高考英语抓分训练 阅读理解之推理判断和猜测词义

合集下载

高考英语复习 阅读理解专项复习 推理判断题 讲义

高考英语复习 阅读理解专项复习  推理判断题 讲义

阅读理解专项复习推理判断题所谓推断,就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息,推断出未知的信息。

即把有关的文字作为已知部分,从中推断出未知部分。

据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子,也可能是若干句子,甚至是全文。

此类考题一般针对短文内容和考生应有的常识,文章中虽然没有明确的答案,但考生在理解全文的基础上可以进行推理和判断其答案。

推理判断题主要包括推断隐含意思、推断目标读者、推断写法意图等。

但以推断隐含意义的题居多。

推断隐含意义的题干中常含infer(推断),suggest(暗示),imply(暗示),indicate(暗示),conclude(推断,得出结论)等词语。

解题技巧既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思,又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断,力求从作者的角度去考虑,不要固守自己的看法或观点。

1.解答这类题的一般步骤是:(1)定位信息:通过寻读找到相关信息点。

(2)字面理解:理解相关信息点的字面意义。

(3)深层理解:结合语境和常识,在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断,从而理解作者的言外之意。

2.选择答案时,注意排除以下干扰项,以便缩小选择范围:(1)不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点,要严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推理;(2)推理的根据来自于上下文;(3)如果某选项中的内容是阅读材料的简单重复,那它就不是推论,也就不是正确答案;(4)如果某选项所表达的内容与经验相吻合,文中却没有涉及,那它属于主观臆断的结论,也不是正确答案;(5)如果某个选项表达的内容虽在文中提到,但很片面或很不完整,那也不是正确答案;(6)文中的虚拟语气和情态动词(should, must, may, etc.)往往能流露出作者的弦外之音,这有助于我们确定正确答案;(7)注意作者在文章中的措辞,比如作者在形容词前用了too, excessively, rather则常带有否定的口气;(8)某些过渡词(例如:however, but, on the contrary, what’s more)后面所表达的内容往往能反映作者的观点和态度。

高中英语阅读理解微技能指导(推理判断+猜测词义)

高中英语阅读理解微技能指导(推理判断+猜测词义)
Chinese.
在高考阅读理解题中难度最大且出 现频率最高的是推理判断题。
这种题要求考生根据文章中出现的 暗示,抓住内含语义,用逻辑思维的方 法加以整理,然后做出合理的判断。

1. 推断隐含意义


2.推断作者观点或态度

3.推断写作目的


4.推断文章出处

1. 问题形式: It can be inferred from the text that . From the text we know that …is most likely . When the writer talks about …, what the writer really means is . The writer suggests that . The story implies/indicates that . We can infer /concludefrom the passage that . 这类题干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude indicate(暗示)等标志性词语。
Passage 2
It is fun to turn over a big rock on the beach. Make sure you turn the rock back to the position it was in after you moved it. If you don’t turn it back over, all the sea animals under it or clinging to(依附)the underside will die.
One day a man walked a pet shop and said to the shop assistant,“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches and two spiders.”“What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very

新高考英语题型精析精练与话题拓展:阅读理解之词句猜测题(词义猜测、句意猜测、代词指代)(解析版)

新高考英语题型精析精练与话题拓展:阅读理解之词句猜测题(词义猜测、句意猜测、代词指代)(解析版)

04.词句猜测题养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。

【题型总览】【题型特征】词句猜测题它可以是对一个单词的意义的推断,也可以是对一个短语或句子的意义的推断。

词句猜测题既可以考查生词的意义,也可以考查熟词的新义,还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。

在阅读理解题中,所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上,而要根据短文提供的语境,通过阅读上下文,根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。

【设题趋势】词义类:(1)The underlined word/phrase...probably means/can be replaced by ______.(2)Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word/phrase...?指代类:(1)What does the underlined word “this/that/it/they...” refer to? (2)The underlined part “this/that/it/they...” refers to ______.句意类:(1)The underlined sentence in the...paragraph probably means ______.(2)What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph...?1.正确选项(1)含义和其字面意思一般没有任何关系。

(2)上下文逻辑通顺。

(3)与原句意思最接近。

2014高考英语阅读理解练习(37)及答案

2014高考英语阅读理解练习(37)及答案

2014高考英语阅读理解抓分练习(37)及答案阅读理解Tom was one of the brightest boys in the year,with supportive parents. But when he was 15 he suddenly stopped trying。

