初中定语从句讲解及练习

初中定语从句讲解及练习

定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.

2) You must do everything that I do.

上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。

引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why

关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分

二、关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who指人，在从句中做主语

(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.

注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)

(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)

4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。

在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

(5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)

(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)

5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语

(1) he has a friend whose father is a doctor.

(2) i once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替

(3) the classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

(4) the classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

(5) do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

(6) do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

三、关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导

(1) the school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.

(2) the school in which he once studied is very famous.

(3) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.

(4) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine for which you asked.

(5) we'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.

(6) we'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.

注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等

(1) this is the watch which/that i am looking for. (t)

(2) this is the watch for which i am looking. (f)

2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；

(1) the man with whom you talked is my friend. (t)

(2) the man who/that you talked with is my friend. (f)

(3) the plane in which we flew to canada is very comfortable. (t)

(4) the plane in that we flew in to canada is very comfortable. (f)

3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词

(1) he loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.

(2) in the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.

(3) there are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.

解答"介词+关系代词"类型的定语从句题时，关键在于分析定语从句中的谓语动词（该动词是不及物动词）习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。这就需要同学们在平时学习时要注重某些不及物动词和介词惯用的情形，并要灵活运用。例如：

in the dark street, there wasn't a single person ________ she could turn for help.

a. that

b. who

c. from whom

d. to whom

简析:本题定语从句中的turn 与介词to 构成固定短语"turn to sb. for help (向某人求助）"。所以，d是正确选项。

定语从句练习

练习(一)

请分析一下定语从句：( 请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)

1. Check the ways you study for an English test.

2. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar.

3. You couldn’t understan d people who talked fast.

4. I have some ideas that may help.

5. They said something you didn’t like.

二、用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who、whom 、whose

1. This is the man ________ wants to see you.

2. The student ___________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.

3. The man __________ you went to see has come.

4. The man ___________I met yesterday lent me some money.

8. The man ___________was passing by saw what happened.

9. Here is the pen _________ you lost the day before yesterday.

10. These books _____________ you lent me were very useful.

三、单项选择

( ) 1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing.

A. who

B. which

C. whom

D. whose

( ) 2 I like the house_____ windows face south.

A. whose

B. who’s

C. it's

D. its

( ) 3 He was the only person in his office______ was invited.

A. whom

B. whose

C. that

D. which

( ) 4. This is the museum______ we visited last year.

A. where

B. in which

C. which

D. in that

( )5. Charlie told his mother all____ had happened.