外文翻译---汽车防撞雷达系统
防撞系统英文
The introduce of the automobile anti-collision control systemThe accident of automobile rear-end collision has taken place frequently in recent years,and rear-end collision warning system has good use in improving expressway traffic safety,so the warning system has been paid more attention in the world. The vehicle collision avoidance alarm apparatus system was introdued according to the ultrasonic measurement distance’s system . Th e system can automaticanlly xeamine the distance between the back and the nearest obstacle ( or the distance among cars ) whicwould be demonstarted through LED that when it arrives the limit distance ,the system can send out the warning and reminds the driver for preventing the vehicle colliding . The experimental results showed that,the system illustrates a good prospect of application and xetension highways, streets, parking, garage and other crowded places narrow reverse, the driver should not only forward but also looking back, a little rear-end careless accidents can occur. According to related statistics, 15% of motor vehicle collisions when the vehicle is reversing, as the capacity of the latter caused by bad.So after the increase of motor vehicles as the ability to detect obstacles on the development of the rear of the car reversing radar has become the research hotspot in recent years. Security to avoid obstacles on the premise that the rapid and accurate measurement of obstructions and the distance between motor vehicles. To this end, the design of a single-chip microcomputer as the core, the use of ultrasonic ranging to achieve non-contact reversing radar system. Generally refers to ultrasonic frequencies above 20 kHz mechanical waves, with penetrating, and attenuation of small, reflecting the ability and so on. Work, the ultrasonic transmitter continuously emits a series of consecutive pulses to the measurement of logic circuits to provide a short pulse. Finally, signal processing devices based on the received signal for processing the time difference, automatic calculation of turnout and the distance between obstacles. Ultrasonic Ranging simple, low cost, easy production, but the transmission speed by a larger weather can not be precise range; In addition, the ultrasonic energy and the attenuation is directly proportional to the square of the distance, the farther the distance, the lower sensitivity and thus Ultrasonic Ranging way so that only apply to a shorter distance. At present, ultrasonic range finder at home and abroad in general, the ideal distance of the measurement 4 ~ 5 m, thusreversing radar are used in cars, such as close range in this paper, according to the spread of sound waves in air reflection to ultrasonic transducer interface components, based on MCU AT89C51 ultrasonic range-finder. Designed by the ultrasonic transmitter module, receiver module, single-chip processing module, a digital display and alarm sound and light display module,such as parts, the text in detail the range of hardware devices, detection theory, methods and software architecture.In one aspect the present invention broadly resides in a self-propelled robotic vehicle responsive to a radio frequency signal from a transmitter means including a vehicle frame means; at least two spaced apart receiver means adapted to receive the signal from the transmitter means; a processor operatively associated with the receiver means, said processor is programmed to process input from the at least two spaced apart receiver means to locate the position of the transmitter means and produce an electrical signal for the vehicle to move relative to the transmitter means in accordance with the processor programming; and drive means supported on the vehicle frame means and adapted to receive and act on the electrical signal sent from the processor to move the vehicle in accordance with the processor programming.In a further aspect the present invention broadly resides in a system for a self- propelled robotic vehicle including transmitter means able to transmit a radio frequency signal; a self-propelled vehicle including a vehicle frame means; at least two spaced apart receiver means adapted to receive the signal from the transmitter means; a processor operatively associated with the receiver means, said processor is programmed to process input from the at least two spaced apart receivers to locate the position of the transmitter means and produce an electrical signal for the vehicle to move relative to the transmitter means in accordance with the processor programming; and drive means supported on the vehicle frame means and adapted to receive and act on the electrical signal sent from the processor to move the vehicle in accordance with the processor programming.The receiver means preferably includes two spaced apart antennas with each operatively linked to a receiver. The receivers are preferably Super Heterodyne typeor Near Zero IF type. The antennas are preferably spaced apart at a distance from each other. More preferably, the antennas are 25cm or more spaced apart from each other.The two spaced apart antennas are preferably operatively connected to enable the processor to process the signal inputs to determine the location of the transmitter. The receiving antennas are preferably arranged with one antenna peak tuned and the other is dip tuned so that they are 90 degrees out of phase. The processor preferably can combine the two signals for a summed RSSI reading and measure a phase shift to determine the position of the transmitter means.Preferably the antennas have resonator coils that enable them to be dynamically tuned. With tuning the antenna, the predefined frequency is preferably set by varying the capacitance of the coil by the voltage to peak tune the antenna to the definedfrequency.The transmitter means is preferably a transponder that transmits a signal but not receive a signal. The transmitter means is preferably portable. Alternately transmitter means may be a transponder which is activated on receiving a radio frequency signal from the vehicle and transmits a location signal back to the vehicle. Preferably the transponder is wearable and has a frequency between 200Khz to 8 Ghertz. More preferably the transponder has a frequency between 300 Khz and 500 Khz.The transponder preferably has a plurality of capacitors so that the transponder antenna can be dynamically tuned and shifted in 5 KHz increments to form 5 KHz channels. The signal is carrier modulated by frequency shift keying (FSK) where the keying rate is 300 Htz and the frequency shift is +/- 1 Khz either side of the carrier forming a 300Htz tone.The radio frequency signal is preferably a suitable frequency to enable identification of the vehicle and activation of the vehicle to move in accordance with the processor programming. The radio frequency signals are preferably arranged in channels. The signal processing is preferably able to identify separate transmitter channels and negate any adjacent channel interference.Within the defined range of the radio frequency signals, the number of vehicles responding to transponder specific signals within an area may be increased by one or more methods including random transmission cycle for the transponders where the transmissions are coded so that they can be decoded and used by the corresponding vehicle. Alternately the frequency from the transponder may be modulated at a FSK keying rate of 500Htz with +/- 1 Khz frequency shift so that the receivers can identify their corresponding transponder. Furthermore the transponder preferably has a random number generator which is used to trigger transmit time so that transmissions are not synchronized to avoid the situation where multiple simultaneous transmissions are received by a receiver.。
汽车雷达防撞
一．汽车防撞系统的定义及组成。
CCAS就是「Car Collision Avoidance System 」的简称，即为「汽车防撞系统」。
防撞雷达装置即汽车防撞系统，是防止汽车发生碰撞的一种智能装置。
它能够自动发现可能与汽车发生碰撞的车辆、行人、或其它障碍物体，发出警报或同时采取制动或规避等措施，以避免碰撞的发生。
防撞雷达装置主要由三个部分组成：（1）信号采集系统：采用雷达、激光、声纳等技术自动测出本车速度、前车速度以及两车之间的距离；（2）数据处理系统：计算机芯片对两车距离以及两车的瞬时相对速度进行处理后，判断两车的安全距离，如果两车车距小于安全距离，数据处理系统就会发出指令；（3）执行机构：负责实施数据处理系统发来的指令，发出警报，提醒司机刹车，如司机没有执行指令，执行机构将采取措施，比如关闭车窗、调整座椅位置、锁死方向盘、自动刹车等；防撞雷达装置高集成化、高智能化、高适应性：集声、光、电、机多方面的高科技组合。
智能化的处理器，识别处理指令速度远远高于人脑的最快反映速度。
适用于各种类型汽车的安装。
