(完整版)雅思阅读填空题(让考官告诉你)
2021年10月16日雅思阅读考试真题及答案
2021年10月16日雅思阅读考试真题及答案阅读考试是雅思考试中占分比重比较大的类型，需要大家认真对待。
以下是小编为大家整理的雅思2021年10月16日阅读考试真题及答案，仅供参考。
Passage 1主题：贸易船竞争参考答案：Passage 2主题：IQ参考答案：14-17 判断14.FALSE15.NOT GIVEN16.TRUE17.TRUE18-22 人名匹配18.A19.E20.F21.C22.D23-26 填空23.scalp electrodes24.inspiration and elaboration25.alpha wave activity26.flexibilityPassage 3主题：旅游业的发展待更新雅思9分对应阅读39-40分；雅思8.5分对阅读37-38分；雅思8.分对应阅读35-36分；雅思7.5分对应阅读33-34分；雅思7分对应阅读30-32分；雅思6.5分对应阅读27-29分；雅思6分对应阅读23-26分；雅思5.5分对应阅读20-22分；雅思5分对应阅读16-19分；雅思4.5分对应阅读13-15分；雅思4分对应阅读10-12分；雅思3.5分对应阅读6-9分；雅思3分对应阅读4-5分；雅思2.5分对应阅读3分；雅思2分对应阅读2分；雅思1分对应阅读1分。
选择题选择题其实是在考你对于原文中提及的一些详细信息的定位能力。
你需要快速读懂题目并选择出正确的选项。
往往除了正确选项以外还会有几个迷惑选项给你制造陷阱，你必须凭借原文中的特定信息来排除它们（或定位正确选项）。
Summary填空题这种题目一般是将原文的某一部分信息先进行了一个总结，然后设计了一些空让你填空。
你有可能需要用原文的单词进行填空，也可能需要用所给出的一些单词进行选词填空。
（词比空多）由于是对原文的总结，所以这段题干的内容在原文中肯定是出现的，但是绝对不会是原文重现，而是用一些同义词对原文的关键词进行替换。
IELTS阅读填空题
summary(摘要填空)1. 题型要求该类题目是一小段文字，是原文或原文中的几个段落主要内容的缩写或改写，我们称之为摘要。
摘要中有几个空白部分要求考生填空。
按照范围，摘要可分为两种：全文摘要和部分段落摘要。
全文摘要，摘要信息来自全文，题目空格的数目较多。
部分段落摘要，摘要信息来自原文某几个连续的段落，题目空格的数目较少。
最近考试中出现的大部分是部分段落摘要，信息来自原文连续的两到三段，题目空格的数量在5题左右。
对于部分段落摘要，有的在题目要求中会指出它来自原文的哪些段落，如complete the summary below of the first two paragraphs of the reading assage。
但大部分的部分段落摘要只是在题目要求中说它是原文的一个摘要或部分段落摘要，并不指出它来自原文的哪些段落。
按照填空内容，摘要也可分为三种：原文原词、从多个选项中选词和自己写词。
原文原词的题目要求中常有from the reading assage 的字样。
从多个选项中选词，选项的数目常常超过题目空格的数目。
从多个选项中选词或自己写词的题目要求中没有from the reading assage 的字样，有时会有using the information in the passage的字样。
最近考试中，绝大部分是原文原词或从多个选项中选词，很少有自己写词的。
这类题在a类和g类考试中出现的频率一般都是每两次考一次，每次考一组，共五题左右。
2. 解题步骤(1) 仔细读摘要的第一句话，找出它在原文中的出处，通常是和原文某段话的第一句相对应。
如果题目要求中已经指出了摘要的出处，则此步可以略去不做。
(2) 注意空格前后的词，到原文中去找这些词的对应词。
对应词的特点如下：a. 原词b. 词性变化；如空格前的词为threatening, 是形容词，原文中的词为threat, 是名词。
c. 语态变化；一个是主动语态，一个是被动语态。
雅思阅读表格填空题讲解：WhatDoWhalesFeel
雅思阅读表格填空题讲解：WhatDoWhalesFeel假如你的剑桥雅思阅读已是烂熟于心，那么这一系列的雅思阅读机经真题真的很适合你，今日我给大家带来了雅思阅读表格填空题讲解--What Do Whales Feel，盼望能够关心到大家，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
雅思阅读表格填空题讲解--What Do Whales Feel?What Do Whales Feel?Some of the senses that we and other terrestrial mammals take for granted are either reduced or absent in cetaceans or fail to function well in water. For example, it appears from their brain structure that toothed species are unable to smell. Baleen species, on the other hand, appear to have some related brain structures but it is not known whether these are functional. It has been speculated that, as the blowholes evolved and migrated to the top of the head, the neural pathways serving sense of smell may have been nearly all sacrificed. Similarly, although at least some cetaceans have taste buds, the nerves serving these have degenerated or are rudimentary.The sense of touch has sometimes been described as weak too, but this view is probably mistaken. Trainers of captive dolphins and small whales often remark on their animals’ responsiveness to being touched or rubbed, and both captive and free-ranging cetacean individuals of all species (particularly adults and calves, or members of the same subgroup) appear to make frequent contact. This contact may help to maintain order within a group, and stroking or touching are part of the courtship ritual in most species. The area around the blowhole is also particularly sensitive and captive animals often object strongly to being touched there.The sense of vision is developed to different degrees in differentspecies. Baleen species studied at close quarters underwater – specifically a grey whale calf in captivity for a year, and free-ranging right whales and humpback whales studied and filmed off Argentina and Hawaii – have obviously tracked objects with vision under-water, and they can apparently see moderately well both in water and in air. However, the position of the eyes so restricts the field of vision in baleen whales that they probably do not have stereoscopic vision.On the other hand, the position of the eyes in most dolphins and porpoises suggests that they have stereoscopic vision forward and downward. Eye position in freshwater dolphins, which often swim on their side or upside down while feeding, suggests that what vision they have is stereoscopic forward and upward. By comparison, the bottlenose dolphin has extremely keen vision in water. Judging from the way it watches and tracks airborne flying fish, it can apparently see fairly well through the air–water interface as well. And although preliminary experimental evidence suggests that their in-air vision is poor, the accuracy with which dolphins leap high to take small fish out of a trainer’s hand provides anecdotal evidence to the contrary.Such variation can no doubt be explained with reference to the habitats in which individual species have developed. For example, vision is obviously more useful to species inhabiting clear open waters than to those living in turbid rivers and flooded plains. The South American boutu and Chinese beiji, for instance, appear to have very limited vision, and the Indian susus are blind, their eyes reduced to slits that probably allow them to sense only the direction and intensity of light.Although the senses of taste and smell appear to have deteriorated, and vision in water appears to be uncertain, such weaknesses are more than compensated for by cetaceans’ well-developed acoustic sense. Most species are highly vocal, although they vary in the range of sounds they produce, and many forage for food using echolocation. Large baleen whales primarily use the lower frequencies and are often limited in theirrepertoire. Notable exceptions are the nearly song-like choruses of bowhead whales in summer and the complex, haunting utterances of the humpback whales. Toothed species in general employ more of the frequency spectrum, and produce a wider variety of sounds, than baleen species (though the sperm whale apparently produces a monotonous series of high-energy clicks and little else). Some of the more complicated sounds are clearly communicative, although what role they may play in the social life and ‘culture’ of cetaceans has been more the subject of wild speculation than of solid science.真题讲解：长难句练习：1. Trainers of captive dolphins and small whales often remark on their animals responsiveness to being touched or rubbed, and both captive and freeranging cetacean individuals of all species (particularly adults and calves, or members of the same subgroup)参考译文：训练者捕获海豚和小鲸鱼常常评论它们的动物反映当被摩挲或是摩擦的时候，并且无论是捕获还是放养的全部种类的鲸类个体(尤其是成年鲸和幼仔，或是用一个子群中的成员)表现出频繁的接触。
一雅思阅读填空题
change that occurred around 2.5 million years ago,mammoths evolved into a new
species, called the 3________. About 1.7millions years ago, these animals gradually
well-known kind, named the 6_________.
