西南大学18年12月[0859]《跨文化交际》大作业答案
跨文化交际试题A卷标准答案
跨⽂化交际试题A卷标准答案（答案要注明各个要点的评分标准）I. For each problem in this part, you are presented with one situation with fourutterances underneath. Read the description on each situation with the utterances and decide which is/are the appropriate utterance(s) in that situation where communication is done inII. Explain the underlined idioms in the following sentences (13 points).1. It?s not surprising the guy couldn?t get to first base with his new business: he started with two strikes against him.To be difficult for somebody to succeed.2. Let?s put this plan to the acid test by looking at the nuts and bolts of the deal."Let's put it to the acid test" means let's check if the plan is good or not by testing it really hard. "Looking at the nuts and bolts" means looking at all the detail. Someone has a big idea, but he must at some time "get down to the nuts and bolts.3. If we stop beating our heads against a brick wall, we would not appear to be such wimps. "Beating our heads against a brick wall" means “trying and trying when it is clear there will be no chance of success”.4. We need to be careful that the tail doesn?t wag th e dog. the small details do not change the big decision5. Do not listen to John, he?s got an ax to grind.“ To get an ax to grind” means “to have something hidden to get one ?s own personal interests”. 6. She?s not the least bit funny , in fact she?s laid an egg.“To lay an egg” means “to “make a mistake”7. John dropped the ball on this one, and he?s sure ticked off."Ticked off" means “annoyed”8. If you think we are on the same wavelength just give me a buzz, or we can play it by ear."On the same wave-length" means “ thinking the same thing”. “Give me a buzz” means “give me a ring. "Play it by ear" means “do not plan what people do, just let things happen as they may”.9. We need to stop dilly-dallying and get off the dime."dilly-dallying" mean s “wasting time”. "get off the dime" means“must start moving forward”.10. After his release from prison he decided he should walk the straight and narrow.“To walk the straight and narrow” means “To behave lawfully”.III. Find some unsuitable writing in the memorandum and rewrite them according to the intercultural communication strategies you learned. (27 points).Answer:Memo 1To: Jackson Pallock, Internal AuditorFrom: Mabelline Y urich, Sales Supervisor of CosmeticsSubject: Response to Request for New Life Cosmetics Sales RecordsDate: 18 February, 1995In reference to your request for last quarter?s sales records for our line of New Life Cosmetics, I am unable to give them to you by March 12 as you requested.According to Section 6 of our policy manual (copy attached), “only the vice president for sales may release classified4 sales records internally or externally.”Cosmetics sales records are classified. The vice president for sales, Jack Peterson, is vacationing and cannot be reached until he returns to work March 17. Jack?s assistant, Ms Mary Smith, told me that the records that you are desirous of can be sent immediately in toto if Jack approves their release when he returns next Thursday. She asked me to tell you that unfortunately we must hold your request in abeyance until he returns.I am sorry this happened, Mr Pallock. If you need information on manhours spent on sales, I can fill the bill now. Otherwise we will meet your request in due time if it is approved. Y ou?ll still have time to complete your audit by March 30, though. Better writingTo: Jackson Pollock, Internal AuditorFrom: Mabelline Y urich, Sales Supervisor of CosmeticsSubject: Response to Request for New Life Cosmetics Sales RecordsDate: 18 February, 1995I have reviewed your request to see last quarter?s New Life Cosmetics sales records by March 12 with Mary Smith, the assistant to the vice president of sales, Jack Peterson.Mary and I checked Section 6 of our policy manual and confirmed that Jack must give permission to release any classified records either internally or externally. All cosmetics sales records are classified. Jack is vacationing in Tibet and cannot be reached until he returns to work on March 17. Mary said that these records are complete and can be sent to you on March 17, if Jack approves.Should you need any unclassified cosmetics records to help you complete your audit by March 30,I can send them to you now. Records such as those of staff hours spent on selling cosmetics are unclassified. Call me at Extension 7165 to tell me what else you need, if anything.Memo 2To: Donna Crenshaw, Account ExecutiveFrom: Ernest Smithson, Account SupervisorSubject: Response to Request for a Change in the V acation ScheduleDate: January 17Y our trip to Paris sounds exciting. Many people are taking such trips, you want to switch your vacation to June 16 to 30 from May 1 to 15 so you can take the trip. But five people already chose that date. Only five people may vacation at one time.I checked with everyone in the department. Nobody is willing to change.I already checked with Mr Jones to see if he can let you go anyway. He said no.Y ou may switch to another two-week period. Y our parents might change their plans. However, keep your choice between May 16 and August 30. Also, do not choose August 1 to 15. I must know about any change by March 1, the deadline for setting vacation dates.Better Writing：To: Donna Crenshaw, Account ExecutiveFrom: Ernest Smithson, Account SupervisorSubject: Response to request for a Change in the V acation ScheduleDate: January 17Y our choice to vacation in Paris this summer with your parents does sound exciting. They were thoughtful to invite you to join them.As we discussed when you chose your vacation dates, only five people in the department may vacation during any two-week period. When I received your request to change your vacation from May 1 to 15 to June 16 to 30, I checked to see how many people are scheduled for vacation then. The roster showed that five people requested June 16 to 30.Next, I asked each of these five people if any of them will make a change. Having planned their vacations completely, all of them declined. Then, I asked Mr Jones if we might make an exception and let you go anyway. He declined, saying that we must meet the two thirds staffing requirement all summer to serve our customers adequately.Y ou may reschedule your vacation for another two-week period if that will help. Perhaps your parents can reschedule their vacation so this plan can work.. Any other two-week period between May 16 and August 30 is acceptable except August 1 to 15, when five people are scheduled already. If you do wish to make a change, please tell me before March 1, the deadline for setting vacation dates.Memo 3To: Mark Johnson, SalespersonFrom: Maria Cillias, ControllerDate: 23 December, 1995As per your request, we are processing your request for reimbursement of travel expenses for your December 2 to 5 trip to Denver. Y our attention is called to two items for which you are seeking reimbursement: tolls and taxicab fares. Y ou listed tolls totaling7 $10.50 and taxicab fares totaling $27.50 on the response form. but neglected to enclose receipts for these expenses. Company rules require that receipts be attached to the form for all expenses for which you seek reimbursement except meals and tips.To facilitate reimbursement of your travel expenses, will you kindly advise us whether you can furnish these receipts. When you comply with this constraint, we will reimburse you without further delay.Better Writing：To: Mark Johnson, SalespersonFrom: Maria Cillias, ControllerSubject: Reimbursement for Travel ExpensesDate: 23 December, 1995Y our request for reimbursement of travel expenses for your December 2 to 5 trip to Denver is now being processed. In reviewing the form you submitted for reimbursement, we noted that you listed tolls and taxicab fares for which no receipts were attached. Company procedures require that receipts be submitted for all refunded expenses except meals and tips. Will you please send us the receipts for .$10.50 in tolls and $27.50 in taxicab fares. Then, we can send you a check for $56.35,the full amount3 of your request.We will issue your reimbursement check within two days of receiving the receipts.IV. D ecide whether statements 1-10 are T rue or False according to the information you haveVI．Reading Comprehension (10 points)Read passage 1 and then answer the questions after the passage briefly. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1.What are the four main categories of distance for Americans?Intimate, Personal, Social, Public2.In America, how far apart should people who work together stand when communicating with each other?1.3m –2.00m3.At the international reception, why were Americans trying to adjust the distance between themselves and their Arab partners?Because of a different understanding between Americans and Arabs as to what is an appropriate distance between business partners.4.Why did the Arabs feel that the Americans were being …stand-offish??The Arabs wanted to stand close to, and even touch, their America business partners, but for the Americans such closeness is inappropriate in a business relationship.5. Why do young British people touch their friends more than older British people do?Because physical contact between people is much more common now than it was in the past.Read Passage 2 and then decide whether statements 1-5 are T rue or False according to the information given in the passage. Write “T" for true and“F”for false on the Answer Sheet. Passage 2VII. Case Analysis（15 points）Answer：Case 1 (7 points)Question：Why did Lin feel surprised? Offer some advice to him about adjusting to his new environment in America. (7 points)1) On the topic of hospitality，the Chinese stress is on warmth and demonstrating friendship．They take the guest to a famous or luxurious restaurant to have a very good (expensive) meal to show their hospitality．And the Chinese are used to having a big meal. The more dishes they put out，the greater the warmth and friendship they show.(2 points) 2) In western countries，people stress on freedom．They give the guest great freedom tochoose their own foods．And westerners tend to have only one main course and some juice or dessert，which is viewed as casual in the eyes of the Chinese．[Note ! If the student answers that Western people have only three courses，this is also correct!( 2 points)3) Lin lived in American surroundings and should have adjusted himself quickly to the new world (1ifestyle)．He should have known the custom there first，and felt more at ease in Mike?s home．( 3 points)Case 2 (8 points)Question：Why did Zhang T ao feel uneasy?In China，when people host someone，they put the guest in the place of honor to show hospitality．They try to take care of the guest，and try to make the guest feel comfortable and at ease．( 2 points)2)In America，people tend to give the guest great freedom and treat a guest more casually，naturally and truthfully. ( 2 points)3)Zhang Tao knew he was a guest，and thought in terms of Chinese expectations of hospitality．He thought Bill should treat him courteously instead of setting rules for him. ( 2 points)4)Since Zhang Tao lived in American surroundings，he should have known about the customs there sooner．( 2 points)。
跨文化交际全部答案
跨文化交际全部答案参考资料Unit 1 Communication Across CulturesReading IIntercultural Communication：An IntroductionComprehension questions1. Is it still often the case that “everyone?s quick to blame the alien” in the contemporary worldThis is still powerful in today‘s social and political rhetoric. For instance,it is not uncommon intoday‘s society to hear people say that most, if not all, of the social and economic problems arecaused by minorities and immigrants.2. What?s the difference between today?s intercultural contact and that of any time in the pastToday‘s intercultural encounters are far more numerous and of greater importancethan in anytime in history.3. What have made intercultural contact a very common phenomenon in our life todayNew technology, in the form of transportation and communication systems, has accelerated intercultural contact; innovative communication systems have encouraged and facilitated cultural interaction; globalization of the economy has brought people together; changes in immigration patterns have also contributed to intercultural encounter.4. How do you understand the sentence “culture iseverything and everywhere”Culture supplies us with the answers to questions about what the world looks like and how we live and communicate within that world. Culture teaches us how to behavein our life from the instant of birth. It is omnipresent.5. What are the major elements that directly influence our perception and communicationThe three major socio-cultural elements that directly influence perception and communication are cultural values, worldview (religion), and social organizations (family and state).6. What does one?s family teach him or her while he or she grows up in itThe family teaches the child what the world looks like and his or her place in that world.7. Why is it impossible to separate our use of language from our cultureBecause language is not only a form of preserving culture but also a means of sharing culture. Language is an organized, generally agreed-upon, learned symbol system that is used to represent the experiences within a cultural community.8. What are the nonverbal behaviors that people can attach meaning toPeople can attach meaning to nonverbal behaviors such as gestures, postures, facial expressions, eye contact and gaze, touch, etc.9. How can a free, culturally diverse society existA free, culturally diverse society can exist only if diversity is permitted to flourish without prejudice and discrimination, both of which harm all members of the society.Reading IIThe Challenge of GlobalizationComprehension questions1. Why does the author say that our understanding of the world has changedMany things, such as political changes and technological advances, have changed the world very rapidly. In the past most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. Such an existence, however, no longer prevails in the world. Thus, all people are faced with the challenge of understanding this changed and still fast changing world in which we live.2. What a “global village” is likeAs our world shrinks and its inhabitants become interdependent, people from remote cultures increasingly come into contact on a daily basis. In a ―global village‖, members of once isolated groups of people have to communicate with members of other cultural groups. Those people may live thousands of miles away or right next door to each other.3. What is considered as the major driving force of the post-1945 globalizationTechnology, particularly telecommunications and computers are considered to be the major driving force.4. What does the author mean by saying that “the …global?may be more local than the …local?”The increasing global mobility of people and the impact of new electronic media on human communications make the world seem smaller. We may communicate more with people of other countries than with our neighbors, and we may be more informed of the international events than of the local events. Inthis sense, ―the ?global‘ may be more local than the ?local‘‖.5. Why is it important for businesspeople to know diverse cultures in the worldEffective communication may be the most important competitive advantage that firmshave to meet diverse customer needs on a global basis. Succeeding in the global market today requires the ability to communicate sensitively with people from other cultures,a sensitivity that is based on an understanding of cross-cultural differences.6. What are the serious problems that countries throughout the world are confronted withCountries throughout the world are confronted with serious problems such as volatile international economy, shrinking resources, mounting environmental contamination, and epidemics that know no boundaries.7. What implications can we draw from the case of MichaelFayThis case shows that in a world of international interdependence, the ability to understand and communicate effectively with people from other cultures takes on extreme urgency. If we are unaware of the significant role culture plays in communication, we may place the blame for communication failure on people of other cultures.8. What attitudes are favored by the author towardsglobalizationGlobalization, for better or for worse, has changed the world greatly. Whether we like it or not, globalization is all but unstoppable. It is already here to stay. It is both a fact and an opportunity. The challenges are not insurmountable. Solutionsexist, and are waiting to be identified and implemented. From a globalistic point of view, there is hope and faith in humanity.Translation纵观历史，我们可以清楚地看到，人们由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和行为举止上存在的差异，而长久无法互相理解、无法和睦相处。
