虚拟语气和倒装
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If I were you, I would accept his advice. 倒装：
Were I you, I would accept his advice. 如果没有你的帮助，他会失败的。 If it weren’t for your help, he would fail.
2. 对过去情况的假设 假如他当初努力学习，他可能早得到奖 学金了。
If he had studied hard, he could have won the scholarship. 倒装：
Had he studied hard, he could have won the scholarship.
2. 对过去情况的假设 如果没有他，我们可能输了这场比赛。
If it hadn’t been for him, we would have lost the game. 倒装：
If I were to go to the moon some day, I could see it with my own eyes.
2）含蓄条件引导的虚拟语气
假设的条件由下列介词（短语）等引出
In the absence of, expect for, but for, without…
In the absence of gravity, there would be no air around the earth. 如果没有重力，地球就没有空气。 But for him, I would have been drowned. 要不是他，我就被淹死了。
Had it not been for him, we would have lost the game.
3. 对将来情况的假设 如果明天下雨，我们就要取消比赛。
If it should rain tomorrow we would cancel the race. 要是有一天我上了月球,我就能亲眼目 睹它的样子。
（when是从句的时间状语） • Why he killed her should be investigated. • How she will go to Beijing hasn’t decided.
• 复合关系代词
• Whatever; whoever; whomever; whichever • Whatever has a beginning has an end. • Wቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱatever she says is true. • Whoever fails to see this will make a big
mistake.
虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示与事实不符的假设，猜测以 及建议和主观愿望。
1） 非真实条件引导的虚拟语气 2）含蓄条件引导的虚拟语气 3）错综时间条件下的虚拟语气 4）从句中的虚拟语气
1) 非真实条件引导的虚拟语气
时间
条件从句的时态 主句时态
对现在情况的 (过去时）
假设
did /were
对过去情况的 （过去分词）
引导词 从属连词 连接代词 连接副词 复合关系代词
that; whether or not; if
who; whose, which; what
When; where; why; how
Whatever; whoever; whomever; whichever
• 顾名思义，主语从句在整个句子中作主语。
• What qualities this kind of material have has not been found out.
• It hasn’t been found out what qualities this kind of material have.
• 这种材料具有什么性质还没搞清楚。（定语） • What love is seems difficult to answer. （表语） • What they are discussing is a boy’s future. （宾语）
• 引导词that只起连接作用，本身无词义。 • That he will succeed is certain. • It is certain that he will succeed. • 他肯定会成功。
• Whether John will come or not doesn’t matter much.
• It doesn’t matter whether John will come or not.
• 连接代词引导
• who; whose, which; what • Who will be elected as monitor is not known. • (who 是从句的主语) 谁 • Whose bag was stolen is not known. • (whose 是从句的定语）谁的 • Which method is better can be easily seen. • (which是从句的定语) 哪种
假设
had done
Would/should /could/ might do
Would/should /could/might have done
对将来情况的 假设
should do/ were to do
Would/should /could/might do
1. 对现在情况的假设 如果我是你，我就会接受他的忠告。
• What made him so angry is Lucy’s impoliteness. （主语）
• What is important to you is also important to me. 主 语）
• 连接副词
• When; where; why; how • When rocket was invented is known to us all. • It is know to us all when rocket was invented. • 我们都知道火箭是什么时候发明的。
Were I you, I would accept his advice. 如果没有你的帮助，他会失败的。 If it weren’t for your help, he would fail.
2. 对过去情况的假设 假如他当初努力学习，他可能早得到奖 学金了。
If he had studied hard, he could have won the scholarship. 倒装：
Had he studied hard, he could have won the scholarship.
2. 对过去情况的假设 如果没有他，我们可能输了这场比赛。
If it hadn’t been for him, we would have lost the game. 倒装：
If I were to go to the moon some day, I could see it with my own eyes.
2）含蓄条件引导的虚拟语气
假设的条件由下列介词（短语）等引出
In the absence of, expect for, but for, without…
In the absence of gravity, there would be no air around the earth. 如果没有重力，地球就没有空气。 But for him, I would have been drowned. 要不是他，我就被淹死了。
Had it not been for him, we would have lost the game.
3. 对将来情况的假设 如果明天下雨，我们就要取消比赛。
If it should rain tomorrow we would cancel the race. 要是有一天我上了月球,我就能亲眼目 睹它的样子。
（when是从句的时间状语） • Why he killed her should be investigated. • How she will go to Beijing hasn’t decided.
• 复合关系代词
• Whatever; whoever; whomever; whichever • Whatever has a beginning has an end. • Wቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱatever she says is true. • Whoever fails to see this will make a big
mistake.
虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示与事实不符的假设，猜测以 及建议和主观愿望。
1） 非真实条件引导的虚拟语气 2）含蓄条件引导的虚拟语气 3）错综时间条件下的虚拟语气 4）从句中的虚拟语气
1) 非真实条件引导的虚拟语气
时间
条件从句的时态 主句时态
对现在情况的 (过去时）
假设
did /were
对过去情况的 （过去分词）
引导词 从属连词 连接代词 连接副词 复合关系代词
that; whether or not; if
who; whose, which; what
When; where; why; how
Whatever; whoever; whomever; whichever
• 顾名思义，主语从句在整个句子中作主语。
• What qualities this kind of material have has not been found out.
• It hasn’t been found out what qualities this kind of material have.
• 这种材料具有什么性质还没搞清楚。（定语） • What love is seems difficult to answer. （表语） • What they are discussing is a boy’s future. （宾语）
• 引导词that只起连接作用，本身无词义。 • That he will succeed is certain. • It is certain that he will succeed. • 他肯定会成功。
• Whether John will come or not doesn’t matter much.
• It doesn’t matter whether John will come or not.
• 连接代词引导
• who; whose, which; what • Who will be elected as monitor is not known. • (who 是从句的主语) 谁 • Whose bag was stolen is not known. • (whose 是从句的定语）谁的 • Which method is better can be easily seen. • (which是从句的定语) 哪种
假设
had done
Would/should /could/ might do
Would/should /could/might have done
对将来情况的 假设
should do/ were to do
Would/should /could/might do
1. 对现在情况的假设 如果我是你，我就会接受他的忠告。
• What made him so angry is Lucy’s impoliteness. （主语）
• What is important to you is also important to me. 主 语）
• 连接副词
• When; where; why; how • When rocket was invented is known to us all. • It is know to us all when rocket was invented. • 我们都知道火箭是什么时候发明的。