现在分词作状有几种形式
现在分词作状语的分类
现在分词作状语的分类现在分词作状语的分类☆一般来说，-ing形式表示主动、进行；过去分词表示被动、完成。
☆-ing形式作状语，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。
如：▲doing sth.作时间状语：﹡Seeing my parents waving in the crowd，I went running to them.﹡Crossing the road, the old man was knocked over by a car.=When he was crossing the road, the old man was knocked over by a car.﹡(When) Hearing the news, he got frightened.= When he heard the news, he got frightened.﹡Having eaten his dinner, the boy rushed out.﹡Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.﹡Having received his letter, I decided to write back.▲doing sth.作原因状语：Being a teacher，you should help your students in every way.Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.Not knowing her address, I can't write to her.Having lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.Having eaten too much, he couldn’t go to sleep.▲doing sth.作结果状语：﹡There is mud and water everywhere, making it difficult to travel from place to place.making it difficult to travel from place to place 是结果状语。
现在分词作状语
5) Four people entered the room looking
around in a curious way. 伴随状语 = Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way. 6) He came running back to tell me the news. 方式
13. Generally speaking, ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking
B. when taken
C. when to take
D. when to be taken
Choose the best answer.
1. The stranger said something in a
_______ voice and the little girl was very much _______. A. frightening, frightened B. frightened, frightening C. frightening, frightening D. frightened, frightened
5. “Can’t you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall. pointing
6. Knocking at the door before entering, please. Knock 7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world. making
分词作状语的类型
分词作状语的类型分词作状语是英语中常见的语法结构，它通过使用动词的现在分词或过去分词来修饰或补充句子的主语、谓语或宾语，以提供额外的信息。
分词作状语在句子中具有多种类型，本文将对这些类型进行阐述。
1. 分词作时间状语分词可以用来表示动作发生的时间，作为时间状语。
例如：- Running late, John hurried to catch the bus.- Having finished his homework, Tom went to bed.这两个例子中，分词"running"和"having finished"作为时间状语，分别修饰主语"John"和"Tom"，表达了他们做完某个动作后的情况。
2. 分词作原因状语分词可以用来表示动作发生的原因，作为原因状语。
例如：- Being tired, Mary decided to take a break.- Having failed the test, he felt disappointed.这两个例子中，分词"being tired"和"having failed"作为原因状语，分别修饰主语"Mary"和"he"，表达了他们做某个动作的原因。
3. 分词作条件状语分词可以用来表示动作发生的条件，作为条件状语。
例如：- If accepted, I will start working next week.- Without any money, he couldn't buy the ticket.这两个例子中，分词"accepted"和"without any money"作为条件状语，分别修饰主语"I"和"he"，表达了他们做某个动作所需要的条件或限制。
现在分词作状语有几种形式-有用
(4)表示结果
a. The old man died, leaving nothing but debts.
b. we hurried to school ,finding there were no students in the school.
c. They opened fire, killing one of our patrolmen.
2
Relying on our own efforts, we overcame all the difficulties.
They stood there for an hour ,watching the game.
Don’t just stand there doing nothing.
Judging from his accent, he seemed to be from Hunan province.
=If we judge…
29
Generally speaking, every spy has a contact.
Considering his age, he was helped by the young fellow.
23
注意2：分词作状语时，分词和 句子的主语一定要有逻辑上的主 谓关系
逻辑上的主谓关系即分词的动作 由句子的主语发出或承受．
24
We are sitting here, making notes. make的动作由主语我们 发出
Being scolded by his mother, the boy hung his head. Scold 的动作由the boy承受
27
He entering the office, a letter was found on the ground.