.
2
二、解题步骤-八字方针
关系词 so…）
（for、and、never、but、or、
八字方针 预测
词性
定位
粗定位 ◎特殊词：数字、时间、
专有名词、大写字母、地点、
号、A-B、百分比符号
金钱符号、斜体字、引
.
பைடு நூலகம்
3
例子：
1 …ice、rock and a few
Then some mammoths split off and
migrated to 2_________.In order to cope with
the climate change th.at occurred around 2.57
——————
.
8
.
9
.
10
Conclusion 总结
READING
----SUMMARY(填空题)
.
1
一 题型特点
词数不多
原文原词
Questions 1-7
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS or numbers from the passage for each answer.
雅思阅读试题练习与答案全解析
雅思阅读试题练习与答案全解析一、练习题阅读Passage 1：阅读以下段落，回答问题1-5。
1. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The advantages of the Internet.B. The disadvantages of the Internet.C. The impact of the Internet on society.D. The history of the Internet.2. According to the passage, which of the following is a problem caused by the widespread adoption of the Internet?A. Environmental pollution.B. Privacy issues.C. Economic growth.D. Educational improvement.3. Why does the Internet lead to social isolation?A.因为它改变了人们的交流方式B.因为它使人们更容易获取信息C.因为它促进了全球连接D.因为它提供了更多的娱乐方式4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Privacy issues.B. The spread of misinformation.C. Social isolation.D. Education inequality.5. In the author's opinion, how should people use the Internet responsibly?A. They should limit their online activities to protect their privacy.B. They should only consume information from trusted sources.C. They should spend more time on social media to stay connected.D. They should use the Internet as an educational tool to enhance their knowledge.阅读Passage 2：阅读以下段落，回答问题6-10。
雅思阅读真题
雅思阅读真题雅思阅读真题还在为雅思考试熬夜奋战的小伙伴们看过来!为了帮助你们更好进行复习，店铺特地整理了历年考试结束后网友的真题回忆，希望大家通过自己的努力最终拿下满意的成绩!一、考试概述本次考试的文章是三篇旧文章，难度中等。
包含考古科学、生物科学以及商业三个领域的文章。
二、具体题目分析Passage 1题目：Ahead of the time题号：旧题参考文章：Mammoth KillMammoth is any species of the extinct genus Mammoths, proboscideans commonly equipped with long，curved tusks and in northern species, a covering of long hair. They lived from the Ptiocene epoch from around 5 million years ago，into the Hotocene at about 4，500 years ago，and were members of the family Elephantidae, which contains, along with mammoths, the two genera of modern elephants and their ancestors.ALike their modern relatives，mammoths were quite large. The largest known species reached heights in the region of 4m at the shoulder and weights up to 8 tonnes, while exceptionally large males may have exceeded 12 tonnes. However，most species of mammoth were only about as large as a modem. Asian elephant. Both sexes bore tusks. A first, small set appeared at about the age of six months and these were replaced at about 18months by the permanent set. Growth of the permanent set was at a rate of about 1 to 6 inches per year. Based on studies of their close relatives, the modem elephants, mammoths probably had a gestation period of 22 months, resulting in a single calf being born. Their social structure was probably the same as that of African and Asian elephants, with females living in herds headed by a matriarch, whilst hulls lived solitary lives or formed loose groups after sexual maturity.BMEXICO CITY-Although it’s hard to imagine in this age of urban sprawl and auto mobiles. North America once belonged to mammoths，camels，ground sloths as large as cows, bear-size beavers and other formidable beasts. Somel 1,000 years ago，however, these large bodied mammals and others-about 70 species in all-disappeared. Their demise coincided roughly with the arrival of humans in the New World and dramatic climatic change-factors that have inspired several theories about the die-off. Yet despite decades of scientific investigation, the exact cause remains a mystery. Now new findings offer support to one of these controversial hypotheses: that human hunting drove this megafaunal menagerie (巨型动物兽群)to extinction. The overkill model emerged in the 1960s，when it was put forth by Paul S. Martin of the University of Arizona. Since then, critics have charged that no evidence exists to support the idea that the first Americans hunted to the extent necessary to cause these extinctions. But at the annual meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology in Mexico City last October, paleo ecologist John Alroy of the University of California at Santa Barbara argued that, in fact, hunting-driven extinction is not only plausible, it was unavoidable. He has determined, using acomputer simulation that even a very modest amount of hunting would have wiped these animals out.CAssuming an initial human population of 100 people that grew no more than 2 percent annually, Alroy determined that if each band of, say, 50 people killed 15 to 20 large mammals a year, humans could have eliminated the animal populations within 1,000 years. Large mammals in particular would have been vulnerable to the pressure because they have longer gestation periods than smaller mammals and their young require extended care.DNot everyone agrees with Alroy’s assessment. For one, the results depend in part on population-size estimates for the extinct animals-figures that are not necessarily reliable. But a more specific criticism comes from mammologist Ross D. E. Mac Phee of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, who points out that the relevant archaeological record contains barely a dozen examples of stone points embedded in mammoth bones (and none, its hould be noted, are known from other mega faunal remains)-hardly what one might expect if hunting drove these animals to extinction. Furthermore, some of these species had huge ranges the giant Jefferson's ground sloth’ for example, lived as far north as the Yukon and as far south as Mexico which would have made slaughtering them in numbers sufficient to cause their extinction rather implausible, he says.EMacPhee agrees that humans most likely brought about these extinctions (as well as others around the world that coincided with human arrival), but not directly. Rather hesuggests that people may have introduced hyper lethal disease, perhaps through their dogs or hitchhiking vermin，which then spread wildly among the immunologically naive species of the New World. As in the overkill model, populations of large mammals would have a harder time recovering. Repeated outbreaks of a hyper disease could thus quickly drive them to the point of no return. So far Mac Phee does not have empirical evidence for the hyper disease hypothesis, and it won't be easy to come by: hyper lethal disease would kill far too quickly to leave its signature on the bones themselves. But he hopes that analyses of tissue and DNA from the last mammoths to perish will eventually reveal murderous microbes.FThe third explanation for what brought on this North American extinction does not involve human, beings. Instead, its proponents blame the loss on the weather. The Pleistocene epoch witnessed considerable climatic instability, explains paleontologist Russell W. Graham of the Denver Museum of Nature and Science. As a result, certain habitats disappeared, and species that had once formed communities split apart. For some animals, this change brought opportunity. For much of the megafauna, however, the increasingly homogeneous environment left them with shrinking geographical ranges-a death sentence for large animals, which need large ranges. Although these creatures managed to maintain viable populations through most of the Pleistocene, the final major fluctuation-the so-called Younger Diyas event pushed them over the edge, Graham says. For his part, Alroy is convinced that human hunters demolished the titans of the Ice Age. The overkill model explains everything the disease and climate scenariosexplain, he asserts, and makes accurate predictions about which species would eventually go extinct.