跨文化交际试题答案（附翻译）
跨文化交际试题答案（附翻译）1.Threeinternationaldevelopmentshavemadeinterculturalco ntactmorepervasive(无处不在),theyare.（D）A.newtechnologyandinformationsystemB.changesintheworld’spopulationC.ashiftintheworld’seconomicarenaD.A,BandC2.__C____hasevolvedthatletssocietiesshareculturalexperience swithoneanotherasfilmsareproducedandshownaroundthewo rld.A.ShowbusinessB.I.T.C.internationalfilmindustryD.Massmedia3._A_____intheUnitedStates,becausetheyhavebeenprofoundlyaffectedbypopulatio nandimmigrationincreases,areaprimarysettingfordomesticinte rculturalcontact.A.V11._C used.CC.differentstyles,thespeechactsD.vocabulary,thepronunciationnguageisaccompaniedbyacontinuousflowofnonverbalc ommunication,whichinvolvesnotonly____butalso____and__ ___.CA.thetone,gaze,postureB.thevoice,theface,thebodyC.thepitch,gaze,gestureD.thepace,thedistance,touch15._B____istheprocessofselecting,organizing,andinterpreting sensorydatainawaythatenablesustomakesenseofourphysicalandsocialworld.A.InterpretationB.PerceptionC.AnalysisD.Understanding16.Themapsareusuallydrawnbyputtingone’scountryinthece nter.Thisillustrates___C___.A.MisinterpretationB.RacialbiasC.EthnocentrismD.Stereotype17.Manystereotypesareprovidedbythe__D______.A.SchooleducationB.TextbookC.HistoryD.Massmedia18.Culturalbreakdowns,setbacksorconflictsresultfrommisinte rpretations,ethnocentrism,andstereotypeasaresultof____B__ _.A.MisperceptionB.RacialbiasC.MisunderstandingD.Falseimpression19.___C__aredefinedas“anenduringsetofbeliefsthatservetoguideordirectourbehavior ”.wsB.PerceptionsC.ValuesD.Worldviews20.Whichofthestatementsaboutculturalvaluesisnottrue?CA.Culturalvalues,asisthecasewithculturalbeliefs,guidebothpe rceptionandcommunication.B.Culturalvalueshavenothingtodowithindividualvalues.C.Culturalvaluesareprescriptive.A.Tendstodeveloptransitorypersonalrelationship.B.Tendstouse"logic"topresentideas.C.Tendstogivesimple,ambiguous,non-contextingmessages.D.V aluesindividualism.30.Thefollowingadvantagesofhigh-contextculture don’t include______.DA.itsavesusmakingmanytrivialdecisions;B.itallowsforgreatflexibility,adaptabilityandoriginality;C.rolestendtobeclear;D.groupprojectsandteameffortstendtobepracticableandeffe ctive.31.Peoplefromculturesthatprefer“highinvolvement”stylestendto__ A_______.A.expecttobeinterruptedepolitelisteningsoundC.giveplentyofpositiveandrespectfulresponsestotheirconvers ationpartnersD.speakoneatatime32.Peoplefrom“highconsiderateness”culturesareoftenthou ghttobe_____B___.A.loudB.passiveC.chattyD.pushy33.Onewaytodeterminewhetheraculturefavorsadirectorindir ectstyleincommunicationis_____A_______.A.H owtheysay,“No.”B.Howtheyinvitepeople.C.Howtheyteachpeople.D.Howtheyacceptpeople.34.In2010,theEasterison___A______.A.4th,AprilB.5th,AprilC.2nd,AprilD.6th,April(5)(T)(11)(12)（(18)(T)TheArabic-speakingnations,LatinAmerica,Russia,andnearlyallofAsia(especial lyIndiaandChina)arehighpowerdi stance.(19)()Languageisinfluencedandshapedbyculture;itreflectscul ture.(20)(F)MainstreamAmericanconversationstylewouldalsobech aracterizedas“high involvement”,althoughitdifferssignifican tlyfromthevariousAsianpatterns.(21)()Wearecaptivesofourculture,thoughitoffersusacommonf rameofreference.(22)()Westudyotherculturesfromtheperspectiveofourowncult ure,soourobservationsandourconclusionaretaintedbyourperso nalandculturalorientations.(23)()Becausewedonothavedirectacc esstothethoughtsandfeelingsofothers,wecan’tinferwhatt heyare experiencing.(24)()Therearerulesforspeakerstofollowastohowmessagesare constructedandinterpreted.(25)()Onlywhenwearedeprivedofourowncultureorputintoaco mpletelynewculturecanwerealizetheimportanceofculturetous.(26)()Stereotypereferstoanunfair,biased,orintolerantattitudet owardsanothergroupofpeople.(27)()Theassumptionofsimilarityisoneofthebiggestpromotio nsininterculturalcommunication.(28)(T)CountriesorregionswithmasculinetraitsareIreland,theP hilippines,Greece,SouthAfrica,Austria,Japan,Italy,andMexico.(29)()Lowcontextcommunicationsavesusmakingmanytriviald ecisions.(30)(F)ForAmericans,twoorthreesecondsofsilencecanbecomf ortable.1.三个国际的发展作出了跨文化联系更普遍的（无处不在），他们是。
《跨文化交际》教学大纲、考试说明、样题及参考答案
《跨文化交际》教学大纲辅导老师:适用班级:09春/秋英语(本科)单元简述第一单元语言、文化与交际内容：介绍语言、文化和交际之间的关系，跨文化交流模式，交流中的各种意义等。
教学目的：帮助学员认识到语言和文化是不可分的，对语言的充分理解需要文化意识。
学习目标：通过各种练习了解决定交际质量的基本要素，认识交际双方在交际过程中的交互作用，把握交际场合的定义、程式和价值观等。
第二单元文化冲击内容：介绍不同文化背景的人接触时常常感到的种种“文化诧异”现象。
教学目的：通过对各种“文化诧异”现象的分析培养学员的文化意识。
学习目标：通过练习认识到英汉在好客、谦逊、隐私、礼貌等方面的文化差异，进一步体会不同的文化价值观对交际行为的影响，初步学会如何适应一个新的文化环境。
第三单元姓名里的文化内容：姓名、称呼语和亲属语中的文化内涵。
教学目的：通过对姓名、称呼语和亲属语中的文化内涵的分析，使学员更加清楚地认识到英汉在这方面的文化差异。
学习目标：通过各种练习学会正确使用姓名、称呼语和亲属语。
第四单元人际间的交互作用内容：介绍在处理日常生活琐事过程中人际间的交互作用。
教学目的：培养学员对人们在处理日常生活琐事过程中不同行为模式的认识。
学习目标：通过练习学会处理邀请、约会、付帐、馈赠、请求、恭维、招待等行为中的文化差异，了解其中的一些不成文规则，更清楚地意识到自己的行为是如何受本族文化影响的。
第五单元角色和关系内容：介绍社会角色，如男和女、父母和孩子、朋友、社会身份等中的文化内涵。
教学目的：帮助学员分析社会角色和关系在不同文化中的期望值。
学习目标：意识到不同角色的不同期望值；意识到不同角色的不同责任；做到同其他文化背景的人交往时能够调整自己的期望值。
第六单元体态语交流内容：介绍体态语在跨文化交际中的重要作用。
教学目的：使学员熟悉不同种类的体态语以及不同文化对体态语的不同解释。
学习目标：通过练习能够描述体态语的不同意义；意识到成功的跨文化交际不仅需要知道如何用语言表达，而且要知道伴随恰当的体态语，在交流中有意识地注意脸部表情、目光接触、手势和身体位置、身体距离等。
西南大学18年12月[0859]《跨文化交际》大作业答案
![西南大学18年12月[0859]《跨文化交际》大作业答案](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/c2f729daaef8941ea66e0511.png)
Since the Spring and Autumn Period, Chinese 知识分子have explored a humanistic spirit as the center of their yearning goal in the world's social history. In the west, it is not the case. Westerners do not seem to have sought knowledge from the beginning for the general population. " God transcends the outside and stands high outside the human circle. The sage turned his back and was still an ordinary person in the humanities.社会科学vs. social sciences"Social science" has two meanings: (1) departments of science that take the system and function of human society and the relationship between members of society as the research object; (2) science (such as economics or politics) that takes a particular aspect of human society as its object of studyIn comparison, the meaning of "社会科学" in Chinese is obviously broader than that of "social science" in English. There's also a behavioral science concept in the English language that's different from "social science, "according to merriam-webster. As is known to all, these three subjects are directly included in the Chinese "social sciences"书vs. book书are nouns, referring to all kinds of books. Book can sometimes be used as a verb to book a ticket.狗vs. dogIn English, Big Dog means " big man" and " elite", but translating it directly into Chinese has become a big dog. If you don't understand the difference, you will regard praising other people's words as swearing.。
跨文化交际英语答案(缩印版)
【Translation】1、纵观历史，我们可以清楚地看到，人们由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和行为举止上存在的差异，而长久无法互相理解、无法和睦相处。
在这种情况下，跨文化交际作为一个特定的研究领域得以形成和发展。
值得注意的是，人类文明在发展过程中所遭受的许多挫折，既是个人的，又是全球性的；人类历史进程总是充满了个人间的直接冲突和民族间的误解——从骂骂咧咧到孤立主义直至到武装冲突，大大小小争端不绝。
很显然，文化间以及亚文化间的交往比以前多了，这迫切要求我们共同努力，去理解有着不同信仰和文化背景的人们，并与之和睦相处。
通过加深认识和理解，我们能够与生活方式、价值观念不同的人们和平共处；这不但有益于我们周遭环境的安定，也是维护世界和平的决定性因素。
2、文化有时候被称为我们的心智程序，我们“头脑的软件”。
但是，我们可以进一步引申这个用电脑所做的类比，把文化看作是支持运行的操作环境。
文化就像电脑使用的DOS 或者Unix 或者“视窗”（Windows）等操作系统一样，使我们能在各种各样的实际应用中处理信息。
用“视窗”这个比喻来描述文化似乎也很有吸引力。
文化就是我们心灵的视窗，透过它我们审视生活的方方面面。
一个社会中不同个体的视窗是不大一样的，但都有着一些重要的共同特征。
文化就好像是鱼畅游于其中的水一般，人们想当然地把文化看成是客观存在的事实，因而很少去研究它。
文化存在于我们所呼吸的空气之中，文化对于我们了解我们自身之为何物是必不可少的，就正如生命离不开空气一样。
文化是特定群体的共有财产，而不单是个体的特征。
社会按照文化设定的程序运作，这种程序来自于相似的生活体验以及对这种生活体验之含义的相似阐释。
如果文化是一种心智程序，那么它也是现实的心灵地图。
从我们很小的时候开始，文化就告诉我们应该看重什么、偏好什么、规避什么和做些什么，文化还告诉我们事物应该是什么样。
文化为我们提供超越个体经验可能的理想典范，帮助我们决定应该优先考虑的人或事。
《跨文化交际学概论》课后习题答案
第一讲跨文化交际1。
在你的日常活动中哪些是比较典型的跨文化交际?答:（1）具有不同文化背景的人从事交际的过程就是跨文化交际。
（2)日常活动中比较典型的跨文化交际有：①中外领导人谈判、进出口公司的工作人员与外国商人谈生意；②和外国旅游者、外国留学生、外国教师交往；③阅读外国小说、观看外国电影、电视节目。
2. 你认为强调个人之间的文化差异有什么利弊？答：强调个人之间的文化差异有如下利弊：(1）利：每个人都隶属于若干群体,而且没有哪两个人隶属的群体是完全相同的。
即使在同一群体中,每个人的态度、价值和信念也不会完全一样。
因此，每个人都应该被认为是独特的.强调个人的差异，就是在从地区、职业、年龄、性别等方面来研究不同文化对个体的影响，这有助于跨文化交际深入开展. （2)弊：过于强调个人之间的文化差异也有一定的弊端.个体只是一种或多种文化的具体情况.根据传统的观念，文化通常不是指个人行为,而是指一个群体的生活方式和习惯，个人之间的差异研究只有在把他们当作群体代表时才有意义。
过于强调个人文化之间的差异会使跨文化交际变得非常繁琐，实际上取消了跨文化研究的意义。
3。
我国的地区文化差异是否可以作为跨文化交际研究的重要方面？答：我国的地区文化差异可以作为跨文化交际研究的重要方面。
(1）跨文化交际研究的重要性排序如下：主流文化—亚文化—地区文化—小群体文化。
（2）地区文化的差异是跨文化交际研究的重要课题之一.我国幅员辽阔、地域广袤，地势高低起伏，地形复杂多变,由于空间分布差异,各地区形成了具有各自地方特斯的区域文化.（3）同时，我国是一个多民族国家，每个民族都有自己的民族文化传统,这些也构成了地区文化的一部分。
这些地区文化从总体上看，特点显著,区别性强,差异性大，值得进行跨文化研究。
第二讲跨文化交际学1.跨文化交际学为什么产生在美国？答：跨文化交际学产生在美国有以下几个原因：（1）美国是一个移民国家。
除了印第安人以外，其他人都先后来自其他国家和地区.美国有来自欧洲、非洲、亚洲、拉丁美洲、大洋洲各国的移民.他们具有各自的文化传统和风俗习惯，他们在相互交际中难免产生问题，在年上世纪60年代，少数民族特别是黑人争取自己权利与地位的斗争风起云涌,民族意识日益增强，各少数民族都强调维护自己的文化,于是逐渐地在美国社会形成了多元文化的格局。
完整版版0859跨文化交际网上作业与课程考试复习资料全
最新版】 [0859] 《跨文化交际》网上作业与课程考试复习资料 （ 全）[0859] 《跨文化交际》 第1批[ 填 空 题 ]9. The differences in feminine masculine styles ofxxmunication frequently lead tocross-gender interaction. 参考答案： 9. misunderstanding [ 判断题 ]10. High uncertainty and anxiety hindereffective intercultural xxmunicationto a different extent.参考答案：正确 [ 判断题 ] 3. Sometimes the Chinese way of showing modestymust be considered as fishing for xxpliments. 参考答案：正确误 [ 判断题 ]1) 5. Environment is one of the five study areas that nonverbal xxmunication covers.参考答案：正确 [ 判断题 ]andin [ 判断题 龙” to the Chinese. 参考答案：6. A lady might be feminine, masculine or axxbination of both.参考答案：正确 [ 填空题 ]1.In daily verbal xxmunication, there are many ways one mustorder to maintain smooth cross-culturalThe purpose of the greeting is tosocial contact, not to transferinformation.参考答案： 4. establish [ 填空题 ]3. There is nothing more embarrassing thanone's xxpliments hurting others cultural values.参考答案： 3. due[ 填空 题 ]4. Understanding and appreciation of differences among cultures in cognitiveprocessing and problem solving is a major step参考答案： 4. interculturalobserve in interaction. 参考答案： 1. routine[ 填空题 ]2. to different toward successfulxxmunication. [ 填空题 ]5. Beauty is only deep. 参考答案： 5. skin[ 填空题 ]6. xxmunication expresses meaning orAmerican or French negotiators.参考答案： 10. agreements[ 判断 题 ]7. Cultural differences positive impacts on negotiation as peoplecanlearn from each other.参考答案：错误[ 判 断 题 ]8. Due to the cultural interpreting in intercultural encounters isfeeling withoutwords.参考答案： 6. Nonverbal[ 填空题 ]8. Edward Hall alerts us to the invisible aspects of culture and nonverbalxxmunication, which he calls as \language ” and \dimension ” 参考答案： 8. silent[ 填空题 ]7. People fromcultures schedule several activities at the same time, and time for them is more flexible and more human-centered.参考答案： 7. P-time[ 填空题 ]10. Like the Japanese, the Chinese also prefer written that would appear too general to can generate differences,possible but difficult.B ： Wang Li should praise the hostess first.C ： The hostess was upset to have given birth to a 参考答案：正确[ 判断题 ]9. The Eastern view of the universe is characteristically dualistic, materialistic,and lifeless while the Western view is profoundly holistic, dynamic, and spiritual.2. All cultures require and value politeness, but politeness is achieved may varysignificantly.Chinese at a Vietnamese university, Wang Li was invited by her Vietnamese colleague to his home for dinner. Upon seeing his newborn baby, Wang Li couldn't help expressing her admiration of the lively girl, but the hostess seemed unhappy.A ： The hostess was annoyed because her husband invited a woman home.参考答案：错误 [ 判断题]1. All people of the same nationality will have the same culture.参考答案：错误 [ 判断题]the ways in which参考答案：正确 第 2批 [ 单选题 ]1. Whenteaching9. Suppose you are at the home of your English teacher, Mr. Savior. Mr. Savior says, \D ： Wang Li should not praise the newborn baby. 参考答案： A [ 单选题 ]2. When one customer inquired about Mary,colleague, who resigned a coupe of weeks before, I, aChinese American, said, \place now. ” Upon hearing the customer was startled and asked sorrowfully, \How did the customer understand the reply \at a better place now参考答案： C [ 单选题 ]7. Mr. Jones, an American businessman, is mad at his Japanese counterparts who persistently ask him same question. \don't they believe me What is causing the confusionA ： Mr. Jones doesn ' t explain the matter clearly enough.B ： Mr. Jones is impatient at his Japanese girl.my it, A ： S he ' s landed a better job.B ： S he ' s spending her holiday.C ： S he ' s dead.D ： S he ' s jobless.the ” he xxplains.counterparts.9. Suppose you are at the home of your English teacher, Mr. Savior. Mr. Savior says, \C ： The Japanese tend to distrust Americans.D ： The Japanese tend to repeat the questions. 参考答案： D [ 单选题 ]12. When introduced to a senior professoror to the parents of a friend, which of the[ 单选题 ]15. Your friend's mother, Mrs. Keeler, asked if you would like something to eat. What wouldyou say to refuse politely A are so kind. ”B ： “ Oh, no. Mrs. Keeler. ”C ： “No, thanks, I ' ve just had lunch.D ：“ I ' m full now and have no room for A ：“ Hi! Glad to know you. B ： “ Hello ” and bow. C ： “ Hello, it 's nice to hands.D ： “ How are you ” meet you, ” and then shake No, thank you. You following isappropriate参考答案：any more.参考答案： C [ 单选题]9. Suppose you are at the home of your English teacher, Mr. Savior. Mr. Savior says, \I want to see you long ago.I ' ve bothered you too much.