现在分词作状语
现在分词作状语现在分词作状语2021/3/18一般来说，-ing形式表示主动和进步——作为状语，ing可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随情况、，现在分词（doing）作为状语的一般形式表示动作与谓语所指示的动作同时发生，而完成形式（having do）作为状语表示动作发生在谓语所指示的动作之前通常相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。
一般说来，这种结构的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
一、现在分词短语用作时间状语有三种情况：1．分词动作一发生，谓语动作紧跟着发生，这时用现在分词的一般式作时间状语，其逻辑主语为句中的主语。
常用的动词，如：hear,see,arrive,return,getto,look,open,close,leave,turnaround,walk等，表示一个极短暂动作。
这种情况可以替换为on+gerund，意思相同。
翻译\我（刚刚）？？Just\这种情况也可以用when引导的时间状语从句代替。
这个从句的动词大多用一般过去时来表达。
如：hearingtheirteacher'svoice,thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.（=onhearingtheirteacher'svoice?=whentheyheardtheirteacher'svoice,thepupils?）一听到教师的声音，学生们立即停止讲话。
2.如果谓语动作发生在分词所指的动作过程中，使用when/while+现在分词的一般形式，分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
在这种情况下，可以使用In+动名词的一般形式。
它也可以被时间状语从句代替，由when和while引导。
这个从句的谓语动词是进行时态。
如：don'tbecarelesswhen/whilehavinganexam.=don'tbecarelessinhavinganexam.=don'tbec arelesswhen/whileyouarehavinganexam.考试时不要粗心。
现在分词作状语有几种形式
形式上的区别
动名词以“-ing”结尾，但作用 相当于名词；现在分词也以“ing”结尾，但作用相当于形容词 或副词。
时间关系
动名词作为主语或宾语时，其动 作通常与谓语动词的动作同时发 生；而现在分词作状语时，可以 表示与谓语动词同时或不同时的 动作。
与过去分词作状语的比较
语态差异
过去分词表示被动和完成，而现在分词表 示主动和进行。
独立主格结构作状语
01
独立主格结构是由一个相当于 主语的名词或代词加上非谓语 动词、形容词（副）词或介词 短语构成的一种独立成分。
02
独立主格结构在句中作状语， 可表示时间、原因、条件、伴 随等。
03
独立主格结构中的逻辑主语与 句子的主语不同，它独立存在 。
with复合结构作状语
with复合结构是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词 with或without的复合宾语。
01
时间性
现在分词强调动作正在进行或与谓语动 词同时发生，而不定式则表示动作发生 在谓语动词之后或表示目的。
02
03
语态和语气
现在分词可以表示主动和进行，而不 定式则可以表示将来、目的、结果等 多种语气。
与动名词作状语的比较
功能差异
动名词具有名词性质，主要作为 主语、宾语等；现在分词则主要 用作状语，描述动作或状态。
03
现在分词作状语时，需要注意其与谓语动词的时态和语态的一致性。
04
在某些情况下，现在分词作状语可能需要使用完成时态或被动语态等 形式来表达更准确的含义。
PART 05
现在分词作状语与其他状 语的比较
与不定式作状语的比较
形式差异
现在分词以“-ing”结尾，而不定式以“to + 动词原形 ”构成。
现在分词作状语
1. 形式主动形式被动形式一般时doing being done完成时having done having been done否定形式：直接在现在分此前加not2.各形式的意义1)现在分词一般形式表示与谓语动作同时发生。
We walked along the river bank, talking and laughing.2)现在分词完成时表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。
Having finished the work, she got ready to go shopping.3)现在分词的被动形式a) 一般时：分词与谓语动作同时发生的被动动作The question being discussed is of great importance.b)完成时：分词先于谓语动作之前发生的被动动作Having been seriously hurt in the accident, he had to be taken to hospital immediately.3.功能: 作状语(现在分词可以做时间，条件，结果，让步，方式等状语，相当于相应的状语从句。
)1)伴随状语：分词等于and连接两个句子The children ran out of the classroom. They laughed and talked happily.The children ran out of the classroom，and they laughed and talked happily.The children ran out of the classroom, laughing and talking happily.2)原因状语。
相当于since引导的状语从句She saw nobody at home. She decided to leave them a note.Since she saw nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.We don’t know her address. We couldn't get in touch with her.Since we don’t know her address, we couldn't get in touch with her.Not knowing her address, we couldn't get in touch with her.3) 时间状语,相当于when引导的状语从句He saw those pictures. He couldn’t help thinking of those unforgettable days in the war.When he saw those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking f those unforgettable days in the war.Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those unforgettable days in the war.4) 条件状语相当于if等引导的条件状语从句，常位于句首Y ou work hard. Y ou will succeed.If you work hard, you will succeed.Working hard, you will succeed.5) 结果状语现在分词表示必然的结果The accident happened last night. The accident caused three deaths.The accident happened last night, and the accident caused three deaths. The accident happened last night, causing three deaths.注意1：不是每个状语从句都能用现在分词替换只有当分词和句子的主语一致时，才能用分词替换．