学术英语理工类第18篇摘要
学术英语理工类文献综述英文
学术英语学院名称：材料科学与工程学院学生姓名：***学号：**********专业班级：新能源材料与器件1312015年 6月16 日The current development of genetically modified crops ofChina and its safety issuesZhang Qingfei(College of materials science and engineering, Nanchang University, 10001) Abstracts:GM technology as a new, highly efficient genetically modified technology, already widely used in the cultivation of new varieties of field crops. China's transgenic technology started earlier, China's current GM technology level in the forefront of the world, especially made great achievements in the cultivation of new varieties of crops. In this paper, the status quo using gene transfer on Chinese agriculture and safety of transgenic technology are introduced, and the resolve of GM safety issues some thought. On this basis, I made some new ideas of transgenic technology and application of transgenic technology development prospects were discussed.Keywords: GM technology; GM crops; GM safety issues; ChinaIntroduction:As the core of the biotechnology giant leap .Transgenic technology is known as the second "green revolution." In 1983, the world's first strain of transgenic tobacco plants marks the arrival of the era of gene transfer plants. In the ensuing decades, genetically modified crops developed rapidly. In 2014, there are 28 countries in the world planted GM crops, the planting area has reached more than 180 million hectares, Chinese genetically modified crops planting area is 3.6 million hectares. With the widespread planting of genetically modified crops, the impact of transgenic technology in agriculture is growing. As the research of GM crops, China has made great achievements in the research of rice and cotton.The development of anything will not be smooth. With the development of GM technology, its security deposit issues also be exposed. The safety of genetically modified crops has been disputed by people, opponents argue that GM crops have great potential risk, it should be resisted. What is more, some people exaggerate the risk of genetically modified crops. Aroused people's fear of genetically modified. In this paper, the people of GM crops concerns, the status of the development of GM crops were elaborated. Besides, security problems of genetically modified crops and their solutions will be discussed.The current development of genetically modified crops in chinaGM refers to the Technology that use molecular biology method to transfer the artificial separation and some modified biological gene to other species and change the genetic characteristics of the species .Plant transgenic technology is the genetic transformation of plants, making plants to meet human needs in aspects of shape, nutrition and consumer quality.China's biotech crop improvement research began in the 1980s, during the past 30 years, Chinese agricultural and biological high-tech has been developing rapidly. At present, China's hybrid rice, cotton and other advanced in the world. GM technology Applied on cotton, rice and other crops on behalf of China's development status of GM crops.As a cotton producing countries, the industrialization of Chinese insect-resistant cotton has brought huge economic and ecological benefits to Chinesesociety. Since the 1990 s, China's major cotton producing areas often suffered insect outbreaks and the effect conventional control is poor. In 1994, under the impetus of the country, Bt gene was successfully imported into The main plant cotton species .China has become the second country with the independent development of insect-resistant cotton.In 1999, China began to commercial cultivation of cotton. In 2010, gm cotton planting and product in China reached 3.45 million hectares, accounting for 69% of the total cotton planting and product. The planting of insect-resistant cotton have effectively controlled the damage caused by the cotton bollworm .The insect-resistant cotton also reduced pesticide use, protect the farmland ecological environment.Cotton yield and growth of calendar year in China:China's research on genetically modified (gm) rice have got rich achievements. In August 17, 2009, the Ministry of Agriculture promulgated transgenic rice security certificate for the two anti-lepidopteran pests transgenic rice -----"Hua Hui 1" and "Bt Shan You 63" .In addition, China has produced the anti-amino phosphonic herbicide Bar gene rice lines, the new salt tolerance strains