专业英语缩印
商务英语考试重点缩印.doc
Shareholders 股东Position 职位Management 管理层Apply for 申请Workforce 劳动力Letter of application 审请书Organisation Chart: Covering letter 求职信Board of Directors 董事会 / 理事Curriculum vitae 简历会Application form 申请表Chairperson/President 主席/董事Short list 候选人名单Managing Director/Chief Executive Officer 总经理/首席执行官Candidates/Applicants请人候选人、申Senior managers/company officers Recruitment agency 招聘中介高级管理层Recruit 招聘Retailing 零售业Franchisor/franchisee 特许权拥有Retailers 零售商人/经营人Shops/stores 商店Franchise agreement 特许经营Outlet 批发商店协议Retail chains 零售连锁店Franchise fee/Front end fee 特许执Shopping centers (Mall) 购物中照费心Royalty 特许恢使用费Hypermarkets 巨型超级市Management services fee 管理H艮场费Superstores 超市及连锁店Advertising fee 广告费Retail park 商业区Operations manual 操作手册Department store 百货公司Master franchisee 主经销商Franchising 特许经营店National culture:国家文花Hierarchy:层级The Bank of England 英格兰银Subordinate: 下级行Delegate:代表Commercial banks 商贸银行Initiative:主动权Clearing banks 转账银行商业银行旅行支票银行结单消费者社会环境券口对证进保助息券价易、易资股债有交口税额贸出关定银行RevenueProfit and loss司公亏市益盈上据财务账目管理账Management accounts户company secretarylimited liability 有限责任Securities Exchange Commission 证il斤厶JHLKJoint venture 合资企业、联合经营Merger 合并、并购Acquisition 收购Strategicalliance;战略联盟Marketing 市场营销Product 产品Price 价格Place 场所Promote 推销The 4ps/ marketing mix 营销组合Key vocabularyProduct advertising 产品广告Corporate advertising 企业广告Brand image 品牌形象Public relations 公共关系Publicity 宣传Merchant banksTraveler " s CheckBank StatementConsumer societyEnvironmentRecycling ofpackaging 包装回收利用一、Pollution 污染Sustainable business 可持续发展业务、亠Stock market/stock exchange 证券交易所、/一Issue shares/ stocks 发行股票Institutional investors 机构投资人Ordinary/common shares 普通股Broker 经纪人Shareholder/stockholder 股票持有人(股东)Stake DividendsBonds SecuritiesTradedExport/importTariffsQuotasProtectionist者WTO 世界贸易组织EFTA 欧洲自由贸易联盟Annual report 年度决算public limited companies (pic) 公开有限公司Marks & Spencer 玛莎百货British Telecom 英电信公司National Westminster Bank 西敏寺Listed companyData Financial accounts文书Unit 1 Company StructuresCorporate structureis essentially the layout of the various departments, divisions, and job positions that interact to conduct the business of the company.Provisions for executive, managerial, and administrative matters are also normally accounted for in the structure.It helps to accomplish things.The accounting department is understood to handle all financial matters;The sales department works to ensure there are efforts to market the goods and services produced to the consumer market;Board of DirectorsElected by the shareholdersThe first type involves individuals chosen from within the company. (inside director)The second type of representative is chosen externally and is considered to be independent from the company. (outside director)Management TeamAs the other tier of the company, the management team is directly responsible for the company's day-to-day operations and profitability.Chief Executive Officer (CEO)Chief Operations Officer (COO)Chief Financial Officer (CFO)Unit 2 RecruitmentRecruitment and Selection processThere are several pieces to the recruitment and selection process:sourcing candidates, reviewing and tracking applicants, conducting interviews and selection for employment.Difference between Recruitment and SelectionRecruitment is the process of searching the candidates for employment and stimulating them to apply for jobs in the organisationSelection involves the series of steps by which the candidates are screened for choosing the most suitable persons for vacant posts.The basic purpose of recruitments is to create a talent pool of candidates to enable the selection of best candidates for the organisation, by attracting more and more employees to apply in the organisationthe basic purpose of selection process is to choose the right candidate to fill thevarious positions in the organisation.Recruitment is a positive process・ encouraging more and more employees to applyselection is a negative process as it involves rejection of the unsuitable candidates. Recruitment is concerned with tapping the sources of human resources; selection is concerned with selecting the most suitable candidate through various interviews and tests.There is no contract of recruitment established in recruitment; selection results in a contract of service between the employer and the selected employee・Methods of RecruitmentInternal recruitment is when the business looks to fill the vacancy from within its existing workforce・External recruitment is when the business looks to fill the vacancy from any suitable applicant outside the business・Unit 3 RetailingRetailingthe selling of merchandise and certain services to the consumer.It ordinarily involves the selling of individual units or small lots to large numbers of customers by a business set up for that specific purpose・For starters, there are department stores, discount stores, specialty stores and even seasonal retailers・some different types of retailers:Department Stores - Very large stores offering a huge assortment of goods and services.Discounters - These also tend to offer a wide array of products and services, but they compete mainly on price ・Demographic - These are retailers that aim at one particular segment. High-end retailers focusing on wealthy individuals would be a good example・E-Commerce in the Distribution Channels:Online-only retailers that provide apparel, audiovisual products, books, home appliances, and home furnishings online;Multi-channel retailers that have traditional stores and offer online shopping services;Third party e-commerce platforms that provide consumer-to-consumer or business-to-consumer services that help small and medium-sized enterprises and individuals conduct business onlineUNIT 4 FranchisingDifferences Between Licensing & Franchising AgreementsSet-upA licensing agreement can be drafted and completed in as little as a week. Before offering a franchise, a