After the class is over, the children went back home.When he saw those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking f those unforgettable days in the war.注意2：现在分词作状语时，分词和句子的主语一定要有逻辑上的主谓关系（主动）We are sitting here, making notes.make的动作由主语we发出注意3: 如果分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，则在分词结构前加逻辑主语，构成分词的独立主格结构When all the guests have arrived, the meeting was declared open.All the guests having arrived,the meeting was decleared open.注意4: 现在分词独立成分的特殊使用：generally speaking(一般来说);frankly speaking(坦白的说);exactly speaking(严密/确切的说);judging from/by…(根据～判断);Generally speaking,girls are more interested in leterature than boys. Judging from her accent,she must come from Arabian countries.。
高中英语2024届高考复习现在分词作状语在写作中的运用知识讲解
现在分词作状语在写作中的应用首先我们得了解以下知识点：1.现在分词具有动词的一些特征，所以现在分词也有时态与语态的变化，具体如下：现在分词的一般式(以do为例）：主动：doing被动being done现在分词的完成式：主动：having done被动having been done2.现在分词具有形容词和副词的句法功能，所以分词在句中可以充当表语、定语、补语与状语的功能作用。
针对在写作中的实际作用，本文将对现在分词做状语进行讲解。
一、现在分词做时间状语现在分词表示的动作和谓语动作同时发生或紧接着发生，就用一般式：V-ing例句1:Hearing the good news, they all jumped with joy.听到这个好消息，他们都高兴得跳起来。
可以用时间状语从句替换：When they heard the good news, they all jumped with joy.例句2：Standing on the stage, a sense of tension welled up in my heart.站在舞台上，紧张感油然而生。
可以用时间状语从句替换：When I stood on the stage, a sense of tension welled up in my heart.【仿写练习】看着这些照片，往日记忆涌上心头。
1.用现在分词作时间状语：_______________________________2.可以改为时间状语从句：_______________________________【答案】1.Seeing these photos, memories of those old days flooded into his mind2.When I saw these photos, memories of those old days flooded into his mind.在强调现在分词动作先于谓语动作时，用完成式：having doneeg:Having eaten her lunch, the girl rushed out.那女孩吃完了午饭就跑出去了.（先吃eat 后跑出rush out)Having thought about the present situation for a while, Roy decided to apologize to Jane .思考现状一会儿后，Roy 决定向Jane道歉。
现在分词作状语
4. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, _____ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake. (福建2010) A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent
Having been translated ______________________into many languages, the book was widely read all over the world. ( translate ) Having finished _____________his homework , he went to bed. ( finish )
T
Practice
单句改错
1. Having not seen the film, I can’t tell you what I think of it. Not having 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. working 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. Seeing 4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too. speaking
5. “Can’t you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall. pointing 6. Knocking at the door before entering, please. Knock 7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world. making
现在分词作状语-过去分词作状语-表语-宾补-定语
V-ing（此刻分词）作状语v-ed/done(过去分词 )作状语，表语，定语，宾补一．此刻分词的形式形式主动形被动形式否认形式式一般式doing being notdone doing/beingdone达成式having having notdone been done having(been)done二．此刻分词作状语辨析：动词的 -ing形式和动词不定式作结果状语的差别。
句子功能例句1.作时间状语，相当于Crossing the road,the old man was knocked over by awhen,while,as,after 等指引car.=When he was crossing the road,the old man was 的时间状语从句knocked over by a car.2.作原由状语，相当于Having eaten too much,he couldn 't go to sleep.=Because heas,because,since等指引的原had eaten too much,he couldn't go to sleep.因状语从句3.作条件状语，相当于Using your head,you'll find a good way. =If you use yourif,once,unless等指引的条件head, you'll find a good way.状语从句4. 作方式或陪伴状语，相当于Four people entered the room looking around in a curiousand 连结的并列谓语动词。
way. =Four people entered the room and looked around ina curious way.5. 作结果状语，可扩展为有并It rained heavily,causing flooding in that city.=It列谓语的句子。
现在分词做伴随状语
大家来找茬：1. She s Nhomakorabeat at the desk, and reading a newspaper.
