其中⼀个宾语变成主语,另⼀个宾语作为保留宾语,或变为介词宾语,作状语。
成人高考高起点英语被动语态的用法
成人高考高起点英语被动语态的用法2017成人高考高起点英语被动语态的用法要想在成考高起点的英语考试中发挥的更加出色,首先还得复习好相应的复习资料。
下面店铺为大家整理的成人高考高起点英语被动语态的用法,希望大家喜欢。
成人高考高起点英语被动语态的用法A.适合被动语态的条件1)不知道或无需说出谁是动作的执行者是谁时。
例如:The desk is made of wood.这个桌子是木头做的2)需要突出或强调动作的承受者时。
例如:A new library will be built in this small town.这个小镇将兴建一个新图书馆B.有两个宾语的句子的被动语态主动语态里有两个宾语时,句子会有两种被动语态的变化形式,当其中一个宾语作为被动语态的主语时,剩下的一个宾语保留在被动语态句子中的谓语后面,称为保留宾语。
例如:主动: The teacher told the students a funny story.主语间接宾语直接宾语被动1: The students were told a funny story (by the teacher).(间宾)主语谓语保留宾语被动2:A funny story was told (to) the students (by the teacher)(直宾)主语谓语保留宾语C.含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态含有宾语补足语的主动语态的句子变为被动语态时,补足语的位置不变,但身份发生了变化,不再是宾补而变成了主补,宾补和主补的关系是同一个句子成分在不同语态中的不同身份。
例如:主动:We call him Xiao Li.主谓宾宾补被动:He is called Xiao Li.主谓主补D.由情态动词构成的被动语态被动语态中一旦出现情态动词则不再有时态的变化,只有一种形式了。
例如:Water can be(永远是原形) changed into ice.. 主语情态动词谓语状语E.被动语态和过去分词做表语的系表结构之间的区别:“be + 过去分词”可以是系表结构也可以是被动语态,两者的.区别主要通过逻辑关系的差别体现。
2025届高考英语语法复习虚拟语气知识讲解讲义
高考英语语法复习虚拟语气知识讲解一、基础知识(一)什么是虚拟语气谓语动词的作用不仅可以表示动作的时间、状态、假设(情感),也是一种语气(mood)的表现形式,表明说话的目的和意图。
(语气包含陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气)虚拟语气用于表示假设、愿望、建议、命令等非真实或虚拟的情况,即与真实相反。
上学的时候老师经常举的一个例子,"If I were you"因为我不可能是你,这是一种不可能存在的事实,所以这是个虚拟语句。
总而言之英语中的虚拟语气可以分为两大体系:一是表示与事实相反的,或者是假象的情形,通常由if引导,叫做虚拟条件句;另一个体系是在名词从句中使用虚拟语气,表示建议,命令或者要求等语气,类似于上述美剧常用的台词。
(二)虚拟语气的用法这一部分我们主要用虚拟语气在条件句中的用法作为讲解不同情况条件从句谓语主句谓语使用场景与过去事实相反If+主语+haddone主语+should/would/could/might+have done既然是过去了,那么谈到的一切情况都已既成事实,所以过去虚拟表达的是一个与过去事实相反的情形与现在事实相反If+主语+did(be动词用were)主语+should/would/could/might+do既可能是事实,也可能是假设条件。
因此,假设条件句和事实相反句适用于谈现在的情况与将来事实相反If+主语+ did(be动词用were)If+主语+ wereto + doIf+主语+should+ do主语+should/would/could/might+do对于将来时间的虚拟不可能以事实为基础,而只能是表达说话人的一个设想或愿望。
所以,对于将来的虚拟只适用于假设条件句,而不可能表达一个与事实相反的虚拟与现在事实相反:If I had a map, I would lend it to you.如果我有地图我就借给你。
(但我没有)与将来事实相反:If I were to do the job, I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这工作,我会是另一种做法。
高考英语:写作中的高级表达+妙记11+用途各异的被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型
妙记11 用途各异的被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型被动语态、虚拟语气、倍数和比较句型等在书面表达中都属于高级句式,它们的合理运用都能给文章增色添彩。
一、用英文思维的被动语态英文中被动语态的使用比汉语更多、更普遍。
一般说来,当强调动作的承受者、不必说出动作的执行者或执行者不明确时,多用被动语态。
被动语态因为更突出客观事实而被广泛使用。
所以同学们在写作时也应该注意多用被动语态,以赢得更高的分数。
1.主动语态变被动语态①We can borrow at most five books at a time, and we can keep them for ten days.→At most five books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for ten days.②When we put some waste chemicals into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish.→When some waste chemicals are put into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish.2.写作中常见的被动语态(1)be+过去分词(be可使用各种时态)①The exhibition will be held from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm the day after tomorrow in the artgallery.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)展览将于后天上午9时至下午5时在美术馆举行。