参考答案： B [ 单选题 ]参考答案： A [ 论述题 ] Define the following terms:1. Nonverbal xxmunication2. Body language/Kinesics3. world view4.stereotype参考答案：1. Nonverbal xxmunication is the process by which nonverbal behaviors are used, either singly orxxbination with verbal behaviors, in the exchange and interpretation of messages within a given situation visitor , Mr. Brown, talks to him, saying \___ A ： “ Thank you. It ' s kind of you to say so. B ： “ No, not at all. C ： “ No, no, my English is poor.D ： “ Oh, no. Far that, I still have 10. Xiao Ma is an interpreter. One day a foreign togo. a long way A ： Thank you. ”B ： I ' m glad to be here.C ：D ： in or参考答案： D[ 单选题 ]13. You've just been asked out to dinner context.2. Body language refers to the meaningrepresenting devices as facial expressions and eyebehaviors, gestures, and postures.3. A xxprehensive world view (or worldview) is thefundamentalcognitive orientation of an individual or societyvalues, emotions, and ethicsimmediately after an introduction A4. A stereotype or \specific socia l groups or types of individuals. The concepts of \and \are often confused with many other differe nt meanings. Stereotype s are standardized and simplifi ed conceptions of groups based on some prior assumptions . [ 单 选题 ] topic is more appropriate to discuss B ： Religio n. C ： Marital status. D ：Weather.enxxpassingnatural philosophy; fundamental existential and normative postulates;or themes, Politics.very American, you know ”What do Americans usually do when waiting in linebut you don't want to go with the person who invited you. You might say, so. I already have plans.B ：“ No, I really don ' t enjoy being with you.C ：“ I ' m dieting so I mustnD ： “ Thanks a lot but I ' m busy tonight. ” 参考答案： D[ 单选题 ]14. A and B are neighbors. A says,\replies,参考答案： A [ 单选题 ] 3. A Frenchwoman whoheard me speaking French toa friend when queuing in the supermarket introduced herself to us, gave us her address and telephonenumber, and invited us to xxe to her if we were passing by her city. Then just before leaving us, sheapologized for her behavior by saying, \speakingFrench. I've beenI don 't think t go out to eat.A ： What a shame! ”B ： A shame. ”C ： Shame on you. ”D ： Shame!”in a supermarketA：They show signs of impatience but remain silent.B：They turn to their neighbors and strike up general conversations.C：They take out a newspaper and begin to read.D ：They begin to curse the cashier and the supermarket.参考答案： B [ 单选题]4. In America, you go into a department store but you just want to look without any intention of buying anything. A salesperson xxes up to you and asks, \ A：Say, “ Thanks, but I ' m just browsing.B：Say yes and ask for help so you won t offend the salesperson.C：Say no.[0859] 《跨文化交际》第1批[ 填空题]9. The differences in feminine and masculine styles ofxxmunication frequently lead to in cross-gender interaction.参考答案：9. misunderstanding参考答案： 4. establish[ 判断题 ]10. High uncertainty and anxiety hindereffective intercultural xxmunicationto a different extent.参考答案：正确 [ 判断题 ]3. Sometimes the Chinese way of showing modestymust be considered as fishing for xxpliments.参考答案：误 [ 判断题 ]that nonverbal xxmunication covers.xxbination of both.In daily verbal xxmunication, there are manyways one mustorder to maintain smooth cross-culturalThe purpose of the greeting is tosocial contact, not to transferinformation.[ 判断题龙” to the Chinese. 参考答案：错1) 5.Environment is one of the five study areas参考答案：正确 [ 判断题 ]6. A ladymight be feminine, masculine or a参考答案：正确 [ 填空题 ]1.observe in interaction. 参考答案： 1. routine[ 填空题 ]2.[ 填空题 ]3. There is nothing more embarrassing than one's xxpliments hurting others cultural values.参考答案： 3. due[ 填空 题 ]4. Understanding and appreciation ofdifferences among cultures in cognitiveprocessing and problem solving is a major step参考答案： 4. interculturalseveral activities at the same time, and time for them is more flexible and more human-centered. to different toward successfulxxmunication.[ 填空题 ]5. Beauty is only deep. 参考答案： 5. skin[ 填空题 ]6. xxmunication expresses meaning orfeeling withoutwords.参考答案： 6. Nonverbal[ 填空题 ]8. Edward Hall alerts us to the invisible aspects of culture and nonverbalxxmunication, which he calls as \ language ”and \dimension ” 参考答案： 8. silent[ 填空题 ]7. People fromcultures schedule 参考答案：7. P-time[ 填空题 ]10. Like the Japanese, the Chinese alsoAmerican or French negotiators.参考答案： 10. agreements[ 判 断 题 ]7. Cultural differences positive impacts on negotiation as peoplecanlearn from each other.参考答案：错误[ 判 断 题 ]8. Due to the cultural interpreting in intercultural encounters ispossible but difficult.参考答案：正确[ 判断题 ]9. The Eastern view of the universe ischaracteristically dualistic, materialistic,and lifeless while the Western view is profoundlyholistic, dynamic, and spiritual.参考答案：错误 [ 判断题 ]1. All people of the same nationality will have the same culture.参考答案：错误 [ 判断题 ]prefer writtenthat would appear too general tocan generatedifferences,2.All cultures require and value politeness, butpoliteness is achieved may varysignificantly.Chinese at a Vietnamese university, Wang Li was invited by her Vietnamese colleague to his home for dinner. Upon seeing his newborn baby, Wang Li couldn't help expressing her admiration of the lively girl, but the hostess seemed unhappy.A ： The hostess was annoyed because her husband invited a woman home.B ： Wang Li should praise the hostess first.C ： The hostess was upset to have given birth to a girl.D ： Wang Li should not praise the newborn baby. 参考答案： A [ 单选题 ]2. When one customer inquired about Mary, mycolleague, who resigned a coupe of weeks before, I, a Chinese American, said, \place now. ” Upon hearing it, the customer was startled and asked sorrowfully, \How did the customer understand the reply \at a better place now ”A ：She ' s landed a better job.the ways in which参考答案：正确 第 2批 [ 单选题 ]1. WhenteachingB：She' s spending her holiday.C：She' s dead.D：She' s jobless.参考答案： C [ 单选题]7. Mr. Jones, an American businessman, is mad athis Japanese counterparts who persistently ask him the same question. \don't they believe me” he xxplains. What is causing the confusionA：Mr. Jones doesn ' t explain the matter clearly enough.B ：Mr. Jones is impatient at his Japanese counterparts.C：The Japanese tend to distrust Americans.D：The Japanese tend to repeat the questions.参考答案： D [ 单选题]12. When introduced to asenior professoror to the parents of a friend, which of thefollowing is appropriateA：Hi! Glad to know you.B：Hello ” and bow.C：Hello, it 's nice to meet you, ” and then shake hands.D ： “ How are you ” 参考答案： C[ 单选题 ]15. Your friend's mother, Mrs. Keeler, asked if you would like something to eat. What would you say to refuse politely Aare so kind. ”No, no, my English is poor.No, thank you. You B ： Oh, no. Mrs. Keeler.C ： No, thanks, I ' ve just had lunch.D ： I ' m full now and have no room for any more. 参考答案： C [ 单选题 ]9. Suppose you are at the home of your English teacher, Mr. Savior. Mr. Savior says, \A ： Thank you. ”B ： I ' m glad to be here.C ： I want to see you long ago.D ： I ' ve bothered you too much.参考答案： B [ 单选题 ]10. Xiao Ma is an interpreter. One day a foreign visitor, Mr. Brown, talks to him, saying \A ： Thank you. It ' s kind of you to say so.B ： No, not at all. ”C ：D ：“ Oh, no. Far from that, I still have alongto go. ” 参考答案： A [ 论述题 ]Define the following terms:1. Nonverbal xxmunication2. Body language/Kinesics3. world view4.stereotype参考答案：1. Nonverbal xxmunication is the process bywhichnonverbal behaviors are used, either singly or xxbination with verbal behaviors, in the exchange andcontext.Body language refers to the meaningdevices as facial expressions and eye behaviors, gestures, and postures.3. A xxprehensive world view (or worldview) is the fundamentalcognitive orientation of an individual or societyexistential and normative postulates; or themes, values,enxxpassingnatura l philosophy ; fundamenta l wayininterpretation of messages within a given situation or2. representingemotions, and ethics4.A stereotype or \specific social groups or typesof individuals. The concepts of \and confused with many other different \are often meanings.Stereotypes are standardized and simplified conceptions of groups based on some prior assumptions.[ 单选题] topic is more appropriate to discuss immediately after an introduction A ：Politics.B：Religion.C：Marital status.D：Weather.参考答案： D[ 单选题]13. You've just been asked out to dinnerbut you don't want to go with the person who invitedyou. You might say, I don 't think so. I already have plans.B：“ No, I really don ' t enjoy being with you.C：“ I ' m dieting so I mustn t go out to eat.D：“ Thanks a lot but I ' m busy tonight. ”参考答案： D[ 单选题]14. A and B are neighbors. A says, \replies, A：“ What a shame! ”B：“ A shame. ”C：“ Shame on you. ”D：“ Shame!”参考答案： A [ 单选题]3.A Frenchwoman who heard me speaking French toa friend when queuing in the supermarket introduced herself to us, gave us her address and telephone number, and invited us to xxe to her if we were passing by her city. Then just before leaving us, she apologized for her behavior by saying, \speaking French. I've been very American, you know ”What do Americans usually do when waiting in linein a supermarketA：They show signs of impatience but remainsilent.B：They turn to their neighbors and strike upgeneral conversations.C：They take out a newspaper and begin to read.D ：They begin to curse the cashier and thesupermarket.参考答案： B [ 单选题]4. In America, you go into a department store but you just want to look without any intention of buying anything. A salesperson xxes up to you and asks, \A ：Say, “ Thanks, but I ' m just browsing. ”B ： Say yes and ask for help so you won the salesperson.C ： Say no.' t offend。
跨文化交际英语教程课后答案
跨文化交际英语教程课后答案【篇一：新编跨文化交际英语教程_参考答案unit 6】ture and nonverbal communicationreading ian overview of nonverbal communicationcomprehension questions1. can you speak each of the following sentences in different ways to mean differently?1) she is my best friend.2) you?ve done really good job.3) come here, please.4) that?s all right.speaking the same sentence with the stress on different words may mean different things. for instance, if the stress falls on “she” in the first sente nce, it means it is she, not you or somebody else, that is my best friend. but if the stress falls on “my”, it implies that she is my, not your or somebody?s best friend.2. speakers of british english use loudness only when they are angry, speakers of indian english use it to get the floor, a chance to speak. so when an indian speaker is trying to get the floor, what would the british speaker think of the indian and what would the british behave in response?the british speaker may think that the indian gets angry with him or behaves rudely towards him, so he may complain about the indian?s rudeness or even return his rudeness as a response.3. what differences in body language use have you noticed between your chinese teachers and foreign teachers?there are really some differences between chinese teachers and foreign teachers in their use of body language. for instance, chinese teachers in general do not use gestures as much as foreign teachers do, and their facial expressions often seem to be less varied than those of many foreign teachers.4. do you know any gestures we often use that might be misunderstood by people from other cultures?for example, the way we chinese motion to others to come over might be misunderstood by people from some western countries to mean bye-bye.5. how do we chinese people use eye contact in communication?during a conversation between two chinese, it seems that the speaker and the hearer would usually look at each other (not necessarily in the eye) from time to time. how much eye-contact there is may depend on the relationship between the speaker and hearer and the situation they find themselves in.6. how will you eye them when you are communicating with people from the united states or people from japan?while talking with americans, we should look directly into the eyes of the person with whom we are talking. however; while talking with japanese, we are not expected to look at them in the eye but at a position around the adam?s apple.7. do you often smile at others? why or why not?it depends. for instance, it seems that we chinese, as well as people of other eastern asian countries, do not usually smile at strangers as much as americans.8. what function(s) may laughter serve in our culture? does it sometimes cause intercultural misunderstanding?laughter in our culture may serve various functions. sometimes, it is used to express amusement or ridicule, and sometimes it is simply used to make one feel less embarrassed.9. do you often touch others while talking with them? whom do you touch more than others?we chinese generally do not often touch others while talking with them unless they are our intimate friends or younger children.10. in small groups or in pairs, demonstrate all the possible ways you can think of to greet another person. is touching always part of a greeting?no. touching is not always part of a greeting in our culture as in some other cultures.11. will you apologize if you accidentally touch other people in public places? why or why not?many people will apologize if they accidentally touch other people in public places since in our culture people who arestrangers to each other should not touch. however, whether people will apologize or not depends on the situations. if a person accidentally touches a stranger in a very crowded place, he or she may not apologize for it.reading iigender and nonverbal communicationcomprehension questions1. what may often happen to those who do not conform to their culture?s accepted gender “script”?there are often severe social penalties for those who act in violation of their culture?s accepted gender ―script.2. does touch have any connotation in different situations? can you give some specific examples?touch, like physical closeness, may be considered an expression of affection, support, or sexual attraction. for instance, in some cultures, it may be all right for women friends and relatives to walk arm-in-arm, dance together, and hug one another, but if men do so, they may be frowned upon, for it would be considered as having the connotation of being homosexual.3. what will possibly happen to a woman who is appreciably taller than the man?taller women may attempt to diminish themselves, to slouch and round their shoulders so as to retreat or to occupy as little space as possible.4. are men and women required to have the same facial expressions? does smile mean the same things to both men and women?men and women are not usually required to have the same facial expressions. smile may mean different things to men and women. for females smile functions as an expression of pleasure, pleasantness, or a desire for approval, while males may resist any nonverbal display of expression to others in order to appear more masculine, because being facially expressive is often seen as a marker of ―femininity.5. why are the african-american