2. He said it angrily, pointed at the notice on the wall.
现在分词做伴随状语在作文中的应用
找出现在分词做伴随状语的句子：
On the Lunar New Year Eve, we all gather together, having a big family reunion dinner. Then follows the Spring Gala, in the evening the whole family are sitting together, watching TV, when many a star will turn up on the stage, bringing us so much pleasure that we are drowned in admiring their performances. Meanwhile, many people stay up all the night, playing all kinds of games.
Thank you
如何写出一个现在分词做伴随状语的句子:
例句：许多人一整晚熬夜不睡，玩各种各样的游戏 1. Many people stay up all the night Many people play all kinds of games.
2. Many people stay up all the night and play all kinds of games.
现在分词做作状语
现在分词做作状语分词作为状语是一种常见的用法，它可以修饰句子的主语、谓语、宾语或整个句子。
根据分词的形式和用法，可以分为以下几种情况：1. 现在分词作主语状语：现在分词可以单独作主语状语，表示伴随动作或状态。
例如：- Swimming is a good way to keep fit. (游泳是保持健康的好方法。
)- Running in the morning is refreshing. (早晨跑步很令人神清气爽。
)2. 现在分词作时间状语：现在分词可以表示时间状况，常用的有while, when, before, after等引导词。
例如：- While studying, he listened to music. (他一边学习，一边听音乐。
)- After finishing his homework, he went out for a walk. (做完作业后，他出去散步了。
)3. 现在分词作原因状语：现在分词可以表示原因或理由。
例如：- Being tired, she went to bed early. (她累了，所以早早上床睡觉了。
)- Having missed the bus, he had to walk home. (他错过了公交车，只能步行回家了。
)4. 现在分词作结果状语：现在分词可以表示结果，常用的情况有so, therefore等引导词。
例如：- He studied hard so as to pass the exam. (他努力学习，以便通过考试。
)- The weather was bad, so they stayed at home. (天气不好，所以他们呆在家里。
)。
动名词和现在分词做状语
动名词和现在分词做状语动名词和现在分词作状语都是动词的一种非谓语形式，属于动词性状语，可以用来表示主句中动作的伴随情况，或者指出主句中动作发生的时间、原因、方式等，有时也可以体现主句中动作的效果。
一、动名词作状语动名词作状语是指用动名词来表示主句中的动作，它包括“-ing形式”和“to do形式”。
1. -ing形式动名词的-ing形式是指使用动词的现在分词形式，它可以用来表示主句所述的动作的伴随情况，它可以用来修饰动词，也可以用来修饰名词、形容词或副词，甚至可以单独作状语。
e.g. I found him walking in the street.他我发现他在街上走。
2. to do形式动名词的to do形式是指使用不定式形式，它一般表示主句中动作的目的或意图，它可以用来修饰动词，也可以用来修饰名词、形容词或副词，甚至可以单独作状语。
e.g. He left early to catch the train.他早早离开是为了赶火车。
二、现在分词作状语现在分词也可以作状语，它表示主句中的动作发生的时间、原因、方式等，有时也可以体现主句中动作的效果。
1. 表示时间现在分词常用来表示一个动作发生的时间，可以用来修饰动词，也可以用来修饰名词、形容词或副词，甚至可以单独作状语。
e.g. Arriving late, he found his seat occupied.他迟到了，发现自己的座位被占了。
2. 表示原因现在分词常用来表示一个动作发生的原因，它一般作为状语放在主句的前面。
e.g. Being sick, he stayed home.他因为生病，所以留在家中。
3. 表示方式现在分词常用来表示一个动作的方式，它一般作为状语放在主句的前面。
e.g. Taking a taxi, we got there in no time.我们坐出租车很快就到了。
4. 表示效果现在分词常用来表示一个动作的效果，它一般作为状语放在主句的前面。
现在分词作状语用
现在分词作状语用现在分词作状语，其实多数情况下是现在分词和它的连带成分一起作状语，即现在分词短语作状语，相当于其相应的状语从句。
多数情况下置于句首，也可置于句末。
例：1.作时间状语Entering the classroom, the students began to read English.一进教室，学生们就开始读英语。
（相当于As soon as/After they entered the classroom）2.作原因状语The girl doesn't feel like eating any food, being ill for a few days.女孩不想吃任何食物，她病了好几天了。