由于车祸事件日驱严重，所以近年来各国(尤以欧洲为主)，都在致力发展CCAS，但由于其成本高昂而未得到广泛的应用。
二．DSP（Digital Signal Processing）的介绍DSP是一种价格低廉但性能高的芯片,将接受到的讯号(从雷达那)转成数字讯给计算机,让计算机做距离等的运算判断,别于现在市面上的倒车雷达,它必须精密计算,并且自动煞车,此芯片也正朝自动驾驶迈进!DSP是微处理器的一种。
这种微处理器具有极高的处理速度。
DSP的出现使得极大的推动了汽车防撞雷达技术研究，使汽车防撞雷达系统在普通汽车中的实现和普及成为可能。
三．汽车防撞的几种探测方式目前汽车防撞系统按目标探测方式主要有激光、超声波、红外等一些测量方法，不同的目标探测方式其工作过程和原理有不同之处，但它们的主要目的都是通过前方返回的探测信息判断前方车辆和本车间的相对距离，并根据两车间的危险性程度做出相应的预防措施。
汽车防装报警系统设英文文献翻译
毕业设计附件材料学生姓名：***学号：******所在系部：电气与电子工程学院专业班级：自动化专业（03）班指导老师：***日期：2013年6月目录1 英文文献翻译 (3)1.1英文文献原文题目 (3)1.2中文翻译 (10)2 专业阅读书目 (14)2.1 《毫米波雷达及其应用(精)》 (14)1 英文文献翻译1.1英文文献原文题目Increases massively along with the automobile, on the road the stream of vehicles rest, does not make the road traffic accident year to increase large scale by the , causes the massive personnel casualty and the property damage. News which according to Chinese male peaceful on January 14, 2005 issued: China altogether sent in 2004 to live the traffic accident 567, 753, caused 99, 217 dead, 451, 810 people the wound, the immediate goods are lost 27. 7 hundred million Yuan. Traffic accident's primary cause exercises after over speed , occupies the magical skill causes, the liquor drives, weary driving and so on. But collides is the traffic accident main manifestation, majority is the vehicle - vehicle collision and the person - vehicle collision. may affirm, along with our country automobile inventory and productivity swift growth, high speed road and first-class highway course fast extending, if does not enlarge road service peaceful the entire control, the traffic safety accident will increase massively, causes more casualties and economical the loss. the expert indicated to the road service accident's analysis result, in occurs junction passes in the accident, some 80% are because the pilot responds not promptly, does not handle, when makes to become. And some 65% accident are the automobile follows the collision to create, other belong lean the surface collision, to scratch hang the result. Therefore, Germany Mercedes-Benz Company's experts, in hands over after each kind to pass the accident to carry on the system research analysis obtains: If the pilot can before the accident has to shift to an earlier time 1 second consciousness to attend a meeting to have the traffic accident to occur, and has adopted corresponding the true measure, then the overwhelming majority accidentpossibly avoids. the automobile anti-collision early warning system to enhances the automobile travel security to be very important. Year starts from the 1971, domestic and foreign presented the ultrasonic wave, the radar, the laser, the machine to regard one after another to think, infrared as well as interactive and so on anti-collision early warning system's research or the product. This article to each kind of anti-collision aspects and so on early warning system's principle, characteristic, flaw will carry on the analysis, and proposes the automobile anti-collision early warning system's development direction. The automobile anti-collision early warning system is in the automobile travel process, as well as about the direction danger carries on the examination to automobile's around, in the automobile and the danger has in the collision danger situation, carries on the acousto-optic warning, prompts pilot dangerous thing the direction as well as the degree of hazard, with the aim of letting the pilot take the corresponding measure, avoids following the collision and the side hangs and so on traffic accident's occurrences. Automobile anti-collision early warning system general by the information acquisition, the information processing, the information judgment, the early warning information and so on four groups to become. The information acquisition present stage's technology has the ultrasonic wave, the radar, the laser, the machine vision,infrared as well as interactive, through these technical gathering automobile travel process in all around information; The information processing part is mainly carries on the processing analysis to the gathering information, sentences to break in the automobile travel process whether all around to have the danger, commonly used monolithic integrated circuit, ARM, microprocessors and so on DSP, even uses the multi-CPU special purpose computer to process; Information the judgment is according to this vehicle vehicle type, the weather, time as well as this vehicle and danger distanceto, information and so on relative velocity, relative acceleration, through the information fusion technology, real-time carries on the dangerous or the secure state dynamic identification; When the early warning information part mainly refers to information the identification for the danger, this part carries on the dangerous rank judgment, the dangerous direction as well as should a cousto-optic warning. As a result of the different information acquisition technology, its corresponding automobile against hits the early warning system to be different, below to each kind of anti-collision early warning system's principle, the characteristic, lacks to fall and so on aspects to carry on the analysis. After radar truck anti-collision early warning system use electromagnetic wave launch, meets obstacle the reflection the echo to examine and the computation unceasingly to it with the front or rear area the obstacle to the speed and the distance, undergoes the analysis judgment, with does not carry on the warning to present hazards' goal according to degree . This system by the dual-mode antenna, the directional coupler, the mixer, frequency modulation the oscillator and the processing unit is composed. When the transmitter uses microwave frequency modulated continuous wave system , in the vehicles march forward, the radar pencil beam launches the frequency modulated continuous wave signal forward, when the transmitting message meets the goal, is reflected for the identical antenna receive, after mixing enlargement processing, between the available its pulsation signal the difference expressed that the radar and goal distance leaves, may obtain the distance the corresponding signal impulse after the microprocessor processing computation to count the value, again according to the slip frequency signal difference and the relative velocity relations, calculates the goal the relative velocity which reaches to thunder , the microprocessor above two physical quantity substitution dangerous time letter counts thematrix, then figures out the dangerous time. radar sounding stable property, not easily object surface shape and color shade sound. The environment adaptation performance is good, is been big the weather effect, it has the measuring time to be short, the measuring range big (may achieve above 10km), the precision higher merit. But periphery the vehicles, the obstacle can have the electromagnetic wave disturbance to it, between trailer-mounted radar each other also has the disturbance. This system is huge, the construction cost is expensive. On the high speed road, the isolation strip and the road two side metal has limited this system's application to a great extent.Since the early 80s, many of the world famous universities and research institutions to And the United States more than 300 companies (including IBM and other computer companies) are put into research Study. Such as millimeter wave radar research, automotive radar used for more than 30GHZ The millimeter wave radar, it can reduce the electromagnetic radiation from the antenna beam angle increases Degrees, eliminating the need to reduce the reflection caused by the malfunction and interference; other Surface as the Doppler shift, the relative speed and high precision. Present primarily Used in millimeter wave broadband wireless data communications and guided weapons, but still did not put Off the radar of the inherent defects in poor anti-interference ability to detect small angle range, the steam Car driving in the jitter can not adapt, but also turn out in the road before and after testing by the To turn restrictions.