He left school at 16 with only two scores for secondary school subjects. One of the reasons that made it cool for him not to care was the power of his peer(同龄人)group。

The lack of right male (男性的)role models in many of their lives — at home and particularly in the school environment (环境)- means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against。

They don’t see men succeeding in society so it doesn’t occur to them that they could make something of themselves。

Without male teachers as a role model,the effect of peer actions and street culture(文化)is all powerful。

Boys want to be part of a club。

However, schools can provide the environment for change,and provide the right role models for them. Teachers need to be trained to stop that but not in front of a child’s peers。

高考英语阅读理解抓分精品练习(8)

高考英语阅读理解抓分精品练习(8)

定额市鞍钢阳光实验学校2014高考英语阅读理解抓分精品练习(8)及答案【阅读理解猜测词义】 Passage ****************There is one foreign product the Japanese are buying fasterthan others, and its popularity has caused an uneasy feeling among many Japanese.That product is foreign words.Gairaigo--words that come from outside--have been part of the Japanese language for centuries. Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers.But in the last few years the tfi. ckle (涓涓细流) of foreign words has become a flood, and people fear the increasing use of foreign words is making it hard for the Japanese to understand each other and could lead to many people forgetting the good qualities of traditional (传统的) Japanese."The popularity of foreign words is part of the Japanese interest in anything new, "Days university lecturer and writer Takashi .%alto. "By using a foreign word you can make a subject seem new, which makes it easier for the media (媒体) to pick up. '"Experts (专家) often study abroad and use English terms when they speak with people in their own fields. Those terms are then included in government white papers,'said Muturo Kal, president of the National Language Research Institute."Foreign words find their way easily into announcements made to the general public, when they should really be explained in Japanese.” Against the flow of new words. many Japanese turning back to the stud)rd their own language Saito's Japanese to Be Read Aloud is one of many language books that ate now flying off booksellers'shelves."We were expecting to sell the books to young people," said the writer, "but it turns out they are more popular wii the older generation, who seem uneasy about the future of Jal anese."1. What advantages do foreign words have over traditional Jal nese terms?A. The ideas expressed in foreign words sound new.B. Foreign words are best suited for announcements.C. Foreign words make new subjects easier to understand.D. The use of foreign words makes the media more popular.答案:A 指导:第5段末提到原因,“用外来词语你可以让一个话题看上去很新鲜,而这样一来媒体更容易感兴趣。

高考英语 强效提分指南 阅读理解专题指导 猜测词义题

高考英语 强效提分指南 阅读理解专题指导 猜测词义题

英语阅读理解专题指导-猜测词义题在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。

这时许多同学立即翻阅词典,查找词义。

这样做不但费时费力,而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。

事实上,阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。

我们可以利用语境(各种已知信息)推测、判断某些生词的词义。

近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查,因此,掌握一定的猜词技巧,对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。

常见的题干有:1) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word?2) The word... could best be replaced by.3) In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to).4) According to the passage,... probably means.5) The author uses the word... to mean.猜测词义时,一般可利用以下四个方面的线索:一是针对性的解释针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想,在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。

这些解释提供的信息明确具体,所使用的语言通俗易懂,利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。

1.根据定义(definition)猜测词义如果生词有一个句子(定语从句或是同位语<同位语前常有 or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, i.g. 等>或是同位语从句)或段落来定义,或使用破折号,冒号,分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以解释和定义,那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。

定义常用的谓语动词多为:be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。

高中英语真题-阅读理解中推理判断及语义猜测题的解题技巧

高中英语真题-阅读理解中推理判断及语义猜测题的解题技巧

高中英语真题:阅读理解中推理判断及语义猜测题的解题技巧一、推理判断题推理判断是一种创造性的思维活动,要求学生对文章信息由表及里、由浅入深、从具体到抽象、从特殊到一般。

通过分析、综合、判断等方法,对某些相关信息进行推断。

解答此类试题时,要注意以下几点:1. 体会文章的言外之意,挖掘文章隐含的意义;2. 要做到有根有据,从已知获得未知,而不是凭空臆断;3. 要学会运用已有的经验或常识进行推理判断。