“Personally，I’m a vegetarian,” he remarks, “and I find all of this kind of gross 一bubelievable.”Passage 2 ：题目：Chinese Yellow Citrus Ant for Biological Control题型：判断题+配对题题目：旧题类似原文：Chinese Yellow Citrus Ant for Biological ControlAIn 1476 , the farmers of Berne in Switzerland decided, according to this story, there was only one way to rid their fields of the cutworms(糖蛾)attacking their crops. They took the pests to court. The worms were tried, found guilty and excommunicated by the archbishop (大主教).In China, farmers had a more practical approach to pest control. Rather than rely on divine intervention (神学的调停),they put their faith in frogs, ducks and ants. Frogs and ducks were encouraged to snap up (吃下)the pests in the paddies (稻田)and the occasional plague of locusts (蝗虫).But the notion of biological control began with an ant. More specifically, the story says，it started with the predatory yellow citrus (柑橘)ant Oecophylla smaragdina , which has been polishing off (打败)pests in the orange groves of southern China for at least 1700 years. The yellow citrus ant (黄蚁)is a type of weaver ant, which binds leaves and twigs with silk to form a neat, tent-like nest. In the beginning, farmers made do with the odd ants’nest here and there. But it wasn’t long before growing demand led to the development of a thriving trade in nests and a new type of agriculture—ant fanning.B Foran insect that bites, the yellow citrus ant is remarkably popular. Even byant standards, Oecophylla smaragdina is a fearsome predator. It’s big, runs fast and has a powerful nip—painful to humans but lethal to many of the insects that plague the orange groves of Guangdong and Guangxi in southern China. And for at least 17 centuries. Chinese orange growers have harnessed these six-legged killing machines to keep their fruit groves healthy and productive. The story explains that citrus fruits evolved in the Far East and the Chinese discovered the delights of their flesh early on. As the ancestral home of oranges, lemons and pomelos, China also has the greatest diversity of citrus pests. And the trees that produce the sweetest fruits，the mandarins—or kan—attract a host of plant-eating insects, from black ants and sap-sucking mealy bugs to leaf-devouring caterpillars (毛毛虫). With so many enemies, fruit growers clearly had to have some way of protecting their orchards.CThe West did not discover the Chinese orange growers' secret weapon until the early 20th century. At the time, Florida was suffering an epidemic of citrus canker (相橘溃疡)and in 1915 Walter Swingle，a plant physiologist working for the US Department of Agriculture, was, the story says, sent to China in search of varieties of orange that were resistant to the disease. Swingle spentsome time studying the citrus orchards around Guangzhou, and there he came across the story of the cultivated ant. These ants, he was told, were “grown”by the people of a small village nearby who sold them to the orange growers by the nestful (—整窝的).DThe earliest report of citrus ants at work among the orangetrees appears in a book on tropical and subtropical botany written by His Han in AD 304. “The people of Chiao-Chih sell in their markets ants in bags of rush matting. The nests are like silk. The bags are all attached to twigs and leaves which, with the ants inside the nests, are for sale. The ants are reddish-yellow in colour, bigger than ordinary ants. In the south if the kan trees do not have this kind of ant, the fruits will all be damaged by many harmful insects, and not a single fruit will be perfect.EInitially, farmers relied on nests which they collected from the wild or bought in the market where trade in nests was brisk. ‘It is said that in the south orange trees which are free of ants will have wormy fruits. Therefore the people race to buy nests for their orange trees, ‘wrote Liu Hsun in Strange Things Noted in the South, written about AD 890. The business quickly became more sophisticate. From the 10th century, country people began to trap ants in artific ial nests baited with fat. “Fruit growing families buy these ants from vendors who make a business of collecting and selling such creatures, “wrote Chuang Chi-Yu in 1130. “They trap them by filling hogs 'or sheep’s bladders with fat and placing them with the cavities open next to the ants 'nests. They wait until the ants have migrated into the bladders and take them away. This is known as ‘rearing orange ants’. “Fanners attached the bladders to their trees, and in time the ants spread to other trees and built new nests. By the 17th century, growers were building bamboo walkways between their trees to speed the colonization of their orchards. The ants ran along these narrow bridges from one tree to another and established nests “by the hundreds of thousands”.FDid it work? The orange growers clearly thought so. One authority, Chi TaChun，writing in 1700，stressed how important it was to keep the fruit trees free of insect pests, especially caterpillars. “It is essential to eliminate them so that the trees are not injured. But hand labour is not nearly as efficient as ant power...”Swingle was just as impressed. Yet despite this reports, many Western biologists were skeptical. In the West, the idea of using one insect to destroy another was new and highly controversial. The first breakthrough had come in 1888，when the infant orange industry in California had been saved from extinction by the Australian vedalia beetle. This beetle was the only thing that had made any inroad into the explosion of cottony cushion scale that was threatening to destroy the state’s citrus crops. But, as Swingle now knew，California’s “first，’was nothing of the sort. The Chinese had been expert in biocontrol for many centuries.GThe story goes on to say that the long tradition of ants in the Chinese orchards only began to waver in the 1950s and 1960s with the introduction of powerful organic (I guess the authormeans chemical insecticides). Although most fruit growers switched to chemicals, a few hung onto their ants. Those who abandoned ants in favour of chemicals quickly became disillusioned (幻想破灭). As costs soared and pests began to develop resistance to the chemicals, growers began to revive the old ant patrols. They had good reason to have faith in their insect workforce. Research in the early 1960s showed that as long as there were enough ants in the trees，they did an excellent job of dispatching some pests—mainly the larger insects—and had modest success against others. Trees with yellow ants producedalmost 20 per cent more healthy leaves than those without. More recent trials have shown that these trees yield just as big a crop as those protected by expensive chemical sprays.HOneapparent drawback of using ants—and one of the main reasons for the early skepticism by Western scientists—was that citrus ants do nothing to control mealy bugs， waxy-coated scale insects which can do considerable damage to fruit trees. In fact，the ants protect mealy bugs in exchange for the sweet honeydew they secrete. The orange growers always denied this was a problem but Western scientists thought they knew better. Research in the 1980s suggests that the growers were right all along. Where mealy bugs proliferate under the ants ‘protection they are usually heavily parasitized and this limits the harm they can do. Orange growers who rely on carnivorous ants rather than poisonous chemicals maintain a better balance of species in their orchards. While the ants deal with the bigger insect pests, other predatory species keep down the numbers of smaller pests such as scale insects and aphids(蚜虫). In the long run， ants do a lot less damage than chemicals—and they’re certainly more effective than excommunication.Questions 14-18Use the information in the passage to match the year (listed A-G) with correct description below. Write the appropriate letters A-G in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.NB you may use any letter more than onceA 1888B 1476C 1915D 1700E 1130F 304 ADG 195014 First record of ant against pests written.15 WS studied ant intervention method in China.16 First case of orange crops rescued by insect in western world.17 Chinese farmers start to choose chemical method.18 A book wrote mentioned ways to trap ants.Questions 19-26Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 19-26 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this19 China has the most orange pests in the world.20 Swingle came to China in order to search an insect for the US government.21 Western people were impressed by Swingle’s theory of pest prevention.22 Chinese farmers realised that price of pesticides became expensive.24 Trees without ants had more unhealthy fallen leaves than those with.25 Yield of fields using ants is larger a crop than that using chemical pesticides.26 Chinese orange farmers proposed that ant protection doesn’t work out of China.14 F15 C16 A17 G18 E19 TRUE20 FALSE21 FALSE22 TRUE23 TRUE24 NOT GIVEN25 TRUE26 NOT GIVEN(答案仅供参考)Passage 3 ：题名：The Persuaders题型：选择+匹配类似文章：AWe have long lived in an age where powerful images, catchy sound bite sand too-good-to miss offers bombard us from every quarter. All around us the persuaders are at work. Occasionally their methods are unsubtle--the planting kiss on a baby’s head by