② millimeter wave radar and image sensor combination with image Sensor under the direction of the road, so as to control the transfer of laser or millimeter wave radar Moving direction, laser or millimeter wave radar to follow the car driving Drive rotation. Have Effective solution to the laser or millimeter wave radar inherent part of the defect, the detection sideTo the line, perspective view of the shortcomings of small or even 0, but the image sensors And Lei da Yun station control technology high. ③improvements in algorithmic research Study [18] - [20], if the millimeter wave linear frequency modulation continuous wave (LFM - CM), two-lane Maximum matching hair, Larry detection, high-precision phase detection, narrowband compensation side Method, measured by the second difference method, etc. on the precision and improved anti-interference. Automotive collision avoidance systems are often not only in a technical, but full use of each Kind of technology expertise, the whole system performance greatly improved. An example of ChongqingAfter nearly a decade Chi Technology Co., Ltd. developed the "intelligent vehicle highway Active driving safety warning system ", Information Monitoring on each side of car is the super- Sound ranging principles. In the short-range ultrasonic distance measurement technique is very good, 4 - 5m range of powerful, but the car is moving in from the left and right sides of the information Auto close, so the use of its information gathering before and after image sensor. After nearly Decades of research, the company has been in the software algorithms have great breakthrough, as the U.S. State TI' s digital signal processor development, the company designs and more CPU Processors, so each CPU division of labor. Now, the company has been able to do per second Able to handle 37 images per second, far more than the film image, reaching as Frequency flow requirements, to ensure real-time detection, accuracy.From the twentieth century 80's, famous universities, research institutions And automobile manufacturers to actively research Automotive Collision warning systems, various transportCompanies and insurance companies are very concerned about how to reduce traffic accidents, the original Due to the following points: ① According to statistics, about 120 million people worldwide die each year payThrough accident, car accident not only caused the increase in economic losses, returned to the urban traffic Caused unnecessary congestion through to families in many wounds, so that people's health Living adversely affected, it has increasingly become concerned about social issues; ② Research That, as early as 1 s warning will reduced by 50% ~ 90% of rear-end accident; ③ security has beenThe focus of the automotive market, the survey shows that most users think the most important consideration The problem is that the safety car; ④great market prospects of the system [21]. Through the various existing features of vehicle collision avoidance warning systems, performance Analysis, we found that, ultrasonic, radar, laser has the following inherent flaw: ① in Car side there is more objective, not well identified the most dangerous targets, Lead to false positives; ② roads are not well detected corners dangerous target, subject to public Impact of road railings, also led to false positive and false negative; ③ radar and laser can be measured On the distance of several kilometers, but ineffective in the 200m the following high cost, big problemLittle to do, and they system complexity, bulky, expensive; ④ laser as Perception point of view is almost 0 directive, the weather and robustness;⑤machine vision The collision warning system with high technical requirements and hardware requirements by climate; ⑥ Infrared collision warning system is relatively the best, all-weather use,anti- Interference ability, but the system's technical requirements and hardware requirements are also high; ⑦ interaction Intelligent anti-collision warning system in the type of traffic information on a certain role in promoting, However, to supporting the use of cars widely used and requires a long process. Development of electronic technology will drive the development of collision warning systems. In order to prevent Collision warning system to overcome the shortcomings of each system above,the following aspects should : ① to improve anti-jamming capability, reduce false positives; ②increased visual angle, Improve the monitoring range; ③ enhance stability, reduce false positives, false negative; ④ increase in driving Members and automobile testing, because the collision in the driver's fatigue driving and vehicle Performance also has a relationship; ⑤ increased police decision-making factors, ultrasonic, radar, laser, etc. Alarm factor is the distance of cars and hazards should be considered relative velocity,The relative acceleration, vehicle and weather; ⑥ form of intelligent expert system to improve reporting Police real-time, accuracy, because the different models and different weather safetyDistance and time requirements of different security; ⑦industry standard form, it is imperative Because the product can not do without the successful application of industry standards.Collision Warning System will promote intelligent car, information, and Play a catalytic role on unmanned technology to make our journey in life Safe, comfortable, fast being.1.2中文翻译随着汽车大量增加,路上车流不息,使道路交通事故逐年大幅度增加,造成大量人员伤亡和财产损失。
汽车自动防撞系统历史
维基百科，自由的百科全书【摘】汽车防撞系统（英语：collision avoidance system）是一种利用通讯、控制与资讯科技侦测车辆周遭的动态状况，以辅助汽车驾驶人的安全科技。
依各家车厂不同的命名，另有预防碰撞系统（pre-crash system）、前方碰撞预警系统（forward collision warning system）、减少碰撞系统（collision mitigating system）等异称。
∙车道变换辅助系统（Audi Side Assist）：车尾的雷达感测器可侦测是否有车辆位于盲点区域，若系统侦测有车辆，能在驾驶人打方向灯并变换车道时，快速闪烁车侧后视镜的LED灯号，以警告侧边有来车接近。
∙车道偏离警示系统（Audi Lane Assist）：运用摄影机侦侧车道标线，若系统发现车辆开始偏移，便以震动方向盘的方式警告驾驶人；万一仍不修正偏移，则会介入并让车辆维持在车道之中。
∙预防追撞前车系统（Audi Pre Sense Front）：以雷达侦测与前车的距离，若系统判断车距过近，先是透过警示信号提醒驾驶人减速；若驾驶人并未减速，刹车辅助系统便会介入刹车，甚至加强刹车力道。
假设碰撞无可避免，此系统能够在碰撞发生前0.5秒完成所有的减速，大约可降低车速达40km/hr，同时启动警示灯后告知后方来车，且维持紧闭车窗与天窗、紧缩安全带，以减少追撞意外对乘员的伤害。
BMW德国BMW在2013年中期发表互联驾驶系统（BMW ConnectedDrive），整合了资讯、娱乐、行车辅助等多项功能，其中跟汽车防撞相关的功能包含下列：∙主动式定速控制系统（Active Cruise Control）：此系统可与碰撞警示暨刹车启动系统、车道变换警示系统、怠速熄火功能等一同连动。
在巡航定速的状态下，当前方车辆进入感测器的监控范围时，系统会自动降速以保持安全间距；等到前方车道净空时又恢复原先设定的时速。
驾考科目一英文系统缩写知识
撤三：撤销资格后三年不能申请驾照。 醉五：醉驾后五年不能申请驾照。 逃终生：驾车肇事逃逸，终生不能重新申请驾照。 二、注意事项: 1、科一考试时学员注意着装，不准穿拖鞋，电子产品和包包不准携带考场。 2、带好身份证，排队进入候考大厅。 3、观察大屏幕上注意事项及流程，进入考场前将随身物品放入保险柜。 4、进入考场，身份核对处分配座位，找到后开始考试，注意摄像头对准自己，遵守考试纪律，一次不过当天有 补考,再不过交钱重新预约。 5、结束后，排队领取成绩单，并签字，没有签字视为无效。
驾考科目一英文系统缩写知识
Hale Waihona Puke 驾考科目一英文系统缩写知识 科目一英文系统缩写有：ACC、ALC、AEBsAFS.APS等。具体如下： 一、自……系统：英文缩写第一个字母一般为A0 1、自适应巡航系统ACC(AdaptiveCruiseControl∖ 2、自动变道辅助系统ALC(AutoLaneChange\ 3、自动刹车辅助系统AEB(AutonomousEmergencyBraking∖ 4、自适应前大灯系统AFS(AdaptiveFront-LightingSystem∖ 5、自动泊车辅助系统APS(AutomatedParkingSystem∖ 二、带盲点(Blind)系统：英文缩写中应有字母Bo 1.盲点监测系统BSD(BlindSpotDetection∖ 2、车辆盲点辅助系统BSA(BIincISpotAssistSystemI3、盲点碰撞预警系统BCW(BlindCollisionWarning) 三、带(预)警(Warning)的系统：英文缩写中应有字母Wo 1.盲点碰撞预警系统BCW(BlindCollisionWarning∖ 2、驾驶员注意力警示系统DAW(DriverAttentionWarning)0
防撞的神奇汽车作文
防撞的神奇汽车作文英文回答：The magical car that can prevent collisions is truly a remarkable invention. Imagine driving on the road without worrying about accidents or crashes. This car uses advanced technology to detect potential dangers and take immediate action to avoid them.One of the key features of this car is its intelligent collision detection system. It uses sensors and cameras to constantly monitor the surrounding environment. If it detects a vehicle or obstacle in its path, it will automatically apply the brakes or steer away to prevent a collision. This feature alone can save countless lives and prevent countless accidents.Another amazing feature of this car is its adaptive cruise control. It uses radar technology to maintain a safe distance from the vehicle in front. It can automaticallyadjust the speed and acceleration to ensure a safe and comfortable driving experience. It's like having a personal chauffeur who knows exactly how to drive defensively.In addition to these safety features, the magical car also has a built-in emergency response system. In the event of an accident, it can automatically call for help and provide the exact location of the incident. This can significantly reduce the response time of emergencyservices and increase the chances of survival for those involved in the accident.Furthermore, this car is equipped with an advanced navigation system that can provide real-time trafficupdates and suggest alternative routes to avoid congested areas. This not only saves time but also reduces the riskof accidents caused by traffic jams or road closures.Overall, the magical car that can prevent collisions is a game-changer in the automotive industry. It combines cutting-edge technology with practical safety features to create a truly remarkable driving experience. With this car,I can confidently say that I am in safe hands and can enjoy the journey without worrying about potential accidents.中文回答：这辆能够防止碰撞的神奇汽车真是一项了不起的发明。