which represented by T22-77. Compared with ordinary rice, these transgenic rice has unmatched superior properties .It will bring huge economic benefits to Chinese farmers if these rice be planted on large-scale .For example, each 667m2 planting salt-tolerant transgenic rice can increase the income of 100 yuan. Transgenic rice can reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers, which is benefical to the environment.GM soy is the world's first commercialization, promotion and application of the fastest growing GM crops .Dates from Agropages shows that show in 2012 , global soybean acreage reached 107 million hectares, of which GM soybeans accounted for 79 percent (84.5 million hectares). As the world's first four major soybean producing countries, China is planting soybeans which are non-GMO soybeans. The transgenic soybean was still in the research stage, failed to achieve commercial GM soy production and large-scale demonstration.Analysis about safety issuesGM technology could efficiently improve crop yield, quality and resistance to meet growing human material needs. Transgenic technology is a double-edged sword, both its positive and beneficial side, also has its negative, the negative side, The biggest potential hazards of transgenic technology is the escape of target gene and gene pollution. With the genetically modified plants wide spread around the world ,the gene of interest may vary pollen spread to other species, or spread into the environment, which may causing unpredictable results. Canada's "superweeds" event and Mexican’s “corn genetic pollution” incident has sounded the alarm for us. Besides, certain genetic traits like instability of some transgenic plants are instability, transge nic plants’ good traits will become weaken over time. Another possibility is that some transgenic plants will produce some harmful variations which will endanger human health.Effects of transgenic expression products on humans is a problem that people are most concerned about. Some of the transgene expression product will make people allergic to. But for the most expression product we are lack of direct evidence to affirm their effects on human health and the environment.In order to verify the impact of Bt proteins on animal health. Since 1999, scientists feed white mouse with genetically modified food which containing the Bt protein for many years, the results showed that mice genetically modified agricultural products containing Bt protein is safe to the mouse. However, in the short-term animal feeding trials data can not prove the Bt protein is safe to us.Because human is the long-term consumer of rice. Recently, Canadian scientists discovered, Bt proteins can enter any place of the body. Even the in baby's umbilical cord blood were also found the Bt proteins. Therefore, this discovery had to let the people worried about the safety of transgenic Bt crops.Since the transgenic technology used gene beyond the conventional sexual hybridization gene scope, and for the problem that whether transgenic plants will affect human health and the environment or not we are also lack of systematic knowledge and experience .By the current level of science ,we can not be completely accurate prediction of the results of an outer genes in the new genetic background would cause.Currently, the safety evaluation of transgenic plants primarily relates to environmental safety and food safety aspects. The core issue of environmental safety assessment is after transgenic plants released into the field, whether it will evolve into weed, whether the genes will transfer to wild plants drift or not ; whether it will destroy the natural environment and break the original biological populations homeostasis ; whether it will destroy biodiversity, and so on. Ecological effects of GM crops may arise mainly in the gene flow, non-target effects, the target pest resistance evolution, etc.ConlusionFor security issues, by taking the right measures and scientific management system is able to solve these problems. We can improve the safety of transgenic plants from the following aspects:(1) Carrying out propagandas about genetically modified technical and transgenic plants.Cultivating people’s objectivity awareness of security issues to genetically modified(2) Improving the legal system transfer plant genes and their products;(3) The establishment of transgenic crop management technology system and