a wannabe political leader，or a liquidation sale in a shop that has been “closing down” for well over a year，but generally the persuaders know what they are about and are highly capable. Be they politicians, supermarket chains, salespeople or advertisers，they know exactly what to do to sell us their images, ideas or produce. When it comes to persuasion, these giants rule supreme. They employ the most skilled image-makers and use the best psychological tricks to guarantee that even the mostcautious among us are open to manipulation.BWe spend more time in them than we mean to, we buy 75 percent of our food from them and end up with products that we did not realize we wanted. Right from the start, supermarkets have been ahead of the game. For example，when Sainsbury introduced shopping baskets into its 1950s stores, it was a stroke of marketing genius. Now shoppers could browse and pick up items they previously would have ignored. Soon after came trolleys, and just as new roads attract more traffic, the same applied to trolley space. Pro Merlin Stone, IBM Professor of Relationship Marketing at Bristol Business School，says aisles are laid out to maximize profits. Stores pander to our money-rich, time-poor lifestyle. Low turnover products—clothes and electrical goods are stocked at the back while high---turnover items command position at the front.CStone believes supermarkets work hard to “stall” us because the more time we spend in them, the more we buy. Thus, great efforts are made to make the environment pleasant. Stores play music to relax us and some even pipe air from the in-store bakery around the shop. In the USA，fake aromas are sometimes used. Smell is both the most evocative and subliminal sense. In experiments, pleasant smells are effective in increasing our spending. A casino that fragranced only half its premise saw profit soar in the aroma一 filled areas. The other success story from the supermarkets' perspective is the loyalty card. Punters may assume that they are being rewarded for their fidelity, but all the while they are trading information about their shopping habits. Loyal shoppers could be paying 30% more by sticking totheir favorite shops for essential cosmetics.DResearch has shown that 75 percent of profit comes from just 30 percent of customers. Ultimately, reward cards could be used to identify and better accommodate these “elite” shoppers. It could also be used to make adverts more relevant to individual consumers—rather like Spielberg’s futuristic thriller Minority Report, in which Tom Cruise’s character is bombarded with interactive personalized ads. If this sounds far-fetched, the data gathering revolution has already seen the introduction of radio—frequency identification—away to electronically tag products to what, FRID means they can follow the product into people homes.ENo matter how savvy we think we are to their ploys，the ad industry still wins. Adverts focus on what products do or on how they make us feel. Researcher Laurette Dube, in the Journal of Advertising Research, says when attitudes are base on “cognitive foundations” (logical reasoning), advertisers use informative appeals. This works for products with little emotional draw buthigh functionality, such as bleach. Where attitude are based on effect (i.e, 5 emotions), ad teams try to tap into our feelings. Researchers at the University of Florida recently concluded that our emotional responses to adverts dominate over “cognition”.FAdvertisers play on our need to be safe (commercials for insurance), to belong (make customer feel they are in the group in fashion ads) and for selfes— teem (aspirational adverts). With time and space at a premium, celebrities are often used as a quick way of meeting these needs—either because the celebepitomizes success or because they seem familiar and so make the product seem “safe”. A survey of 4,000 campaigns found ads with celebs were 10 percent more effective than without. Humor also stimulates a rapid emotional response. Hwiman Chung, writing in the International Journal of Advertising, found that funny ads were remembered for longer than straight ones. Combine humor with sexual imagery—as in Wonder bra，s “Hello Boys” ads and you are on t o a winner.GSlice-of-life ads are another tried and tested method they paint a picture of life as you would like it, but still one that feels familiar. Abhilasha Mehta, in the Journal of Advertising Research, noted that the more one’s self-image tallies with the brand being advertised, the stronger the commercial. Ad makers also use behaviorist theories，recognizing that the more sensation we receive for an object, the better we know it. If an advert for a chocolate bar fails to cause salivation, it has probably failed. No wonder advertisements have been dubbed the “nervous system of the business world”.HProbably all of us could make a sale if the product was something we truly believed in, but professional salespeople are in a different league——the best of them can always sell different items to suitable customers in a best time. They do this by using very basic psychological techniques. Stripped to its simplest level, selling works by heightening the buyer’s perception of how much they need a product or service. Buyers normally have certain requirements by which they will judge the suitability of a product. The seller therefore attempts to tease out what these conditions are and then explains how their products’ benefitcan meet these requirements.IRichard Hession，author of Be a Great Salesperson says it is human nature to prefer to speak rather to listen, and good salespeople pander to this. They ask punters about their needs and offer to work with them to achieve their objectives. As a result, the buye r feels they are receiving a “consultation” rather than a sales pitch. All the while，the salesperson presents with a demeanor that takes it for granted that the sale will be made. Never will the words “if you buy” be used, but rather “when you buy”.JDr. Rob Yeung, a senior consultant at business psychologists Kiddy and Partner, says most salespeople will build up a level of rapport by asking questions about hobbies, family and lifestyle. This has the double benefit of making the salesperson likeable while furnishing him or her with more information about the client’s wants. Yeung says effective salespeople try as far as possible to match their style of presenting themselves to how the buyer comes across. If the buyer cracks jokes, the salespeople will respond in kind. If the buyer wants detail, the seller provides it, if they are more interested in the feel of the product, the seller will focus on this. At its most extreme, appearing empathetic can even include the salesperson attempting to “mirror” the hob by language of the buyer.KWhatever the method used, all salespeople work towards one aim: “dosing the deal”. In fact, they will be looking for “closing signals” through their dealings with potential clients. Once again the process works by assuming success. The buyer isnot asked “are you interested?” as this can invite a negative response. Instead the seller takes it for granted that the deal is effectively done: when the salesman asks you for a convenient delivery date or asks what color you want, you will probably respond accordingly. Only afterwards might you wonder why you proved such a pushover.Passage1：日本画家介绍题型：匹配+填空+判断待回忆Passage2：纳米技术题型：匹配待回忆Passage3：中世纪英国儿童的娱乐活动题型：判断待回忆雅思阅读+听力考试真题阅读passage1 古代怎样传送信息莫斯电码发明后对现代人的信息交流产生了怎样的影响passage2 早期人类使用珠宝显示身份和地位，现代珠宝多用做装饰品及考古研究passage3 儿童智力发展听力2016年1月9日雅思听力真题解析A卷Section 1场景：电影院会员资格咨询及电影介绍题型：填空题1. No age limited2. How much per season membership: join fee ￡21.503. Discount for student membership card: ￡24. Offer three hours’ free parking5-10表格填空NameGenreYearDetailsThe soliderComedy1922A child ran away from hometown and came to Argentina, then won a big sum of money Piano lifeKids at singing competitionThe tigerCartoon aimed for adultsFollowing by a book talk of an editor分析：听力S1延续了一直以来的填空题题型出题，同时也配合了最常见生活娱乐方面的咨询场景作为背景，希望广大考鸭注意这一个section最重点需要掌握的场景词汇和预测。
雅思阅读填空
• III. 确定所填词的词性
对所填词的词性进行预判断，有助于提高考生对正确答案的敏感性，帮 助考生精确锁定答案，个别词性的判断甚至能直接帮助我们找到答案。 比较极端的例子便是不定冠词a和an。如果空格前面有冠词a或an，往往 意味着空格应当填一个可数名词的单数形式，而不定冠词极难被同义转 换，因此原文中的词很可能也是带有a/ an的。
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• 我们以剑5 Test 2 流程图Q4 为例，来看一下等义关系的妙 用。
Q: stage one resin, called 4________.
很显然，这道题目是一个等义关系。定位词应当是resin。 结果在全文的第五段第三行定位到原句：the result was a resin know as Novalak,… 。根据known as这个等义结构，很 容易得出这道题目的答案Novalak.