women less deferential than white women and less inclined to smile?african-american women are found to be less deferential than white women and, therefore, less inclined to smile, simply because it is expected of them to be so in their culture.6. in what ways may direct eye contact between individuals be interpreted?looking directly into another person?s eyes can connote an aggressive threat, a sexual invitation, or a desire for honest and open communication.7. what was found in a study of nonverbal communication among hispanic couples? in a study of nonverbal communication among hispanic couples, it was found that many puerto rican wives never looked directly at their husbands.8. how does clothing manifest and promote cultural definitions of masculinity and femininity?through clothing and make-up, the body is more or less marked, constituted as an appropriate, or, as the case may be, inappropriate body for its cultural requirements. males and females have to dress themselves appropriately according to their cultural definitions of masculinity and femininity.case studycase 21sometimes our best intentions can lead to breakdowns (故障) in cross-cultural communication. for example, one of the very common manners of touching --- handshaking --- may result in conflict when performed with no consideration of cultural differences. among middle-class north american men, it is customary to shake hands as a gesture of friendship. when wanting to communicate extra friendliness, a male in the united states may, while shaking hands, grasp with his left hand his friend?s right arm. however, to people of middle eastern countries, the left hand is profane (亵渎的) and touching someone with it is highly offensive. therefore, in vernon?s eyes, kenneth was actually an extremely offensive message to him.case 22in puerto rican culture, as in some other latin american and eastern cultures, it is not right for a child to keep an eye-contact with an adult who is accusing him or her, while in the united states, failing of meeting other person?s eye accusing him or her would be taken as a sign of guiltiness. as the principal knew little about this cultural difference in using eye-contact, he decided that the girl must be guilty. generallyspeaking, avoiding eye-contact with the other(s) is often considered as an insult in some cultures, but may signify respect for authority and obedience in other cultures.case 23just like smile, laughing does not always serve the same function in different cultures.interestingly, for us chinese, laughing often has a special function on some tense social occasions. people may laugh to release the tension or embarrassment, to express their concern about you, their intention to put you at ease or to help you come out of the embarrassment. in this case, the people there were actually wishing to laugh with the american rather than laugh at her. their laughing seemed to convey a number of messages: don?t take it so seriously; laugh it off, it?s nothing; such things can happen to any of us, etc. unfortunately the american was unaware of this. she thought they were laughing at her, which made her feel more badly and angry, for in her culture laughing on such an occasion would be interpreted as an insulting response, humiliating and negative.case 24it is obvious that there exists some difference between the british and germans in their use of touch. the lack of touch that seems to be natural in britain may be considered strange by germans. what is required (in this case, shaking hands with each other) in one country could be taken as unnecessary in another.the appropriateness of contact between people varies from country to country. figures from a study offer some interesting insight into this matter. pairs of individuals sitting and chatting in college shops in different countries were observed for at least one hour each. the number of times that either one touched the other in that one hour was recorded, as follows: in london, 0; in florida, 2; in paris, 10; in puerto rico, 180. these figures indicate that touch is used very differently in different cultures.【篇二：新编跨文化交际英语教程答案详解】很显然，文化间以及亚文化间的交往比以前多了，这迫切要求我们共同努力，去理解有着不同信仰和文化背景的人们，并与之和睦相处。
2016年12月西南大学继续教育学院跨文化交际【0859】卷大作业答案
A stereotype or "stereotypes" is a commonly held public belief about specific social groups or types of individuals. The concepts of"stereotype" and "prejudice" are often confused with many other different meanings. Stereotypes are standardized and simplified conceptions of groups based on some prior assumptions.
西南大学网络与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷
类别：网教专业：英语2016年12月
课程名称【编号】：跨文化交际【0859】A卷
大作业满分：100分
I. Define the following terms. (40%)
1.nonverbal comnication is the process by which nonverbal behaviors are used, either singly or in combination with verbal behaviors, in the exchange and interpretation of messages within a given situation or context
3.Gender
Gender and sex are not synonymous. Sex is determined by genetics and biology, while gender is produced and reproduced by society. Societies create meanings of gender; in turn, individuals become gendered as they embody social prescriptions in their personal identities
跨文化交际教程答案详解
导言“新编跨文化交际英语教程·教师用书”主要是为使用“新编跨文化交际英语教程”教师配套的教学指南。
“新编跨文化交际英语教程”是在原有“跨文化交际英语教程”的基础上经过全面、系统修订而成，我们对全书做了较大的更新和完善，调整和增补了许多材料，力求使其更具时代性，更适合教学实际和学生需求。
为了进一步推进跨文化交际教学，在多年从事跨文化交际教学和研究的基础上，我们又特地编写了这本“新编跨文化交际英语教程·教师用书”，希望能对使用本教材进行教学的广大教师们，尤其是初次使用这本教材的教师们提供一些必要的引导和实质性的帮助。
为此，我们尽可能地为各单元中几乎所有的部分和项目都提供了参考提示。
除此之外，还补充了一些取自跨文化交际学重要著作的选段，供教师进一步了解相关背景知识和理论基础，以拓宽视野，有利于更好地进行教学。
同时我们还在书后附上了推荐的中文阅读书目（英文阅读书目可参看上海外语教育出版社的“跨文化交际丛书”系列）和有关跨文化交际的部分电影资料简介。
“新编跨文化交际英语教程”主要适用于高等学校英语专业教学中的跨文化交际课程，旨在通过课堂教学及相关活动使学生认识跨文化交际对当代世界所具有的重要意义和作用，了解文化对人类生活各个方面、尤其是交际活动的制约和影响，理解并把握交际活动的重要性、丰富性、复杂性，熟悉跨文化交际的基本构成以及所涉及的各种因素，培养跨文化意识，形成和发展对文化差异的敏感和宽容、以及处理文化差异问题的灵活性，提高使用英语进行跨文化交际的技能，为最终获得与不同文化背景人们进行深入交流的能力奠定基础。
通过使用本教材，教师也可从中获得更多有关文化（包括我们自己文化和外族文化）和跨文化交际的知识。
这本教材共分为10个单元，涉及全球化时代的交际问题、文化与交际、各类文化差异、语言与文化、跨文化言语交际、跨文化非言语交际、时间与空间使用上的文化、跨文化感知、跨文化适应、跨文化能力等，包括了跨文化交际的各个方面，对其中一些重要问题都有相对深入的介绍与探讨。
跨文化交际与成人教育试卷
跨文化交际与成人教育试卷（答案见尾页）一、选择题1. 跨文化交际中，以下哪个选项不是尊重对方文化的表现？A. 了解并尊重对方的语言习惯B. 避免使用自己的文化中的俚语和习惯用语C. 在交流中始终坚持自己的文化观点D. 尝试理解和接受对方的文化习俗和价值观2. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪个因素可能导致误解？A. 语言障碍B. 文化差异C. 共同的兴趣爱好D. 双方的沟通技巧3. 成人教育在跨文化交际中的作用不包括以下哪项？A. 提高学生的跨文化意识B. 增强学生的跨文化适应能力C. 缩小文化差异带来的冲突D. 培养学生的单一文化视角4. 跨文化交际中，以下哪个是有效的沟通策略？A. 忽视文化差异，直接按照自己的方式沟通B. 尽可能地使用对方的母语进行交流C. 避免谈论可能引起争议的话题D. 在交流中保持开放和灵活的态度5. 在成人教育的跨文化交际课程中，以下哪项不是重要的学习目标？A. 了解不同文化的价值观和信仰B. 掌握有效的跨文化沟通技巧C. 培养全球视野和跨文化团队合作能力D. 学习如何在交流中避免表达自己的观点6. 跨文化交际中，以下哪个是常见的非语言沟通形式？A. 语言B. 肢体语言C. 语调D. 以上都是7. 在成人教育中，以下哪个方法可以帮助学生更好地适应跨文化交际？A. 提供跨文化交际的课程和培训B. 鼓励学生参与跨文化交流活动C. 忽视文化差异，让学生自己适应D. 只关注语言技能的提升8. 跨文化交际中，以下哪个是尊重对方的表现？A. 打断对方的发言B. 适时给予反馈和确认C. 使用礼貌的语言和称呼D. 忽视对方的个人空间9. 在成人教育的跨文化交际课程中，以下哪项技能不是必须掌握的？A. 跨文化沟通能力B. 文化适应能力C. 本地化技能D. 跨文化谈判技巧10. 跨文化交际中，以下哪个是理解和接受不同文化的基础？A. 文化比较B. 文化认同C. 文化适应D. 文化冲突11. 在成人教育的跨文化交际中，教师应该采取哪种态度？A. 消极适应B. 积极适应C. 抵抗适应D. 被动适应12. 跨文化交际中，以下哪个因素可能导致误解？A. 文化背景差异B. 语言障碍C. 非语言沟通失误D. 所有以上选项13. 在成人教育的跨文化交际中，以下哪个策略有助于减少误解？A. 明确表达自己的观点B. 避免使用复杂的句子结构C. 频繁使用专业术语D. 减少非语言沟通的使用14. 在成人教育的跨文化交际中，教师如何展示对学生的尊重？A. 通过平等的态度对待所有学生B. 只关注学生的学术表现C. 使用本文化的教学材料D. 避免与学生进行眼神交流15. 跨文化交际中，以下哪个是文化适应的重要方面？A. 语言能力B. 文化知识C. 社交技能D. 所有以上选项16. 在成人教育的跨文化交际中，教师如何帮助学生适应新的文化环境？A. 提供充足的文化背景信息B. 强调本文化的价值观C. 鼓励学生保持自己的文化特色D. 避免讨论敏感话题17. 跨文化交际中，以下哪个不是文化冲突的原因？A. 不同的价值观B. 相同的语言C. 不同的生活习惯D. 不同的信仰18. 在成人教育的跨文化交际中，教师应具备哪种能力？A. 跨文化敏感度B. 本国文化优越感C. 语言翻译能力D. 忽略文化差异的能力19. 跨文化交际中，以下哪个不属于文化冲突的原因？A. 价值观念的差异B. 语言障碍C. 社会习俗的不同D. 共同的兴趣爱好20. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种行为被认为是尊重对方的表现？A. 直接打断对方讲话B. 适当模仿对方的说话方式C. 不打听对方的隐私D. 公开批评对方的文化习惯21. 成人教育在跨文化交际中的作用不包括以下哪一点？A. 提高学生的跨文化意识B. 增强学生的跨文化适应能力C. 传授特定的文化知识D. 培养学生的创新思维能力22. 在跨文化教学中，教师应该采取哪种策略来帮助学生更好地理解和接受不同文化？A. 尽可能使用学生的母语教学B. 忽略文化差异，统一教学内容和方式C. 对比分析不同文化的优缺点D. 鼓励学生积极参与文化体验活动23. 跨文化交际中，以下哪个因素最容易导致误解？A. 肢体语言B. 语调C. 词汇选择D. 语境24. 在成人教育的跨文化交际课程中，以下哪项不是培养学生跨文化沟通能力的有效方法？A. 角色扮演B. 小组讨论C. 单独阅读D. 跨文化案例分析25. 跨文化交际中，以下哪个观点是正确的？A. 文化差异是导致沟通障碍的唯一原因B. 了解对方的文化背景是成功沟通的关键C. 所有文化都存在相同的价值观和信仰D. 跨文化交际不需要考虑语言因素26. 在成人教育中，以下哪项有助于学生提高跨文化交际能力？A. 增强对本国文化的了解B. 学习其他国家的语言C. 只关注专业技能的提升D. 避免与来自不同文化背景的人交流27. 跨文化交际中，以下哪个行为体现了对他人的尊重？A. 随意打断他人讲话B. 尊重他人的个人空间和隐私C. 在公共场合大声喧哗D. 对他人的观点进行嘲笑28. 在成人教育的跨文化交际课程中，以下哪项教学目标不是培养学生的跨文化沟通能力？A. 能够理解和欣赏不同文化背景下的艺术作品B. 学会在不同文化场合下恰当地使用语言和非语言行为C. 提高解决跨文化冲突的能力D. 增强对本国文化的优越感29. 跨文化交际中，以下哪个不属于文化差异的表现？A. 语言障碍B. 礼仪习惯不同C. 价值观念的差异D. 个人兴趣爱好的差异30. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种态度是不利于沟通的？A. 尊重对方的文化习惯B. 积极参与社交活动C. 持有偏见和刻板印象D. 主动学习和了解不同文化二、问答题1. 什么是跨文化交际？它在成人教育中的重要性是什么？2. 在跨文化交际中，常见的沟通障碍有哪些？如何解决这些障碍？3. 成人学习者面临哪些特殊的跨文化交际挑战？4. 如何在成人教育中有效地进行跨文化交际教学？5. 跨文化交际能力对成人学习者的职业发展有何影响？6. 在跨文化交际中，如何理解和尊重不同文化的价值观和信仰？7. 成人学习者如何提高自己的跨文化交际能力？8. 在成人教育的跨文化交际课程中，教师应扮演什么样的角色？参考答案选择题：1. C2. A3. D4. D5. D6. D7. A8. C9. C 10. A11. B 12. D 13. A 14. A 15. D 16. A 17. B 18. A 19. D 20. C21. D 22. D 23. C 24. C 25. B 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. D 30. C问答题：1. 什么是跨文化交际？它在成人教育中的重要性是什么？跨文化交际是指不同文化背景的人们之间的信息交流和沟通。
国开电大跨文化交际与汉语教学期末大作业答案
国开电大《跨文化交际与汉语教学》期末大作业答案一、案例分析（25分/题，共50分）案例一李老师是一名汉语志愿者教师，在美国大学教口语课。
期末考试的形式为一对一的口语考试，考试的时候，她面对学生，认真倾听学生的口试，记录出现的语音语法错误，尽最大可能做到客观评分。
然而，分数发布以后，一名美国学生对分数提出申诉，理由是：“我在进行口试的时候，老师一直对我微笑，并且频频点头，我以为她对我的口试非常满意，可是为什么给了我这么低的分数！”李老师很迷惑：考试时对学生微笑，是为了缓解学生的紧张情绪；点头是为了鼓励学生继续往下说。
请问，如何理解学生对李老师的误解？如果你是李老师，这件事对你的教学有何启示？请你从非言语交际行为的文化差异、国际汉语教学环境中师生文化冲突两个方面对案例进行分析。
案例二在国内一所大学的短期汉语班上，一位年轻的女汉语教师每次上课都直呼一位六十多岁的日本进修生的名字，这引起了班上一些日本和韩国学生的不满，他们觉得这位年轻的女老师直接叫长辈的名字是不敬的表现。
而班上的法国和美国学生则认为，老师对所有的学生都叫名字，没有什么不对的地方。
请问，学生对老师称呼方式的不同反应体现了怎样的价值观方面的差异？假如你是案例中的这位老师，你会如何称呼这位年长的学生？如何解决这一文化冲突？可以结合文化依附策略来进行分析。
二、文化活动设计（50分/题，共50分）假设你在美国一所小学任教，中秋节快到了，请你为他们设计一个“一起过中秋”的活动。
围绕以下几点考虑：如何根据学生的年龄特点设计活动？可以设计哪些活动？2.如何制造流动性，让学生动起来？3.给学生布置什么任务，使他们用语言完成交际？4.如何让所有学生都参与其中？参考答案一、案例分析案例一参考答案1这个案例涉及到了非言语交际行为的文化差异以及国际汉语教学环境中的师生文化冲突。
让我们从这两个方面来分析学生对李老师的误解以及可能的启示：1. 非言语交际行为的文化差异：微笑：在一些文化中，微笑通常被视为友好和支持的体现，可能会用于鼓励、安慰或者表示满意。
跨文化交际复习题及答案
判断题T 1 As a phenomenon, intercultural communication has existed for thousands of years. However, as a discipline, its history is only about fifty years. 作为一种现象，跨文化传播已经存在了数千年。
然而，作为一门学科，它的历史只有大约五十年。
F 2 Intercultural Communication as a discipline first started in Europe. 跨文化交际是欧洲第一门学科静态的实体while communication is a dynamic process. 文化是一个静态的实体而F 3 Culture is a static entity 静态的沟通是一个动态的过程T 4 Culture can be seen as shared knowledge ,what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given 约定的特定的culture. 文化可以被看作是一种共享的知识，人们需要知道的是在一个特定的文化中扮演适当的行为T 5 Although cultural stereotype has its limitations (over-generalization),it still contributes to a perso n’s cultural cognition.认识、认知文化刻板印象虽有其局限性，但仍有助于人的文化认知。
T 6 In intercultural communication, we should separate one’s individual character from cultural generalization. 在跨文化交际中，我们要把自己的个性和文化的泛化分开。
《跨文化交际》考试试卷及答案
《跨文化交际》考试试卷Section I Listening Test[20points]Part1.Questions1-5are based on this part.(10points)You are going to listen to a panel discussion between two people on animal behavior.Choose the best answer from A,B,C and D for each question.Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1.Madam Chair states that chimpanzee's altruism__________.A.is similar to that of beesB.may contain an element of self-interestC.is part of a group feeding systemD.is not a mutual-aid system2.Worker bees work hard looking for food for2or3weeks,__________.A.and then die,leaving no offspringB.and then feed their offspringC.but die before feeding their offspringD.and then produce their offspring3.Chimpanzees who don't do their share of grooming are__________by the group.A.criticizedB.acceptedC.exchangedD.rejected4.Male lions will cooperate in groups comprising__________.A.brothersB.brothers and sistersC.brothers and sisters and daughtersD.brothers and sisters and daughters and aunts5.Which of the following animals are being discussed in the conversation?A.bees,dogs,and lionsB.bees,chimpanzees,and fishC.bees,chimpanzees,and lions.D.chimpanzees,lions,and dogsPart2.Questions6-15are based on this part.(10points)You are going to listen to part of a lecture.As you listen,fill in the blanks with words from the lecture to complete the sentences that summarize the main points of the lecture.Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Note:Each blank requires only ONE word.People communicate with one another all the time.Culture is regarded at the__6___of communication challenges and it influences how people__7___problems and participate in groups and in___8___.One definition of culture given in the lecture is that"Culture refers to a group with which we share common experiences that__9___how we understand the world."In the complex world,culture is one of the factors that act upon people.Anthropologists Keven Avruch and Peter Black explained that"culture provides the lens through which we view the world;the__10___by which we order it;the_11___by which the world makes sense."Since people coming from different cultural groups need to work together,cultural values sometimes__12___and misunderstanding arises.The speaker mentioned six patterns of cultural differences which include:different communication styles,attitudes toward conflict,approaches to___13____tasks,decision making styles,attitudes toward__14___,and approaches to knowing.When talking about communication style,the speaker introduced two aspects:verbal and non-verbal communication.Non-verbal communication includes facial expressions,__15___, seating arrangements,personal distance,and sense of time.This is the end of the Listening Test.Section II Communicative Competence[30points]Questions16-30:Choose the best answer from A,B,C and D.Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.16.Which of the following statements is TRUE of collectivism?__________A.Collectivist cultures are described as"I"cultures.B.Members of collectivist cultures value open discussion of disagreement.C.Uniformity and conformity are stressed in collectivist cultures.D.Collectivists tend to draw attention to themselves and express unique opinions.17.Just now I suddenly realized that I was totally to blame.I'll just have to face the music.The underlined part here means__________.A.to go to a concert and forget anything else by enjoying the musicB.to relax oneself by listening to the music aloneC.to accept responsibility for a mistakeD.to go to see the person who is in charge and ask what has gone wrong18.Which of the following statements is NOT true?__________A.Individualism can be traced to the philosophy of liberalism.B.The basic social unit in collectivist cultures is the autonomous self.C.Eastern collectivism is tied to Confucianism.D.Culture shock may occur at the individualist-collectivist divide,but the gap can be bridged.19.Bob is great!He always plays the game.The underlined part has the same meaning as __________.A.takes something as a game without caring too muchB.plays various gamesC.helps others when playing gamesD.behaves in a fair and honorable way20.Which of the following first names is shortened as"Bob"?