aeb术语和定义
aeb术语和定义
汽车自动紧急制动系统（AEB）是一种汽车主动安全技术，旨在协助驾驶员在紧急情况下自动刹车，以避免或减少碰撞事故的发生。
AEB系统通过环境感知传感器（如毫米波雷达或视觉摄像头等）感知前方可能与车辆、行人或其他交通参与者发生的碰撞风险，并通过系统自动触发执行机构（如电子稳定程序ESP）来实施制动。
AEB系统的工作原理是一个感知-运算-执行的闭环循环过程，基于车内传感器各种监测，配合系统控制器控制，与之配套的运行软件和算法组成的综合型电子控制系统。
AEB系统主要包含三个部分：控制模块（ECU），测距模块和制动模块。
测距模块的核心包括微波雷达、人脸识别技术和视频系统等，可以提供前方道路安全、准确、实时的图像和路况信息。
总的来说，AEB系统是一种预防性的主动安全技术，通过自动探测前方障碍物、判断碰撞风险，必要时发出报警及自动实施制动，旨在事先识别碰撞风险，完全规避碰撞发生或尽最大可能地减轻碰撞的强度，从而避免车辆追尾，或与行人及其他交通参与者发生碰撞事故。
AEB系统弥补了人和车的弱点，变被动为主动，变人动为自动，从根本上扼制了车祸事故的发生，把驾车的安全性提高到一个空前的高度，实现了真正意义上的主动安全。
基于超声波倒车雷达 外文翻译
外文翻译毕业设计题目：超声波倒车雷达预警原文1：DISTANCE MEASURING AND MONITORING DEVICE EQUIPPED AUTOMOBILE REVERSE RADAR译文1：距离测量和监控设备装备汽车反向雷达原文2：ULTRASONIC SENSOR ASSEMBLY FOR AVEHICLE REVERSING RADAR译文2DISTANCE MEASURING AND MONITORING DEVICE EQUIPPED AUTOMOBILE REVERSE RADAR(原文1)This design relates to an automobile commutating radar, an ultrasonic sensor comprising the radar. The ordinary car commutation radar is usually installed in the rear bumper of a car. The vehicle has a commutation radar sensor, a ceramic chip in the polarization electric field, due to the reverse piezoelectric vibration of the aluminum housing and transmitting an ultrasonic signal, and receiving the reflected ultrasonic signal into an effective distance. Therefore, a driver will know that this situation is reversed in the rear of the vehicle do not have to stop looking for the front of the vehicle.A good ultrasonic sensor ultrasonic signal should be sent to a central area, produced a strong reaction in order to achieve a sensitive detection. The distance along the line of its axis with reference to Figure 5, a conventional ultrasonic sensor sensitive areas, the reception sensitivity in a test has 250 cm, and a sensitive, including 60 degree angle in the above 2 (X) cm. Thus, the conventional sensor performance has a low accuracyIn some vehicles, the most traditional ultrasonic sensor mounted in the front and rear bumpers. Vehicles of a monitor in a dashboard display, ultrasonic sensor detects an obstacle. However, with the conventional ultrasonic sensor has a sensitive wide angle, they must be installed in the end of the bumper to prevent the ultrasonic signals interfere with each other. However, the distance in each ultrasonic sensor is so large is still very low detection accuracy.In addition, when parking the vehicle, ultrasonic sensors often detect other vehicles parked next to the vehicle as an obstacle, so the driver may be a false alarm.Accordingly, the present design provides an improved ultrasonic sensors to reduce or eliminate the above problems.Summary of the designThe main purpose is to provide the design of an ultrasonic sensor sensitive to the radar has high precision long distance and a little sensitive to the angle of the car for. Other objectives, advantages and novel features of the design will become more apparent from the following detailed description together when an ultrasonic transducer assembly of the vehicle the commutation radar has an ultrasonic sensor and the two wires. A sleeve is received by the rubbermaterial and has a chamber sensor. A tapered opening that is defined in a front chamber. A wave guide cone is provided to open and close to the sensor in the center of the tapered. By using the sensor assembly, automotive radar there is a reversal of precision long detection distance in a concentrated area.The reference to the diagram, an ultrasonic sensor assembly for a car reversing radar, in accordance with the design consists of a sensor, a set, a guided wave cone, and a housing (ultrasonic sensor has a structure like traditional sensors, and two wires extending from sensors.Sleeve, usually made of rubber, there is one which is defined as the receiving sensor. A tapered shape of the opening is defined at the front and an opening formed on the lower side to prevent the ultrasonic signal reflected from the ground to cause false alarms. A flange formed on the rear of the sleeve.The definition channel for receiving signals. A rear cover is provided on the rear side of the space to encapsulate the sensor and the sleeve inside.In the assembled state shown in Figure 2, the guide wave cone installed you like bracket combination conical opening of the center of the casing and highlights. The heating wire extends the bracket backward and exit back cover. The sleeve is placed in the housing flange butt shoulder wires and heating wire extends from the back cover of the diaphragm. A pad, made of a resin or other soft material, is provided between the sleeve is An ci back cover, so the sleeve and the sensor housing can be stably received.Figure 4 illustrates a detector effect Contrast sensor and unguided wave cone, wherein the solid line illustrates the sensor wave guide cone, and the conflict lines described sensor without the guided wave taper. As shown in Figure 4, at a test frequency of about 40 kHz (35 kHz), gift of design of the sensor can be provided to an ultrasonic signal with a Federation higher than traditional sensors. Therefore, the design of detection better than traditional sensors作者：Joan Smith；Mike Howard ；国籍：USA出处：United States Patent距离测量和监控设备装备汽车反向雷达(译文1)本设计涉及一种汽车换向雷达,用一个超声波传感器组成该雷达。
外文翻译基于单片机的汽车倒车防撞语音提示系统
外文资料:Based on nRF24E1 and TMC2023 automobilecollision avoidance system development andrealizationCar engineering department of institute of technology of MunichBy LORENZ FERDIDADProgress of society with the development of times, more and more cars have entered ordinary people's family. Though the highway terms is being updated, yet avoid the crowded current situation of getting on the car of unavoidable highway, in addition, the speed is improved gradually, the malignant traffic accident is happening all the time, have brought the enormous life and property loss to people and the society. Car anticollision system whether one can send out seeing and hearing survey device of warning signal in advance to driver. It install, at car, can survey, attempt pedestrian, vehicle or barrier around close the automobile body usually; Can send out and collide the dangerous signal soon to driver and passenger ahead of time, impel driver bypass driver take emergency measure punish special dangerous situation even, avoid losses. At present, though various countries study, prevent system of colliding from (usually call the initiative security system in the world), but how could solve the timid and alert problem better, perplexing relevant workers all the time. The researcher in the world studies through a large number of experiments, has already reached common understanding, if want to solve problem described above effectively, the anticollision system must have the following functions:1)Must be capable of examining the angle, the azimuthal information ofthe goal is essential for removing emptily and alertly(2)Apt to produce anti-interference performance strong complicated transmission signal, cooperate with real-time high-efficient signal deal with with goal measuring algorithms, in order to remove emptily and alertly.Only the above two points combine together and guarantee the systematic dependability that the car defends colliding closely.1 TMC2023 chip and the nRF24E1 chip characteristic introduced TMC2032 is one kind of new entire digital correlation instrument electric circuit, its correlation word length and the related threshold are programmable. This chip is the monolithic 64 CMOS entire numeral correlation instrument large scale integrated circuit which American TRW Corporation recent years promoted, its interior had three independent clocks 8 displacements positions registers (stochastic data register A, local code register B and shield code register M); Moreover also has 7 registers to use for to load pre-placed limit. 