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3. 所有题目均有字数限制 所有这类题目的指令里面都包括字数限制的要求，一般都 是不超过3个字，这同样是由阅读考试客观性、标准性的 性质所决定的。如果对答案不设字数限制，那么往往会导 致出现多个标准答案的现象，这也是不符合考试的原则的。 因为阅卷的时候标准答案越少，试卷的批阅过程就越客观、 越公正。
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• 3.并列关系
并列关系是填空类题目出得最多的语间关系。常见的并列 关系结构有：A and B, A or B, A as well as B, not only A but (also) B等等。只要找到其中一个定位词，另外一个自然就 是与其并列的词了。
我们以剑4 Test 1表格题Q19为例：
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5.基本都讲顺序原则 除了带选项的段落摘要题比较不稳定之外，其它所有的填 空题都比较严格地遵循顺序原则，即题号的顺序与原文的 顺序一致。掌握这条原则，我们将有效地缩短寻找答案的 时间。 在了解了这类题型出题思路之后，我们再来看一下这种题 目的做题步骤。
2021年6月26日雅思阅读考题与答案
2021年6月26日雅思阅读考题与答案对于雅思考试中的阅读考试，很多考生在阅读部分是很容易拿到高分的，但是在备考的时候也不要放松警惕，下面是为大家带来的2021年6月26日雅思阅读考题与答案。
Passage One经理人的角色和功能题型：1-6 匹配题1. business scheme （商业计划）的发展：配decisional roles 决策2. presiding （主持） at formal events：配interpersonal roles 人际3. use employees and funds （动用员工和资金）：配decisional roles 决策ing message to related persons （传递信息给相关人员）：配informational roles 信息5. relating the information（讲述信息）to employees and organisation：配informational roles 信息6. recruiting the staff （招聘员工）：配interpersonal roles 人际7-8. provide a clear concept to define the role of managers 提供清晰的概念去定义经理的角色make a fresh way for further research 给进一步研究提供新途径9-13 判断题9. 年轻的专业人士在工作场所能很容易地懂得管理经验 FALSE10. M的理论打破了长期的观念 TRUE11. M因贡献而获取大量的研究资金 NOT GIVEN12. 所有经理都做着相同的工作 FALSE13. M的理论在未来的研究中站不住脚 FALSEPassage Two题目：猴子与森林题型：14-22 匹配题14 G15 A16 C17 B18 H19 D20C21 A22 B23-27 摘要题The reasons for Howlers monkey survive betterin local region than other two species-Howers in La Pacifica since they can feed themselves with leaf when23 fruit is not easily found- Howlers has better ability to alleviate the 24 plant toxins/toxin， which old andyoung trees used to protect themselves）-when compared to that of spider monkeys and capuchin monkeys， the25 reproduction rate of Howers is relatively faster（round for just every 2 years）.- the monkeys can survive away from open streams and water holes as the leaves howlers eat hold high content of 26 water whichensure them to resist to continuous27 drought in Guanacaste合理的时间安排时间安排包括：第一，完成每篇文章的时间建议控制到 20 分钟左右；第二，公平对待每篇文章和每道题目，保持良好心态，尽量不要因为前面的文章题目苦苦思索、做不出来，影响做下一篇文章的注意力和心情。
8月1日雅思阅读真题及答案
8月1日雅思阅读真题及答案2015年8月1日雅思阅读真题及答案本次考试又有一篇文章话题与语言类有关，可见最近语言学文章是大热。
第一篇 Dust and American，与地理环境类有关，剑桥真题中类似话题可参考C5T4P1和C6T1P3;第二篇与人类嗅觉有关，可参考C8T2P3;第三篇探寻语言意义的文章，可参考C5T1P1和C9T3P1。
Passage 1题材：环境类题型：判断7+填空6文章大意：美国西南沙尘的起源，历史，调查对大平原地带的影响，产生的问题部分答案回忆：判断题1.The dust had shot up dramatically since the second half of 19 century true2.The Aztec civilization disappeared due to the dust in the atmospheres false3.Before people bringing castles southwest has a lot of basins in great plain false4.Basins number decreased since European settlers found them are easy to be hunt not given5. Railway building used more money than expected not given6. &&&hand railway company work hard to protect the land they own false7. Until today the land belongs to company still infertile. true填空题1930s law Limit 8 cattle herbsToday BF research where the dust comes fromAnalysis components and 9 size From southwestBN soil cannot be destroyed by high 10 windSoil can be destroyed by cattle hooksAnalyzing 11 lake sedimentsDiscover. 12 nutrientsDust cannot be blamed for gradual disappearance of. Snow and 13 glaciers(仅供参考)Passage 2题材：医学类新旧情况：旧题题目：Follow Your Nose题型：段落信息匹配5+人名配对 6+选择2文章大意：类似原文及题目仅供参考部分答案：14-18 heading14 A conflicting views15 C original alarm16 D 实验 painful experience17 E 实验气温疗法能够缓解painful18 G great effect when combine more than more senses19- 24 人名配对A M&&&B E &&&C G &&&D two persons19 b smell can be influenced by pictures or verbal20 a smell cannot bring sharper memory21d combine of two or three senses22 b smell cannot isolated from others23 a smell is in the same section of memory in the brain24 c25-26 单选题25 气味疗法的现状是 it is helpful to those who believe it26 M&&&认为气味不可靠的原因是it can be affected by written and verbal factors(仅供参考)Passage 3题材：语言类新旧情况：新题题目：What is meaning?题型：选择4+判断4+完成句子6文章大意：不同类型的`人取决于他受传统教育产生的反应划分，依次提出字典不能给出明确定义，因为他用很多词解释，是一个数学的误解题一样。
雅思阅读填空
Lesson One
• An Overview of IELTS Reading
1
Introductions of IETLS Reading
2
Questions Types
3
Blank Filling
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● Introduction of IETLS Reading
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5.基本都讲顺序原则 除了带选项的段落摘要题比较不稳定之外，其它所有的填 空题都比较严格地遵循顺序原则，即题号的顺序与原文的 顺序一致。掌握这条原则，我们将有效地缩短寻找答案的 时间。 在了解了这类题型出题思路之后，我们再来看一下这种题 目的做题步骤。
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• I. 仔细阅读指令 填空题的指令(Instruction)往往包括以下几个部分： a. 题目所在文章中的范围 只有极个别题目会直接说明问题所在段落，另有部分题目 是通过内容提要的方式，透露文章的内容，以方便考生到 相应的段落去找寻答案。而更多的题目是没有这部分的提 示的。
题型细分
6大题型又可细分为14种小题型，在做题时需辨别出来：
1、选择题——单选题、多选题 2、是非题 3、简答题 4、填空题——句子填空、摘要找词、摘要选词、表格、示
意图、流程图 5、小标题——小标题、段落信息 6、配对题——句子逻辑、关系配对
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今日教学：Blank Filling
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文章题材
类别
动植物 人类发展史
教育 旅游交通 建筑结构 医疗卫生 自然环境 农林牧副渔
社会科学 管理
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举例
海牛、杀人鲸、水獭、海龟、海象、蝴蝶、捉蚂蚁、鸟的方向感、香蕉等
雅思阅读题库(完整版)
雅思阅读题库(完整版)第一部分：选择题（Multiple Choice）1. “……” 这句话的意思是什么？a. 选项Ab. 选项Bc. 选项Cd. 选项D2. 下列哪个选项与文章主题无关？a. 选项Ab. 选项Bc. 选项Cd. 选项D3. 作者在第二段中提到了哪个事实？a. 选项Ab. 选项Bc. 选项Cd. 选项D第二部分：填空题（Fill in the Blanks）请将以下空格处填上合适的单词。
1. 根据研究显示，____增加了人们患心脏病的风险。
2. 在夏日，许多人喜欢到____上放松休闲。
3. 这座城市以其____而著名，吸引了许多游客。
第三部分：判断题（True/False）1. 该文章的主要目的是提供瑜伽的健身指导。
(True/False)2. 文章中提到的研究结果是基于最新的科学数据。
(True/False)3. 该杂志的编辑具有多年的运动经验。
(True/False)第四部分：配对题（Matching）请将下列问题与相应的答案配对。
1. 问题1a. 答案Ab. 答案Bc. 答案C2. 问题2a. 答案Ab. 答案Bc. 答案C3. 问题3a. 答案Ab. 答案Bc. 答案C第五部分：段落标题题（Paragraph Headings）请从以下选项中选择合适的标题来概括每个段落的内容。
1. 段落1的标题a. 选项Ab. 选项Bc. 选项C2. 段落2的标题a. 选项Ab. 选项Bc. 选项C3. 段落3的标题a. 选项Ab. 选项Bc. 选项C以上是完整版的雅思阅读题库。
希望对你的备考有所帮助！。
(完整版)雅思阅读填空题(让考官告诉你)
雅思阅读summary填空题是雅思阅读题中常见题型, 在阅读考试中占较大的比重. 同时也是众多考生头痛的一种题型. 因为此题型不仅考查考生快速准确理解阅读文章的主旨能力, 也考查考生对定位,同义转化以及语义间逻辑关系的灵敏度.总的来说, 雅思阅读summary填空题主要有两种形式:一种是单词填空式, 这种形式主要针对文章全文或者部分段落写出的一篇摘要, 空出若干空格, 要求考生从文章中寻找相应的单词进行填空;另一种是单词选择式, 就是在第一种形式的基础上, 额外提供了一个词库, 要求考生从词库中选词填空.下面环球雅思的老师将详细讲解如何快速而有效的解答这两种形式的summary填空题.单词填空式解题策略对于单词填空式题, 一般把握三个关键信息: 逻辑关系词, 语法属性, 定位.首先, 观察空格前后是否有语义间有逻辑关系的连接词, 即逻辑关系词推断.这类表示空格前后内容逻辑关系的连接词主要包括:①表示因果关系的词, 如because, as, since, for, due to, thanks to, as a result of等. 在考试中, 在因果关系中除了一些连接词的衔接外, 还有一些表示因果关系的大词, 如trigger, breed, induce, engender, generate, be responsible for, affect, determine等, 这些词在语义中隐含了因果关系. 所以也是考生在解题中值得注意的.②表示转折关系的词, 如but, however, while, yet, instead, rather, whereas等③表示让步关系的词, 如despite, in spite of, although等④表示并列关系的词, 如and, both…and…, neither…nor等⑤表示举例关系的词, 如such as, for example等观察有无这类词的目的在于为了回原文定位时, 能缩小寻找范围, 使定位更加准确. 在文章阅读中, 题目中的某些单词会进行同义转换而变得面目全非，但是句意不会变，语义关系不会变，这是最可靠的定位依据。
雅思笔记填空题型
雅思笔记填空题型一、题目1 - 5。
（一）题目原文。
The history of the bicycle can be traced back to the early 19th century. The first bicycle - like device was called the Draisienne, invented by Karl von Drais in 1817. It was a two - wheeled vehicle that was propelled by the rider pushing their feet against the ground. This early design was (1)______ but not very efficient.In the following decades, various improvements were made. For example, pedals were added to the front wheel in the 1860s. This led to the creation of the "boneshaker", which had a large front wheel and a small rear wheel. The name "boneshaker" came from the (2) ______ ride it provided due to its basic construction.The high - wheeler, also known as the penny - farthing, emerged in the 1870s. It had an extremely large front wheel, sometimes up to 1.5 meters in diameter. Riders sat high above the ground on this type of bicycle. However, it was (3) ______ as getting on and off was difficult and there were risksof falling.The safety bicycle, which is closer to the modern bicycle design, was introduced in the 1880s. It had two wheels of equal size and a chain - driven mechanism. This made it much more (4) ______ and easier to ride.With the development of better brakes and tyres, the safety bicycle became very popular.Today, bicycles are used for a wide variety of purposes, from commuting to sport. The design has continued to evolve, with the introduction of newmaterials such as carbon fibre, which makes bicycles (5) ______ and more durable.（二）答案与解析。