__________A.RobertB.WilliamC.AlexanderD.Peter21.Which of the following statements is TRUE of the roots of English names?__________A."Forester"came from personal characteristics.B."Young"came from occupations.C."O'Patrick"came from family relationships.D."Butler"came from places.22.If you received an English invitation to a formal western banquet but could not attend it,what would be an appropriate action?__________A.Ask a friend to attend the banquet for you.B.Ask a colleague to phone a refusal.C.Accept the invitation but then not attend.D.Write a reply informing the host/hostess that you could not attend the banquet.23.Your American colleague has just had her hair dyed green.She is expecting your comment. What would you say appropriately?__________A."Your hair is as green as tree leaves."B."It looks good."C."It's too green.I don't like the color."D."It looks much better."24.Your classmate from Britain would like to borrow your computer this weekend.Unfortunately, you need to use it at the same time.How would you refuse the request politely?__________A."Well,why don't you borrow one from someone else?"B."Sorry,I cannot lend it to you."C."Yes,but you need to give it back to me as soon as possible."D."I'd love to,but I'm afraid I've got a lot of things to type up as well."25.Trying to explain rock music to your grandfather is just like dui niu tan qin(对牛弹琴)-playing violin to a bull.The corresponding English expression is__________.A.casting pearls before swineB.casting diamonds to a dogC.throwing pearls to a pigD.throwing diamonds to a goat26.Which of the following statements is TRUE of non-verbal communication?__________A.Non-verbal communication serves a variety of purposes.B.Non-verbal communication is less important than verbal communication.C.Since non-verbal communication is hard to interpret,it is important to reduce it to the minimum in cross-cultural communication.D.Non-verbal communication is not effective without verbal communication.27.The idiom"by the skin of one's teeth"means__________.A.very thinB.hard and flexibleC.only justD.one's sense of right and wrong28.What does the ring gesture(you form an"O"by holding the tip of your forefinger to the tip of your thumb)mean in Britain?__________A.Something is expensive.B.Something is good.C.Something is worthless.D.I will kill you.29.Which of the following statements is NOT true?__________A.Proxemics is the study governing how closely one person stands to another.B.All cultures draw lines between appropriate and inappropriate social distance for different relationships.C.Social distance has a wider range than public distance.D.The appropriateness of physical contact varies between cultures.30.If someone is said to be"economical with the truth",he/she__________A.has saved a lot of moneyB.does not tell the whole truthes very few wordsD.has recently diedSection III Reading Comprehension[30points]Part1.Questions31-35are based on Passage1.(10points)Passage1A handshake will be an acceptable greeting around the world.However,the strength,length,and duration of a handshake will vary by culture.Of course,Japanese will still bow to each other and it is advisable for foreign visitors to bow slightly when shaking hands.Mexicans who know each other will hug and East Europeans may kiss.In many European countries it is common to shake hands with everyone in the room before and after each business meeting.Business card exchanges are an important part of any international business meeting.Variations include where to keep your cards,which languages the card should be in,and what to do with the business card once you have received it.One rule to follow:Always bring five times more cards than you think you will need.To explore the nuances of business card exchange,we will examine the exchange as carried out by an American in Japan.First,the cards should be in English on one side and Japanese on the other.The Japanese side should have a logo or other marker.It is important that the company and title be prominently positioned.The cards should be kept in a card holder in the vest or jacket.Never keep the cards in a wallet or a pocketbook.The presentation of the card is done at the beginning of the meeting. Cards are presented with the giver's name(Japanese side)facing the recipient.The card can be delivered by one or preferably two hands accompanied by a slight bow.On receipt of a card,it should be studied carefully to determine the status of the person.Since meetings usually involve more than one person,each card received should be placed on the table,like an open deck of cards, in front of the recipient so that the executive can tell who he or she is speaking with.The recipient should avoid shuffling the cards,placing them in one's wallet,or writing on them in the presence of the giver.The business card is the symbolic embodiment of the organization;therefore it should be treated with the utmost respect.As a general rule,use people's titles on international business assignments.Learn the appropriate titles for each country.People with Ph.D.s should always be referred to as'Doctor'.In many countries,people will be referred to by their titles only.For example,"Chief Engineer,can you tell us how this operation works?"The use of first names in business also varies by country and age. Be alert to these differences.Questions31-35:Decide whether the following statements are true,false,or not mentioned according to the passage.Write T for"true",F for"false",and NM for"not mentioned"on the Answer Sheet._______31.Generally speaking,in Europe you should shake hands with everybody at the beginning and the end of a meeting._______32.You should always take at least five more business cards than you expect to need on your business trips._______33.In Japan,the person's status should be clearly given on the card._______34.It is acceptable for an American to note something down on a Japanese business card to remind him of the person who gave it to him._______35.The Japanese business card is more than just a reminder of who the person is.It also represents the company he works for.Part2.Questions36-40are based on Passage2.(10points)Passage2In an effort to get over culture shock,there is value in knowing something about the nature of culture and its relationship to the individual.In addition to living in a physical environment,an individual lives in a cultural environment consisting of manmade physical objects,social institutions,ideas and beliefs.An individual is not born with culture but only with the capacity to learn it and use it.There is nothing in a newborn child which dictates that it should eventually speak Portuguese,English,or French,nor that it should eat with a fork in its left hand rather than in the right,or use chopsticks. All these things the child has to learn.Nor are the parents responsible for the culture which they transmit to their young.The culture of any people is the product of history and is built up over time largely through processes which are,as far as the individual is concerned,beyond his/her awareness.It is by means of culture that the young learn to adapt themselves to the physical environment and to the people with whom they associate.As we know,children and adolescents often experience difficulties in this process of learning and adjustment.But once learned,culture becomes a way of life,the sure,familiar,largely automatic way of getting what you want from your environment and as such it also becomes a value. People have a way of accepting their culture as both the best and the only way of doing things. This is perfectly normal and understandable.To this attitude we give the name ethnocentrism,a belief that not only the culture but the race and nation form the center of the world.Individuals identify themselves with their own group and its ways to the extent that any critical comment is taken as an affront to the individual as well as to the group.If you criticize my country, you are criticizing me.If you criticize me,you are criticizing my country.Along with this attitude goes the tendency to attribute all individual peculiarities as national characteristics.For instance,if an American does something odd or antisocial in a foreign country which back home would be considered a purely individual act,it is now considered a national trait.Instead of being censured as an individual,his country is censured.It is best to recognize that ethnocentrism is a characteristic of national groups.If a person criticizes some aspect of one's own culture,one should listen but not enter into criticisms.Questions36-40:Choose the best answer from A,B,C and D.Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.36.According to the passage,which of the following choices is NOT mentioned as an element in acultural environment?A.social institutionsB.beliefsC.historyD.physical objects37.What is the writer's stand about culture?A.Parents are responsible for transmitting culture to their children.B.Children are born with culture.C.Culture needs to be taught to young people.D.Culture builds up over time and guides young people to adjust to environment.38.According to the passage,what is NOT suggested by the writer as a symptom of ethnocentrism?A.Regarding cultures containing similar values as the best cultures.B.Regarding home culture is superior to other cultures.C.Identifying oneself with the group one comes from.D.Assuming other cultures do things likewise.39.What is the writer's attitude towards ethnocentrism in the article?A.positiveB.negativeC.neutralD.indifferent40.What does the word"censure"mean in the article?A.praiseB.criticizeC.evaluateD.judgePart3.Questions41-45are based on Passage3.(10points)Passage3The Chinese make a clear distinction between insiders and outsiders,and this distinction exists on all levels of interpersonal interaction.Insiders consist of people from two categories:automatic and selected.Automatic insiders include one's parents,siblings,relatives,colleagues,and classmates,whereas selected ones are special relations that one has developed over time at work or elsewhere.For example,a person is considered an insider at work after he or she has developed a special relationship by helping others and sharing information with others.The five common criteria of an insider are nice,trustworthy,caring,helpful,and empathetic.The distinction between an insider and an outsider provides specific rules of interaction in Chinese interpersonal relationships.Insiders often are treated differently from outsiders,and a person with insider status often enjoys privileges and special treatment beyond an outsider's comprehension. To illustrate,a Chinese person may go beyond his or her means to help an insider,but an outsider has to follow the rules.The insider-outsider distinction also involves moral implications.In the Chinese culture,moral judgments are not only cognitively but affectively based.Moral stands tend to vary from one relationship to another.Family-centered"insider"relationships have two important implications for relationshipdevelopment with strangers.First,as King and Bond argue,the importance of family and the sense of dependency built up in the Chinese family system make it difficult to develop personal relationships with strangers.In the Chinese culture,the transformation from a wai ren(outsider)to a zi ji ren(insider)involves an arduous and time-consuming process,because personal relationships often take a long time to develop.After relationships have been established,however, they tend to stay very solid.As a result,in order to overcome the inherent difficulty in relationship development,intermediaries are widely used for social relationship construction.Second,the Chinese and other collectivistic cultures tend to be particularistic in their utilization of value standards toward in-groups and out-groups.This particularistic principle of interpersonal relationships hinders interactions with outsiders because value standards applied to in-groups may not be readily adapted to out-groups,and most Chinese don't feel knowledgeable about dealing with outsiders.Questions41-45:Answer the following questions briefly.Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.41.According to the author,what are the five common criteria of an insider?42.How do automatic insiders differ from selected ones?43.What example does the author give to show that insiders are treated differently from outsiders?44.According to the author,what makes it difficult for a Chinese person to develop a personal relationship with a stranger?45.What might be an appropriate title for this passage?Section IV Communication Analysis[20points]The following are two cases of cross-cultural communication.In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon.Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding.Your analysis should be about100words for each case. You may organize your analysis in accordance with the following procedure:why did the people involved behave so from the cultural perspective?What behaviors caused the misunderstanding in the case?What corrective behaviors do you suggest to each party in the case?Note:Your writing ability will be assessed.Case1(10points)Li Hong is a new teacher in a middle school.One day,one of her Chinese colleague Yang Zhen introduces her to their middle-aged foreign teacher Maggy.Yang:Li Hong,this is Maggy,our English teacher from America.And Maggy,this is Li Hong,our new colleague.Li and Maggy:How do you do?Maggy:Your sweater is so smart.Li:Oh,it is only an old one,I bought it last year.Maggy:You are so young and smart,I am sure you are a good teacher.Li:No,no.I am just a newcomer,I should learn from you old teachers.Maggy looks surprised and thinks,"I am really so old?"Question46:Why did Li and Maggy behave so from the cultural perspective?What behaviors caused the misunderstanding in the case?What corrective behaviors do you suggest to Li and Maggy to avoid miscommunication?Case2(10points)Li has returned to China after a year in the States.He marries his childhood sweetheart,who has never traveled and speaks very little English.Li's best friend in the States,Bob,comes to visit China for the first time and is introduced to Wang Lan,the new wife of his best friend."Gee,it's great to meet you",says Bob,"Li talked about you all the time back in Houston!",and kisses Wang Lan heartily on both cheeks.Wang Lan is shocked.Question47:Why did Bob and Wang Lan behave so from the cultural perspective?What behaviors caused the misunderstanding in the case?What corrective behaviors do you suggest to Bob and Wang Lan to avoid miscommunication?《跨文化交际》考试参考答案Section I Listening Test[20points]Part1.(10points,2points each.)1.B2.A3.D4.A5.CPart2.(10points,1point each.0.5point off for each misspelling.)6.root7.approachmunities9.shape10.logic11.grammar12.conflictpleting14.disclosure15.gesturesSection II Communicative Competence[30points](30points,2points each.)16.C17.C18.B19.D20.A21.C22.D23.B24.D25.A26.A27.C28.B29.C30.BSection III Reading Comprehension[30points]Part1.