2012高考英语语法复习(代词、名词、介词、冠词、数词)

代词(三课时)

代词的分类

1.人称代词：有主格、宾格、所有格（含形容词性和名词性两种所有格）

2.反身代词:myself ,yourself ,himself ,herself ,itself ,ourselves ,yourselves

themselves

3.指示代词:this ,that ,these ,those

4.疑问代词:who ,whom ,what ,which

5.相互代词:each other ,one another

6.不定代词:some ,any ,all ,both ,none ,one, each ,either ,neither ,other ,another, something ,anything ,nothing ,anyone ,anybody , someone ,somebody ,nobody

7.关系代词(用于定语从句):who ,whom ,whose，that ,which ,as

人称、物主、反身、指示代词

高考重点要求

1．掌握人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词、指示代词的基本用法。2．重点掌握不定代词的指代含义及数的情况，能通过语境准确选取答案。3．掌握it的基本用法。

一．人称代词

1）分清主格和宾格形式。

eg：---I love you more than her，child ．/ ---You mean more than ___love her or more than she loves____? A．you；me B．I；you C．you；you D．I；me

2)注意约定俗成的用法。

---Who is it ? ---It's me ．---I'd like to have a rest ．---Me，too．3）使用we 和you 泛指一般人

4)使用she代表国家、船只、月亮、大地等

China is a great country．She has a long history．

5)并列主语或宾语中顺序是：you，he(she) and I；we，you and they

二．物主代词：名词性物主代词――在句中做主语、宾语、表语、补足语，构成双重所有格：a friend of mine 。形容词性物主代词――只能起定语作用。

三．反身代词

1) 在句中作宾语、表语和同位语；2)单复数的确定；3)在一些语境中的特殊含义。

e.g. I'm not quite myself today．我今天不大舒服。/ Ｍake yourself at home．不要拘礼；请随便吧。/ Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．别紧张，喜欢吃什么就吃什么。/ Have you enjoyed yourself today? 你今天玩得愉快吗？

四．指示代词

（一）this，that，these those

1．在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。

2．this(these)一般指时间和空间上较近的人或物，而that (those)常指时间和空间上较远的人或物。e.g. This is a novel and that is a magazine．

3．this(these)一般指后面要讲到的事物，而that(those)常指前面讲到的事物。

e.g. What he told me is this：he wanted to go to Beijing．/ He didn't come．That is why he didn't know．

4．that，those 常用来指代前面提到过的某个名词。e.g. The oil output in 1998 was higher than that of 1995．( that 代替oil output) / The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany．

（二）such

such引起倒装句，谓语数取决于后面主语的数：e.g Such is my answer．/ Such are our people．

做定语，注意和so 的区别，尤其是在so …that，such…that 句型中。e.g. I have never seen such beautiful flowers．(复数名词前，so 不可) / I have never seen such a great film．(也可为so great a film) / We have such beautiful weather today that we should go out for an outing．(不可数词前，不可用so) / There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him．(在数量概念的many，much，little，few 之前，不可用such )

不定代词

不定代词种类较多，用法各异，在使用中一定要注意区别。

1、both，either ，neither都表两者范围，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，both 可用作同位语。both 意为"两者都"，either 表"两者中任一个"，neither表"两者都不"。

2、any，none ，all表三者或三者以上范围，any 表任何一个、一些(不可数或复数概念，用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中)；none 表三者或三者以上中的哪一个都不；表示不可数物中的一点儿也没有；all 整个的；所有的(三者或三者以上)；所有的(不可数)。

e.g.This book is a good seller，so you can buy it at any shop in Beijing．/ None of us are/is perfect．/ All of the village was flooded．

3、no one，nobody，none，nothing：no one，nobody表没有人，nothing 指没有什么事物，none 兼指人和物。none 着眼于数量概念。"特指的人或物一个也没有，一点儿也没有"。

----How many people are there in the hall ? ----None．

----who wants to go with him ? ----No one(Nobody)．

----What can you see in the bottle ?----Nothing．

----Is there any water in it ?----None．

4、another，the other，the other+复数名词(或the others)，other (或other +复数名词)：another 表三者或三者以上范畴中的任一；与数词连用，表"再有"；the other 表两者中的另外那个，特指；the other+复数名词(或the others)，另外那些，表示其余所有的人或物，用于特指；others (或other+复数名词)另一些，表余下人或物中的另一些，泛指。

---I don't like this，show me another one．(NMET 2000，16)

If you want to change for a double room you'll have to pay_______$15．

A．another B．other C．more D．Each (A)

It 的用法

１．作人称代词

John likes playing Pingpong．/ He always does it in the afternoon．(指代上下文提到的事物)；/It's time we went home. / How far is it from here to your home ? / It is getting warmer and warmer．/ It's very quiet at the moment．(可指时间、天气、环境等)

２．引导词

Ａ．作形式主语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。

It's important for us to learn a second language．/ It's no use talking to him．/ It's known to all that the earth goes round the sun．

B．作形式宾语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。

We feel it our duty to help others．/ He made it clear that he would leave the city．

C．强调结构：It is (was) +被强调部分＋that (或who)…