如:例1:[2013年广东高考阅读理解A篇]Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear.Children know this very well. Fred Epstein, in his book If I Make It to Five, tells a story he heard from one of his friends about T om, a four-year-old boy with a cancer in his back bone. He came through sever al operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination. Tom loved to pretend, and he particularly loved to play superheroes. Dr. Epstein explained that it was actually a brilliant way for his young mind to handle the terrifying and painful life he led. The day before his third trip to the operating room, Tom was ter ribly afraid. “Maybe I could go as Superman,” he whispered to his mom. Hearing this, the mother hesitated for a while. She had av oided buying the expensive costume (戏装), but finally she agreed.The next day Tom appeared as the powerful Superman, showin g off through the hospital halls and coolly waving his hand to th e people greeting him along the way. And Tom, with the strengt h of his fantasy, successfully made it through the operation. The power of imagination need not be reserved for children onl y. We all have the power to use our fantasies to attempt things we never thought possible, to go through those things that see m impossible, and to achieve what we never believed we could. Just as Dr. Epstein puts it, “If you can dream it, y ou can do it.”It doesn’t mean that you should dress as a superhero for your n ext job interview. But, next time you are tested in a way that see ms impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it. Beco me the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream.27. What can be inferred about Tom’s mother?A. She was a rich lady.B. She refused Tom’s request.C. She wanted Tom to be a superhero.D. She wanted to get Tom through the pain.解析:D。

2014高考英语阅读理解抓分精品练习(3)

2014高考英语阅读理解抓分精品练习(3)

2014高考英语阅读理解抓分精品练习(3)及答案【阅读理解猜测词义】Passage ****************We walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didn't even lift her eyes from the book. Mum pointed at a big chair by the door and I knew she wanted me to sit down. While I watched mouth open in surprise. Mum took off her hat and coat and gave them ko me to hold. She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took out a wet mop. She pushed the mop past the desk and as the nurse looked up. Mum nodded and said. "Very dirty floors.""Yes, I'm glad they've finally decided to clean them, "the nurse answered. She looked at Mum strangely and said, "But aren't you working late?"Mum just pushed harder, each sweep (拖一下) of the mop taking her farther and farther down the hall. I watched until she was out of sight and the nurse had turned back to writing in the big book.After a long time Mum came back. Her eyes were shining. She quickly put the mop back and took my hand. As we turned to go out of the door, Mum bowed politely to the nurse and said, "Thank you."Outside, Mum told me "Dagmar is fine. No fever. “"You saw her, Mum?""Of course. I told her about the hospital rules, and she will not expect us until tomorrow. Dad will stop worrying as well. It's a fine hospital. But such floors!A mop is no good. You need a brush."1. When she took a mop from the small room what Mum really wanted to do was_______.A. to clean the floorB. to please the nurseC. to see a patientD. to surprise the story-teller答案:C 指导:这是一道推理题。

高考英语阅读理解专项指导-猜测词义

高考英语阅读理解专项指导-猜测词义

65.The underlined part “the colors turned the customers off” (in Para.3) means that the colors_______.
• had weak effects on the customers B. tricked the customers into shopping C. caused the customers to lose
发现过去人们以群体的形式欣赏 音乐而现在则单个人在vidual
experience.
⑥利用对比关系猜词.
例如:She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
...is/are known as 被称为
...can be defined as 可被定以为
例如:
1. Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.
从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是"脆"的意思。 It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is , it will break easily.
1
利用近义词的线索。作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另 一个更难的词,以便使他的文字意思更清楚,近义词往往出现在同 一句或者同一段落中。
③利用重述作为上下文猜词的线索。当作者不能肯定读者能够理解他的意思时, 他会用另外一种方式陈述自己的观点。常见的用来表示重述的词或短语有:

高考英语阅读理解------词义猜测题解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解------词义猜测题解题技巧

superman (超人)
nonnatural (非自然的)
homeless (无家可归的)
rebuild (重建)
microwave (微波)
mispronouce (发错音)
nonsmoker (非烟民)
eastwards (向东)
Eg. I’m going to buy a microbus.
them指的是前面出现的self-published art magazines
However, the question that “moon people” asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.
1. Definition 定义法: 一般通过定义、定语 (从句)或同位语(从句)来确定词义。常 用逗号,破折号,冒号等。
It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily.
(adj. 易碎的, 脆的)
The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧题技巧要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息结合中学生应有的常识和经验正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思
---猜测词义
考纲解读
猜测词义题: 词义猜测能力是英语高考阅
读理解能力的主要组成部分,是历年高考中 的必考题型,主要考查对文中关键词语(实 词、短语、指代关系等)的理解。而且,所 考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上,