5 雅思阅读填空、图表
• 1. Two carbon-free forms of energy are ____ and _____. • 2. The main environmental risk attached to nuclear power is ______. • 3. One disadvantage of ____is that they spoil the landscape. • 4. Money presently used for nuclear research could be better spent on _______. • 5. The nuclear industry should operate nuclear power plants _______.
• 1. Two carbon-free forms of energy are ____ and _____. • 2. The main environmental risk attached to nuclear power is ______. • 3. One disadvantage of ____is that they spoil the landscape. • 4. Money presently used for nuclear research could be better spent on _______. • 5. The nuclear industry should operate nuclear power plants _______.
• 原文：British industry, in particular, has in recent decades often been criticized for its linguistic insularity for its assumption that foreign buyers will be happy to communicate in English, and that awareness of other languages is not therefore a priority. In the 1960s, over two-thirds of British firms dealing with non-Englishspeaking customers were using English for outgoing correspondence; many had their sales literature only in English…
雅思阅读真题附答案及解析文库
雅思阅读真题附答案及解析文库一、READING1、READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-25, which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.Domestic Division of Labour A Domestic division of labour refers to the division of tasks, roles and duties, within the householdWith the increased entry of married women into formal employment, sociologists began to look more closely at the processes that linked home and workplace, including the question of whether or not women's increased involvement in paid labour led to a renegotiation of the “traditional” domestic roles and organization of domestic labourA huge empirical and theoretical literature was then generated in a relatively short time. B Work within the family context takes a variety of formsIn many Western households in the 1990s, it may include tasks such as caring for members of the family, contributing to the household finances, maintaining the house, interacting with kin and establishing and sustaining community relationshipsAs a way of fostering domestic harmony and creating a manageable routine, some couples choose one of three different styles of household role division: traditional, egalitarian or collaborative. C Most people who fit the traditional pattern are characteristically men and women who are conventionally married, or have been living together as a couple for some timeThe man and woman have totally separate spheres of influence and responsibilityFor instance, the husband or male parter is usually the chief decision maker and the major financial providerHe brings in the bulk of money and has the final say over major household purchases and important financial transactionsThe wife or female partner engages in child care and household management, of which the latter also includes maintaining contact with relatives and family members who may not live under the same roof. D In ideal situations, an egalitarian style is typified by an equal interchange in household tasks: for example, one partner does the dishes for one week, while the other cooksThen, the roles are reversed for the next weekAs an alternative, individual jobs may be divided equally, so that one partner handles half of the household tasks and the other partner takes on the remaining equal proportionHowever, this 50/50 scenario does not usually result in a permanent arrangement some specialization does tend to creep inHuman beings are not machines to be switched on and off at precise moments, nor is society organized in such a way as to allow a man to do exactly half the breadwinning and a woman to do exactly half the child rearing. E The collaborative style is a compromise between the two extremes of traditional and egalitarianIn these families, partners can specialize in household activities and the inclination is towards doing what one is expert at or prefersTypically, a woman may do all the cleaning while a man may do all the cooking because they choose to do soIt does not follow patriarchal prescription where a father always has foremost family authority and where the mother's domain is centred around the children and the householdIt is guided by personal interest rather than social conventionAs such, decisions may be deferred to the one who is the specialist in the particular areaIn some cases, couples may reverse their selected roles and the woman may become the main breadwinner, while the man may in turn be the primary child care-giver. F Traditional, egalitarian and collaborative styles are viewed by some as being dependent on female and male gender-role attitudes, both of self arid partnerIn other words, personality differences are said to determine whether men and women adopt one division of labour style in preference to anotherFemininity or female gender-role stereotypes are commonly associated with the emotional, nurturing qualities usually ascribed to a woman, while masculinity or a male gender-role stereotype is seen in the context of risk- taking, assertiveness and independence—usually attributed to men. G An opposing view sees the three family divisions of labour styles as a reflection of the progressive changes couples make in response to changing life situations, rather than being an aspect of personalityEssentially, adult women and men modify their behaviour within the context of family life, in accordance with current situationsIt is these life situations, rather than people, that should be categorised as typically feminine or masculineFor example, when a couple, attends to a baby or cares for a sick relative, it is the feminine qualities that are foremostIn contrast, competition and the degree of aggressiveness often required an outside employment, are associated with stereotypical masculine qualities. H So, depending upon demands in life situations, men and women assign what they believe are the appropriate masculine and feminine characteristics to particular contextsMoreover, depending upon how stereotyped the activities are that they are involved in, gender-roles may alter.1.Questions 14-19Reading passage 2 has eight paragraphs, A-H.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-H from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-x, in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi Compromise between two extreme stylesii An opposite standpoint from a new angleiii Factors that influence the change of gender roleiv Stereotyped activities in a familyv Conventional family patternvi Primary child care-giver (根据关键词“collaborative style”定位至E段第二句。
雅思阅读表格填空题讲解：AlternativeMedicineinAustralia.
