制药工程专业英语--1单元

制药工程专业英语--1单元

Unit 1

1.Depending on their production or origin pharmaceutical agents can be split

into three groups: Totally synthetic material (synthetics) Natural

products ,and Product from partial syntheses (semi-synthetic products)

依据其生产或来源，药物制剂可以分为三类：I.完全的合成材料（人工合成材料），II.天然产物，和III.源自部分合成的产品（半合成产品）。

2.The emphasis of the present book is on the most important compounds

of groups I and III-thus Drug synthesis.

翻译：所以本书的重点是I和III部分的药物合成。

本书的重点是在于Ⅰ和Ⅲ类中最重要的化合物——药物合成。

3.This does not mean, however , that natural products or other agents are

less important.

然而这并不意味着，天然产物和其他试剂不重要。

4.they can serve as valuable lead structures, and they are f

requently needed as starting materials or as intermediates fo r important synthetic products.

它们可以作为有价值的先导结构，他们常常作为重要的合成产品的起始原料或中间体产品。

5：Table1gives an overview of the different methods for obtaining pharmaceutical agents.

表1列出了获取药物制剂的不同方法的概述。

6. Several therapeutically significant natural products which were originally obtained from natural sources are today more effectively -i.e. more economically -prepared by total synthesis.

最初从天然资源库获得的几个重要治疗作用的天然产品，今天可以通过全合成更有效地，即更经济地被制备出来。

7.Such example include L-amino acids, Chloramphenicol , Caffeine, Dopamine, Epinephrine, Levodopa, peptide hormorres, Prostaglandins,

D-Penicillamine, Vincamine, and practically all vitamins.

这样的例子包括L-氨基酸、氯霉素、咖啡因、多巴胺、肾上腺素、左旋多巴、肽类激素、前列腺素、D -青霉胺、长春胺，以及几乎所有的维生素。

8.Over the last few years fermentation–i.e. microbiological processes–has become extremely important.

在过去的几年里，发酵，即微生物过程，变得极其重要。

9.through modern technology and results from genetic selection leading to the creation of high performance mutants of microorganisms, fermentation has already become the method of choice for a wide range of substances.

通过现代技术和基因选择导致的微生物的高性能突异变种的结果，发酵已成为选择宽范围物质的方法。

10.Both Eukaryonts(yeasts and moulds) and Prokaryonts(singl

e bacterial cells,and actinomycetes) are used as microorganisms.

真核细胞（酵母菌和霉菌）和原核细胞（单细胞细菌，放线菌）都可用作微生物。

11.The following product types can be obtained: 1. cell material(single cell protein)，2. enzymes，3. primary degradation products(primary metabolites)

翻译：下列产品类型可以得到：

1。细胞的物质（单细胞蛋白），2。酶，3。初级降解产物（初级代谢物），4。二级降解产物（次生代谢物）。

12:Disregarding the production of dextran from the mucous mem branes of certain microorganisms e.g. Leuconostoc mesenteroides cl ass2and3are the relevant ones for the preparation of dru gs.

尽管从诸如肠膜状明串球菌的某些微生物的黏膜可以生产葡萄聚糖，但第2和3类产品类型只与药品生产的有关。

13．Dextran itself , with a molecular weight of50,000~100,000, is used as a blood plasma substitute.

葡聚糖自身的分子量5万〜10万，可用作血浆代用品。

14.Among the primary metabolites the L-amino acids from muta nts of Corynebacterium glutamicum and Brevibacterium flavum ar e especially interesting.

而来自谷氨酸棒杆菌和黄色短杆菌突变体的初级代谢产物中，L-氨基酸尤其令人感兴趣。

15.From these organisms some350000tones of monosodium L-glutamate(food