高三英语高考总复习英语阅读理解之词义猜测题解题技巧课件

高三英语高考总复习英语阅读理解之词义猜测题解题技巧课件

Group discussion
Tip 3: 逻辑关系法之利用反义关系即根据表对比或转折的信号词猜测词义,常见信号词有:but , yet, however, while, unlike, instead(of), on the other hand, rather than, on the contrary。
1单词courier
全国卷Ⅱ
1单词maintenance
1单词concede
1单词collapsed
1代词短语tug at the heartstring
1单词juicer
2代词that;句子the table are turned.
1单词downside
全国卷Ⅲ(新高考全国卷)
1短语embark on
鱼贩,鱼商
下定义:is,mean,refers to ,namely 等后的内容是对前面解释说明或由that is (to say),in other words,to put it another way 引出一些具体的解释性的短语解释生词。
定语从句:定语从句修饰和限定了先行词的内容和范畴。
同位语:同位语是对其前的内容进行解释说明。
Self-learning
At first, Gao was a hardworking and honest man who sells fish to make a living.However, he gradually deviated from the right path due to social inequality.A. step on B. follow up C.away from D.stick to
2017-2023年高考全国卷阅读理解词义猜测题考查一览表

英语阅读理解之推理判断

英语阅读理解之推理判断

英语阅读理解之猜测词义Backgrounds:2015年湖北高考英语考试说明中要求考生读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息。

考生应能:1、理解主旨和要义;2、理解文中具体信息;3、根据上下文推断生词的词义;4、作出简单判断和理解;5、理解文章的基本结构;6、理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

Aims:1. conclude the effective ways of guessing the meanings of new words in reading passages.2. grasp the skills of guessing meanings of new words.3. finish such exercises in reading comprehension.Contents:I. 猜测词义题目类型:对考纲外生词的猜测;对考纲内熟词新义的猜测;对短语或句意的猜测II.词义猜测题常见的提问方式:1. What does the underlined word “…”in paragraph …mean?2. The underlined word / phrase“…”(paragraph …)refers to / probably means / can be best replaced by _______.3. By saying “…”,the writer means that__________.4. The underlined word “…” in paragraph … is most likely to mean ______.5. What do you think the underlined word/expression “…” in paragraph…stands for?III.猜测词义常见方法:1. Word Formation 构词法2. Definition 定义法3.Contrast 对比法4. Similarity 相似法5. Cause and effect 因果法6. Example 例举法7. Context 上下文8. Common Sense 普通常识IV.Specific methods1.①On October 17,Hurricane Gonzalo hit the island of Bermuda, knocking down trees and power lines, and making roads and streets impassable. ()②.He fell into a ditch and lay there, semiconscious, for a few minutes. ()Word Formation 构词法:英语单词大多是由词根、词头(前缀)和词尾(后缀)所组成。