（相当于Because she has been ill for a few days或Because of her being ill for a few days）3.作条件状语Working hard, he will succeed in passing the English examination.努力学习的话，他就可以通过英语考试。
（相当于从句If he works hard）4.作让步状语Being tired after work, he still insists on studying French.下班后很累，他任然坚持学习法语。
（相当于Though he is tired after work或Though tired after work）5.作结果状语People all over the world sing the song, making it popular.全世界的人都唱这首歌，使它流行了起来。
（相当于so that they make it popular）6.作方式状语Travelling by car , we enjoyed many beautifull places.乘车旅行，我们欣赏了很多优美地方。
现在分词作状语的用法
用作状语的分词称为分词从句或分词短语，用于表示句子中与主动词同时发生或在主动词之后发生的动作。
以下是将分词用作状语的一些常见方法：
分词短语：分词短语是分词加上任何宾语、补语和/或修饰语。
例如，“在公园散步时，她看到了一只兔子”。
在这句话中，“walking in the park”是分词短语，作为状语修饰“she saw”。
现在分词：现在分词是由动词的基本形式加上“-ing”构成的。
例如，“工作到很晚，她半夜才回家”。
在这句话中，“Working late”是现在分词，作为状语修饰“she didn't get home until midnight”。
过去分词：过去分词通常通过在规则动词后加“-ed”或对不规则动词使用第二种形式来构成。
例如，“完成项目，他去度假了”。
在这句话中，“Finished with the project”是过去分词，作为状语修饰“he went on vacation”。
重要的是要记住，如果一个句子中有多个分词从句，分词从句应该相互平行，并且它们的时态也应该与句子的主句一致。
现在分词作状语
现在分词作状语现在分词作状语时, 分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语, 分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系, 否则不能用现在分词作状语。
但要注意它的各种形式变化:主动形式被动形式一般式V-ing being V-ed完成式having V-ed having been V-ede. g. Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom.听见铃声, 学生们开始走进教室。
(听见和进入两个动作同时发生)The building being built now is our new library. 现在正在建造的这栋楼房室我们的新图书馆。
(being built为现在分词的被动形式, 表示动作正在进行之中)Having done the work, he went home. 完成了工作, 他就回家了。
现在分词在句中作状语, 修饰谓语动词或整个句子, 表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。
现在分词一般不用作表目的地状语(通常用不定式表目的地状语)。
1)表时间状语Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.(=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.)While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.(=While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.)2) 表原因状语Being ill, he didn’t go to school.(=as he was ill, he didn’t go to school.)既然你是一个学生, 你就应该努力学习。
现在分词作状语(1)
现在分词的构成（以do为例）
一般式 完成式
否定式
主
动 式
doing
having done
not doing
not having done
被 动 式
being done (正在被做)
having been done (已经被做完)
not having been done
I.作时间状语：
1. While I was walking in the street, I saw Tom.
B. makes D. to make
5. “Can’t you read?” Mary said __A__ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
2. As he doesn’t allow anyone else to do his stunts, Jackie Chan has had numerous broken bones.
Not allowing anyone else to do his stunts, Jackie Chan has had numerous broken bones. 3. As he hadn’t brought her address, he had difficulty in finding her house. Not having brought her address, he had difficulty in finding her house.
Walking in the street, I saw Tom. 2. When he had read through a score, he could recall every note even many years later.
