主谓宾宾补结构

一．英语的五种基本句型结构：

①S 十V 主谓结构He runs quickly．他跑得快。

②S 十V 十P 主系表结构The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。

③S 十V 十O 主谓宾结构They built a house last year．他们去年建了一所房子。

④S 十V 十O1十O2主谓双宾结构He offered me his seat/ his seat to me．他把座位让给我。

⑤S 十V 十O 十 C 主谓宾宾补结构

They found her happy that day．他们发现那天她很高兴。

I found him out．我发现他出去了。

They named the boy Charlie．他们给这个男孩起名为查理。

I saw him come in and go out．我见他进来又出去。

They felt the car moving fast．他们感到汽车行驶得很快。

He found the door of study closed to him．他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。

说明：

S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语

二．宾语补足语：

1、定义：The object complement gives more information about the object.顾名思义，宾补是补充说明宾语，使句子意义完整的句子成分。

2、使用场合：Verb + object + object complement

3、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：

(1). 名词：

We made him our monitor.

They thought this good advice.

They named their daughter Jenny.

注：充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词。

They elected John chairman of the committee.

(2). 形容词：

You should keep your room clean and tidy.

We’d better leave the door open.

We found the ruins most interesting.

(3). 介词短语

He left his bag in the office.

We found ourselves in the middle of a desert.

(4). 副词

He opened the window to let the fresh air in.

I saw him out with his father the day before yesterday.

(5). 现在分词：

I’m sorry to have you waiting for so long.

I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face.

At this moment she noticed the teacher coming in.

(6). 过去分词：

When he wake up, he found himself tied to a tree.

He raised his voice to make himself heard.

I had my watch repaired yesterday.

(7). 不定式或省略to 的不定式

My mother allowed me to play games for a while.

Can you make your car park over there?

注：(1).使用不定式作宾语补足语时，五看（see, watch, notice, observe, look at）三使（make, let, have）两听（listen to, hear）一感觉（feel）后接省略to 的不定式

(2).help 一词后的不定式，可带to，也可以不带to。

4、在复合宾语中，宾语通常为名词或代词，但有时也可以用不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或that从句来充当。一般情况下，宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。值得注意的是：think, find, consider, feel, make, take等动词应使用先行it代替宾语，it后面应接宾补，而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部

I felt it necessary to speak about our shortcomings.

I think it very important to attend this meeting.

We all thought it a pity that you couldn’t join us.

注意：在这种结构中，宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词；常用于这种结构的动词有：feel, find, think, make, take, judge, consider 等。

【小结】

1、宾语补足语是补充宾语的成分，通常置于宾语之后。宾语+宾语补足语=>复合宾语。

2、可以用作宾补的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词。

3、能带宾补的动词一定是及物动词。

4、主动语态句子中的宾语在被动语态句子中是主语，相应的宾补就成为主补。

常跟宾语补足语的动词：

第一类, 感官动词, 所接的宾补可以是不带to的动词不定式，也可以是现在分词或过去分词。

feel, hear, listen to, notice, observe, see, watch, look at

I saw him cross/crossing the road. => He was seen___________/ ____________ the road. 但句子变为被动语态时，不定式的to要还原。

第二类, 使役动词，所接的宾补多为动词不定式或过去分词。如：let, have, get, make, would like, want等。

This makes people know the importance of protecting the environment.

If you are back, will you please make yourself known to me?