高考英语 抓分训练 阅读理解推理判断和猜测词义

高考英语 抓分训练 阅读理解推理判断和猜测词义

2014高考英语抓分训练:[阅读理解之推理判断和猜测词义](限时:25分钟)一、推理判断1.The earthquake may rightly be ranked as one of the most disastrous forces known to man: since records began to be written down, it has been estimated (估计) that earthquake­related deaths have numbered in the millions, and that earthquake­related loss has been beyond calculation…The great majority of all earthquakes occurred in two particular areas in history…It is doubtful that man will be ever able to control earthquakes and get rid of their damage altogether.But as how and why earthquakes happen become better understood, man will become more and more able to deal with their possible damage before they occur.The author's purpose in writing the passage probably is to________.A.inform the readerB.entertain the readerC.support a theoryD.question a theory2.Why isn't your newspaper reporting any good news? All I read about is murder, bribery and death. Frankly, I'm sick of all the bad news.The author's attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to ________.A.complain B.apologizeC.amuse D.inform3.With the past in mind, preparations the 2013 season included sweeping changes on both the technical and personal sides. The management at Toyota Motorsport GmbH was restructed, with John Howett moving from Toyota Motor Marketing Europe to become President, thus enabling the company founder, Ove Anderson, more time to concentrate on the operation of the race team at the track. Anderson's value as an inspirational leader was one of the team's biggest asserts(财富) in 2012.What will the next paragraph talk about if the passage goes on?A.Preparations for the 2013 season.B.The value of Ove Anderson.C.How to improve the European market?D.Changes on the technical side.4.As a young boy, I sometimes travelled the country roads with my dad. He was a rural mail carrier, and on Saturdays he would ask me to go with him. Driving through the countryside was always an adventure: there were animals to see, people to visit, and chocolate cookies if you knew where to stop, and Dad did.In spring, Dad delivered boxes full of baby chickens, and when I was a boy, it was such fun to stick your finger through one of the holes of the boxes and let the baby birds peck on your fingers.On Dad's final day of work, it took him well into the evening to complete his rounds because at least one member from each family was waiting at their mailboxes to thank him for his friendship and his years of service. “Two hundred and nineteen mailboxes on my route,” he used to say, “and a story at every one. ” One lady had no mailbox, so Dad took the mail in to her every day because she was nearly blind. Once inside, he read her mail and helped her pay her bills.Mailboxes were sometimes used for things other than mail. One note left in a mail box read, “Nat, take these eggs to Marian; she's baking a cake and doesn't have any eggs. ” Mailboxes might be buried in the snow, or broken, or lying on the ground, but the mail was always delivered. On cold days Dad might find one of his customers waiting for him with a cup of hot chocolate. A young girl wrote letters but had no stamps, so she left a few buttons on the envelope in the mailbox; Dad paid for the stamps. One businessman used to leave large amounts of cash in his mailbox for Dad to take to the bank. Once, the amount came to $ 32,000.A dozen years ago, when I travelled back to my hometown on the sad occasion of Dad's death, the mailboxes along the way reminded me of some of his stories. I thought I knew them all, but that wasn't the case.As I drove home, I noticed two lamp poles, one on each side of the street. When my dad was around, those poles supported wooden boxes about four feet off the ground. One box was painted green and the other was red, and each had a long narrow hole at the top with white lettering: SANTA CLAUS, NORTH POLE. For years children had dropped letters to Santa through those holes.I made a turn at the corner and drove past the post office and across the railroad tracks to our house. Mum and I were sitting at the kitchen table when I heard footsteps. There, at the door, stood Frank Townsend, Dad's postmaster and great friend for many years. So we all sat down at the table and began to tell stories.At one point Frank looked at me with tear s in his eyes. “What are we going to do about the letters this Christmas?” he asked.“The letters?”“I guess you never knew. ”“Knew what?”“Remember, when you were a kid and you used to put your letters to Santa in those green and red boxes on Main Street? It was your dad who answered all those letters every year.”I just sat there with tears in my eyes. It wasn't hard for me to imagine Dad sitting at the old oak table in our basement reading those letters and answering each one.I have since spoken with several of the people who received Christmas letters during their childhood, and they told me how amazed they were that Santa had known so much about their homes and families.For me, just knowing that story about my father was the gift of a lifetime.1. It can be inferred from the passage that the writer regarded his travels with Dad as________.A.great chances to help other peopleB.happy occasions to play with baby chickensC.exciting experiences with a lot of funD.good opportunities to enjoy chocolate cookies2. The writer provides the detail about the businessman to show that________.A.Dad had a strong sense of dutyB.Dad was an honest and reliable manC.Dad had a strong sense of honourD.Dad was a kind and generous man3.According to the passage, which of the following impressed the writer most?A.Dad read letters for a blind lady for years.B.Dad paid for the stamps for a young girl.C.Dad delivered some eggs to Marian.D.Dad answered children's Christmas letters every year.4.The method the writer uses to develop Paragraph 4 is________.A.offering analysesB.providing explanationsC.giving examplesD.making comparisons二、猜测词义1. A child's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle;_it can be a basket of fun.What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean?A.A party designed by specialists.B.A plan requiring careful thought.C.A situation causing difficulty or trouble.D.A demand made by guests.2.I feel that since you are my superior, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do…The underlined word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “ ________”.A.full of respectB.too confident and rudeC.lacking in experienceD.too shy and quiet3.William Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn(纱线),good and ill together.”The underlined word “mingled” most probably means “________”.A.simple B.mixedC.sad D.happy4.I had always travelled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.Which of the following words can best take the place of the word “relish”?A.Choose. B.Enjoy.C.Prepare for. D.Carry on.5.That's why slight differences in conversational style­tiny little things like microseconds of pause—can have a great effect on one's life. The result in this case was a judgment of psychological problems—even in the mind of the woman herself, who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for assertiveness training.The underlined word “assertiveness” probably means “________”.A.being willing to speak one's mindB.being able to increase one's powerC.being ready to make one's own judgmentD.being quick to express one's ideas confidently一、推理判断(一)1.A 推理判断题。