risk assessment system; and(4) Using food processing technology to process raw materials of transgenic food, remove the transgene expression product that exist in the raw materials of transgenic food.In addition to cultivation of crops, we can also use transgenic technology to cultivate some asexual reproduction and non-food plants. This concept have two advantages .On the one hand, it is a good solution to the genes escape and genes pollution problems. Because the escape and contamination of genes mainly through plants’ pollen s, and asexual reproduction plants will not produce pollen. On the other hand, people do not worry about the transgene expression products will affect human health, because these transgenic plants is not food crops. Transgene expression products don’t enters the body. For example, we can cultivate forestry trees which with high resistance; foliage plants which can glowing; Aquatics which can absorb the harmful heavy metals in water and so on. These plants will bring great benefits to humanity. Prospects of transgenic technology is unlimited, as long as strengthen supervision and follow scientific methods, can be avoided completely turn the negative effects of human gene technology may bring.Reference:[1] Deng Xu, Wei Bin, Hu Zhang Li. Transgenic Chlamydomonas resistance to heavy metals and enrichment of cadmium ions. Biotechnology, 2007 ,17(6):66-68[2] Li Ligong ,Ye Weijun, Guo Longbiao. The research progress and commercialization of transgenic rice prospect analysis. Chinese Rice., 2012, 18(6):1-4[3] Wangren Xiang. The development and application of gm cotton in China. Crop Research , 2001 , Cotton Album:6-9[4] Yu Yongliang, Liang Huizhen, Wang Shufeng, Lian Yun, Wei Yanli, Wang Tingfeng. The research progress of transgenic soybeans and its industrialization in China. Soybean Science, 2010, 29, (1):143-148[5] Zhuyan Tao, Xu Hong, Guo Aiguang, Li Dianrong. Plant transgenic technology and contemporary social development. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2008, 24(4):509-522。
翻译学术论文摘要模版
翻译学术论文摘要模版翻译是沟通不同民族人民的思想，是探讨两种语言对应关系的一门学科。
这是店铺为大家整理的翻译学术论文摘要模版，仅供参考!翻译学术论文摘要模版篇一英语翻译探析【摘要】随着中国在经济、文化、科技等领域同国外交往的增多,特别是WTO实质化阶段的到来以及北京2008年奥运会的举办和上海2010年世界博览会的筹办,中国翻译产业正迎来一个黄金发展期。
英语翻译可看作一门科学,它有着自己的内在科学规律;英语翻译也可视为一门艺术,具有极为重要的作用,本文就英语翻译进行探析。
首先以倒译技巧和句子成份的转译技巧为例分析英译汉技巧。
其次,对英语翻译带来的思考提出了自己的建议和看法,具有一定的参考价值。
【关键词】英语翻译探析英译汉技巧1. 前言随着中国在经济、文化、科技等领域同国外交往的增多,特别是WTO实质化阶段的到来以及北京2008年奥运会的举办和上海2010年世界博览会的筹办,中国翻译产业正迎来一个黄金发展期。
近年来,翻译已经从原来的政府和事业单位、科研机构的工作发展成为专门职业。
翻译服务作为新兴的现代服务产业,正成为文化经济中仅次于教育行业的又一新兴产业。
我们以英译汉来进行探讨。
2. 英译汉技巧(1)主语分句汉译技巧。
A man spending twelve days on the moon would find ,on returning to the earth ,that a year had passed by already.一个人如果在月亮上度过了十二天,回到地球以后就会发现一年已经过去了。
(2)谓语分句汉译技巧。
It goes without saying that oxygen is the most active element in the atmosphere.不言而喻,氧气是大气中最活泼的元素。
(3)定语分句汉译技巧He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that wEighed up to two pounds each.他居然种出了二百个奇迹般的西红柿,每个重达两磅。
学术英语理工类 text15 Abstract
题目：转基因食物“能够养活世界吗”摘要：转基因食品在现代社会引起了一场激烈的争论，特别是在有悠久的农业生产传统和主张环保的游说集团的国家里。
事实上，转基因食品已经成为我们生活重要的一部分，转基因利用生物技术不仅可以提高把农业总产量提高25％，帮助防止作物收割后遭受损失，而且可以提高食物的营养价值，缓解世界的营养不良问题，利用生物技术还可以帮助提高因虫害、干旱、土壤贫瘠和作物病毒、细菌或真菌导致作物减产而出现食物匮乏的地区的农业生产率。
尽管具有这么多潜力，生物技术还远远不能解决全部问题，生物技术也无法克服在发展中国家分配粮食的难题，许多的转基因产品，通常过于昂贵无法到达最需要的地方，现在发展中国家正在进行越来越多的生物技术研究。
但是，为扩大遗传学研究对这些国家的粮食生产的影响，政府各部门(包括当地政府部门和发达国家的政府部门)与私营生物技术公司之间需要更好的合作。
主要单词：转基因食物，生物技术农业粮食发展中国家饥饿Abstract:Genetically modified food caused a fierce debate in the modern society, especially in long agrarian tradition and vocal green lobbies in the country。
In fact, genetically modified food has become very much a part of our lives, the transgenic biological technology can not only improve the total agricultural output increased by 25%, and help the losses prevent the crops after the harvest,but also can improve the nutritional value of the food, to alleviate malnutrition problem in the world, the use of biological technology can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attribution to pests, drought, poor soil and crop viruses, bacteria or fungi.Although it has so much potential, biological technology can not solve all the problems, biotech cannot overcome the challenge of distributing food in developing countries, many transgenic products may be too expensive not where it is most needed.Now More and more biotech research is being carried out in developing countries.But to increase the impact of genetic research on the food production of those countries, there is a need for better collaboration between government agencieskeywords : Genetically modified food、Agricultural、Biotechnology developing countries、food、 hunger.。