现在分词作状语的七种用法
现在分词作状语的七种用法
1. 表示时间，看呐，Walking in the park, I saw a beautiful flower.（当我在公园散步时，看到了一朵漂亮的花。
）
2. 表示原因，你想想，Being ill, he didn't go to school.（因为生病了，他没去上学。
）
3. 表示条件，要是，Working hard, you will succeed.（努力工作，你就会成功。
）
4. 表示伴随，哎呀，She sat there reading a book.（她坐在那儿读着一本书。
）
5. 表示方式，就像，He came running.（他跑着过来了。
）
6. 表示结果，哇塞，The cup fell on the ground, breaking into pieces.（杯子掉在地上，摔成了碎片。
）
7. 表示让步，即便，Knowing it's hard, he still tries.（尽管知道很难，他还是尝试。
）
这不就是现在分词作状语的七种用法嘛，很简单易懂吧！多有意思呀是不是！。
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Generally speaking, every spy has a contact.
Considering his age, he was helped by the young fellow.
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高考链接
1.The secretary worked late into the night, _B____a long speech for the president.
go to the cinema with them. =Because he had seen the film ,…
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（2）相当于时间状语从句
Turning around (=When she turned around), she saw an ambulance driving up.
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1.现在分词何时用一般形式?
⑴当分词的动作是由主语发出，而且 和谓语动词同时发生，则用分词的一 般形式．
He was ill and didn’t attend the meeting.
=Being ill, he didn’t attend the meeting.
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⑵如果分词表示的是一个极短暂的动 作,这动作一发生,谓语表示的动作立 即发生,也用分词的一般形式.
A. To prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 现在分词作伴随状语
2.European football is played in 80 countries, ___A___ it the most popular sport in the world.
Time permitting, I’ll call on you this Sunday.
He entering the office, a letter was found on the ground.
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分词作状语时,在少数情况下,其逻辑 主语与句子的主语不一致,分词用来 修饰全句
Judging from his accent, he seemed to be from Hunan province.
A. Making B. makes 现C在. 分ma词d表e 结D.果to状m语ake
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3. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ___A____ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily point D. and angrily pointing
现在分词作伴随状语
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4. __C__ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having
received D. Having not received 作原因状语
现在分词作原因状语，分词结构中否 定词通常放在现在分词前面。
Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
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2.现在分词何时用完成形式？
当分词的动作是由主语发出，而 且发生在谓语动作之前，则用分 词的完成形式．
Having finished the class, she went home.
=After she finished the class…
the city more beautiful. Seeing
4. Generally speak, facial expressions are
helpful communications, too. speaking
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The ing-form used as adverbial
现在分词作状语有四种形式 1.一般形式，由动词原形＋ing构成． 2.完成形式，由having+过去分词． 3.进行被动式：由being＋过去分词 4.完成被动式：由having been＋过去
分词构成
现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的 前面加not (never)
Having been praised for his job, Tom worked harder.
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现在分词作状语相当于状语从 句可表时间，原因，方式，伴 随情况，结果或条件等
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(1)相当于原因状语从句
a. Being ill, she didn’t g to school today.
=As she is ill, … b. Having seen the film ,he didn’t
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(3)表示行为方式，伴随情况或 补充说明等
The students went away, running and laughing.
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(4)表示结果
a. The old man died, leaving nothing but debts.
b. we hurried to school ,finding there were no students in the school.
Being scolded by his mother, the boy hung his head. Scold 的动作由the boy承受
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注意2：如果分词和句子没有 逻辑上的主谓关系，则不能用 单个的分词作状语，可以用分 词的独立主格结构或状语从 句．
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现在分词的独立结构为名词或代 词＋分词，名词或代词是分的 逻辑主语
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单句改错
1. Having not seen the film, I can’t tell
you what I think of it. Not having 2. The men worked for extra hours got an
extra pay.
working
3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find
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(5)表示条件 If playing all day ,you will
waste your valuable time.
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注意1：不是每个状语从句都能用 分词替换
只有当分词的逻辑主语是句子 的主语时，才能用分词替换．
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We are sitting here, making notes. make的动作由主语我们 发出
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3.现在分词何时用进行被动式？
当分词的动作由主语承受，而且 分词的动作与谓语动词同时发生 时．
Being criticized by the employer, the new employee hung his head.
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4.现在分词何时用完成的被动式？ 当分词表示的动作在谓语所表示 的动作之前发生，且分词表示的 动作由主语承受．