0 ~ 64 between wilfully long stochastic data and the local code after the correlation operation, by the three samit the cushion 7 BCD code output, and limit compare with the initialization in the comparator, if the correlative value is bigger than or is equal to limit, then the flag bit by lowly changes high. Because has used the advanced high speed CMOS production craft, the parallel correlation speed reaches as high as above 30MHz. But widely applies to synchronization, the matched filtering, harms in the code examination, the recording and the bar code recognition, especially suits to the radar signal recognition. NRF24E1 is one kind of operating frequency may achieve 2.4GHz the wireless radio frequency receiving and dispatching chip, the channel operation time is smaller than 200 mu s, the data rate is 1Mbps outside, does not need to meet the SAW filter, is global general low cost radio frequency system level chip which the present world promotes for the first time.The interior inlays has with 8,051 compatible microprocessors and 10 9 inputs A/D switches, may between under the 1.9V ~ 3.6V voltage the steady work; The interior also inlays have impress the adjuster and the VDD voltage monitoring device. Wireless receiving and dispatching partially has with the nRF2401 similar function, this function starts by the internal parallel mouth and internal SPI, each due-out signal says regarding the processor all may take severs carries on the programming, or gives the microprocessor through the GPIO port biography. Chip nRF24E1 may realize the wireless communication in world public frequency band scope 2.4 ~ 2.5GHz. Receives and dispatches the partial packages to include the frequency divider, the amplifier, the regulator and two receiving and dispatching units. The output energy, the frequency band and other radio frequency parameter passable radio frequency registers conveniently have programmed the adjustment. Under the transmission pattern, the current consumption only has 10.5mA; Under the receive pattern, the current consumption only has 18mA, therefore the power loss is quite low.2 systems structures entire wrap information gathering system is composed by five sets of radio frequencies launches and the receiving device, each set of launches and the receive partial basic electric circuits all are same, these five sets of transmitter-receiver set also is connected with the DSP central processor, the central processor is responsible for the data which calculates them to pass on, makes the decision-making according to the actual situation. Each set of launches and receiving device structure like chart 1 shows. First by as the core radio frequency transmission circuit produces the high frequency electromagnetic wave take nRF24E1, then the modulation signal which sends by correlation operation chip TMC2032 to it carries on the modulation,thus produces with other radio frequency receiving and dispatching unit different radio-frequency signals, prepares for full for the receive. In order to enable the electromagnetic wave signal to have the enough far propagation distance, but also needs to modulate after the signal to carry on the enlargement, completes this function the electric circuit is the merit puts the electric circuit. Finally passes on airborne to a such signal. When sends out the electromagnetic wave meets when the obstacle returns, first must after correlation operation chip TMC2032 to it carry on the recognition, if the same group launches partially sends receives, and further bequeaths this signal the radio frequency receive part; Otherwise refuses to receive. Then the receive partially produces according to the electromagnetic wave in the airborne dissemination The phase moved calculates the time which its dissemination consumes, again calculates the obstacle and this group of receiving and dispatching partial distances. Finally gives this distance information the central processor. Central processing monolithic confidential at the same time the distance information which passes on to five groups of radio frequencies receiving and dispatching unit makes the computation, obtains obstacle and vehicle spatial position which measured. Reaches this point, the obstacle information gathering work basically completes, is left over is bequeaths again this comprehensive information the higher paraffin central processor, lets it make the final decision-making。
雷达术语中英文对照
雷达术语中英文对照1. A型显示器(距离显示器) A scope(range indicator)2. 交流二极管充电A.C. diode charging3. 交流阻抗A.C. impedance4. 交流谐振充电A.C. resonant charging5. A/R型显示器A/R scope6. 电枢控制Aarmature control7. 绝对误差Absolute error8. 吸收性复盖层Absorbent overlay(coverage)9. 减震器Absorber10. 吸收式衰减器Absorptive attenuator11. 交流控制系统AC control system12. 加速度信息Acceleration inFORMation13. 附件Accessory14. 捕捉目标试验Acquisition object test15. 截获概率试验Acquisition probability test16. 低仰角截获试验Acquisition test at the lowest elevation17. 有源滤波器Active filter18. 有源校正网络Active corrective network19. 有源干扰Active jamming20. 阵列单元的有效阻抗Active-impedance of an array element21. 执行元件Actuator(driving) element22. 自适应天线Adaptive antenna23. 自适应天线系统Adaptive antenna system24. 自适应能力Adaptive capability25. 自适应检测器Adaptive detector26. 自适应跳频Adaptive frequency hopping27. 自适应干扰机Adaptive jammer28. 自适应动目标显示Adaptive MTI29. 加法器Adder30. 导纳Admittance31. 气悬体干扰Aerosol jamming32. 通风车Air blower carriage33. 空气滤渍器Air filter34. 空中交通管制雷达Air traffic control radar35. 机载引导雷达Airborne director radar36. 机载动目标显示Airborne MTI37. 机载雷达Airborne radar38. 机载测距雷达Airborne range-finding radar39. 机载警戒雷达Airborne warning radar40. 机载截击雷达Airborne-intercept radar41. 空心偏转线圈Air-core deflection coil42. 护尾雷达Aircraft tail warning radar(A TWR)43. 飞机跟踪试验Aircraft tracking test44. 全空域录取All-zone extraction45. 换批Alternate the batch number46. 调幅干扰AM jamming47. 调幅调相转换AM/PM conversion48. 模糊函数Ambiguity function49. 模糊图Ambiguity pattern50. 衰减量Amount of attenuation51. 放大器Amplifier52. 放大元件Amplifier element53. 增幅管Amplitron54. 幅度鉴别恒虚警技术Amplitude discrimination CFAR technique55. 幅裕度Amplitude margin56. 幅度噪声Amplitude noise57. 幅度方向图Amplitude pattern58. 振幅量化Amplitude quantization59. 分层Amplitude quantizing60. 比幅单脉冲雷达Amplitude-comparison monopulse radar61. 幅频特性Amplitude-frequency characteristic62. 幅频一致性Amplitude-frequency equalization63. 调幅信号Amplitude-modulated signal64. 幅值-相位仪Amplitude-phase meter65. 模拟移相器Analog phase shifter66. 信号的模拟处理Analog processing of signal67. 模拟信号Analog signal68. 模拟式扫描(连续式扫描) Analog sweep69. 模-数变换Analog-to-digital conversion70. 模拟显示Analogue display71. 模拟测距Analogue ranging72. 频率分析法Analysis method of frequency domain73. 解析信号Analytic signal74. 角度欺骗干扰Angle deception jamming75. 角度截获概率Angle intercept probability76. 角度噪声Angle noise77. 跟踪角速度和角加速度Angle tracking velocity and acceleration78. 角闪烁误差Angular glint error79. 角增量正余弦函数运算器Angular increment sine-cosine arithmeticunit80. 天线Antenna81. 天线抗干扰技术Antenna anti-jamming technique82. 天线回零装置Antenna back device83. 天线控制系统Antenna control system84. 孔径型天线的天线效率Antenna efficiency of an aperture-type antenna85. 天线电轴Antenna electrical boresight86. 天线升降机构Antenna elevating subsiding machine87. 天线增益Antenna gain88. 天线裹冰厚度Antenna icing depth89. 天线锁定装置Antenna locking device90. 天线方向图Antenna pattern91. 天线波瓣自动记录仪Antenna pattern automatic recorder92. 天线座Antenna pedestal93. 天线指向Antenna pointing94. 天线功率增益Antenna power gain95. 天线读数机构Antenna reading device96. 天线风洞试验Antenna test in tunnel97. 天线测试转台Antenna test turning platFORM98. 天线拖车Antenna trailer99. 抗有源干扰能力Anti-active jamming capability100. 抗轰炸能力Anti-bomb capability101. 抗海浪试验Anti-clutter test against the sea102. 防撞信息Anticollision inFORMation103. 防撞雷达Anti-collision radar104. 抗干扰试验Anti-jamming test105. 抗无源干扰能力Anti-passive jamming capability106. 反雷达伪装Anti-radar camouflage107. 反雷达复盖层Anti-radar overlay(coverage)108. 反辐射导弹Anti-radiation missile109. 抗饱和Anti-saturation110. 抗风能力Anti-wind capability111. 口面阻挡损失Aperture blockage loss112. 口面照射效率Aperture illumination efficiency113. 区域杂波开关Area clutter switch114. 区域动目标显示Area moving-target indication115. 阵列天线Array antenna116. 人工线（脉冲形成网络）Artificial line(pulse FORM network)117. 人工空间电离干扰Artificial space ionization jamming118. 炮兵侦察校射雷达Artillery target-search and gun-pointing adjustment radar 119. 随机仪表Associated instrumentation120. 天文雷达Astronomical radar121. 大气吸收损耗Atmospheric absorption loss122. 天电干扰Atmospheric interference123. 气压开关Atmospheric pressure switch124. 大气折射误差Atmospheric refraction error125. 衰减Attenuation126. 衰减常数Attenuation constant127. 衰减器Attenuator128. 姿态线Attitude line129. 自相关函数Autocorrelaton function130. 自相关器Auto-correlator131. 相控阵组件的自动检查装置Automatic check device for array elements132. 自动控制系统Automatic control system133. 自动检测Automatic detection134. 自动录取Automatic extraction135. 自动录取设备Automatic Extractor136. 自频调系统的捕捉带宽Automatic frequency control system pull-in bandwidth 137. 自频调系统的跟踪带宽Automatic frequency control system tracking bandwidth 138. 自动频率控制Automatic frequency control(AFC)139. 自动增益控制Automatic gain control (AGC)140. 自动增益控制Automatic gain control (AGC)141. 自动噪声电平调整Automatic noise leveling (ANL)142. 自动相位控制Automatic phase control143. 自动改批Automatically change the batch number144. 自动编批Automatically order the batch number145. 自主显示器Autonomous indicator146. 辅助偏转线圈Auxiliary deflection coil147. 辅助偏转板Auxiliary deflection plates148. 有效性Availability149. 平均功率Average power150. 轴向偏焦Axial offset-focus151. 轴比Axial ratio152. 轴系精度Axis train precision153. 方位轴Azimuth axis154. 方位驱动装置Azimuth drive device155. 方位编码器Azimuth encoder156. 方位信息Azimuth inFORMation157. 方位大齿轮Azimuth main drive gear158. 方位分辨率Azimuth resolution159. 方位同步传动装置Azimuth transmitting selsyn devic。