英文学术论文范文英文学术论文范文范例(优秀7篇)
英文学术论文范文英文学术论文范文范例（优秀7篇）推荐英文学术论文篇一会议相关事项：1、正式开会时间为：20某某年8月17-19日。
16日下午报到。
2、会议语言为中文和英文。
有同声翻译。
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推荐英文学术论文篇二，关于某某大学第三届研究生国际学术会议的通知为了进一步营造科学研究氛围，开拓研究生国际学术视野，搭建研究生展示科研成果的平台，提升研究生研究能力、学术水平和国际交流能力，定于20某某年11月18-20日举办某某大学第三届研究生国际学术会议。
现将有关事项通知如下：本次研究生国际学术会议由某某大学研究生院主办，国际教育学院等相关学院协办。
成立第三届研究生国际学术会议组织委员会负责具体组织工作。
组委会成员如下：组长：江驹副组长：刘丽琳范祥涛王亚彤成员：沈星黄金泉赖际舟刘少斌左敦稳汪涛葛红娟刘友文张卓李栗燕屈雅红刘长江于敏王箭秘书：张廷赟沈楠郑珺子20某某年11月18日-20日中国某某某某大学㈠征稿范围本次国际学术会议征稿对象为某某大学硕、博士研究生（含留学生）、国内其他高校硕、博士研究生（含留学生）、国外研究生。
㈡投稿时间国外研究生投稿时间为20某某年6月10日-8月31日国内研究生（含留学研究生）投稿时间为20某某年6月10日-10月1日。
㈢投稿要求1、本次学术会议论文投稿领域分航空宇航、机械、信息、材料、人文经管、其他共六大类。
论文要求为原创研究成果，论文内容不涉密、不涉及政治与宗教问题。
2、本次学术会议以研究生提交英文论文、大会英文发言交流形式参会。
所有未正式发表的论文均可投稿，长度不限。
㈣评审时间1、会议形式本次会议官方用语为英语，会议分大会交流和分组交流，组委会将选出不超过10篇论文参加大会英文发言交流，其余所有录用论文将在分会场进行交流发言。
理工科学生学术英语(EAP)需求分析——以西安市理工类高校为例
2018年26期总第414期高等教育研究ENGLISH ON CAMPUS理工科学生学术英语(EAP)需求分析——以西安市理工类高校为例文/刘丹【摘要】我国大学生的多种学术英语需求长期没有得到应有的重视。
本研究通过对西安几所高校的理工科学生进行问卷调查和访谈来了解该学生群体的学术英语需求。
结果表明，理工科学生最为需要的学术英语技能是阅读，其余依次为写作、听力和口语；词汇是学术英语学习中最困难的一项；同时发现EAP课程在西安地区高校并未广泛开展，学生对学术英语的概念仍较为模糊。
基于以上发现，本研究旨在对EAP课程的开展提出些建议。
【关键词】学术英语；需求分析；理工科学生【作者简介】刘丹(1994- )，西安交通大学在读研究生，研究方向：语言测试与评估。
一、引言学术英语课程是未来课程设置的一大趋势。
2016年最新版的《指南》中肯定了学术英语在大学英语教学中应有的地位，而理工类学科成果频出, 与国际交流的频繁，因此理工类学生经常会遇到EAP使用情境，良好的EAP技能对理工科学生，尤其是研究生和博士生必不可少的。
二、文献回顾随着高等教育国际化发展，专门用途英语教学(ESP)开始在大学发展。
ESP可分为学术英语(EAP)和职业英语(EVP)。
EAP课程开设的是以“需求分析”调查为前提。
国内已有类似的实证研究，如罗娜和陈春梅(2012)通过对某大学理工科硕士生导师进行访谈和问卷调查来了解该学生群体的学术英语需求。
喻志刚、付莉苹(2015)则对江苏省某重点大学理工科研究生的EA需求和课程进行调查。
三、研究问题西安地区理工类学生对学术英语的需求程度如何？他们在学习学术英语时存在的困难有哪些？四、研究方法1.问卷编制。
本研究问卷主要参考了Alexander，Argent ＆Spencer(2008 ) 对学术英语语言技能的描写和Evans和Green(2007)对学术英语学习难点的总结。
通过咨询专家，同行讨论和小规模试测，修改措辞和结构，最终的问卷包括三个部分：学生基本信息，EAP需求分析和学术英语具体难点调查。
英文摘要如何写
一、绪论 (1)要的类型与基本内容 (1)三、英文题名 (2)四、作者与作者单位的英译 (2)五、英文摘要 (2)英文摘要如何写一、绪论文章摘要是对所写文章主要内容的精炼概括。
美国人称摘要为“Abstract”,而英国人则喜欢称其为“Summary”。
通常国际刊物要求所要刊登的文章字数，包括摘要部分不超过1万字。
而对文章摘要部分的字数要求则更少。
因此，写摘要时，应用最为简练的语言来表达论文之精华。
论文摘要的重点应放在所研究的成果和结论上。
国际会议要求的论文摘要的字数不等，一般为200字-500字。
而国际刊物要求所刊登的论文摘要的字数通常是100字-200字。
摘要的位置一般放在一篇文章的最前面，内容上涵盖全文，并直接点明全旨。
语言上要求尽量简炼。
摘要通常多采用第三人称撰写。
科学书籍、论文和学术报告一般都附有内容摘要，这样可以节省读者的时间，使他们不必读完整个文章就能够了解它的主要内容。
书籍摘要，一般放在封二或封三；论文和学术报告的摘要，一般放在正文前面。
摘要应做到简明扼要，切题，能独立成文，使读者能准确地了解书籍的要义。
写摘要时，最好用第三人称的完整的陈述句，文长一般不超过200个词。
要的类型与基本内容英文摘要内容包含题名、摘要及关键词。
gb 7713—87规定，为了国际交流，科学技术报告、学位论文和学术论文应附有外文(多用英文）摘要。
原则上讲，以上中文摘要编写的注意事项都适用于英文摘要，但英语有其自己的表达方式、语言习惯，在撰写英文摘要时应特别注意。
摘要分陈述性的（Descriptive）和资料性的（Informational）两类。
陈述性摘要只说明论文、书籍或文章的主题，多半不介绍内容。
资料性的摘要除了介绍主题外，还应介绍文章的要点和各个要点的主要内容。
它可以包括三个组成部分①点明主题，解析文章或书籍的目的或意图；②介绍主要内容，使读者迅速了解文章或书籍的概貌；③提出结论或建议，以供读者参考。
学术英语(理工版)摘要(完整版)
Text1 How do computer hackers “get inside”a computerAbstract：Computer vulnerabilities are often utilized by hackers or crackers. The security of each computer is challenging. This paper firstly redefines the term “hacker”, “cracker” and “getting inside” the computers and describes the procedure in detail. The term “unauthorized user” (UU) will be a better choice for defining the insider group. The known and unknown vulnerabilities will be taken advantage of by UUs ranging from poor password protection to leaving a computer turned on and physically accessible to visitors in the office. The first step of employing technical exploits will be the determination of the specifications of the target system. There are two ways of attacking including being through capabilities inherent in hypertext transfer protocol (http) and being preprogrammed against specific vulnerabilities and launched without any specific target. The variability of hacking action including the weak system and the strong system warns the users to choose the right way to protect the computer and do not authorize the computer to others easily. Lastly, the solution of avoiding vulnerabilities has been given, including updating patches, making complex passwords, getting information only from the reliable websites or services, updatinganti-virus software and backing up the data to protect the computer not being hacked.摘要：计算机漏洞经常被黑客破解使用。
学术英语(理工类)_Unit1-2-3-4-5全539页
Unit 1 Choosing a Topic
1 Deciding on a topic
Topics
Global Warming Cancer
Your narrower subtopics
Questions
– Is the topic appropriate for a 1500-word essay? Why or why not?
