中药醇沉工艺颗粒沉降过程的初步研究

中药醇沉工艺颗粒沉降过程的初步研究

（作者：__________ 单位： ___________邮编：____________ ）

作者：李页瑞，刘雪松，王龙虎，金胤池，陈勇

【摘要】目的对中药醇沉工艺中颗粒沉降过程及其特点进行研究，

初步了解不同种类中药醇沉过程中沉降颗粒的基本特点及其关键工艺参数，掌握沉降过程的规律，为醇沉工艺设计及工业化应用提供指导。方法以丹参、苦参和枳壳3种药材为研究对象，采用紫外分光光度法分别测定3种药材提取液醇沉过程中有效成分的保留量，同时测定了沉降颗粒含量、颗粒粒度和沉降速度等参数。结果不同药材有效成分保留量在醇沉过程中都有不同程度的下降；沉降颗粒含量随着静置时间的延长而增加；丹参、苦参和枳壳沉降颗粒的平均粒径分别为

36.272，131.820 和0.684 卩m 最小粒径分别为2.000, 6.325 和

0.142 a m 平均沉降速率分别为5.04 X 10-4，1.95 X 10-4和1.63 x 10-7 m- s-1。结论中药醇沉时，形成的杂质颗粒有两种沉降方式：一种是自由沉降，另一种是絮凝沉降。应根据不同种类中药醇沉颗粒的沉降过程及其特点进行工艺设计。

【关键词】中药；醇沉工艺；颗粒沉降过程；沉降方式；紫外分光

光度法

Abstract : ObjectiveTo study the process of particle sedimentation of alcohol precipitation process of traditional Chinese medicine and its characteristics, and to preliminarily un dersta nd the basic characteristics and key tech no logical parameters of the settli ng particle in the alcohol precipitati on process of differe nt kinds of traditi onal Chin ese medic in es, and hold the regulatio n of sedime ntatio n and provid ing guida nee for tech no logy desig n and in dustrial applicati on. MethodsSalvia Miltiorrhiza, Radix Sophorae Flavescentis and Fructus Aurantii were used as the experimental materials and UV spectrophotometry was used to determ ine the effective components of the solution in the process of alcohol precipitati on, parameters like the content of settli ng

particulate, the particle size and the sedimentation velocity were also determ in ed. Results The content of the effective comp onents was lower tha n the origi nal in differe nt levels during the precipitation process. The content of the sedime ntati on particle in creased with the exte nsion of the settling time. The average diameters of particles in each material solution were 36.272 卩m, 131.820 卩m and 0.684 卩m and the minimum diameters were 2.000 卩m, 6.325 卩m and 0.142

a mrespectively, the average sedimentation velocity were 5.04

x 10-4m • s-1, 1.95 x 10-4m • s-1 and 1.63 x 10-7m • s-1.

Con clusi on There are two ways for the particulate to sedime nt

in the alcohol precipitation process in traditional Chinese

medicine, one is free sedimentation, the other is flocculation sedime ntati on. Process should be desig ned accord ing to the particle sedimentation process and its characteristics of

differe nt traditi onal Chi nese medici ne.

Key words : Traditional Chinese medicine; Alcohol precipitati on process; Particle settli ng; Sedime ntatio n patter n; UV spectrophotometry

醇沉工艺的原理是中药有效成分（如生物碱盐类、苷类等）既溶于水又溶于乙醇，用适当浓度的乙醇经一次或多次沉降可以有效地除去粘液质、糊化淀粉、果胶等杂质。通常，当乙醇含量达50%- 60%寸, 可以除去淀粉等杂质;75%时可除去蛋白质等杂质;80%时几乎可以除去全部蛋白质、无机盐类杂质［1］。但是，对于醇沉工艺是否保留了有效成分，除去的都是无效成分，越来越多的文献对此持怀疑态度，认为其还存在诸多不足之处［2〜4］。如醇沉工艺流程长、耗醇量大；醇沉时出现的大量沉淀会吸附、包裹部分有效成分而造成损失；所得干浸膏粘度较大，易吸潮，给后期工艺操作带来不便等。

目前对中药醇沉工艺的研究主要是以有效成分含量为指标进行工艺优化，有关醇沉过程中颗粒沉降的特点和规律以及有效成分包裹损失的