【高考英语】阅读理解:推理判断解题方法

【高考英语】阅读理解:推理判断解题方法

【高考英语】阅读理解推理判断解题方法此类题型要求考生在理解原文的基础上,通过文中细节提示、语义逻辑关系、推测文章隐含的意思,即言外之意。

考生除了准确理解相关答题句,应根据文中提供的已知事实为依据,做出合理的推断。

推断题的某个选项往往涉及文中已知的正确信息,以此干扰学生。

此类题目的答案通常不能从文中直接得出,必须为推断所得,因此当选项为文中明确指出的表面信息时,大都可马上排除。

干扰项特点(1)偷换概念:使用了原文出现的词汇或者句式。

但不是本题的内容。

(2)扩大或缩小范围:对于原文中的细节或论断的某方面程度进行了扩大或缩小处理。

原文中可能出现了almost, all, nearly, more than, normally, usually等词语对文章内容加以限制,干扰选项改变了原文范围;(3)常识干扰:符合基本常识和我们对社会、生活等方面一些问题的一般看法和认识,但不是文章的内容。

(4)颠倒是非:涉及原文中提及的内容或现象,但选项的意思与原文恰恰相反。

(5)无中生有:凭空捏造原文不存在的细节,形成迷惑和干扰。

(6)推理过头:引申过度,使结论过于绝对化。

正确选项特点◆是"弦外之音°。

是立足原文推断出来的内容,不是直接叙述的具体信息;◆没有绝对概念的字眼,如only, never, all absolutely 等。

因为的推断出来的内容,略有模糊成分,留有余地,通常含有usually, may, some, might, can, possibly 等词汇.1.细节推理细节推断类设问方式:题干中常出现infer(推断),indicate(象征,暗示),imply(暗示),suggest(暗示),conclude (作出结论),assume(假定,设想)等词。

主要设题方式有:1.It can be inferred from the passage that________.2.The author strongly suggests that________3.It can be concluded from the passage that________.4.The writer/author indicates/implies/suggests that_____5.What the writer really means is_______.6.What do we know about___________?7.What we can learn from________?技巧点拨:1).找到信息源2).忠实原文,但不是原文3).理解文章中直接陈述的观点或描述的事实的基础上,领悟作者的言外之意,得出符合作者意愿的结论,即根据作者提供的细节或例证,推断出合理的结论。