汽车防盗报警器外文文献翻译中英文
外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)译文字数：3297字文献出处：SF Marseken. Automobile burglar alarm[J] Betascript Publishing, 2016,vol.1,no.3:10-21英文原文Automobile burglar alarmSF MarsekenThe automobile is the present humanity's main transportation vehicle, is also the modern civilization symbol. The world the automobile sales volume reaches more than 6000 ten thousand every year, the inventory has surpassed 400,000,000. Is using the vehicles are more, but the following traffic accident and the automobile which robbed are been also getting more and more, has created the personnel casualty and the economical property loss. The people set a higher request to motor vehicle's operational performance and the security performance. The auto safety becomes an important social question. In order to reduce motor vehicle accident's formation rate, for has automobile's user to provide the security sense, develops one kind simply reliable, the ease of operation, can automatic detection automobile various part of conditions, discover that the normal condition can send out the warning reminder and thesecurity warning safety system to the pilot, has the actual design significance.The car alarm is a device that is installed in the car to increase the difficulty of car theft and prolong the period of car theft. With the advancement of science and technology, in order to deal with the escalating methods of car theft, people have developed anti-theft devices of various methods and structures from generation to generation. Currently, anti-theft devices can be divided into three categories according to their structure: mechanical, electronic and Network type. Hook locks, steering wheel locks and shift locks are basically mechanical anti-theft devices. They mainly rely on locking clutches, brakes, throttles, or steering wheels and shift gears to achieve the purpose of anti-theft. However, only anti-theft alarms are not provided.Insert-type, button-type and remote control are all electronic anti-theft devices. It mainly aims to prevent theft by locking the ignition or starting. It also has anti-theft and sound alarm functions.GPS satellite positioning car alarm system is a network-based anti-theft device, it is mainly to lock the ignition or start to achieve the purpose of theft, but also through the GPS satellite positioning system (or other network system), the alarm information and alarm vehicle location Silently transmitted to the alarm center.Characteristics of remote-controlled car alarms Remote-controlledcar alarms are developed with the advancement of electronic technology and are the most widely popularized in the market. It is characterized by remote control of the entire function of the alarm, reliable and convenient, with vibration detection, gate protection and microwave or infrared probes and other functions. As the demand for anti-theft devices in the market continues to increase, remote control car alarms have also added many convenient functions, such as remote control central locks, remote air heaters, remote control electric doors and windows, and remote control of open luggage compartments.The value of automobiles is very high. As the number of automobiles continues to increase, automobiles have become the target of thefts by theft victims. Theft of automobiles has also become a major concern in today's society and is an urgent problem to be solved. At present, a variety of car anti-theft methods and products are constantly being updated. Although anti-theft mechanical locks have been installed on the doors and vehicle engines, the robbers can use the master key to open the doors without driving the car. Therefore, the car theft prevention problem is still not completely resolved. Today's car theft in society has the following ways:First, mechanical security, the main principle is to use a lock to lock a part of the car, so that it can not play its due role. There are several kinds of theft prevention methods as follows: transmission gear locks,steering wheel locks, brake pedal locks, and clutch pedal locks. The corresponding trouble is that mechanical locks are large in size, and the owner must carry a key with him at the same time. And there are many ways to crack it. Since the core is a lock in the end, it is hard to stop at the door. It is even more difficult to avoid large-scale car thefts such as hydraulic shears; losing the keys if they are not careful, etc. is also one of the possibilities for car theft.The second is electronic security. This is the most commonly used anti-theft measure in the current automotive market. When the anti-theft system is activated, the ignition coil and the fuel supply circuit can be cut off. Only when the unlocking key is under control can the alarm be released. There are a wide variety of such anti-theft products. Most domestic and foreign cars have been equipped with a key chip anti-piracy system when they leave the factory. This is to use the chip's transmitting radio in the key to connect with the ECU of the car and start the car engine. In addition to the sound and light alarm system, a light emitting diode (LED) is installed on the dashboard of the car to allow the owner to know the working status of the system, and it can also exert mental pressure on the car thieves in the car. When the car vibrates due to an external force or the door, back cover, and front cover are forcibly opened, the system will sound an alarm to deter car thief. There is also a two-way alarm system, which is more than the general light and sound alarmsystem can notify the owner of the function, when the car is affected by the outside world, people in the vicinity of the owner can be through the car with a LCD key to know the car Current state.The third is a network type anti-theft system, which mainly relies on social public networks to monitor the movement of vehicles. There are two kinds. One is the GPS satellite positioning anti-theft system. This system uses GPS satellite positioning to determine the vehicle position, and then transmits the position and alarm information to the alarm center through the GSM network. The alarm center controls the power off and fuel off of the car through the GSM network. The disadvantage of this kind of system is that the price is relatively high; moreover, it needs to pay for the service frequently; the power of the system is also relatively large; privacy will be affected; if the vehicle is left unused for a long time, the level of electricity will be lost. And cars parked underground, under big trees, building rafts, and indoor systems would not work. 2 is GSM, GPRS mobile anti-theft device, GSM mobile anti-theft device relies on GSM communication network, intelligent anti-theft linkage of mobile phones and cars, it has anti-theft, monitoring, remote control, remote alarm, positioning and anti-robbery and other functions. A very effective means of safeguarding public security and protecting the interests of car owners. Compared with similar products, the system also has multiple features such as concealed