②Nowadays, more and more English words are being used in the Chinese language.(2014·江苏高考书面表达)当今,越来越多的英语词汇正在汉语中使用。
2021年成人高考高起点《英语》虚拟语气
I概念。
虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式,用来表达说话人的愿望,意图,建议,惊奇,设想等未能实现的情况,以及在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况。
II.虚拟语气的特点:1.虚拟语气表达的是与客观现实相反的观念。
2.虚拟语气常由一个表示条件的从句和一个主句构成。
3.由于虚拟语气中条件从句中的条件是与客观事实相反,因此其主句的结论也只能是想象的,非真实的。
4.虚拟语气的特点决定了它句中动词形式的使用与真实句中的动词形式的是不同的。
同时,虚拟语气受时间的制约,分成以下三种句式:1)与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。
2)与过去事实相反的虚拟语气2.在与将来事实相反的虚拟语气中,“if+主语+should +V+…+表示可能的假设1.与现在事实相反1)If I had a car, I should be very happy.= I should be very happy if I had a car, but I haven’t a car.2)If I were a bird, I could fly.= I could fly if I were a bird, but I am not a bird, so I can’t fly.3)I he took his teacher’s advice, he might pass the exam.= He might pass the exam if he took his teacher’s advice, but he doesn’t take his teacher’s advice, so he doesn't pass the exam.4)If it weren’t raining, we should go for a picnic.= We should go for a picnic if it weren’t raining, but it is raining.题例:1)If my father here now, he tell me what to do.A.were, would B were, will C is, would D is , will2)If I a bee, I work much harder.A were, wouldB were, shallC had, willD have, should3)If I much money, I buy a house.A have, willB had, shouldC had, willD have, should4)He learn more quickly if he harder.A will, workB would, workedC would, workD will , worked5)If I you, I do that.A was, wouldn’tB were, wouldn’tC am , won’tD were, won’tKey: AABBB2.与过去事实相反例:1) If I had known her telephone number, I would have called her.= I would have called her if I had known her telephone number, but I didn't know hertelephone number, so I didn’t call her.2)If you had e ten minutes earlier, you could have met that famous filmstar.but star. = You could have met that famous film star if you had e ten minutes earlier, you didn’t e ten minutes earlier, so you didn't see that famous film3)If I had realized the importance of English study, I should have worked much harder.= I should have worked much harder if I had realized the importance of English study,butI didn’t realize the importance of English study, so I didn't work harder. 题例:C were, would preventD were, would have prevented3)I if she me.A would have overslept , didn’t callB would have overslept, hadn’t calledC overslept, hadn't calledD would o verslept, didn’t call4)---- If he , he that food.-----Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A was warned, would not takeB had been warned, would not have takenC would be warned, had not takenD would have been warned, had not taken5)She to the party if she invited.A would have gone, had beenB would go , wasC would have gone, wasD has goneKey: DABBA3.与将来事实相反例:1) If I were to be twenty years old, I would take the course of puter science.