1 a(n) symbolic (象征的) gesture of love 2 The publisher distribute (分发) the book in Asia. 3 A “ site ” (地点) is a place, and so a website. 4 a(n) complex (复杂的) network of systems 5 be used to identify (识别) potential terrorists 6 deal the matter with him physically (完全地) 7 start with a pretty straightforward (直截了当) question 8 beyond the capability (功能) of the computers 9 hit the target (目标) at a distance 10 the person never attempt (尝试) to do anything more 11 a highly sophisticated process (过程)
Text 1 How Do Computer Hackers “Get Inside” a Computer? Text 2 Electronic Threats of a Computer
学术英语写作(本科)智慧树知到答案章节测试2023年北京工业大学
第一章测试1.我不需要做研究，所以我不需要学习学术英语写作。
A:错B:对答案:A2.做旅游攻略的过程，就是一个简单的research过程。
A:错B:对答案:B3.et al就是 and others的意思。
A:对B:错答案:A4.下面哪些选项是学术英语写作的原因？A:To discuss a subject of common interest and give the writer’s view;B:To answer a question the writer has been given or chosen;C:To synthesize research done by others on a topic.D:To report on a piece of research the writer has conducted;答案:ABCD5.学术英语写作中的一般文本特征包括：A:sentenceB:headingC:sub-titleD:titleE:phraseF:paragraph答案:ABCDEF第二章测试1.在细化主题时，需要考虑你的写作目的是什么以及预期读者是谁。
A:对B:错答案:A2.My Most Embarrassing Moment是一个可以写的论文题目。
A:对B:错答案:B3.选题不一定是自己感兴趣的和好奇的。
A:错B:对答案:A4. 1. 在本章中，提到的四个写作技巧是：A:BrainstormingB:Work ScheduleC:Research LogD:Mental Inventory答案:ABCD5.计划书包含下面哪些内容？A:your topic and your thesisB:any special aspects of your projectC:the problems you anticipateD:the kinds of sources you plan to consult答案:ABCD第三章测试1.在进行互联网搜索时，需要注意的规则是：A:to remain your curiosity of the research topic.B:to remain focused on the research topic.C:to review the source, point of view, and completeness of all documents rela ted to the research topic.D:to resist the temptation to be distracted by unrelated sites.答案:BCD2.当你进行批判性阅读时，下面哪些是需要考虑的？A:Do I agree with the writer’s views?B:What are the key ideas in this?C:Does the evidence presented seem reliable, in my experience and using common sense?D:Does the author have any bias (leaning to one side or the other)?E:Are the examples given helpful? Would other examples be better?F:Does the argument of the writer develop logically, step by step?答案:ABCDEF3.浏览和搜索的结合可以帮助你认识到你的研究主题是否过于宽泛，需要缩小范围，并且和单独的浏览或者搜索相比，它更能找到更完整的相关资源。
理工类大学学术英语教材的出版策略——以《理工英语读写教程》为例
作者： 席芳媛[1]
作者机构： [1]上海理工大学外语学院
出版物刊名： 出版广角
页码： 83-85页
年卷期： 2021年 第13期
主题词： 《理工英语读写教程》;学术英语;出版价值;编写策略
摘要：《理工英语读写教程》充分体现了党和国家对教材出版的要求,紧紧围绕立德树人的根本任务,以新时代大学英语课程建设的发展要求和新工科背景下人才培养需求为导向,积极推进多元化出版形态.在教材编写上,《理工英语读写教程》结合理工科大学生的特点和学术英语的发展方向,分别从阅读材料的真实性、教材结构设计的独特性、突出篇章结构的分析及强调学术写作能力和学术规范四个方面构建编写策略,旨在全方位培养学生的学术素养,帮助学生了解国际学术研究的规则规范,用英语开展本专业的学习研究和学术交流.。
学术英语理工类Unit-1答案
1. Critical Reading Critical thinking (asking questions)
To identify the author’s motives or the purpose of writing, you can ask questions such as: •What is the theme / main argument of…? •Is the author trying to persuade readers or merely provide information? •Might the author have a hidden purpose? •What are the author’s presumptions and bias? •Does the author support one side of a controversy or appear impartial? •Does the author’s attitude lie implicit in the text?
It can allow the reader to duplicate the experiment if there is some doubt about your findings.
1. Critical Reading How to read research articles
4. What are the contents of the discussion section? It may evaluate the research results fully, point out what questions remain unanswered and perhaps suggest directions for further research.
学术英语理工类课后题答案
Reading: Text 11.Match the words with their definitions.1g 2a 3e 4b 5c 6d 7j 8f 9h 10i2. Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary.1 symbolic 2distributed 3site 4complex 5identify6fairly 7straightforward 8capability 9target 10attempt11process 12parameter 13interpretation 14technical15range 16exploit 17networking 18involve19 instance 20specification 21accompany 22predictable 23profile3. Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold.Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the expressions and the sentence patterns listed above.ranging from（从……到）arise from some misunderstandings（来自于对……误解）leaves a lot of problems unsolved（留下很多问题没有得到解决）opens a path for（打开了通道）requires a different frame of mind（需要有新的思想）4.Translate the following sentences from Text 1 into Chinese.1) 有些人声称黑客是那些超越知识疆界而不造成危害的好人（或即使造成危害，但并非故意而为），而“骇客”才是真正的坏人。
学术英语文献综述小作业