(10points.Award2points to each correct answer.)31.T32.F33.NM34.F35.TPart2.(10points.Award2points to each correct answer.)36.C37.D38.A39.C40.BPart3.(10points)Award2points to each correct answer.41.The five common criteria of an insider are nice,trustworthy,caring,helpful,and empathetic.42.Automatic insiders include one's parents,siblings,relatives,colleagues,and classmates, whereas selected ones are special relations that one has developed over time at work or elsewhere.43.A Chinese person may go beyond his or her means to help an insider,but an outsider has to follow the rules.44.The importance of family and the sense of dependency built up in the Chinese family system (or value standards applied to in-groups may not be readily adapted to out-groups).45.In-Groups and Out-Groups in China;Interpersonal Relations in China;Relating Foreigners in China,etc.Section IV Communication Analysis[30points]The sample answers given in this part are more detailed than required in order to lead you through the three steps.In the examination,the students'analysis for each case should be about100words. Question46.Case1(10points,1point for overall language quality.)1.Li Hong comes from a collectivist culture which emphasizes deference paid to people older than self and modesty displayed on the part of the young.Maggy comes from an individualistic culture which values assertiveness and free expression of feelings.(2points)2.As a young and new teacher,Li Hong showed her respect to Maggy with a formal greeting. When Maggy complimented Li on her sweater and herself,Li reacted in a typical Chinese way by overusing modesty in front of a teacher older than her.She displayed her humbleness by saying that her sweater was an old one and she should learn from Maggy,an old teacher.Li's responses are perfect between Chinese people but terrible in cross-cultural situations like this.She did not realize that her expression of respect could be translated into offence since individualistic cultures do not associate as much deference with age as collectivistic cultures do.Therefore,Maggy, coming from an individualistic culture,was surprised when Li called her"old teacher".Maggy did not understand that the word"old"here meant as a compliment,meaning that she had richer teaching experience.Both Li Hong and Maggy communicated only from their cultural perspectives and thus caused miscommunication.(3points)3.To avoid miscommunication,Li Hong and Maggy should learn more about each other's culture and adjust their behaviors accordingly.When Maggy complimented Li on her sweater and herself, Li could simply reply"thank you".She could use her non-verbal language to show her respect to Maggy,for instance,with a smile,a handshake,etc.(2points)As to Maggy,she could use fewer complimentary words or more objective questions to reduce Li's nervousness.She should also understand that one of the key values in collectivism is deference paid to experience and old age. (2points)Question47.Case2(10points,1point for overall language quality.)1.Bob comes from an individualistic culture which features close body contact among personal relationships.Wang Lan comes from a collectivistic culture which does not feature open display of personal feelings through body contact.(2points)2.In the case,Bob treated Wang Lan as a close friend and greeted her in a typical western way with hearty kisses on her cheeks to display the close friendship.However,with little knowledge of western greeting etiquette,Wang Lan was shocked since Bob's"rude"behavior was not in line with the Chinese ways of expressing close friendship.In Chinese culture,a hearty handshake will serve the purpose.It is the contrast of Bob's open expression of closeness through close body contact and Wang Lan's indirectness in expressing her feelings that caused miscommunication.(3 points)3.To avoid miscommunication,Bob and Wang Lan need to learn more about each other's culture and adjust their behaviors accordingly.Bob should ask Wang Lan if he could kiss her to express his friendship or he could shake hands with Wang Lan instead.(2points)Wang Lan needs to understand that the kisses were well meant and does not have to feel embarrassed or shocked.She could act more actively by extending her hand out first for a handshake rather than behave passively.(2points)。
《跨文化交际》试题(附答案)
《跨文化交际》试题（附答案）Paper 1 Communication AnalysisThe following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding.Question 1Case 1:Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist, Luke Baines, who has no knowledge of Chinese at all. They are having dinner in a restaurant.Chen: This is Beijing duck, one of China's most famous dishes. You'll love it!Luke: No, thanks. I don't like duck. I prefer chicken.Question 2Case 2:Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at a British university for some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situation in the laboratory.Feng Li: I don't know where it went wrong!Tom, Don't feel so bad. Cheer up, you've done your job.Feng Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure.Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I'll face the music.Feng Li: Tom, we are not playing children's games here. This is a scientific experiment.Tom, I've never taken the experiment as child’ s play, and I'm playing the game.Feng Li: You say you're playing the game! It's a rather important experiment!Feng Li walks out of the Laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.Question 3Case 3:This is a more complex situation where there are several things that require more informed cultural analysis. Find the cultural problems and explain the cultural differences. Jim and Li Zhen were students together at Leeds University in Britain. A year later, after graduating, Jim went to Shanghai as a visiting scholar on a year’s exchange.Jim had never been to China before. Li Zhen took him to a classical pianoconcert performed by a famous Chinese pianist. During the performance people were talking and at one stage someone ran up onto the stage and presented the pianist with a bunch of flowers during the playing of a particular musical item. This happened several times during the evening. It also happened when two singers were on stage singing some songs that he was playing. Jim thought all these things quite strange. At the end of the performance the audience applauded the pianist and he applauded them. The audience began to leave while the pianist remained on the stage.Paper 2 VocabularyChoose one word or expression from those in the box below to fill the gap in each of the sentences. Write the correct words in the spaces provided in your answer sheet. Do not change the forms of the4. After twenty five years working in the bank she decided on a different .5. Finally, after arguing about the meal for five minutes it was decided he would .6. Despite the circumstances of the accident there were still some that needed explanation.7. There are many different used when talking about people's relationships in China.8. "Mike! Meet Jane, the ."9. "Ok, the argument is over. Let's forget it, you know."10. People in English speaking countries also avoid losing face or hurting other people by telling .11. It is difficult for foreigners to understand British pub culture, especially the system of which all members of the group are expected to join in.12. It was a crushing blow to her, a hit when she received the news that her husband had left her for another woman.13. In China there is a real sense of in social situations. Paper 3 TranslationTranslate the following passage from English into Chinese. Please write your translation on the answer sheet.What do we mean by "Intercultural Communications" or "IC"? This is not a description of the popular trend toward talking about international things or going overseas. IC is actually an academic and applied discipline that has developed internationally since the 1950s. Sometimes called "cross-cultural communications" or "comparative culture" , scholars most often use the prefix "inter" with the word "cultural" to describe the interaction between cultures. On one level, IC is represented by culture studies, where we examine the political, economic and lifestyle systems of other countries. On another level, it is applied linguistics, where we seek to understand the relationship between language and culture. Many Chinese English teachers and professors have been interested in this aspect since the 1980s - How to teach English in ways that help students also learn the basic communication practices of Britain, the US or other English speaking countries.But the discipline of Intercultural Communications is actually a broad and well-developed field of study. IC is an interdisciplinary application of fields like cultural anthropology, sociology, psychology (and social psychology), communication studies, applied linguistics and educational pedagogy. IC is a comprehensive attempt to understand all aspects of human cultures and how they interact with each other.To understand Intercultural Communications, we seek to understand tradition and modernization, consistency and change. As we understand some of the ongoing national characteristics of a people, we can examine how this culture is seen from the outside, how it interacts with other cultures and how it is changing. In the last thirty odd years, scholars have developed both theoretical framework for comparing cultures and some practical dimensions for considering the similarity and differences between them. One level of intercultural comparison is Cultural Identity. Another level of comparison is Verbal Communication. Another area receiving much attention is Nonverbal Communication. Paper 4 ReadingPassage 1 Questions 15-20In recent years criticisms have been voiced concerning sexist bias in the English language. It has been argued that some of the vocabulary and grammar we use reflects and reinforces a traditional view of the world as one in which men are dominant and women play a secondary role. Takethe word 'chairman' for example. While this can in fact apply to people of both sexes, it appears to some people to be male-oriented as it ends in 'man'. In the past people taking the role of chairman were exclusively male and the word was obviously originally a compound of 'chair' and 'man'. Many English speakers, however, have ceased to view this word as a compound and no more feel it to be composed of these two units, than they perceive cupboard to be a composite of ' cup' and ' board'. In addition the continued use of chairman might be defended on the grounds that the final syllable is pronounced /m'n/ rather than /mn/, just like the final syllable of woman. Despite such considerations other speakers take a contrary view and are sensitive to the components of which it is made up. They clearly perceive it as a title that perpetuates traditional ideas about the place of women in society. For this reason they seek to replace it with neutral terms such as 'chairperson' or 'chair', so that it is now possible to ask questions such as; 'Who is chair of the committee?' Other changes advocated include the replacement of words such as 'postman', 'fireman' and 'policeman' with more clearly neutral terms such as 'postal worker', fire-fighter' and 'police officer’. There is, however, continuing controversy about how far such language changes should go. Should changes be considered for traditional idioms as 'man in the street' and titles such as 'Peking Man'? What about those words where the male meaning of 'man' is no longer dominant, such as 'manhandle'?To the extent that changes have taken place, they have done so more in the written language and formal pronouncements than in everyday speech. You would be quite likely to read in the paper that 'Postal workers are to receive a pay increase.' But 'Has the postman been?' would be most likely to be heard in informal conversation. Here 'postma n’ remains firmly entrenched in popular usage.The extent to which language reflects and shapes attitudes and behaviors is a matter of conjecture. Chinese, Japanese, Persian and Turkish do not make the kinds of sex distinctions English makes through its system of pronouns, but it would be difficult to maintain that males who speak these languages are less sexist than males who speak English! Answer the following questions according to the above text:15. The general use of the word 'man' added to English words indicates .A. sexual feelingsB. sexual freedomC. sexist ideasD. sexist bias .16. Generally where language and sex are concerned in Britain .A. all people agree change is neededB. some people agree change is neededC. people can't make up their minds on the issueD. people think the issue is unimportant and not serious17. What example does the author give to support a defense of the word 'chairman'?18. What does the author argue for when the example 'manhandle' is given?19. What does the author have to say about the impact of language changes?20. What is the author's argument in the final paragraph?Passage 2 Questions 21-27Can Computers Do a Better Job Rating Stocks?Since May, Charles Schwab has been providing stock ratings to clients using a computerized system that it says tries to remove human bias.In particular, Schwab says, its system is meant to avoid the conflicts of interest that have plagued traditional brokerage firms, whose research analysts have often acted as cheerleaders for companies being courted by their investment bankers."We believe that our single biggest advantage is our objectivity," said Jerry Chafkin, Schwab's executive vice president for investment advice and products. " While the development of the methodology is human, the analysis is being performed systematically and automatically.Though Schwab is perhaps the most prominent financial services company to use a computer-driven rating system, several others, including Value Line and Zacks Investment Research, pick stocks in a similar way.The various systems produce very different ratings of individual stocks, and their ability to outperform a market index fund over time has not been proved conclusively. The verdict is still out as to whether computers do it better than people. What is clear, though, is that the major computerized systems hand out fewer positive stock ratings than do Wall Street analysts, who seem to give them out very generously.People who run computerized selection systems criticize traditional Wall Street analysis as having institutional conflicts of interest, as well as individual bias. "I am very suspicious about opinions and judgments and emotions by humans in individual stock selection," said Samuel Eisenstadt, Value Line's research director.However, the computer-driven stock-picking systems must rely on the selection criteria of their creators. All try to isolate factors that their developers believe have the greatest ability to predict share prices. Most models compare a company9s historical earnings growth with that of other companies. And many track the extent to which earnings have surprised analysts.Many firms use their computer-based stock-rating systems as marketing tools.The designers of these systems say they should be judged on how a group of stocks performs over time. But all the systems assume, as do stock analysts on Wall Street, that superior research, by humans, and analysis can select a group of stocks that will outperform the market averages over the long run.Market analysts say it is too soon to assess the fledgling Schwab system or new models, like Microsoft's year-old Stock-ScouterMark the following statements True (T) / False (F) / Not Given (NG) according to the information provided in the text.Write T, or F or NG on your answer sheet in the spaces provided for questions.21. Charles Schwab is a computer company.22. The method of operation by Schwab is done automatically.23. 'Value Line' and 'Zacks' have similar operating methods to Schwab.24. There is no conclusive proof that computers perform better than humans.25. Wall Street analysts are generous in rating stocks.26. Human beings make value judgments according to the research director of 'Value Line'.27. Analysts are surprised at the growth rate of share prices.答案及评分标准Paper 1: Communication Analysis●The following points should be covered in the analysis.●Award one point for each of the points covered (underlined). Paper 2: Vocabulary●One point for each item.●Answers must be the same as the key.4. vocation5. foot the bill6. grey areas7. kin terms8. trouble and strife 9. live and let live10. white lies 11. buying a round12. below the belt 13. communityPaper 3: Translation14.“跨文化交际”或“IC”是指什么呢?这并不是对于谈论国际事务或出国大潮的描述。
