语言学教程-chapter6PPT课件
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认知语言学
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1
含义 渊源 基本理论 应用
.
2
What is Cognition?
Mental processes, information processing
Mental process or faculty of knowing, including awareness, perception, reasoning, and judgment.
Johnson, Mark. 1987.The body in the mind: The bodily basis of meaning, imagination, and reason. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press.
.
13
世界 认知的两个层面
事物 认识事物
范畴
其关系 认识其关系 意象图式
.
14
含义： An image-schema is a “skeletal” mental
representation of a recurrent pattern of embodied (especially spatial or kinesthetic) experience. 意象图式是在对事物之间基本关系的认知的基 础上所构成的认知结构
员和边缘成员之分
.
11
行为 & 事件范畴
含义 也符合原型理论
例子：lie & white lie 也包含三个层次
例子：move-walk-limp，hobble，amble， wander
例子：meal-breakfast-fast breakfast
.
12
Image Schema（意象图式）
.
16
Containment schema
Involves a physical or metaphorical
.
17
Bodily experience: human bodies as containers.
Structural elements: interior, boundary, exterior
范畴：指事物在认知中的归类
.
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
5
层次：
basic level superordinate level subordinate level.
.
6
Basic Category （基本范畴）
含义：
特征
.
7
superordinate Category
含义
.
8
subordinate Category
.
3
Cognitive Linguistics
Cognition is the way we think.
Cognitive linguistics is the scientific study of the relation between the way we communicate and the way we think.
类型：
.
15
Center-periphery schema
Involves
a physical or metaphorical core and edge, and
degrees of distance from the core.
Examples (English):
An individual’s social sphere, with family and friends at the core and others having degrees of peripherality
It is an approach to language that is based on our experience of the world and the way we perceive and conceptualize it.
.
4
含义：
Categorization （范畴化）：The process of classifying our experiences into different categories based on commonalities and differences
Examples：
The ship is coming into view. She’s deep in thought. We stood in silence.
.
18
Cycle schema
Involves repetitious events and event series. Its structure includes the following:
A starting point A progression through successive events
without backtracking A return to the initial state
The schema often has superimposed on it a structure that builds toward a climax and then goes through a release or decline.
.
19
Examples (English)
Days Weeks Years Sleeping and waking Breathing Circulation Emotional buildup and
release
.
20
End-of-path schema
An image schema in which a location is understood as the termination of a prescribed path
含义
.
9
Basic level
Superordinate level Animal
Horse
Dog
Cat
Chihuahua
German shepherd
dachshund
Subordinate level Vertical organization
.
10
原型理论
Prototypes：the best examples of a category 作用 原形范畴的特点： ✓ 成员之间享有家族相似性 ✓ 成员之间的地位不是平等的，具有中心成
.
1
含义 渊源 基本理论 应用
.
2
What is Cognition?
Mental processes, information processing
Mental process or faculty of knowing, including awareness, perception, reasoning, and judgment.
Johnson, Mark. 1987.The body in the mind: The bodily basis of meaning, imagination, and reason. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press.
.
13
世界 认知的两个层面
事物 认识事物
范畴
其关系 认识其关系 意象图式
.
14
含义： An image-schema is a “skeletal” mental
representation of a recurrent pattern of embodied (especially spatial or kinesthetic) experience. 意象图式是在对事物之间基本关系的认知的基 础上所构成的认知结构
员和边缘成员之分
.
11
行为 & 事件范畴
含义 也符合原型理论
例子：lie & white lie 也包含三个层次
例子：move-walk-limp，hobble，amble， wander
例子：meal-breakfast-fast breakfast
.
12
Image Schema（意象图式）
.
16
Containment schema
Involves a physical or metaphorical
.
17
Bodily experience: human bodies as containers.
Structural elements: interior, boundary, exterior
范畴：指事物在认知中的归类
.
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
5
层次：
basic level superordinate level subordinate level.
.
6
Basic Category （基本范畴）
含义：
特征
.
7
superordinate Category
含义
.
8
subordinate Category
.
3
Cognitive Linguistics
Cognition is the way we think.
Cognitive linguistics is the scientific study of the relation between the way we communicate and the way we think.
类型：
.
15
Center-periphery schema
Involves
a physical or metaphorical core and edge, and
degrees of distance from the core.
Examples (English):
An individual’s social sphere, with family and friends at the core and others having degrees of peripherality
It is an approach to language that is based on our experience of the world and the way we perceive and conceptualize it.
.
4
含义：
Categorization （范畴化）：The process of classifying our experiences into different categories based on commonalities and differences
Examples：
The ship is coming into view. She’s deep in thought. We stood in silence.
.
18
Cycle schema
Involves repetitious events and event series. Its structure includes the following:
A starting point A progression through successive events
without backtracking A return to the initial state
The schema often has superimposed on it a structure that builds toward a climax and then goes through a release or decline.
.
19
Examples (English)
Days Weeks Years Sleeping and waking Breathing Circulation Emotional buildup and
release
.
20
End-of-path schema
An image schema in which a location is understood as the termination of a prescribed path
含义
.
9
Basic level
Superordinate level Animal
Horse
Dog
Cat
Chihuahua
German shepherd
dachshund
Subordinate level Vertical organization
.
10
原型理论
Prototypes：the best examples of a category 作用 原形范畴的特点： ✓ 成员之间享有家族相似性 ✓ 成员之间的地位不是平等的，具有中心成