2015-2016学年第二学期学术英语(理工类)期中考试班级________ 学号_________姓名_________ 成绩_________A literature review on the safety assessment of genetically modified(GM) foodsIn recent years, Genetic engineerng benefit mankind in many fields like medical science, agriculture and animal husbandry, and food industry. There is an intense pubilc concern on the genetically modified foods to be distinguished for they are more and more common. GM foods are not dangerous as some reports showed, its safety assessment on mankind need further testing and elaboration to prove.Luo,YunBo(2014) showes that “the planting area of transgenic crops across the world is continunously increasing, the safety of transgenic food has become the consensus of authoritative institutions and mainstream scientific community.”MiRNA posibblely misunderstands people to think of potential impact on the safety of GM foods, it is unnecessary to worry about the safety standard and abuse. Transgenic technology is advanced technology of the world that not to be missed.But Om V. Singh holds different attitude, mankind should control the use of GM foods and build adequate framework to arisen risks. he thinks that it is necessary to monitor significant wild and weed population that might be affected by transgene escape and these should be compared with traditional generated agriculture.As they stand for different points, Dr.D.Amutha choose to be comprehensive.Up to now, there exist little reputable scientific evidence to suggest that GM foods are safe for human consumption and health. We agree that “Humannitarian use of GR will give both critics and advocates of GM foods the chance to work toward the goal of creating sustainable solutions for global nutritional concerns.”(Dr.D.Amutha 2013)For public, when compared with scholar,they may pay more attentions on the impacts that influence their life. Philip.J.Vergragt(2008) showed us “the controversies of GM foods have been worldwide, but most prominent in the European Union, for reasons that include distrust of the regulatory authorities, scientists and technocratic decision making without solving the underlying problems. ”In response to the criticisms, the European governments have attempted to improve the risk assessment methods and their scientific basis, and to tailor public policies to the growing demand for transparency, accountability, and public participation.People almostly are unfriendly to GM foods without knowing more.Luo,YunBo supports GM foods, Om V. Singh could be distrustful to GM foods, and Dr.D.Amutha is neutral. On my points, it’s impossible that all new findings succeed without sacrifice. Even though there is no exact proof of safety of GM foods, we should be comprehensive rather than rejecting.ReferenceLuo, Yunbo. He, Xiaoyun(2014). Overview of development of genetically modified crops industry in China. Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology v14,I8,p10-15Om V. Singh, Shivani Ghai, Debarati Paul, Rakesh K. Jain(2006).Genetically modified crops: success, safety assessment, and public concern. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 71 p:598–607Dr.D.Amutha Joseph(2013). Socio-economic challenges and risks of genetically modified foods. 《Ssrn Electronic Journal》P.J. Vergragt, H.S. Brown(2008). Genetic engineering in agriculture: New approaches for risk management through sustainability reporting. Technological Forecasting & Social Change 75 p:783–798。
学术英语蔡基刚理工类pdf
学术英语蔡基刚理工类pdf 引言概述：
学术英语对于理工类学生来说是一项重要的技能，它不仅可以帮助学生更好地理解和运用学术知识，还可以提高学生的学术写作和口语表达能力。
本文将以蔡基刚的学术英语教材为基础，详细阐述学术英语的重要性以及蔡基刚理工类pdf的优势。
正文内容：
1. 学术英语的重要性
1.1 提升学术写作能力：学术英语可以帮助学生掌握学术写作的技巧，如正确使用学术词汇、合理组织论述结构等，从而提高学生的论文质量和学术成果。
1.2 加强学术阅读能力：学术英语教材可以帮助学生培养阅读学术文献的能力，理解专业领域的前沿知识，从而更好地进行学术研究和创新。
1.3 提高口语表达能力：学术英语的学习过程中，学生将接触到大量的英语听说材料，通过模仿和练习，可以提高口语表达能力，更好地参与学术交流和学术会议。
2. 蔡基刚理工类pdf的优势
2.1 专业性强：蔡基刚的学术英语教材针对理工类学生，内容涵盖了各个学科领域的学术英语知识，如工程学、计算机科学等，能够满足学生的专业需求。
2.2 结构清晰：蔡基刚的教材采用了清晰的结构，将学术英语的基础知识和实践技巧有机地结合起来，使学生能够系统地学习和运用学术英语。
2.3 实用性强：蔡基刚的教材通过大量的例子和练习，帮助学生掌握学术英语的实际应用技巧，提高学生的学术写作和口语表达能力。
总结：
综上所述，学术英语对于理工类学生来说具有重要的意义。
蔡基刚的学术英语教材为理工类学生提供了一种有效的学习工具，它的专业性、结构清晰和实用性强，能够帮助学生提高学术写作和口语表达能力，进一步提升学术水平。
因此，学生可以通过使用蔡基刚理工类pdf来全面提升自己的学术英语能力。
学术英语(理工)翻译text18
Text18 吸食大麻对身体的影响介绍大麻是人类最古老，使用最广泛的药物之一。
自有医学史记载以来，它就被以各种方式被消费，而且，目前世界上有数以亿计的人在使用它。
许多出版物对它对使用者的短期影响给出了相当一致的看法，然而，关于最终的影响是有害的，无害的，还是对人类身体功能有益有着强烈的矛盾观点。
许多旧报道有许多的问题，例如带有偏见的抽样，缺乏对照组和使用未知效能的物质。
然而最新的科学文献提出了一个清晰的，有充分记录的案列。
为了评估一些研究，必须充分考虑几个因素。
第一方面是THC的剂量，THC是大麻的主要成分。
另一方面是使用大麻的人。
此外，在评估实验研究结果时，非药物因素必须考虑进去。
尽管它们对抽烟者有很大的影响，但是这些观点并不会被详细说明或讨论。
我们的研究可以分成两类：（a）开始使用，和（b）当使用者进入这种状态。
也可以根据对人类身体作用的程度来划分。
为了研究它们的物理效应而不是它们是如何产生的，本文提出了一个基于大麻效应的持续时间和强度的第三种分类方法。
因此，选择短期和长期的慢性影响来划分。
短期影响最一致的生理信号是脉搏的增加。
例如吸食14毫克剂量的THC立即就能导致高于平均水平的脉搏率。
伯克和赫恩顿发现的另一个症状是眼睛发红。
其他研究者支持这些发现，但是没有证据表明瞳孔会膨胀。
对呼吸率，肺活量或者基础代谢率的影响没有或很少被注意到。
其他的被频繁报道的一些症状是口干舌燥和尿频增加。
短期的生化效应也是一个重要的考虑因素。
在“大麻中毒”期间，增加了饥饿感尤其是对甜食的渴望的报道，让人们把注意力放到了血糖可能的改变上。
伯克的许多研究对象都经历了食欲刺激和普遍饥饿。
神经学实验在大麻中毒期间还没有发现主要异常。
肌肉强度和简单运动任务的表现确实受到了影响。
大麻吸食者经常报告说，听觉敏感性，视觉敏锐性和对音乐的鉴赏能力都增加了。
伯克将实验对象报告的短期影响分成两组：主要症状是恶心，呕吐和头晕；较不持久的症状是头痛，疲惫，感到虚弱，冒冷汗。
《学术英语(理工类)》课后题答案.docx
Reading: Text 11 .Match the words with their definitions.Ig2a 3e4b 5c 6d 7j 8f9h lOi2. Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the help of the Chinese in brackets ・ Change the form if necessary.3. Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold•Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets ・ You may refer to the expressions and the sentence patterns listed above ・ranging from （从 ... 至『）arise from some misunderstandings （来自 于对 .. 误解）leaves a lot of problems unsolved （留下很多问题没有得到解决）opens a path for （打开了 通道）requires a different frame of mind （需耍有新的思想）4. Translate the following sentences from Text 1 into Chinese.1） 有些人声称黑客是那些超越知识疆界而不造成危害的好人（或即使造成危害，但并非故 意而为），而“骇客''才是真正的坏人。