高中英语知识点归纳阅读理解推理题解答技巧

高中英语知识点归纳阅读理解推理题解答技巧

高中英语知识点归纳阅读理解推理题解答技巧高中英语的阅读理解乃是英语考试中的重中之重,其中推理题更是考查学生综合能力和逻辑思维的重要环节。

为了帮助同学们更好地应对阅读理解推理题,本文将归纳总结高中英语知识点,并提供解题技巧。

一、词汇理解阅读理解题中常常涉及词汇的理解,因此对词汇的熟悉是解题的基础。

同时,同义词、近义词、反义词等关系的把握也是非常重要的。

下面列举一些常见的词汇解析技巧:1. 上下文线索法:通过观察词汇周围的语境,利用逻辑推理来猜测词义。

可以根据文章句子的前后关系、具体例子或者解释来推断词义。

2. 词根词缀法:如果你熟悉词根和词缀,在遇到生词时可以通过词根和词缀的含义来猜测词义。

3. 同义词、反义词、近义词替换法:如果遇到生词,可以尝试用同义词、反义词、近义词替换来理解句子。

二、句子理解1. 强调句强调句中通常采用it is, that is, this is以及形容词或副词的比较级等形式进行强调。

在阅读时要注意强调句的结构和语境,把握强调内容。

2. 平行结构平行结构中的各个单元在意义和用法上相似,语法上成分相同或相似。

平行结构的句子通常使用and,or,but,both...and等连接词。

3. 让步状语从句通过虚拟语气、转折词或让步连词来引导状语从句,表达虽然...,但...的含义。

在解答题目时要注意理解这种让步关系。

三、段落理解段落理解是整篇阅读的基础,通常要求考生理解段落的主题、观点和段落之间的逻辑关系。

1. 主题句和关键词段落通常由主题句引导,主题句表达段落的主旨或者观点。

通过找出关键词,即可以帮助理解段落的重点内容。

2. 认知关系段落之间通常存在认知关系,如因果关系、条件关系、对比关系、例证关系等等。

在解题时要准确把握段落之间的逻辑关系,有助于理解段落的观点和信息传递。

四、推理题解答技巧推理题要求学生根据已有的信息进行逻辑推理,从而得出答案。

下面提供一些常见的推理题解答技巧:1. 信息结合法将题目中的信息与原文的相关段落进行结合,通过对比、分析、推理等方式来得出答案。

高考英语词义猜测与推理技巧

高考英语词义猜测与推理技巧

高考英语词义猜测与推理技巧高考英语中,词义猜测与推理是考查学生英语语境理解能力的重要环节。

通过猜测生词的意义,推理出文章的隐含信息,不仅可以提高阅读理解的得分,也有助于提升语言运用的能力。

下面将介绍几种常用的词义猜测和推理技巧,帮助考生在高考英语中取得好成绩。

一、上下文猜测法上下文猜测法是最常见的词义猜测技巧之一。

在阅读理解中,我们可以根据上下文提供的信息,来推测生词或短语的含义。

例如:"Although John was exhausted, he pushed himself to finish the race."根据上下文,我们可以猜测 "exhausted" 意思是 "非常疲惫的",因为他还要完成比赛。

二、同义替换法有时候,文章中的一些生词可以通过替换同义词或近义词的方式进行猜测。

同义替换法要求考生具备基本的词汇积累和扩展能力。

例如:"The famous actor appeared at the premiere of his latest film."根据上下文,我们可以猜测 "premiere" 的意思是 "首映式",因为有"film" 的出现。

三、词根词缀法英语中很多单词都有明显的词根和词缀,词根词缀法通过分析词根和词缀的含义,来推测生词的意思。

例如:"The patient is suffering from amnesia."在这个句子中,我们可以从 "amnesia" 这个词中找到 "a-" 和 "-nesia",分别表示 "没有" 和 "记忆"。

综合起来,我们可以猜测 "amnesia" 的意思是 "失忆症"。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