installation, advanced technology and reliableperformance. It has the advantage of not having to build base stations and the alarm is not limited by distance. The disadvantage is that it requires monthly fees for GSM numbers because it depends on the coverage of the GSN network. The thieves' method is also to use the jammer of the mobile phone signal, cut off the connection between the vehicle and the alarm center, and make the anti-theft system invalid.The fourth is the biometric anti-theft system, which uses the human body feature as the only unlocking key to lock the car engine into theft protection mode. Specific products include the owner's fingerprint activation controller and vein scan controller. It takes advantage of the sufficient information carried by human fingerprints and the feature that each person's fingerprint coincidence rate is almost zero. The owner's fingerprint information is stored in the memory of the system in advance, and the car can be started after verifying the identity through the fingerprint comparison, even if the car theft. Thieves who steal all the car keys will be helpless. However, its disadvantage is that it takes more than 2 seconds for the fingerprint to be compared before starting the car. If the thief cannot get your fingerprints, he will not be able to steal your car. However, in fact, the thieves steal the keys of the owner may not be able to crack all the anti-theft measures. When the biometric anti-theft, only the fingerprint car alarm can protect your car in the true sense.At present, GPS satellite positioning systems on the market arealready the most advanced anti-theft devices at home and abroad. The GPS system has vehicle positioning, anti-robbery alarm, network security, remote control to make it turn off, vehicle interior monitoring, rescue after anchoring, traffic information inquiry, electronic Dog navigation has been a lot of features such as vehicle information query. The GPS satellite positioning system is a network-based anti-theft device. It mainly relies on locking the ignition and starting to achieve the purpose of theft prevention. At the same time, the GPS satellite positioning system can transmit the alarm information to the alarm center along with the location of the alarm vehicle. However, experts also reminded that the name of this anti-theft technology sounds very loud, although there is a certain anti-theft effect, but it is not very practical to use, and the price is expensive, the actual effect is not great, satellite tracking anti-theft is mainly a return on automotive equipment The location of the vehicle is displayed via a satellite screen. Therefore, according to the installation of a tracking system in a stolen vehicle, the transmission system is destroyed, that is, the power supply is cut off, making it impossible for the satellite to track the position of the vehicle and lose the anti-theft effect. Such a system is very expensive. It costs 6000-7000 yuan to install a GPS without a display screen. It also pays a service fee of nearly a thousand yuan each year to a GPS system service company. Expensive purchase fees and usage fees make many owners discouraged. Economic efficiencyis not optimistic. Electrical alarm came into being. The electronic alarm system is based on the original central door lock, and an anti-piracy system control circuit has been added to control the movement of the car. At the same time, the electronic alarm is also an ideal alarm device. If there is a theft intention of theft, the anti-theft system will not only cut off the start circuit, ignition circuit, oil circuit, fuel circuit and transmission circuit, brake lock function, but also send a different sound and light distress signal to alarm , to mentally attack car theft to stop the car theft process.Since the world's first T-type Ford sedan was stolen, car-trafficking has become one of the most common crimes in big cities. The number of cars has increased, and the number of stolen vehicles has also increased year by year. As a result, social unrest has become larger and larger. They are worried that their cars are stolen. With the popularity of convertible cars, the lock on the car door is no longer the most solid. The concept of car door locks has gradually faded, and as a result, the car anti-theft system has emerged. The types of electronic anti-theft systems currently on the market are very large, and can be purchased for 300-400 yuan. Most of the new cars on the market today are equipped with original factory-built anti-theft devices. Some vehicles have anti-theft chips on their keys. They can randomly change their unlocking codes so that thieves cannot unlock them through high-tech methods, and such keys arelost. Only with the registration of vehicle users to the original manufacturer and a set of car keys. According to the latest automotive technical data, some vehicles have begun to replace the key with an invisible IC card. If the vehicle owner is within 3-5 meters of the vehicle, the car alarm will be automatically released. When the owner sits in the car, the ignition switch is pressed. The vehicle will start. The owner will automatically lock the door 5 meters away from the car. The anti-theft system will not be foolproof. Many cars nowadays have installed a computer anti-theft system for vehicles before they enter the market. When the data of the key chip and the data saved on the on-board computer are in agreement, the computer starts to work on the relevant system and allows the engine to start. Cars with on-board computer systems no longer need to install electronic anti-theft devices. If it is repeatedly installed, it may easily conflict with the originally installed computer anti-theft system; if it is necessary to install an electronic anti-theft device again, it is necessary to pay attention to separation from the ignition system, or it will make the engine unable to start and a series of other failures. If there is a failure, the owner cannot dismantle it himself. Use a professional device to clear the fault code and contact failure in a professional service shop.中文译文汽车防盗报警器SF Marseken目前汽车是人类最为主要的交通工具, 也是现代文明的标志。
cpr雷达参数
cpr雷达参数CPR（Collision Power Reduction）雷达参数CPR雷达是一种用于汽车安全的碰撞预警系统。
它通过检测车辆与周围环境之间的距离和速度来帮助驾驶员避免碰撞。
CPR雷达的参数设置对于系统的有效性至关重要。
下面我们将详细介绍一些与CPR雷达参数相关的信息。
1. 感知范围：CPR雷达的感知范围决定了系统能够检测到其他车辆或障碍物的最远距离。
这个参数通常根据实际道路条件和车辆使用环境进行调整。
在高速公路上，感知范围可能需要更大，以便提前发现远处的车辆。
2. 分辨率：CPR雷达的分辨率是指系统能够识别两个相邻目标之间的最小距离差异。
这个参数对于区分车辆和障碍物非常重要。
较高的分辨率可以提供更精确的目标识别和定位。
3. 更新频率：CPR雷达的更新频率决定了系统对目标位置和速度的更新速度。
较高的更新频率可以提供更及时的信息，帮助驾驶员做出更快速的反应。
然而，更新频率过高也会增加系统的计算负担。
4. 警报阈值：CPR雷达的警报阈值是指系统触发警报的条件。
根据不同的驾驶环境和安全要求，警报阈值可以进行调整。
过低的阈值可能导致误报，而过高的阈值则可能导致延迟的警报。
5. 可靠性：CPR雷达系统的可靠性是指系统在各种环境条件下正常工作的能力。
这包括对恶劣天气、强光干扰和其他干扰源的抗干扰能力。
提高CPR雷达系统的可靠性可以增加驾驶员对系统的信任和依赖。
6. 故障检测和容错机制：CPR雷达系统应具备故障检测和容错机制，以确保在雷达故障或异常情况下仍能提供有效的碰撞预警。
这些机制可以包括硬件冗余、自动故障屏蔽和系统状态监测等。
通过合理设置CPR雷达的参数，可以提高汽车的安全性能，减少交通事故的发生。
然而，我们也要注意到，CPR雷达只是辅助驾驶员的工具，驾驶员仍然需要保持警觉和注意力，以确保行车安全。
希望CPR雷达技术能够不断创新发展，为我们的驾驶生活带来更多的便利和安全。
科一英文缩写思维导图
科一常见英文缩写车道偏离预警系统LDW Lane Departure Warning
车辆自适应巡航系统ACC Adaptive Cruise Control
车辆前方碰撞预警系统FCW Forward Collision Warning
车辆自动变道辅助系统ALC Auto Lane Change
实时交通信息TMC Traffic Message Channel
车辆交通标志识别系统TSR Traffic Sign Recognition
车辆盲点检测系统BSD Blind Spot Detection
车辆牵引力控制系统TCS/ASR/TRC Traffic Control System
车辆车身稳定控制系统ESP Electronic Stability Program
车辆紧急制动辅助系统EBA Electronic Control Brake Assit System 车辆电子制动力分配系统EBD Electric Brake force Distribution
车辆自助刹车辅助系统AEB Autonomous Emergency BraKing
全球定位系统（车辆导航）GPS Global Positioning System
车辆盲点辅助系统BSA Blind Spot Assist
定速巡航系统CCS Cruise Control System
车辆随动转向前照灯系统AFS Adaptive front-lighting System。
外文翻译---汽车防撞雷达系统
外文翻译---汽车防撞雷达系统毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译系（院）：专业：姓名：学号：外文出处：0-7803-C(77-8/Ol/$10.00)2001 IEEE(用外文写)附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。
指导教师评语：签名：（手写签名）年月日汽车防撞雷达系统倪国庆刘长满管永军王满生桂林空军学院消防系1引言汽车从1886诞生于德国到现在已经100多年了，自那时起，汽车工业的发展带彻底改变全世界人们的生活。
近年来，随着中国经济的发展，道路交通发展迅速，尤其是高速公路的建设，为我国经济的快速发展起到了重要作用。
但是，由于某些原因，如车多路少，公路等级比较低，混合的行人、汽车交通和管理不善。
因此，在我国交通事故发生率很高。
例如，从上海到南京的高速公路上，每年都有超过一起车辆连环相撞事故。
这些事故造成了生命和财产的巨大损失，那么有什么方法可以阻止这一切呢？本文作者认为，除了重视交通安全，执行严格的交通法规以及进行更好的管理之外。
我们应该建立一个先进的车载防撞雷达系统来自动限制车速，以减少交通事故。
2 总体方案和基本原则2.1 总体结构框图总体方案是根据上面的原则设计的，如下图所示：调制器震荡源发射天线控制装置接收天线信号处理速度调节器指示图1：汽车防撞雷达系统的总体结构我们采用的是传统的火控雷达设计，它的原理是采用单脉冲系统，只用一根天线进行传输和接收。