2） 这可以指获取计算机系统的存储内容，获得一个系统的处理能力，或捕获系统之间正在 交流的信息。
学术英语
2015-2016学年第二学期学术英语（理工类）期中考试班级：城规141 学号：6001214004姓名：黄琨成绩：Global WarmingNowadays,with the development of the world,global warming,which need to be solved rapidly, has become one of the most serious problem.As is well-known,with the development of economy,more and more greenhouse gases are being discharged into the air.CO2 makes up about 70% of the greenhouse gases,which is considered to be one of the greatest causes of global warming.People around the world may feel that the climate has been getting steadily warmer and warmer in recent years.Places which used to be abundant in snowfall have frequently experienced snow free winters. Drought lasts longer in some dry areas. People find that without air conditioners they could hardly work or fall asleep on hotter summer days.There are kinds of harmful effects caused by global warming:(1)A warmer global climate melts the ice caps, causing the sea level to rise and many natural disasters to strike.(2)What is more, it disturbs weather patterns, causing droughts, severe storms, hurricanes.(3)People suffer a lot from disasters relevant to global warming.It is urgent that immediate and effective actions should be taken right away.And we can take lots of actions to improve our environment.(1)First, more trees need to be planted to help improve and beautify the environmen t.(2)Secondly,stricter laws concerning global warming and irresponsible use of fuel res ources have to be put into effect and achieved good results.(3)Thirdly,we should use more clean energy and less coal and oil.(4)Besides,turn off an electrical appliance if it is not used. Walking, cycling, carpooling or using public transportation instead of using motor vehicles are all good ways to r educe the emission of carbon dioxide.In a word, there is a long way to go before we can take a comfortable world for grant ed again . To stop global warming we should make immediate and continual efforts. We hope the situation will soon change. Global warming catches and holds our concern, for it affects us and will affect our later generations. We cannot wait any longer.1)引用自《Nature》杂志《Greenhouse-gas emission targets for limiting global warming》，作者M Meinshausen，N Meinshausen，W Hare，SCB Raper，K Frieler。
学术英语综合教程理工类孙丽秀答案
学术英语综合教程理工类孙丽秀答案1、A small village cuts across the river. [单选题] *A. 切B. 穿过(正确答案)C. 划船D. 踢2、61．How is online shopping changing our way? ? ? ? ? ? life? [单选题] *A．of(正确答案)B．inC．onD．for3、John suggest _____ anything about it until they found out more facts. [单选题] *A not to sayB. not sayC to say notD not saying(正确答案)4、You can ask（）is on duty there tonight. [单选题] *A. WhatB. whomC. whoever(正确答案)D. whomever5、You wouldn' t have caught such ____ bad cold if you hadn' t been caught in ____?rain. [单选题] *A. a, /B. a, aC. a,the(正确答案)D. /, /6、If the trousers are too long, ask the clerk to bring you a shorter _____. [单选题] *A. suitB.setC.oneD.pair(正确答案)7、Will you please say it again? I _______ you. [单选题] *A. didn’t hear(正确答案)B. don’t heardC. didn’t heardD. don’t hear8、--How is your friend coming?--I’m not sure. He _______ drive here. [单选题] *A. may(正确答案)B. canC. mustD. will9、The teachers don't make us wear a school uniform and we can wear _____ we like. [单选题] *A. anyB. thatC. asD. what(正确答案)10、As I know, his salary as a doctor is much higher_____. [单选题] *A. than that of a teacher(正确答案)B. than a teacherC. to that of a teacherD. to a teacher11、26．—Mary, is this your pen?—No, it isn't. ________ is black. [单选题] *A．MyB．IC．MeD．Mine(正确答案)12、( ) Do you have any difficulty _____ these flowers？I’d like to help you if you need.[单选题] *A in planting(正确答案)B for plantingC with plantingD to plant13、He _______ getting up early. [单选题] *A. used toB. is used to(正确答案)C. is usedD. is used for14、Amy and her best friend often ______ books together.（）[单选题] *A. read(正确答案)B. readsC. is readingD. to read15、A lot of students in our school were born _______ March, 1 [单选题] *A. in(正确答案)B. atC. onD. since16、—What ______ your sister ______ this Saturday?—Something special, because it’s her birthday. （）[单选题] *A. are; going to doB. is; going to do(正确答案)C. does; doD. did do17、_______ travelers come to visit our city every year. [单选题] *A. Hundred ofB. Hundreds of(正确答案)C. Five HundredsD. Five hundred?of18、86．—? ? ? ? ? ? ?will it take me to get to the Golden Street?—About half an hour. [单选题]* A．How farB．How long(正确答案)C．How oftenD．How much19、She passed me in the street, but took no（）of me. [单选题] *Attention (正确答案)B. watchC. careD. notice20、He has made a lot of films, but ____ good ones. [单选题] *A. anyB. someC. few(正确答案)D. many21、33．Will Mary's mother ______ this afternoon? [单选题] *A．goes to see a filmB．go to the filmC．see a film(正确答案)D．goes to the film22、Customers see location as the first factor when_____a decision about buying a house. [单选题] *A.makeB.to makeC.making(正确答案)D.made23、These oranges look nice, but _______ very sour. [单选题] *A. feelB. taste(正确答案)C. soundD. look24、You must pay more attention to your pronunciation. [单选题] *A. 