2014高考英语抓分训练:[阅读理解之推理判断和猜测词义](限时:25分钟)一、推理判断1.The earthquake may rightly be ranked as one of the most disastrous forces known to man: since records began to be written down, it has been estimated (估计) that earthquake­related deaths have numbered in the millions, and that earthquake­related loss has been beyond calculation…The great majority of all earthquakes occurred in two particular areas in history…It is doubtful that man will be ever able to control earthquakes and get rid of their damage altogether.But as how and why earthquakes happen become better understood, man will become more and more able to deal with their possible damage before they occur.The author's purpose in writing the passage probably is to________.A.inform the readerB.entertain the readerC.support a theoryD.question a theory2.Why isn't your newspaper reporting any good news? All I read about is murder, bribery and death. Frankly, I'm sick of all the bad news.The author's attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to ________.A.complain B.apologizeC.amuse D.inform3.With the past in mind, preparations the 2013 season included sweeping changes on both the technical and personal sides. The management at Toyota Motorsport GmbH was restructed, with John Howett moving from Toyota Motor Marketing Europe to become President, thus enabling the company founder, Ove Anderson, more time to concentrate on the operation of the race team at the track. Anderson's value as an inspirational leader was one of the team's biggest asserts(财富) in 2012.What will the next paragraph talk about if the passage goes on?A.Preparations for the 2013 season.B.The value of Ove Anderson.C.How to improve the European market?D.Changes on the technical side.4.As a young boy, I sometimes travelled the country roads with my dad. He was a rural mail carrier, and on Saturdays he would ask me to go with him. Driving through the countryside was always an adventure: there were animals to see, people to visit, and chocolate cookies if you knew where to stop, and Dad did.In spring, Dad delivered boxes full of baby chickens, and when I was a boy, it was such fun to stick your finger through one of the holes of the boxes and let the baby birds peck on your fingers.On Dad's final day of work, it took him well into the evening to complete his rounds because at least one member from each family was waiting at their mailboxes to thank him for his friendship and his years of service. “Two hundred and nineteen mailboxes on my route,” he used to say, “and a story at every one. ” One lady had no mailbox, so Dad took the mail in to her every day because she was nearly blind. Once inside, he read her mail and helped her pay her bills.Mailboxes were sometimes used for things other than mail. One note left in a mail box read, “Nat, take these eggs to Marian; she's baking a cake and doesn't have any eggs. ” Mailboxes might be buried in the snow, or broken, or lying on the ground, but the mail was always delivered. On cold days Dad might find one of his customers waiting for him with a cup of hot chocolate. A young girl wrote letters but had no stamps, so she left a few buttons on the envelope in the mailbox; Dad paid for the stamps. One businessman used to leave large amounts of cash in his mailbox for Dad to take to the bank. Once, the amount came to $ 32,000.A dozen years ago, when I travelled back to my hometown on the sad occasion of Dad's death, the mailboxes along the way reminded me of some of his stories. I thought I knew them all, but that wasn't the case.As I drove home, I noticed two lamp poles, one on each side of the street. When my dad was around, those poles supported wooden boxes about four feet off the ground. One box was painted green and the other was red, and each had a long narrow hole at the top with white lettering: SANTA CLAUS, NORTH POLE. For years children had dropped letters to Santa through those holes.I made a turn at the corner and drove past the post office and across the railroad tracks to our house. Mum and I were sitting at the kitchen table when I heard footsteps. There, at the door, stood Frank Townsend, Dad's postmaster and great friend for many years. So we all sat down at the table and began to tell stories.At one point Frank looked at me with tear s in his eyes. “What are we going to do about the letters this Christmas?” he asked.“The letters?”“I guess you never knew. ”“Knew what?”“Remember, when you were a kid and you used to put your letters to Santa in those green and red boxes on Main Street? It was your dad who answered all those letters every year.”I just sat there with tears in my eyes. It wasn't hard for me to imagine Dad sitting at the old oak table in our basement reading those letters and answering each one.I have since spoken with several of the people who received Christmas letters during their childhood, and they told me how amazed they were that Santa had known so much about their homes and families.For me, just knowing that story about my father was the gift of a lifetime.1. It can be inferred from the passage that the writer regarded his travels with Dad as________.A.great chances to help other peopleB.happy occasions to play with baby chickensC.exciting experiences with a lot of funD.good opportunities to enjoy chocolate cookies2. The writer provides the detail about the businessman to show that________.A.Dad had a strong sense of dutyB.Dad was an honest and reliable manC.Dad had a strong sense of honourD.Dad was a kind and generous man3.According to the passage, which of the following impressed the writer most?A.Dad read letters for a blind lady for years.B.Dad paid for the stamps for a young girl.C.Dad delivered some eggs to Marian.D.Dad answered children's Christmas letters every year.4.The method the writer uses to develop Paragraph 4 is________.A.offering analysesB.providing explanationsC.giving examplesD.making comparisons二、猜测词义1. A child's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle;_it can be a basket of fun.What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean?A.A party designed by specialists.B.A plan requiring careful thought.C.A situation causing difficulty or trouble.D.A demand made by guests.2.I feel that since you are my superior, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do…The underlined word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “ ________”.A.full of respectB.too confident and rudeC.lacking in experienceD.too shy and quiet3.William Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn(纱线),good and ill together.”The underlined word “mingled” most probably means “________”.A.simple B.mixedC.sad D.happy4.I had always travelled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.Which of the following words can best take the place of the word “relish”?A.Choose. B.Enjoy.C.Prepare for. D.Carry on.5.That's why slight differences in conversational style­tiny little things like microseconds of pause—can have a great effect on one's life. The result in this case was a judgment of psychological problems—even in the mind of the woman herself, who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for assertiveness training.The underlined word “assertiveness” probably means “________”.A.being willing to speak one's mindB.being able to increase one's powerC.being ready to make one's own judgmentD.being quick to express one's ideas confidently一、推理判断(一)1.A 推理判断题。

相关文档
最新文档