《跨文化交际》试卷及答案
《跨文化交际》试卷Section I: Language Appropriacy and Accuracy [45 points] Instructions: There are altogether 15 statements or questions below. You are offered four choices marked with A, B, C and D for each statement or question. Choose the most appropriate one and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1. Bob, I need your help. The whole thing seems to be freaking out. Whatever I do, it is getting worse.A. funnyB. decliningC. losing controlD. happening2. What did you do to increase profit and eliminate losses? We haven’t been in the black for two months in a row.A. lack of moneyB. in the dark nightC. needing moneyD. gaining money3. I’ll have to start earlier the next time. This time I only finished by the skin of my teeth.A. finished it unsuccessfullyB. finished with my mouth shutC. barely succeeded in finishing itD. rarely shut my mouth when finishing it4. I don’t think you can depend on Jack to do that job by himself. He is too green.A: shy B. inexperienced. C. timid D. naive5. --Wow! Carl has done some really amazing things!--Don’t believe everything he tells you. He was probably pulling your leg.A. teasing youB. cheering you upC. ridiculing youD. dragging your leg6. Below are some topics. Three of them should be avoided in the cultural communication. Which one is the right expectation?A. Are you Christian?B. How much did you pay for the dress?C. Do you have a brother or a sister?D. Nice to see you again, you’re fatter.7. Which one in the following expressions is Not True?A. as meek as a lambB. as foolish as a donkeyC. as wise as an owlD. as strong as a cow8. We know that the dog is regarded as man’s best friend in the West, but sometimes dogs also have negative associations, such as ‘ _______ “A. A top dogB. Get the dogC. He worked like a dogD. Lead a dog’s lite9. I do think her presentation is wonderful. I simply can’t _____ the flaw in her argument.A. lay a finger onB. keep my hand inC. put my finger onD. hold my hand in10. Which of the following groups are family names?A. Thomas, Richard, RobertsonB. William, Smith, ClarkC. Taylor, Anthony, WatkinsD. George, Edwards, Jackson11. In a Western meal, you’re offered a ‘second helping, but you have already had enough. What would you say?A. No, thanks, I don’t like it.B. No, I don’t want any.C. No, I’m terribly full.D. That is delicious, but I’ve already had plenty, thanks.12. Which one in the following expressions is Not True?A. The Gang of FourB. A flock of cootsC. A school of birdsD. A pack of wolves13. Which one in the following expressions is Not True ?.A. as slippery as an eelB. as majestic as a tigerC. as stubborn as a muleD. as stupid as a goose14. Which idiom or saying below shows people’s positive attitude towards dogs?A. A jolly dog.B. He worked like a dog.C. Lead a dog’s life.D. Treat someone like a dog.15. Which of the following statements is Not True?A. Female names tend to be longer with more syllables.B. Female names tend to have higher percentage of names with stress on a syllable other than the first.C. Male names tend to make more use of /i/ sound, such as Steve, Peter, and Keith.D. Female names more likely end with vowel sound, while male names with a plosive sound.Section II: Reading Comprehension [25ints]Part 1: Questions16-20 are based on this part. (15 points)Read Passage 1 and then answer Questions 16-20 briefly. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1In Australian families the central relationship is usually that between husband and wife, with children being thought of as independent individuals from an early age. The central relationship around which Chinese families revolve is quite different. Here the stress is placed on the relationship between parents and children. Couples with children view the roles of mother acid father as coming before those of husband and wife. It is the parents, usually the father, who make all important decisions for children. It is the father, for example, who will usually make decisions concerning what and where the children should study. This is in marked contrast to Australian families where children play an increasingly important role in deciding such matters as they grow older. This independence is also shown in the Australian custom of children leaving home to live independently of their parents long before marriage. There are few if any opportunities for young people to set up independently in this fashion in China. Indeed, the Australian practice in this regard can seem from a Chinese perspective to indicate that Australians do not care about their families.Australian children are more likely to be expected to work while they are studying than their Chinese counterparts. This can also apply to household chores, with Chinese parents expecting their offspring to devote their time to their studies. Children may be excused such duties right up to marriage, so that married life can sometimes come as a rude awakening to the need to cook and clean. Whereas in Australia students may work during the holidays or part-time during term, such activity is rare in China. The situation has changed somewhat since the end of the 1980s, with some students taking work as tutors or providing various services such as dressmaking. But the initial public reaction was one of shock. It is, then, still viewed as primarily the parents’ responsibility to support their children while they are pursuing their education. Money spent in this way is under no circumstances regarded as a loan, to be repaid when the children finish their education and have secured a job. University students in Australia also receive financial assistance from their parents and there is in some families an understanding that this will be repaid once they are financially independent. To many Chinese this may smack of lack of love and family feeling.The Australian emphasis on fostering independence in children from an early age runs counter to the Chinese view. Chinese children are not expected to be autonomous of their families to the same extent, with dependence on parents up to the time they are married. The protection and care of their children is the duty of parents. Chinese parents would look upon the failure to fulfill this duty as violating the most basic of parental responsibility. Dependence is the inevitable corollary and not something to shed as soon as possible but the expression of strong family bonds of affection.16. What’s the primary relationship in an Australian family and in a Chinese family?17. What role do children play in an Australian family?18. Why don’t Chinese children do household chores at home?19. What are Australian children expected to do during their school years?20. What’s the main idea of the passage?Part 2: Questions 21--25 are based on this part. (10points)Read Passage 2 and then decide whether Statements 21- 25 are True or False according to the information given in the passage. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false on the Answer Sheet.Passage 2The English CharacterNo Englishman believes in working from book learning. He suspects all theories, philosophical or other. He suspects everything new, and dislikes it, unless he can be compelled by the force of circumstances to see that this new thing has advantages over the old. Race-experience is what he invariably depends upon, whenever he can, whether in India, in Egypt, or in Australia. His statesmen do not consult historical precedents in order to decide what to do: they first learn the facts as they are; then they depend upon their own common sense, not at all upon their university learning or upon philosophical theories. And in the case of the English nation, it must be acknowledged that this instinctive method has been eminently successful. The last people from whom praise can be expected, even for what is worthy of all praise, are the English. A new friendship, a new ideal, a reform, a noble action, a wonderful poem, an exquisite painting -- any of these things will be admired and praised by every other people in Europe long before you can get Englishmen to praise. The Englishman all this time is studying, considering, trying to find fault. Why should he try to find fault? So that he will not make any mistakes at a later day. He has inherited the terrible caution of his ancestors in regard to mistakes. It must be granted that his caution has saved him from a number of very serious mistakes that other nations have made. It must also be acknowledged that he exercises a fair amount of moderation in the opposite direction -- his modern Englishman; he has learned caution of another kind, which his ancestors taught him. ‘Power should be used with moderation; for whoever finds himself among valiant men will discover that no man is peerless.’ And this is a very important thing for the strong man to know -- that however strong, he cannot be the strongest; his match will be found when occasion demands it. Not only Scandinavian but English rulers have often discovered this fact to their cost.The judgment of the Englishman by all other. European peoples is that heis most suspicious, the most reserved, the most unreceptive, the most unfriendly, the coldest- hearted, and the most domineering of all western peoples. Ask a Frenchman, an Italian, a German, a Spaniard, even an American, what he thinks about Englishmen; and every one of them will tell you the very same thing. This is precisely what the character of men would become who had lived for thousands of years in the conditions of northern society. But you would find upon the other hand that nearly all nations would speak highlyof certain other English qualities- energy, courage, honor, justice (between themselves). They would say that although no man is so difficult to make friends with, the friendship of an Englishman once gained is more strong and true than any other. And as the battle of life continues, and must continue for thousands of years to come, it must be acknowledged that the English character is especially well fitted for the struggle. Its reserves, its cautions, its doubts, its suspicions, its brutality -- these have been forit in the past, and are still in the present, the best social amour and panoplyof war. It is not a lovable nor an amiable character; it is not even kindly. The Englishman of the best type is much more inclined to be just than he isto be kind, for kindness is an emotional impulse, and the Englishman is on his guard against every kind of emotional impulse. But with all this, the character is a grand one, and its success has been the best proof of its value.21. The Englishmen are willing to see the advantages of new things.22. The Englishmen would rather depend on their race experience than university learning or philosophical theories.23. It is less likely to get praise from an American than from an Englishman.24. Being quite cautious, the Englishman has avoided making a lot of mistakes that other nations have made.25. Emotional impulse is one of the English characters.Section Ⅲ: Communication Analysis [30 points]Instructions; The following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communicationor cultural understanding in each case by answering Questions 26-28 respectively. Your analysis of each case should be about 100 -- 150 words. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Note:! Your writing ability will also be assessed in this section of the test. Case 1 (7 points)Li Gang is a new Chinese student in an American university. He is very glad that one of his classmates, Peter, invites him to see a film one day. Li Gang goes to the cinema on time. When he gets there, Peter is waiting for him. Peter says, ‘I have bought mine. You go quickly to buy your ticket.’ Li Gang gets surprised.Question 26. Why does Li Gang get Surprised?Case 2 :(10 points)Mrs. Chen has just moved to America. Her husband is a guest professor there. She finds that a car is very necessary in America, so she decides to buy one. After she has chosen a suitable car, she takes out the cash to pay. The salesman is very glad and surprised, ‘Great. You pay in cash. ‘Mrs. Chen gets confused.Question 27: Why does Mrs. Chen get confused?Case 3 (13 points)Sarah and Daniel are a young American couple who are teaching English at Zhejiang University. They are leaning Chinese and enjoy their new lives. They have been eager to get to know Chinese people better so were pleased when Chen’ Li, their new Chinese colleague invited them to her h ome for? dinner at one weekend:When Sarah and Dahiel arrived, Chen Li introduced them to her hus- band Wang Bing, asked them to sit down at a table containing 8 plates of various cold dishes served them tea and then disappeared with her husband into the kitchen. Sarah offered to help in the kitchen but Chen Li said she didn’t need any help.A half-hour later she came back and sat down and the three began to eat. Wang Bing came in from time to time to put several hot dishes on the table. Most of the food was wonderful and there was much more than Sarah and Daniel could eat. They wanted Wang Bing to sit down so that they could talk to him. Finally he did sit down and ate a bit, but quickly he turned on the TV to show them high tech features. Soon it was time for Sarah and Daniel to go home.Sarah and Daniel felt slightly depressed by this experience, but returned the invitation one month later. They decided to make a nice American meal and felt lucky to find olives, tomato juice, butter and even some cheese in the hotel shop. They put these out as appetizers. For the main course they prepared spaghetti and a salad with dressing made from oil, vinegar, and some spices they found in the market.When Chen Li and Wang Bing arrived they were impressed by the apartment and the decorations, and asked about the price of the furniture, paintings, the carpet and other things. Sarah politely refused to answer their questions. They took small tastes of the appetizers and ate only a little spaghetti and didn’t finish the salad on their plates. Sarah urged them to eat more but they refused. Sarah and Daniel talked about their families and asked the Chinese couple about theirs. After a while, Daniel cleared the table and served coffee and pastries. The Chinese couple didn’t drink nor eat too much. After they left, Sarah and Daniel felt puzzled, because their Chinese guests didn’t eat too much, while they themselves left Chen Li’s home so full. Question 28How does Chinese understanding of the host-guest relationship influence Chen Li and WangBing’s way of enterta ining Sarah and Daniel? How does Sarah and Daniel’s understanding of the host-guest relationship influence their way of treating Chen Li and Wang Bing? What advice could you give to both couples to help them further their friendship?跨文化交际试题答案及评分标准Section I: Language Appropriacy and Accuracy 1-30 points](45 points, 3 points each. )1. C2. D3. C4. B5. A6. C7. D8. D9. C 10. D11. D 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. CSection Il: Reading Comprehension 25points]Part 1. (15oints, 3points each. 0.5 point off for eachgrammar/spelling mistake, but at most 1 point can be deducted for each item for the grammar/spelling mistakes. The exact wording is not required, but the meaning must be the same. )16. In an Australian family the primary relationship is husband and wife, whereas in a Chinese family the basic relationship is between parents and children.17. Children play an increasingly important role in deciding the matters in the family as they grow older.18. Because Chinese parents expect their children to devote their time to studies.18. During their school years Australian children may work in the holidays and may work part-time during the terms.20. The passage discusses the differences between Chinese and Australian families in child-rearing.Part 2. (10oints, 2points each)21. F 22. T 23. F 24. T 25. FSection Ⅲ’: Communication Analysis [30 points]Question 26.Case 1 (7 points, 5 points for the analysis, 2 points for overall language quality. )1)In China, if somebody invites you to see a film, he will buy the ticket for you.2)In America, invitation is very common. And people are used to paying individually.3)Li Gang hasn’t got used to this yet. He thought that Peter would buy the ticket for him.Question 27.Case 2 (10 points, 8 points for the analysis, 2 points for overall language quality. )1)In China, people are used to paying in cash, especially in daily life.2)Chinese people consume within their consumptive capability.3)The Americans are used to paying in cheque or credit card. And they like consuming in advance. But the merchants prefer to have cash.Question 28.Case 3 (13 points, 11 points for the analysis, 2 points for overall language quality.)Note: The words of the sample answer below are more than the required, for the purpose of providing enough reference.1)In China, it is traditional that hosts entertain guests by offering many courses of dishes to show their hospitality, and the number of courses served usually has the connotation of good luck, e. g.the number ‘8’ sounds like 发, which means getting rieh. It is quite common, especially in cities, that the husband helps a lot in cooking and servlng food. Hosts treat guests, especially distinguished guests, very politely, and guests’ offer 0f help in the kitchen ;is normally Politely refused Besides, TV programs often play an important role in providing entertainment at formal family dinner parties. These Chinese conventions help explain the way Chen Li and Wang Bing en~ertained Sarah and Daniel.2)In the West, hosts’ hospitality is not shown by the qual ity and quantity Of the food, but by offering their own specialty. They hope their guests Would like the food and enjoy their efforts. The hospitality is also shown by the hosts’ accompanying the guests and having a conversatio n with them. So both the host and hostess would’ ac company the guests to have dinner and have a warm talk t0gether. Guests would not ask any private questions, such as the price of the furniture, etc. These Western ‘conventions help explain the way Sarah a nd Daniel treated Chen Li and Wang Bing. Chen Li and Wang Bing followed the Chinese conversation habit, that’ S Why they asked about the prices, and often Chinese guests want to show their cultivation and manners by eating limited amount of food, and this may explain Why Chen Li and Wang Bing ate only a little food.3) It is advisable for both couples to learn the other culture through experience, chatting, observing and reading. On suitable occasions, e.g. at parties, friendly and interesting conversations about their respective cul tures, Such as ways of entertaining guests, normal conversation’ ‘topics and taboos etc, can be an effective way of understanding each other‘ Through such interactions; their friendship will surely be enhanced。
2018年[0859]《跨文化交际》
![2018年[0859]《跨文化交际》](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/4a58ebf376eeaeaad1f330c0.png)
1、WhenonecustomerinquiredaboutMary,mycolleague,whoresignedacoupleofweeksbefore,I,aChineseAmerican,said, Howdidthecustomerunderstandthereply“She’satabetterplacenow”?A.She’slandedabetterjob.B.She’sspendingherholiday.C.She’sdead.D.She’sjobless.1.She’slandedabetterjob.2.She’sspendingherholiday.3.She’sdead.4.She’sjobless.2、2.LiHaoisaninterpreter.Onedayaforeignvisitor,Mr.Brown,talkstohim,saying“YourEnglishisquitefluent.”LiHaoshoA.“Thankyou.It’skindofyoutosayso.”B.“No,notatall.”C.“No,no,myEnglishispoor.”D.“Oh,no.Farfromthat,Istillhavealongwaytogo.”1. C.“No,no,myEnglishispoor.”2.“No,notatall.”3.“Oh,no.Farfromthat,Istillhavealongwaytogo.”4.“Thankyou.It’skindofyoutosayso.”3、“APandora’sbox”referstoapresentorsomething____.A.whichseemsvaluablebutbringsmisfortuneB.whichbringshappinessbutlooksuglyC.whichabridetraditionallygivestoabridegroomD.whichcancreateanythingitsownerwants1. E.whichabridetraditionallygivestoabridegroom2.whichbringshappinessbutlooksugly3.whichcancreateanythingitsownerwants4.whichseemsvaluablebutbringsmisfortune4、AandBareneighbors.Asays,“Mycatknockedovermynewvasethismorning.”Breplies,_________.A.“Whatashame!”B.“Ashame.”C.“Shameonyou.”D.“Shame!”1.“Whatashame!”2.“Ashame.”3.“Shame!”4.“Shameonyou.”5、Whenintroducedtoaseniorprofessorortotheparentsofafriend,whichofthefollowingisappropriate?A.“Hi!Gladtoknowyou.”B.“Hello”andbow.C.“Hello,it’snicetomeetyou,”andthenshakehands.D.“Howareyou?”1.“Hi!Gladtoknowyou.”2.“Hello,it’snicetomeetyou,”andthenshakehands.3.“Hello”andbow.4.“Howareyou?”6、“Chink”and“洋鬼子”areclearcasesof____.A.swearwordsB.racistlanguageC.termsofhumilityD.verbaltaboos1. A.swearwords2. D.racistlanguage3.termsofhumility4.verbaltaboos7、Therelationshipbetweenlanguageandcultureisthat____.nguagedeterminescultureB.culturedetermineslanguagenguageandcultureinteractnguageandcultureareparallelnguagedeterminesculturenguageandcultureareparallelnguageandcultureinteract4.culturedetermineslanguage8、Whichtopicismoreappropriatetodiscussimmediatelyafteranintroduction?A.Politics.B.Religion.C.Maritalstatus.D.Weather.1.Religion2.Weather3.Policitcs4.Maritalstatus9、InAmerica,yougointoadepartmentstorebutyoujustwanttolookwithoutanyintentionofbuyinganything.AsalespersonA.Say,“Thanks,butI’mjustbrowsing.”B.Sayyesandaskforhelpsoyouwon’toffendthesalesperson.C.Sayno.D.Smileandshakeyourhead.1.Sayno.2.Smileandshakeyourhead.3.Sayyesandaskforhelpsoyouwon’toffendthesalesperson.4.Say,“Thanks,butI’mjustbrowsing.”10、InEngland,Australia,NewZealand,etc.thefirstweekdayafterChristmasis____.A.BoxingDayB.ThanksgivingDayC.EasterD.St.Valentine’sDay1.St.Valentine’sDay2.BoxingDay3.Easter4.ThanksgivingDay11、Theeuphemismforaslowstudentsis____.A.alazystudentB.astudentwhoisworkingathisownlevelC.astudentwhodependsonotherstodohisworkD.abadstudent1.astudentwhoisworkingathisownlevel2.abadstudent3.astudentwhodependsonotherstodohiswork4.alazystudent12、Youhavespentanafternoonwithyourforeignteacher,Mr.Good.AsyouleaveMr.Goodsays,“DodroparoundandvisitussA.“Yes,ofcourse,ifIamfree.”B.“Iwillcomeanytime,ifyoulike.”C.“Thankyou.Iwillcomeat7p.m.onMonday.”D.“Thankyou,Iwill.”1. B.“Iwillcomeanytime,ifyoulike.”2.“Yes,ofcourse,ifIamfree.”3.“Thankyou,Iwill.”4.“Thankyou.Iwillcomeat7p.m.onMonday.”13、“Pork”,“mutton”and“beef”arewords____.A.ofEnglishoriginB.fromFrenchC.fromLatinD.fromIndia1.ofEnglishorigin2.fromFrench3.fromLatin4.fromIndia14、WhenyouwanttocomplimentthenewcoatJohnwearsyoucansay,____.A.“Ilikeyournewcoat.”B.“That’saverynicecoatyou’rewearing.Itmustbeveryexpensive.”C.“Youlookmuchyoungerinthiscoat.”D.“Howmuchdidyoupayforthiscoat?”1.“Youlookmuchyoungerinthiscoat.”2.“Howmuchdidyoupayforthiscoat?”3.“Ilikeyournewcoat.”4.“That’saverynicecoatyou’rewearing.Itmustbeveryexpensive.”15、You’vejustbeenaskedouttodinnerbutyoudon’twanttogowiththepersonwhoinvitedyou.Youmightsay,__________.A.“Idon’tthinkso.Ialreadyhaveplans.”B.“No,Ireallydon’tenjoybeingwithyou.”C.“I’mdietingsoImustn’tgoouttoeat.”D.“ThanksalotbutI’mbusytonight.”1. F.“I’mdietingsoImustn’tgoouttoeat.”2.“No,Ireallydon’tenjoybeingwithyou.”3.“Idon’tthinkso.Ialreadyhaveplans.”4.“ThanksalotbutI’mbusytonight.”判断题16、Humorisbeyondlanguage,andittakesusintotheheartofculturalunderstanding.1. A.√2. B.×17、TosoundmodestandhumblewasvitaltotheancientChinesepeople,especiallywhentheycommunicatedwiththosewhowe1. A.√2. B.×18、Cultureisastaticentitywhilecommunicationisadynamicprocess.1. A.√2. B.×19、Nonverbalcommunicationmayonlybeusedincombinationwithverbalbehaviourstoconveymeaning.1. A.√2. B.×20、Itistruethatone’sowncultureissuperiortoallothercultures.1. A.√2. B.×21、Violatingaculturaltabooisasseriousasviolatingaverbaltaboo.1. A.√2. B.×22、InChineseculture,anythingrelatedtoprivacyorconsideredpersonalaretaboo.1. A.√2. B.×23、TraditionalEnglishcultureemphasizedharmoniousrelationshipsbetweenmanandnature,betweenindividuals,andbet1. A.√2. B.×24、Englishspeakers“feelgrateful”formanythingsthatseemtousChinesetootrivialtodeservea“thankyou”.1. A.√2. B.×25、Culturalmistakesaremoreseriousthanlinguisticmistakes.Thelinguisticmistakemeansthatsomeoneisnotfullyexpressi1. A.√2. B.×26、TheEastandtheWesthavedifferentperceptionsofcosmicpatterns,resultingindifferentapproachestoknowledge.1. A.√2. B.×27、Thefirstandlastprincipleforeffectivecross-gendercommunicationissuspendingjudgment.1. A.√2. B.×28、Culturecanbeseenassharedknowledge,whatpeopleneedtoknowinordertoactappropriatelyinagivenculture.1. A.√2. B.×29、Inreferringtoanimalsandbirds,theChinesepracticeisgenerally,butnotalways,touse“公”or“母”toshowwhetheracreatureismaleorfemale.ThisisthesamewiththeEnglishlanguage.1. A.√2. B.×30、Ininterculturalcommunication,youcanonlycommunicatesuccessfullywithpeoplewhosharethesameculturalbackgrou1. A.√。
高一英语学科跨文化交际差异单选题50题及答案
高一英语学科跨文化交际差异单选题50题及答案1.In some Western countries, people often have steak for dinner. In China, people usually have rice and dishes. What is the main difference between Western and Chinese diets?A.Westerners eat more meat.B.Chinese people eat more vegetables.C.Westerners eat more bread.D.Chinese people eat more noodles.答案：A。
西方饮食中肉类尤其是牛排等较为常见，而中国饮食以米饭和各种菜肴为主，相对来说西方饮食中肉类占比较大。
2.When having a meal, Westerners often use knives and forks. In China, people use chopsticks. What does this show?A.Different eating tools reflect different cultures.B.Westerners are more civilized.C.Chinese people are more traditional.D.Westerners eat faster.答案：A。
不同的餐具反映了不同的文化，西方使用刀叉，中国使用筷子，这是文化差异的体现。
3.In Western countries, people usually have dessert after a meal. In China, people may have fruit. What is the difference here?A.Westerners like sweet things more.B.Chinese people prefer healthy food.C.Westerners have a specific course for dessert.D.Chinese people don't like dessert.答案：C。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Why does Jay refuse to ask his professor or classmen to clarify the directions for his paper?
2.Case 2Melita feels hurt
Ted and Melita have been dating for two years and are very serious. Tocelebrate their anniversary Melita wants to spendquiet evening in her apartment where they can talk about the relationship and be alone with each other. When Ted arrives, he is planned to dine out and go to a concert. Melita feels hurt that he doesn’t want to talk and spend the evening alone with her.
Question for discussion:
Could you explain to why Melita fees hurt that Ted doesn’t want to talk and speech the evening alone with？
II.Answer the following questions: (50%)
Because women initially develop identity within the first relationships have an undertone of danger-they could jeopardize independence. So Jay's refusal to ask others for help reflects the masculine emphasis on maintaining autonomy and not appearing weak orincompetent. Unless Ellen realizes this difference between them, Jay's behavior will continue to baffle her.
答：
I:Байду номын сангаас
1.Why does Jay refuse to ask his professor or classmen to clarify the directions for his paper?
In this case, Jay's unwillingness to ask others for help in understanding his assignment is a sign of his masculine emphasis on independence. As some scholars point out rather humorously, men invariably resist asking directions when they are lost in the road while women do not hesitate to ask strangers for help. What we have discussed about gender identity help us understand this difference.
2.As we know, a word in one language does not necessarily have a counterpart in the other language; words or terms in both languages appear to refer to the same object or concept only on the surface, but actually refer to quite different things. Explain thecultural differences of the following pairs of words:龙vs. dragon,知识分子vs. intellectuals,社会科学vs. social sciences,书vs. book,狗vs. dog.
Jay is having difficulty in writing a paper for his communication class, because he’s not sure what the professor wants. When he mentions this to his friend Ellen, she suggests he ask the professor or a classmen to clarify directions. Jay refuses, saying “I can figure it out on my own”.
1.“Stereotype” is said to be one of the potential barriers of intercultural communication. What is “stereotype”? Why we take stereotypes as a barrier of intercultural communication?
西南大学网络与继续教育学院课程考试试题卷
类别：网教专业：英语2018年12月
课程名称【编号】：跨文化交际【0859】A卷
大作业满分：100分
I．Analyze the following cases，and then answer the given questions.(50%)
1.Case1I can figure it out on my own