青霉素菌渣风险评价体系与抗生素菌渣管理体系的构建硕士学位(参考模板)

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硕士学位论文

青霉素菌渣风险评价体系与抗生素菌渣管

理体系的构建

CONSTRUCTION OF PENICILLIN RESIDUE ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT SYSTEM AND BACTERIAL ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

苗杨

哈尔滨工业大学

2014年6月

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国内图书分类号：学校代码：10213国际图书分类号：密级：公开

工程硕士学位论文

青霉素菌渣风险评价体系与抗生素菌渣管

理体系的构建

硕士研究生：苗杨

导师：孟宪林副教授

申请学位：工程硕士

学科：环境工程

所在单位：市政环境工程学院

答辩日期：2014年6月

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Classified Index:

U.D.C:

Dissertation for the Master Degree in

Engineering

CONSTRUCTION OF PENICILLIN RESIDUE ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT SYSTEM AND BACTERIAL ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Candidate：Miao Yang

Supervisor：Associate Prof. Meng Xianlin

Academic Degree Applied for：Master of Engineering Speciality：Environmental Engineering

Affiliation：School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering

Date of Defence：June, 2014

Degree-Conferring-Institution：Harbin Institute of

Technology

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摘要

抗生素菌渣由于含有部分抗生素残留而被视为危险废物，但究其对人体健康和生态环境的确切风险却缺乏相关研究。此外，抗生素菌渣的管理也存在诸多漏洞，各地方环保部门对抗生素菌渣的管理模式不甚规范，导致部分抗生素菌渣流失，严重威胁环境安全。目前抗生素菌渣的处理处置方式主要采用焚烧和填埋，这样不仅造成了菌渣中大量营养物质的浪费，同时也大大增加了抗生素生产厂家的经济成本。因此，抗生素菌渣的风险评价模型和管理体系的建立对于抗生素菌渣的资源化处置和规范化管理显得尤为重要。

以青霉素菌渣添加量为1%~10%，菌渣处置前和处置80%后的人体健康风险为切入点，通过辨识出青霉素菌渣饲料化存在的健康风险因素，结合青霉素毒理性实验成果计算出剂量与反应的关系，然后对经口摄入、皮肤接触（土壤）、吸入土壤颗粒物等暴露途径中涉及的人体健康风险进行研究，并运用MatLab 软件编程构建出人体健康风险评价模型。评价结果表明菌渣添加量为1%~10%，菌渣处置前和处置80%后的青霉素菌渣饲料化的人体健康风险均可忽略；青霉素菌渣饲料化导致人体过敏的可能性极小。

通过对青霉素菌渣能源化和肥料化过程风险因子的识别，结合青霉素在环境中的迁移转化规律，对青霉素菌渣能源化制沼气过程和肥料化过程进行生态风险评价，并构建出相应的水生生态风险评价模型。评价结果表明青霉素菌渣在能源化和肥料化过程中对陆生生态和水生生态的风险均很小，可忽略。所构建的水生生态风险评价模型可通过菌渣中青霉素残留量、青霉素在水中的停留时间和废水中青霉素的处置率计算出青霉素菌渣能源化和肥料化过程的水生生态风险表征值。

基于抗生素菌渣基本信息、菌渣处理处置工艺、典型抗生素菌渣风险评价模型以及抗生素菌渣转移管理四大板块，结合计算机软件开发技术（Linux+Tomcat+Oracle+Java），构建抗生素菌渣风险管理体系。管理者通过该体系可对抗生素菌渣的产生情况、危害特性、贮存情况、处理处置方式、对环境和人体健康的风险等进行查询、统计、分析以及评价，从而使抗生素菌渣的管理早日进入系统化、规范化、科学化的轨道。

关键词：青霉素菌渣；风险评价；青霉素菌渣饲料化；青霉素菌渣肥料化；青霉素菌渣能源化制沼气；抗生素菌渣风险管理

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Abstract

Antibiotic bacterial residues have been listed as hazardous waste because it contains antibiotic residues, but the exact risk of antibiotic bacterial residues to human health and the environment have few relevant research. In addition, there are also many loopholes about the management of antibiotic bacteria residues. For example, the management mode that some environmental protection departments adopted are not standard, which resulting in the loss of antibiotic bacteria residues and the potential dangers to the environmental safety. Currently, the disposal ways of antibiotic bacterial residues are incineration and landfill, which not only waste resources, but also increase the treatment costs. Therefore, it is important to establish the bacterial antibiotic residue risk assessment models and management system to realize the resources disposal and standardized management of antibiotic bacterial residues.

Taking penicillin bacteria residues adding amount of 1%~10% and bacteria residue treatment of 0% and 80% for example, this thesis identified health risk factors and used penicillin toxicity datas to calculate the relationship between dose and effect to studied the human health risk in swallowing, skin contacting and breathing. In addition, MatLab software was also used to construct the risk assessment models. The results showed that health risk can be ignored and allergy risk was few in the pocess of feeding.

The ecological risk of penicillin bacteria residues in the pocess of fertilizing and energying was assessed by identifying risk factor as well as transformation and transportation law of penicillin. Besides, the corresponding aquatic ecological risk evaluation model was also established. The results indicated that in the process of fertilizing and energying the risk to terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic ecosystems was so small that it can be ignored. Ecological risk characterization of penicillin bacterial residues in the pocess of fertilizing and energying can be calculated by aquatic ecological risk assessment model when