雅思阅读表格填空题讲解：AlternativeMedicineinAustralia.雅思阅读表格填空题讲解--Alternative Medicine in Australia.alternative Medicine in AustraliaThe first students to study alternative medicine at university level in Australia began their four-year, full-time course at the University of Technology Sydney, in early 1994. Their course covered, among other therapies, acupuncture. The theory they learnt is based on the traditional Chinese explanation of this ancient healing art that it can regulate the flow of ‘Qi’ or energy through pathways in the body. This course reflects how far some alternative therapies have come in their struggle for acceptance by the medical establishment.Australia has been unusual in the Western world in having a very conservative attitude to natural or alternative therapies, according to Dr Paul Laver, a lecturer in Public Health at the University of Sydney. ‘We’ve had a tradition of doctors being fairly powerful and I guess they are pretty loath to allow any pretenders to their position to come into it.’ In many other industrializedcountries, orthodox and alternative medicine have worked ‘hand in glove’ for years. In Europe, only orthodox doctors can prescribe herbal medicine. In Germany, plant remedies account for 10% of the national turnover of pharmaceuticals. Americans made more visits to alternative therapists than to orthodox doctors in 1990, and each year they spend about $US12 billion on therapies that have not been scientifically tested.Disenchantment with orthodox medicine has seen the popularity of alternative therapies in Australia climb steadily during the past 20 years. In a 1983 national health survey, 1.9% of people said they had contacted a chiropractor, naturopath, osteopath, acupuncturist or herbalist in the two weeks prior to the survey. By 1990, this figure had risen to 2.6% of the population. The 550,000 consultations with alternative therapists reported in the 1990 survey represented about an eighth of the total number of consultations with medically qualified personnel covered by the survey, according to Dr Laver and colleagues writing in the Australian Journal of Public Health in1993. ‘A bett er educated and less accepting public has become disillusioned with the experts in general, and increasingly skeptical about science and empirically based knowledge,’ they said.‘The high standing of professionals,including doctors, has been eroded as a co nsequence.’Rather than resisting or criticizing this trend, increasing numbers of Australian doctors, particularly younger ones, are forming group practices with alternative therapists or taking courses themselves, particularly in acupuncture and herbalism. Part of the incentive was financial, Dr Laver said. ‘ The bottom line is that most general practitioners are business people. If they see potential clientele going elsewhere, they might want to be able to offer a similar service.‘In 1993, Dr Laver and his colleagues published a survey of 289 Sydney people who attended eight alternative therapists’ practices in Sydney. These practices offered a wide range of alternative therapies from 25 therapists. Those surveyed had experienced chronic illnesses, for which orthodox medicine had been able to provide little relief. They commented that they liked the holistic approach of their alternative therapists and the friendly, concerned and detailed attention they had received. The cold, impersonal manner of orthodox doctors featured in the survey. An increasing exodus from their clinics, coupled with this and a number of other relevant surveys carried out in Australia, all pointing to orthodox doctors’ inadequacies, have ledmainstream doctors themselves to begin to admit they could learn from the personal style of alternative therapists. Dr Patrick Store, President of the Royal College of General Practitioners, concurs that orthodox doctors could learn a lot about bedside manner and advising patients on preventative health from alternative therapists.According to the Australian Journal of Public Health, 18% of patients visitingalternative therapists do so because they suffer from musculo-skeletal complaints, 12% suffer from digestive problems, which is only 1% more than those suffering from emotional problems. Those suffering from respiratory complaints represent 7% of their patients, and candida sufferers represent an equal percentage. Headache sufferers and those complaining of general ill health represent 6% and 5% of patients respectively and a further 4% see therapists for general health maintenance. The survey suggested that complementary medicine is probably a better term than alternative medicine. Alternative medicine appears to be an adjunct sought in times of disenchantment when conventional medicine seems not to offer the answer.真题讲解：长难句练习：1. ‘We’ve had a tradition of doctors being fairly powerful andI guess they are pretty loath to allow any pretenders to their position to c ome into it.’参考译文：我们有个传统，医生是相当权威的，我猜他们很不愿意让那些觊觎他们位置的冒牌货得逞。
雅思阅读14类题型解题技巧之直接填空
全文主旨题
题目要求你说出一篇文章的主旨，即整篇文章的中心意思。这种题型也不常考，在实际考试中要么不考，要么只考一题。
做这种题型要注意下几点：
1. 题目以四选一的形式出现。
全文主旨题都是以四选一的形式出现，题干的目的)、THE TITLE(文章的标题)、THE MAIN THEME(文章的主旨)。
1. 一般考做一件事情的过程，注意原文中的动词。
2. 正确答案的顺序一般与原文的叙述顺序是一致的。
3. 答案在原文中往往是集中出现的。
这种题型在实际考试中不常出现。
完成句子+搭配题
这种题型在实际考试中出现的频率高一些，它是完成句子和搭配题两种题型的结合。每个题目都是一个陈述句，但留有一个空格，而且都在句子的结尾。
Compliance or Noncompliance for Children
Many Scientists believe that socialization takes a long process, while compliance is the outset of it. Accordingly, compliance for education of children is the priority. Motivationally distinct forms of child compliance, mutually positive affect, and maternal control, observed in 3 control contexts in 103 dyads of mothers and their 26-41-month-old children, were examined as correlates of internalization, assessed using observations of children while alone with prohibited temptations and maternal ratings. One form of compliance (committed compliance), when the child appeared committed wholeheartedly to the maternal agenda and eager to endorse and accept it, was emphasized. Mother-child mutually positive affect was both a predictor and a concomitant of committed compliance. Children who shared positive affect with their mothers showed a high level of committed compliance and were also more internalized. Differences and similarities between childrens compliance to requests and prohibitions (Do vs. Dont demand contexts) were also explored. Maternal Dos appeared more challenging to toddlers than the Dont. Some individual coherence of behavior was also found across both demand contexts. The implications of committed compliance for emerging internalized regulators of conduct are discussed.
雅思阅读--填空题
雅思阅读评分标准
等级（A类） 9 8.5 8 7.5 7 6.5 6 5.5 5
答对题数
40 38－39 36－37 32－35 29－31 26－28 23－25 19－22 16－18
等级（G类） 9 8.5 8 7.5 7 6.5 6 5.5 5
答对题数
40 39 38 37 35－36 30－34 26－29 22－25 18－21
4. 家庭关系：nephew 侄子niece 侄女 cousin
5. 社会关系：neighbour，classmate，buddy
哥们儿；colleague同事；confidante闺蜜
定位词???