词汇B. 拼写C. 发音(正确答案)D. 语法25、We had a(an)_____with him about this problem last night. [单选题] *A.explanationB.impressionC.exhibitionD.discussion(正确答案)26、--Whose _______ are these?? ? ? --I think they are John·s. [单选题] *A. keyB. keyesC. keys(正确答案)D. keies27、We’re proud that China _______ stronger and stronger these years. [单选题] *A. will becomeB. becameC. is becoming(正确答案)D. was becoming28、He either watches TV _______ reads books in the evening. [单选题] *A. or(正确答案)B. andC. toD. so29、My home is about _______ away from the school. [单选题] *A. three hundred metreB. three hundreds metresC. three hundred metres(正确答案)D. three hundreds metre30、_____, Martin can reach the branch of that tall tree at the gate. [单选题] *A. As a short manB. Being shortC. As he is shortD. Short as he is(正确答案)。
山东科技大学学术英语理工类第二版-习题-期末复习题库-句子改写2021-12-22-彩色
山东科技大学《学术英语(1)》研究生期末复习题库2021.12Until 1The answer betrays a lack of understanding that disintegration of a radioactive atom involves the creation of a new nucleus.The answer reveals that the respondents fail to understand that a new nucleus will be produced when a radioactive atom is broken.答案暴露了对放射性原子的解体涉及新核的产生的缺乏了解。
答案显示，受访者未能理解放射性原子破碎时会产生新的原子核。
In the constructivist approach to learning, the learner’s ideas and conceptions prior to instruction are seen as important prerequisites for learning.According to the view of constructivists, a person's ideas will survive school education and form an important basis for new learning.在建构主义学习方法中，学习者在教学之前的想法和概念被视为学习的重要先决条件。
按照建构主义者的观点，一个人的思想将在学校教育中生存下来，成为新学习的重要基础。
The way out of this impasse may lie in taking the lay conceptions into account and increasing the integration between factual information and practical / political considerationThe solution is to consider lay ideas and combine factual knowledge with practical or political factors.摆脱这种僵局的出路可能在于考虑世俗的概念并增加事实信息与实际/政治考虑之间的整合解决方案是考虑世俗的想法，将事实知识与实际或政治因素结合起来。
学术英语理工第一篇课文摘要
Computer vulnerabilities are often utilized by hackers or crackers. The security of each computer is challenging.The text mainly focuses on methods hackers attack computers.Initially,the author redefines the term “hacker””cracker”and ”getting inside”a computer.The term “unauthorized user”(UU) will be a better choice for defining the insider group.Known and unknown vulnerabilities will be taken advantage of by UUs ranging from terrible password protection to keeping a computer on,which can be accessible to others in the office.The author then compares two kinds of target systems--strongly protected and weakly protected .For the former ones,a UU should employ low-technology attacks.For the latter ones,a UU can use technical exploits where specifications of the target system must be firstly determined.Additionally,the text introduces two types of attacks--one that a UU makes sure the configuration of a target system through capabilities involved in hypertext transfer protocol(http) and one that is launched without any certain target by preprogramming against specific weakness.Realizing that if the UU’s motivations change the end goal of unauthorized access also varies is significant.At last,the author gives us suggestions to protect computers against attacks,including updating patches,making complicated password,getting a hardware firewall to get information only from websites you need,updating anti-virus software and backing up data.。
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Whether Marijuana will ultimately harm or benefit human functioning has aroused contradictory opinions.This text empirically estimates the physical effects of marijuana use.The study is divided into two parts---short-term and long-term effects.The first part introduces effects at the beginning of use.The most common sign is a increase of pulse rate and reddening of the eyes.Other biochemical effects such as increased hunger,affected muscle strength are also a significant consideration.Short-term effects can be classified into two groups--enduring ones like nausea,vomiting and less enduring ones like headaches ,exhaustion.According to researches,the physical effects of Cannabis depend upon the experience which an individual has with it.The second part discusses long-term effects when a user is into the situation.Recent experiments performed on long-term “pot”smokers show that body’s production of DNA is interfered greatly.Researchers also founded out that a great majority of marijuana users develop an increase in chromosome breaks significantly.Furthermore,men smoking too often have a lower level of male sex hormone than nonsmokers,which lowers sperm counts.Owing to all kinds of elements such as sanitation, climate ,drug dose level,it would be easier for marijuana to cause disorders which aren’t attributed to it .All in all,the text concludes that there are still much to be learned about physical effects of Cannabis.。