这种设计一方面降低了成本，另一方面也简化了信号的处理。
该类型的雷达测距精度小于5米。
其中用于发送和接收的天线被设置在汽车的前面发射电磁波了。
而电磁反射板则被安装在前面车的车尾，以此反映来自后面车的波信号。
处在后面的车通过将从前面车接受来的信号进行放大、检测和整理，从而计算出两车之间的距离。
该计划的另一个优点是它的成本也比较低。
由于只有一个测距雷达所需的检测范围是固定的（1200），因此它的作用距离不长（约1km）。
而且源功率不高，几乎没有天线，所以它的成本很低。
文献综述-倒车雷达的设计
倒车雷达的设计你的动机和设想倒车雷达（car reversing aid system）全称叫“倒车防撞雷达”，也叫“泊车辅助装置”，是汽车泊车安全辅助装置，能以声音或者更为直观的显示告知贺驶员周围障碍物的情况，解除了驾驶员泊车和起动车辆时前后左右探视所引起的困扰，并帮助驾驶员扫除了视野死角和视线模糊的缺陷，提高驾驶的安全性。
随着汽车工业的不断发展和汽车普及率的日益提高，汽车运输这种方便、快捷的运输方式越来越多的表现出了它的弊端——危险性。
越来越多的汽车使有限的道路变的涌堵，交通事故日益增多，群众的生命财产安全造成了很大的威胁。
为此，西方各发达国家和日本均提出了通过将现代高新技术应用于公路交通的各个领域，实现汽车和道路的智能化，提高公路交通安全和交通效率的开发计划。
雷达技术是应用于公路交通领域的高新技术中的重要内容。
随着社会的发展。
各种雷达技术和设备不断成熟。
使其在公路交通运输的各个环节上得到了越来越广泛的应用，使公路交通运输系统的操作、管理、安全性能得到了很大程度的提升。
汽车的安全性能对人类生命和财产安全的影响是不言而喻的。
雷达技术是应用于公路交通领域的高新技术中的重要内容。
随着社会的发展。
各种雷达技术和设备不断成熟。
使其在公路交通运输的各个环节上得到了越来越广泛的应用，使公路交通运输系统的操作、管理、安全性能得到了很大程度的提升。
随着现代电子工业、雷达技术和汽车制造技术的不断发展，使雷达在汽车上得到了广泛的应用。
不仅提高了汽车的驾驶性能。
而且使人员和货物的安全得到了有效保障。
雷达技术在汽车中的典型应用主要表现在测速、防撞、侧视等旨在提高汽车的安全性和可操作性的各个方面。
如何实现这个设想超声波测距超声波—般指频率在20kHz 以上的机械波．超声波测距的原理是利用测量超声波发射脉冲和接收脉冲的时间差，再结合超声波在空气中传输的速度来计算距离。
超声波测距原理简单，成本低、制作方便。
超声波的特点是对雨、雾、雪的穿透性较强、衰减小。
汽车的眼睛——自动防撞系统研发大剖析
汽车的眼睛——自动防撞系统研发大剖析
汽车诞生给人类生活带来种种方便，同时车祸也给人类带来很多阴影。
为了充分利用汽车为人类带来的方便，同时尽可能地避免车祸带来的惨剧，世
界许多国家都在开发智能轿车和智能公路运输系统，以增加汽车运输的安全性
能。
汽车自动防撞系统(automatic bump-shielded system of the automobile)就是智能轿车的一部分。
汽车防撞系统包括三个部分：
(1)信号采集系统：采用雷达、激光、声纳等技术自动测出本车速度、前
车速度以及两车之间的距离;
(2)数据处理系统：计算机芯片对两车距离以及两车的瞬时相对速度进行
处理后，判断两车的安全距离，如果两车车距小于安全距离，数据处理系统就
会发出指令;
(3)执行机构：负责实施数据处理系统发来的指令，发出警报，提醒司机
刹车，如司机没有执行指令，执行机构将采取措施，比如关闭车窗、调整座椅
位置、锁死方向盘、自动刹车等;
汽车自动防撞器在国外的研发现状
国际上如德国、日本、美国等先进的汽车生产国，在十年前已经开始了
主动防撞安全装置的研究与开发。
戴姆勒?克莱斯勒公司和沃尔沃公司在汽车防
撞器方面走在世界前列。
美国的《大众机械师》杂志介绍了戴姆勒?克莱斯勒公司汽车防撞器的研
究情况。
该防撞器结构主要是两个测距仪和一个影像系统，能够测出安全距离，。
基于ESL的汽车防撞雷达设计的开题报告
基于ESL的汽车防撞雷达设计的开题报告一、研究背景汽车防撞雷达作为主动安全系统的重要组成部分，已经被广泛应用于现代汽车中。
目前市场上的汽车防撞雷达主要采用超声波、激光、毫米波等技术，但其存在性能难以满足需求、制造成本高等问题。
在此背景下，利用ESL（Event Stream Processing Language）技术实现汽车防撞雷达的设计，可以提高系统的精度、速度和准确性。
二、研究内容1. 理论研究：研究ESL技术的基本原理、算法及其在汽车防撞雷达系统中的应用。
2. 系统设计：设计基于ESL的汽车防撞雷达系统的硬件和软件结构，包括传感器、算法、数据处理和显示等组成部分。
3. 系统实现：基于ESL技术开发汽车防撞雷达系统的软件程序和硬件接口，实现数据采集、处理、判断和相应操作等功能。
4. 系统测试：对基于ESL的汽车防撞雷达系统进行功能测试和性能测试，评估系统的预警效果和稳定性等指标。
三、研究意义1. 提高汽车防撞雷达系统的精度、速度和准确性，降低车辆事故的发生率，保障交通安全。
2. 探索ESL技术在汽车防撞雷达领域的应用，丰富该领域的技术研究。
3. 为汽车行业的科技创新提供技术支撑和思路借鉴。
四、研究方法1. 理论分析：对ESL技术进行分析和研究，结合汽车防撞雷达系统的特点，确定系统设计方案。
2. 系统设计：采用模块化设计思想，将传感器、算法、数据处理和显示等组成部分分别设计，保证系统功能的完整性和灵活性。
3. 系统实现：使用C++语言开发ESL程序，设计合理的算法，搭建系统软硬件接口。
4. 系统测试：对系统进行功能测试和性能测试，其中性能测试较为关键，需要考虑测试环境、测试数据和测试手段等因素。
五、论文结构第一章：绪论1.1 研究背景1.2 国内外研究现状1.3 研究内容及意义第二章：ESL技术基础2.1 ESL基本概念和特点2.2 ESL编程模型和语法2.3 ESL系统架构和应用领域第三章：汽车防撞雷达系统设计3.1 系统硬件设计3.2 系统软件设计3.3 数据处理和显示设计第四章：系统实现4.1 硬件接口实现4.2 ESL程序设计4.3 系统集成和调试第五章：系统测试5.1 测试环境和测试方法5.2 系统功能测试5.3 系统性能测试第六章：总结与展望6.1 研究总结6.2 研究展望参考文献。
Collision Warning Systems防碰撞预警系统
Collision Warning Systems防碰撞预警系统德尔福集团【期刊名称】《汽车与配件》【年(卷),期】2003(000)048【摘要】@@ 编者按:德尔福集团是全球最大的汽车零部件供应商,2002年全球销售额274.27亿美元,1999年5月28日,德尔福正式与通用汽车公司分离,成为完全独立的上市公司,德尔福已成为20 02年度全球500强中第147位.它在全球41个国家中有169家全资制造厂、42家合资企业,53个客户服务中心和销售代表处与32个技术中心.德尔福集团在移动电子、汽车零部件和系统技术方面居世界领先地位.德尔福产品主要分为两大部类.【总页数】1页(P38)【作者】德尔福集团【作者单位】无【正文语种】中文【中图分类】U463.5【相关文献】1.A Knowledge-based Warning System for Averting Pylon Collision [J], Yuexin;Li;Ling;Zhang;Ronggui;Luo2.The Study of Wireless Collision Avoidance and Early Warning System in Metro Vehicles [J], Qiaolian Zhou3.[新品名称]AWS汽车碰撞预警系统（Advance Collision Warning System）[J],4.Application of Machine Vision to Vehicle Automatic Collision Warning Algorithm [J], 王江锋;高峰;徐国艳;姚圣卓5.Vision-Based Vehicle Detection for a Forward Collision Warning System [J], Din-Chang Tseng;Ching-Chun Huang因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
车辆防撞系统外文翻译
车辆防撞系统外文翻译In one aspect the present invention broadly resides in aself-propelled robotic vehicle responsive to a radio frequency signal from a transmitter means including a vehicle frame means; at least two spaced apart receiver means adapted to receive the signal from the transmitter means; a processor operatively associated with the receiver means, said processor is programmed to process input from the at least two spaced apart receiver means to locate the position of the transmitter means and produce an electrical signal for the vehicle to move relative to the transmitter means in accordance with the processor programming; and drive means supported on the vehicle frame means and adapted to receive and act on the electrical signal sent from the processor to move the vehicle in accordance with the processor programming.一方面，这项发明主要是用一辆自动推进的遥控机器车辆对一台发射装置发射的高频信号进行反应,这包括一台车架装置，至少2台分开的用于接收来自发射装置信号的接收装置；一台与接收装置操作有关的处理器，这台处理器将设计用于处理至少2台分开的接收装置的输入来定位发射装置的位置并按照处理器编程设计发出电子信号指挥车辆移动到相关的发射装置那里，而用于支持车架及适用接收和反应来自处理器电子信号的驱动装置将按照处理器编程设计来移动车辆。
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外文翻译---汽车防撞雷达系统
毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译
系（院）：
专业：
姓名：
学号：
外文出处：0-7803-C(77-8/Ol/$10.00)2001 IEEE
(用外文写)
附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。
指导教师评语：
签名：（手写签名）
年月日
汽车防撞雷达系统
倪国庆刘长满管永军王满生
桂林空军学院消防系
1引言
汽车从1886诞生于德国到现在已经100多年了，自那时起，汽车工业的发展带彻底改变全世界人们的生活。
近年来，随着中国经济的发展，道路交通发展迅速，尤其是高速公路的建设，为我国经济的快速发展起到了重要作用。
但是，由于某些原因，如车多路少，公路等级比较低，混合的行人、汽车交通和管理不善。
因此，在我国交通事故发生率很高。
例如，从上海到南京的高速公路上，每年都有超过一起车辆连环相撞事故。
这些事故造成了生命和财产的巨大损失，那么有什么方法可以阻止这一切呢？本文作者认为，除了重视交通安全，执行严格的交通法规以及进行更好的管理之外。
我们应该建立一个先进的车载防撞雷达系统来自动限制车速，以减少交通事故。
2 总体方案和基本原则
2.1 总体结构框图
总体方案是根据上面的原则设计的，如下图所示：
调制器震荡源
发射天线
控制装置接收天线
信号处理
速度调
节器
指示
图1：汽车防撞雷达系统的总体结构
我们采用的是传统的火控雷达设计，它的原理是采用单脉冲系统，只用一根天线进行传输和接收。
这种设计一方面降低了成本，另一方面也简化了信号的处理。
该类型的雷达测距精度小于5米。
其中用于发送和接收的天线被设置在汽车的前面发射电磁波了。
而电磁反射板则被安装在前面车的车尾，以此反映来自后面车的波信号。
处在后面的车通过将从前面车接受来的信号进行放大、检测和整理，从而计算出两车之间的距离。
该计划的另一个优点是它的成本也比较低。
由于只有一个测距雷达所需的检测范围是固定的（1200），因此它的作用距离不长（约1km）。
而且源功率不高，几乎没有天线，所以它的成本很低。
2.2 发射机
2.2.1 频率选择
影响频率选择的主要因素是雷达的功能方面，雷达需要有良好的搜索功能，高测距精度，所以我们采用毫米波。
采用毫米波的优点：(1)由于其具有较短的波长度，因此该系统将比较紧凑，且具有高测距精度；(2)其带宽很宽。
在毫米波段，有四个窗口作为大气传输，它们分别在8.6mm,3.2mm，2.1mm和1.4mm附近。
每个窗口的带宽很宽，他们分别为16 GHz，23GHz，26GHz和70GHz；(3)传输窗口的大气衰减和损耗很低。
在悬浮颗粒和粉尘，烟雾和空气污染的情况下衰减也很低。
原因是其低地面散射，地杂波和多径干扰低。
有两个叫柳条和韦伯的美国人比较了微波雷达、毫米波雷达、光学雷达优缺点。
他们的特点如下表所示:
表1：不同波段雷达系统之间的性能比较
特点微波雷达光雷达毫米雷达
跟踪精确度低高中
分类识别度弱强中
隐蔽性差好中
空中搜索能力强弱中
在恶劣环境下好差中
在雾或灰尘的环
好中差
境下
2.2.2 震荡源
雷达发射机主要由高频电源、调制器和电源组成。
有两种方法产生的高频电源：功率振荡器和主振放大。
本系统主要采用功率放大器作为振荡源，用于信号处理。
其优点为重量轻，体积小，比较方便。
主振荡器可应用于本系统的交叉场放大器和速调管及行波管和晶体管放大器等，通常它是应用在需要这种稳定场合的低功率器件。
例如：它们可以被用来作为相干运动目标指示系统的终端功率放大器，脉冲压缩雷达和脉冲多普勒系统。
2.2.3 发射天线
以下是某跟踪雷达的设计原理：采用定向天线来集中精力，使光束为针状波束。
其中，技术比较成熟的是一种较为理想的卡氏天线。
天线的选择取决于系统的要求：可随时检测的最大数量的目标；要跟踪的目标数目；速度和方位角和俯仰角的目标的目标和可能的范围的机动。
这些扫描仪包括最简单的和最便宜的机械扫描仪，复杂和昂贵的电子扫描仪。
其中，前者可以在不要求的情况下使用，后者可以是一个非常苛刻的条件下使用。
在两者之间的是混合扫描仪和机电扫描器。
最简单的是扫描式固定梁系统。
这种类型的系统，如唤醒测距雷达，不需要天线波束扫描。
我们就采用这种扫描。
2.3 信号处理系统
2.3.1 接收器
通过收发转换开关，反射电磁波信号进入接收机的信道得到混频后的中频信
号，然后将中频信号送入整流探测器进过放大后输出视频信号。
本系统采用超外差接收机，由于其具有较高的灵敏度和较低的成本，因此工作比较顺利。
在这个系统中，我们采用无冷却毫米波外差接收机，它采用的是梁式引线的砷化镓半导体器件。
非常适合用于频率范围是30到100兆赫之间的接收机。
目前导波分量频率超过100兆赫，而且该技术已经得到了广泛的应用。
因此，许多不同的传播媒介和技术也已发现毫米波集成电路的发展及其应用。
现在，许多多功能的组件已经被运用于悬浮带状线、微型带状线、鳍线缺口线和波导。
他们的频率在35到100兆赫之间。
毫米波接收机与普通微波接收机的结构是相同的。
总的来说，毫米波接收机使用高中频，但毫米波接收机在低频段（30000兆赫）采用和微波接收机相同的技术。
如集成电路接收器，气体放电管收发开关保护装置，接收机，滤波器，隔离器和幅度有限的环行器，PIN开关等。
2.3.2 数字信号处理
现在，雷达数字信号处理变得非常流行。
这使得我们生成数字信号并进行过滤成为现实，随着模拟/数字转换器和集成电路技术的发展以及快速傅立叶计算的出现。
数字信号处理已在其稳定性、重复性和灵活性上，显示出其优势。
理论上，数字信号处理在波形和滤波器功能上没有任何限制。
随着数字计算机的出现，我们可以有效地根据采样定理处理连续雷达信号。
频谱是基于采样的信号计算组。
2.3.3 数字脉冲压缩
在脉冲压缩技术中，数字系统能力十分强大，它可以在有效的时间内去做各种各样的处理。
在做完模拟信号到数字信号的转换处理之后，处理的数据可以存储在内存中，继续以一个较快或较慢的速度进行非实时处理。
为什么采用脉冲压缩技术？这主要是因为它具有强大的改进测试能力和更强的抗干扰性。
在一个非常密集活跃的电磁环境中，雷达之间彼此干扰将成为该课题一个非常严重的问题。
为此，我们不断研究，查找了大量的资料。
最终找到了使用不同的调制码和不同的匹配滤波器，从而达到了在脉冲压缩雷达设计中可以减少的雷达之间的相互干扰的目的。
2.3.4 数字匹配滤波
理想的数字匹配滤波方法是采用加权法计算抽头延迟线。
但是，最近快速傅立叶变换其周边卷积取代了这种方法。
随着装配线快速傅立叶变换技术的发展和浮点
设备的发展，宽动态范围和高速度的匹配滤波处理装置已经出现。
这个新的匹配滤波的处理方法称为步进变换，它使用子孔径处理，不仅降低了快速傅立叶变换的规模，并且其硬件不超过快速傅立叶卷积处理的一半。
2.4 显示器
在这个系统中，雷达显示器属于辅助设备类。
它主要提供司机两车的车距，显示速度。
我们采用比较流行的等离子体显示器，它可以通过微处理器完成经典程序和预编译的程序。
该等离子体显示器可以生成点、线和特殊符号，如小圆圈和块等。
等离子体显示器具有很多优点：与阴极射线管相比，它具有较高的稳定性，具有更长的使用寿命和更高的亮度比。
考虑到成本，我们将显示数据的部分采用发光二极管阵列。
2.5 控制和调整速度
装载机的雷达测量出两车之间的距离，将其转换成数字信号并与他的安全距离比较(1.5m)。
如果测量的距离小于安全距离。
该雷达将输出一个正误差信号来控制调节系统来降低汽车的速度，直到两车达到设置距离。
否则，该雷达将输出一个负误差信号来控制和调整汽车的移动速度。
汽车的速度不能超过速度限制。
此外，如果司机不想有这么高的速度，他可以进行手动控制。
当有一个负误差信号时，司机进行手动控制时将出字幕。
速度会自动减慢。
最适合的调速系统为无级变速系统。
该控制系统如图2所示：
图2：速度控制系统框图
实际测量数 两车车距的最
加速数据 误差信号电路 可调装置
数字计算
3 小结
这是一个二十一世纪非常关键的项目，它的出现可以减少一些不必要的经济损失，从而创造更大的经济效益和社会效益，具有重大的意义。
其原型也已经产生，不过到目前为止它还只是个实验。
因此，大家如果有任何意见和建议，十分欢迎。
附件2：外文原文（复印件）(网络查阅的资料可以打印)。