1. Beacons and fishing lights are still used by ATC today.
Well-being chronic
16/20 7.0 14/20 6.5
representative
target feedback distribution
transparent
雅思阅读填空题讲解
填空题
• 大体三种类型： • 1. 能在原文中根据解体规则找到答案（
这种题最容易，但是一般不考）
• 2. 根据解体规律能在原文中找到同义词 或近义词（这种题较难，但是一般填空 题都会以这种形式出现）
• 总分、听力以及阅读部分的分数可以是整级 或半级。例如，如果四项平均分等于或大于 6.25分，则计入6的上半级分数，取6.5分； 如果平均分等于或大于6.75分，则计入6的 上一级分数，取7分。写作和口语部分的分数 只按整级计算。
IETLS评分标准
• 听力和阅读部分各包含40道题目，每 答对一题得一分。考生这两部分的满 分原始分均为40分，考生依据其原始 分获取1~9的等级分。
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雅思阅读summary填空题是雅思阅读题中常见题型, 在阅读考试中占较大的比重. 同时也是众多考生头痛的一种题型. 因为此题型不仅考查考生快速准确理解阅读文章的主旨能力, 也考查考生对定位,同义转化以及语义间逻辑关系的灵敏度.总的来说, 雅思阅读summary填空题主要有两种形式:一种是单词填空式, 这种形式主要针对文章全文或者部分段落写出的一篇摘要, 空出若干空格, 要求考生从文章中寻找相应的单词进行填空;另一种是单词选择式, 就是在第一种形式的基础上, 额外提供了一个词库, 要求考生从词库中选词填空.下面环球雅思的老师将详细讲解如何快速而有效的解答这两种形式的summary填空题.单词填空式解题策略对于单词填空式题, 一般把握三个关键信息: 逻辑关系词, 语法属性, 定位.首先, 观察空格前后是否有语义间有逻辑关系的连接词, 即逻辑关系词推断.这类表示空格前后内容逻辑关系的连接词主要包括:①表示因果关系的词, 如because, as, since, for, due to, thanks to, as a result of等. 在考试中, 在因果关系中除了一些连接词的衔接外, 还有一些表示因果关系的大词, 如trigger, breed, induce, engender, generate, be responsible for, affect, determine等, 这些词在语义中隐含了因果关系. 所以也是考生在解题中值得注意的.②表示转折关系的词, 如but, however, while, yet, instead, rather, whereas等③表示让步关系的词, 如despite, in spite of, although等④表示并列关系的词, 如and, both…and…, neither…nor等⑤表示举例关系的词, 如such as, for example等观察有无这类词的目的在于为了回原文定位时, 能缩小寻找范围, 使定位更加准确. 在文章阅读中, 题目中的某些单词会进行同义转换而变得面目全非，但是句意不会变，语义关系不会变，这是最可靠的定位依据。
从而逻辑关系词对于考生在解题中把握语义间的内在关系起了关键作用.如剑桥4 Test 2 Passage 1 Lost for words 一篇中的summary 题中This great variety of languages came about largely as a result of geographical ___Q1______. But in today’s world, factors such as government initiatives and ____Q2_____ are contributing to a huge decrease in the number of languages. One factor which may help to ensure that some endangered languages do not die out completely is people’s increasing appreciation of their ____Q3_____.解题中, 对于Q1很多考生把geographical作为定位词, 所以回到原文几乎是大海捞针. 但是这一题中由as a result of 这一层因果关系给出启示: 空格处为原因. 前半句的great variety of language 表示结果. 所以从这一因果关系切入, 可以在文中找到定位句“Isolation breeds linguistic diversity”, isolation 导致great variety of languages, 所以答案为isolation. 再看Q2, 这一题中体现出多层语义关系.首先空格处和government initiatives 构成并列关系, 其次这一并列词组隶属于上义词factors,即并列词组是因素之一.最后这些因素是导致语言数量下降的原因. 所以结合这层层关系, 加以government initiatives 定位词的辅助, 就可以找到定位句”…the deadliest weapon is not government policy but economic globalization”,即答案为economic globalization.对于Q3, 虽然没有传统的因果信号词, 但是one factor 已经给出因果关系的信号, 要求考生所填的是使语言不至于消亡的因素, 所以只需回到原文找提到预防语言消亡的方法的出题处.其次, 预测空格处所填的语法属性. 即语法属性判断为了使所找的答案万无一失, 还需要对空格处进行语法判断, 这样一来, 可以缩小选择的范围, 使答案更加精确. 语法属性大致包括空格的词性, 单复数以及句子成分.如果空格前为形容词, 那么空格处应为名词; 空格前为副词, 那么空格处应为动词或形容词; 如果空格后面是be动词, 那么空格应为名词复数或形容词. 从这些小细节可以看出雅思阅读考查的细腻.以Cambridge 5 Test 1 Passage 1 Johnson’s Dictionary 中的summary 为例Having rented a garret he took on a number of _____, who stood at a long central desk.根据预测, 空格处应填复数名词, 再根据后面的定语从句, 再次精确到填表示人的复数名词. 很多考生回原文找到assistants. 的确, assistants s看似符合我们的预测, 但是却忽略了定语从句中的关键限制性的词组stood at a long desk. 所以根据这个限定, 回原文找到对应的the copying clerks would work standing up. 因此正确答案是copying clerks或clerks.再者, 根据顺序原则在空格前后找定位关键词回原文定位总的来说, 摘要填空题有一定的顺序原则, 即填空题的出题顺序往往是按照文章段落的顺序. 结合这一题型特点, 考生可以通过定位关键词回原文定位, 无需从头至尾的阅读完整篇文章.再以Cambridge 5 Test 1 Passage 1 Johnson’s Dictionary 中的summary 为例Johnson did not have a ____Q5______ available to him, but eventually produced definitions of in excess of 40,000 words written down in 80 large notebooks. On publication, the Dictionary was immediately hailed in many European countries as a landmark. According to his biographer, James Boswell, Johnson’s principal achievement was to bring___Q6_____ to the English language. As a reward for his hard work, he was granted a ___Q7____ by the king.Q5中根据特殊定位词40,000和80 ,直接回到原文锁定定位句, 然后通过预测判断出空格处所填的答案是一名词, 而且离空格较近的地方有表示否定的概念“did not have”, 因此找到数字定位词后看定位句中是否有提到Johnson 没有什么. 根据原文中的without a library to hand, 可以推断出所填的答案应是library.再看Q6, 这一题中的定位词很容易定位到人名James Boswell, 再加上另一个独特的名词principal achievement, 能帮助考生较快锁定到倒数第二段的最后一句“It is the cornerstone of Standard English, an achievement which, in James Boswell’s words, ‘conferred stability on the language of his country’.”然后根据语法属性的预测, 得知所填的空做bring 的宾语, 所以找到给英语语言带来什么就能迎刃而解了.即stability同理, 对于Q7, 根据独特定位词king回原文中锁定到最后一段第一句“…King George III to offer him a pension”. Offer与题中的grant 同义, 所以尽管语态的不一致, 但是句义一致. 答案应填offer 的宾语, 即pension.对于有的基础差的考生,要求掌握通过逻辑关系词去分析语义间的关系似乎是比较困难的一件事,因此定位词可能是他们解答题目的机会. 再辅助一些必备的语法知识去进行预测判断, 哪怕是不认识的单词或不理解的句子, 有时候也能帮这些考生找到正确的答案.单词选择式对于单词选择式的填空题来说, 考生需要从词库中选择符合题目要求的词, 而题库中有可能成为答案的词有两种情况: 1 是文章中的原词2. 是文章中原词的替换词第一种情况对考生来说更容易驾驭.考生只需按照上文中提到的解题策略, 回原文确定所应填写的词, 然后对应词库中的词得出选项.第二种情况, 考生可以先判断词库中的词为单一词性或多种词性, 如果为单一词性, 考生根据阅读理解文章原词的词义来寻找统一替换词如果是多种词性, 首先对词汇按照词性分类, 以便在确定空格内应填入的单词的词性后, 在检索时缩小范围, 提高做题准确率.以Cambridge 6 Test 2 The graying population stays in the pink 一文中The research establishes a link between levels of __Q20______ and life expectancy.A costB fallingC technologyD undernourishedE earlierF laterG disabled H more I increasingJ nutrition K education L constantM medicine N pollution O environmentP health Q independent根据观察词库可以得出该词库为多种词性的词库, 所以首先对词库进行大致的词性分类: 名词(cost, technology, nutrition, education, medicine, pollution, health), 动词( falling, increasing), 形容词(undernourished, disabled, constant, independent), 形容词的比较级(earlier, later, more). 通过观察Q20 所填的词性判断, 应填一名词. 定位关键词link, life expectancy, 回到原文找到与之同义转化的词组correlation, live longer. 从锁定的句子”one interesting correlation Manton uncovered is that better-educated people are likely to live longer.”中得出应填写的词与better-educated people 相关, 对应词库中education 符合所填的信息.总结在解答雅思阅读summary时, 逻辑关系词可以让考生较快找到答案的大致位置, 定位词可以有助于将大致方向缩小到一定范围, 而借助语法属性的预测分析能具体确定答案. 这三个关键信息是解答摘要题的支柱.当然, 在解题过程中也不能小觑同义转化的作用. 这些策略在解题中是相辅相成, 互相补充. 因此, 掌握这些策略对于考生较快又有效的解答摘要题是至关重要的.雅思阅读填空类的六大题型是雅思区别于传统英语考试的一个特色题型之一。