= I would take the course of puter science if I were to be twenty years old, but I amnot twenty years old, so I will not take the course of puter science.2)If I did /should do/were to do that , she would feel very surprised.= She would feel very surprised if I did/should do/were to do that, but I don’ t do that, soshe will not feel surprised.3)If I failed, I would try again.= I would try again if I failed, but if I doesn’t fail, I will not try again. 题例:1)It’s quite impossible that it will rain tomorrow. But if it , I wouldstill go to the park.A should rainB would rainC rainedD had rained2)I don’t think that I shall fail. But if I , I would try again.A should failB would failC failedD had failed3)tomorrow, what should we do?A If it rains B. Should it rain C. Would it rain D. Were it rainingKey: AAB16.2非真实条件句1)时态:可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况。
2023年成人高考-专升本英语-被动语态
被动语态一、知识点回顾(一)被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变。
疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
(二)被动语态的用法1.不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时要用被动语态。
2.当更加强调动作的承受者时要用被动语态。
此时动作的执行者由by引导,置于谓语动词之后,不需要时可以省略。
These books may be kept for two weeks.这些书可以保管两周。
3.当动作的执行者不是人时,多用被动语态。
The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。
4.表示客观的说明常用“It is+过去分词+that”句型。
It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露西已经出国了。
二、习题练习1. The reading room ________ yesterday afternoon.A. cleanedB. is cleanedC. was cleaningD. was cleaned2. The workers were made ________ ten hours a day.A. workB. to workC. workingD. worked3. Food ________ in a cool place in summer.A. must keepB. mustn’t keepC. must be keptD. mustn’t be kept4. His father ________ to work in Hong Kong 3 years ago.A. sentB. was sentC. has sentD. has been sent5. The pen ________ well.A. writesB. is writtenC. was writtenD. writing6. Great changes ________ in the town since 1988.A. have taken placeB. have been taken placeC. has taken placeD. has been taken place7. Our compositions must ________ next Monday.A. be hand inB. be handed inC. handed inD. be handing in8. The child will ________ back to his parents next month.A. sentB. sendC. be sentD. be sending9. ________ his work ________ yet?A. have…been finishedB. has …been finishedC. has …finishedD. have…finished10. The classroom ________ nowA. is cleaningB. is being cleaningC. is being cleanedD. is cleaned1-5DBCBA 6-10 ABCBC。
三级英语成人英语三级考试辅导 虚拟语气细节讲解 备考资料
三级英语成人英语三级考试辅导虚拟语气细节讲解备考资料1. 主语从句中的虚拟语气主语从句中的虚拟语气主要取决于某些形容词和过去分词,用来表示建议、命令、要求、惊异和失望等,常这样用的形容词有:appropriate 适当的advisable 适当的,合理的better 较好的desirable 理想的essential 精华的imperative 迫切的important 重要的insistent 坚持的natural 自然的necessary 必要的preferable 优越的,较好的strange 奇怪的urgent 紧迫的vital 极其重要的过去分词有:desired,demanded,ordered,requested,suggested,remended,required 等。
例如:It is essential that you (should) win the voters‘ hearts. 赢得选民的心是绝对必要的。
It was suggested that he (should) join the club activities. 有人提议他应该参加俱乐部的活动。
2. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要求使用虚拟语气。
其形式为:(should)+ 动词原形。
常这样用的名词有:resolution 决心,决议pray 恳求decision 决议motion 提议suggestion 建议preference 选择proposal 提议advice 劝告remendation 推荐desire 愿望demand 要求requirement 要求order 命令necessity 必要性request 要求idea 主意、想法例如:He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained.他下令热情款待这些客人,His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits. 他提议我们应该摈弃这些不良习性。
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被动语态的时态
现在完成时:
( She has made the boy work long .→ ) The boy has been made to work long . 那男孩已被迫工作很长时间了。
被动语态-构成
被动语态通常由助动词be+过去分词构成,行为的 发出者可由介词by引出。 (is,am,are,was,were+Ved)
Houses are built by builders . 房子是建筑工人盖的。
被动语态-主动语态与被动语态的转换
通常是将宾语变为主语,谓语动词变为被动式,主 语变为介词by的宾语,其他成分一般保留不变。
被动语态的时态
现在进行时:
( They are taking good care of the child .→) The child is being taken good care of . 那孩子正在受到精心照料。
பைடு நூலகம்ote:
“动词+名词+介词”构成的成语结构变被动语态时可 用句子宾语做主语,也可用该成语结构中的名词做主语。
英语成人高考复习指导
基础知识复习-被动语态和虚拟 语气
Part1:被动语态和虚拟语气概述
英语动词除了时态,还有语态和语气的变化。 被动语态在英语中非常常见; 虚拟语气在现代英语中已趋于很少使用,《大纲》只 要求学生能读懂、理解虚拟语气的句子,不要求使用 。
Part2:被动语态
语态是表示句子的主语和谓语动词行为之间关系的 动词形式。 英语的语态分为两种:主动语态和被动语态。
▪The soldier heard someone enter the house. someone was heard to enter the house. 听得见有人走进了房子。
Note:
带情态动词的句子变为被动语态时,情态动词一般不变 而是将其后的动词变为被动式。
▪She could smell something burning in the next room. Something could be smelt burning in the next room. 闻得出隔壁房间里有什么东西着火了。
His car was stolen last night . 他的车子昨天夜里被窃了。
被动语态的使用
(3)当要强调行为者时(此时用 by 短语):
The book was written by a college student . 这本书是一个大学生写的。
被动语态-练习题
将下列各句变为被动语态: 1. You have never heard of such things before, have you?
Note:
接宾语从句的及物动词变被动语态可有两种方式:
▪People believe that he is right. It is believed that he is right. He is believed to be right. 大家相信他是对的。
被动语态的时态
一般过去时:
( He painted the wall white . →) The wall was painted white . 墙油成了白色的。
Builders build houses.
建筑工人盖房子.
Houses are built by builders. 房子是建筑工人盖的。
被动语态-被动语态的时态
被动语态的时态: 由助动词be的各种时态形式+过去分词构成。 常用者如下:
被动语态的时态
一般现在时:
(I park my car near our house .→ ) My car is parked near our house. 我的车停在我家附近。
被动语态的时态
一般将来时:
( They will offer him a high pay .→) He will be offered a high pay . 将会给他高报酬。
Note:
双宾语及物动词变被动语态时可用间接宾语做主语, 也可用直接宾语做主语(注意介词的使用)。
▪They will offer him a high pay . A high pay will be offered to him . He will be offered a high pay . 将会给他高报酬。
被动语态的时态
过去完成时:
(They had operated on him twice since then. →) He had been operated on twice since then. 我的车停在我家附近。
Note:
接不带to的不定式短语做宾语补足语的动词,如:see , hear , observe , notice , make , have 等,若变为被动 语态,不定式前通常要加to ,否则是错误的。
被动语态-被动语态的使用
被动语态多用于书面语体,口语中不常用。 使用被动语态通常出于下列原因:
被动语态的使用
(1)当叙述的中心是行为的对象而不是行为 者时:
Meat should always be kept cool . 肉应该总是保存在低温下。
被动语态的使用
(2)当不知道、不容易指出、或不必要指出 行为者时:
被动语态-含义
主动语态表示主语是谓语动词行为的发出者。
He killed the animal. 他杀死了那动物。
被动语态表示主语是谓语动词行为的承受者。"被"
The animal was killed. 那动物被杀死了。
Note:
不及物动词(不接宾语)一般不能用于被动语态;
及物动词(接宾语)则一般都能用于被动语态,但 也有一些不可,如:fit , have , hold (容纳), lack , own , suit 等等。