研究生英语课程(1)

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摘要的写作格式
传统式 结构式
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传统式摘要多为一段式，在内容上大致包括引言 (Introduction)、方法(Methods)、结果(Results)和 讨论(Discussion)等主要方面.
20世纪80年代出现了另一种摘要文体．即“结构 式摘要”，它实质上是资料性摘要的结构化表达， 使其内容一日了然。
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摘要的内容
完整的医学英文摘要包括下列内容： 1．标题(title) 2．作者姓名(name of the author) 3. 作者单位和地址(unit of the author／ address) 4．摘要正文(text of the abstract) 5. 关键词(key words)
Keywords: combination therapy; anti-cytokine therapy; early aggressive treatment; DMARDs; prognosis; outcome
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Baidu Nhomakorabea构式摘要
Techniques Available for Mr. Brain Scan Coregistration with Spect Imagin
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资料性摘要(也称信息性摘要或报道性摘要) 概括论文的主要信息，一般阐明研究的问 题和关键的研究成果，其特点是全面、简 要地概括论文的目的、方法、主要数据和 结论。通常，阅读这种摘要可以部分取代 阅读全文。
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描述—资料性摘要(也称说明—资料性摘要) 以资料性摘要的形式表述论文／报道中信 息价值较高的部分，以描述性摘要的形式 表述其余部分。
摘要的定义、用途和长度
摘要是作者研究过程、研究目的、研究方 法和研究结果的简要陈述和概括。通过阅 读摘要，读者可以对是否阅该全文或全书 作出决定，会议组织者可以判定论文是否 符合会议宗旨而作出取舍，研究项目的赞 助商也可了解项目的进展情况。摘要也是 作者的“卖点”，把自己的研究与同行分 享。 医学论文的英文摘要一般在150—300 词之间，但不同的医学杂志有不同的要求。
Abstract: Recent advance have made rheumatoid arthritis (RA) amenable to treatment. Clinical studies in patients with early and established RA have broadened understanding of its pathogenesis and have fundamentally changed the therapeutic approach to this disease. Quantum leaps in therapy including the use of early aggressive therapy, combination therapy, and the introduction of anti-cytokine agents have improved patients' quality of life, eased clinical symptoms, retarded the progression of joint destruction, and delayed disability. We review clinical evidence supporting these therapeutic approaches. Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges are highlighted, and a decision tree to guide treatment in patients with early or established RA is provided.
传统式摘要与结构式摘要的差别在于后者为了方 便读者了解论文的内容，行文中用醒目的字体(黑 体，全部大写或斜体等)直接标出目的、方法、结 果和结论等标题。
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传统式摘要
New Concepts in the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky and Peter E. Lipsky Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892;e-mail:goldbacr@mail.nih.gov
Robin A. Greene
Yale University School of Medicine
Purpose: There are many situations in which it would be desirable to combine the imaging information from two or more studies on the same patient. Magnetic Resonance (MR) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) provide complementary information. There exist many techniques which work with image processing algorithms that make it possible to superimpose the functional features of the SPECT study with the anatomic features of the MR. This technique is known as co-registration.
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摘要的类型
摘要一般分三类： 1．描述性摘要(descriptive abstract) 2. 资料性摘要(informative abstract) 3. 描述—资料性摘要(descriptiveinformative abstract)
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描述性摘要(也有人称为指示性摘要或说明 性摘要)一般只用两三句话概括论文／报道 的主题，而不涉及具体的数据和结论，通 常用于综述、会议报告等。此类摘要用于 帮助读者决定是否需要阅读全文。