business must standardize its internal systems, operations, marketing and distribution.Control and Supportlicensing agreement though, the licensor usually does not retain much control over how the licensee may operate・Franchisors maintain significant control over how a franchisee operates. Exclusivity and CompetitionLicensors can sometimes license their intellectual property to two or more organizations operating in the same geographic region or market forcing licenseesto compete directly with one another.Franchisees, are normally granted an exclusive territory in which to operate. Foreign franchises face opportunities in ChinaThe consumer class is expanding fast.Western brands are highly regarded.Western franchises bring new and modern business systems.Second- and third-tier cities are open to franchising・Unit 5 International Business Stylesnegotiating tactics in ChinaChinese negotiations approaches such as:the Confucian gentleman,the Maoist bureaucratthe Sun Tzu strategistthe initial meeting with Chinese negotiatorsand Chinese and international business negotiations・Chinese Negotiation Styles in International Business Negotiations:focuses on the importance of understanding,both, what influences Chinese negotiators and the different negotiation styles they apply during international negotiations;providing an Eastern perspective.Unit 6 BankingBank StatementA record, usually sent to the account holder once per month, summarizing all transactions in an account during the time from the previous statement to the current statement.What is the difference between investment banks and merchant banks? Traditional investment banks often expand into the field of securities underwritingmerchant banks participate in trade financing activities.Investment banksPure investment banks raise funds for businesses and some governments by registering and issuing debt or equity and selling it on a market・Investment banks facilitate mergers and acquisitions through share sales and provide research and financial consulting to companies.Investment banks did not deal with the general public・Merchant banksTraditional merchant banks primarily perform international financing activities such as:foreign corporate investing, foreign real estate investment, trade finance and international transaction facilitation.Some of the activities that a pure merchant bank is involved in may include: issuing letters of credit, transferring funds internationally, trade consulting and co-investment in projects involving trade of one form or another.Unit 7 Business and the EnvironmentSustainable businessor green businesses an enterprise to be that has minimal negative impact on the global or local environment, community, society, or economy ——a business that strives to meet the triple bottom line・Often, sustainable businesses have progressive environmental and human rights policies.Corporate sustainability strategiesThe widely practiced strategies include: Innovation, Collaboration, Process Improvement and Sustainability reporting・1.Innovation & TechnologyThis introverted method of sustainable corporate practices focuses on a company's ability to change its products and services towards less waste production and sustainable best practices・2.CollaborationThe formation of networks with similar or partner companies facilitates knowledge sharing and propels innovation.3.Process ImprovementContinuous process surveying and improvement is essential to reduction in waste.4.Sustainability ReportingPeriodic reporting of company performance in relation to goals. This goals is often incorporated in to the corporate missionUnit 8 the Stock MarketInstitutional investorsare organizations which pool large sums of money and invest those sums in securities, real property and other investment assets.They can also include operating companies which decide to invest their profits to some degree in these types of assets.Typical investors include banks, insurance companies, retirement or pensionfunds, hedge funds, investment advisors and mutual funds.The stock market can be split into two main sections:The primary market and the secondary market:The primary market is where new issues are first sold through initial public offerings・Institutional investors typically purchase most of these shares from investment banks・All subsequent trading goes on in the secondary market where participants include both institutional and individual investors・Top 10 Stock ExchangesNew York Stock Exchange (NYSE) - Headquartered in New York City. NASDAQ OMX - Headquartered in New York City.Tokyo Stock Exchange - Headquartered in Tokyo.London Stock Exchange - Headquartered in London.Shanghai Stock Exchange - Headquartered in Shanghai.6.Hong Kong Stock Exchange - Headquartered in Hong Kong. Market Capitalization (2011，USD Billions) - 2,258; Trade Value (2011, USD Billions) - 1,447.7.Toronto Stock Exchange - Headquartered in Toronto. Market Capitalization (2011, USD Billions) - 1,912; Trade Value (2011, USD Billions) - 1,542.8.BM&F Bovespa - Headquartered in Sao Paulo. Market Capitalization (2011, USD Billions) - 1,229; Trade Value (2011, USD Billions) - 931.9.Australian Securities Exchange - Headquartered in Sydney. Market Capitalization (2011, USD Billions) - 1,198; Trade Value (2011, USD Billions) - 1,197.10.Deutsche Bdrse - Headquartered in Frankfurt. Market Capitalization (2011, USD Billions) - 1,185; Trade Value (2011, USD Billions) - 1,758.Unit 9 Import/ ExportDifference between Tariffs and QuotasThe difference between tariffs and import quotas is that a tariff is a tax that is on imports.Meanwhile, an import quotas just limits the amount of a certain thing that can come into a country・They are both measures that are used in order to protect the economy of the country by restricting international trade.Three Reasons Why Tariffs Are Preferable to QuotasTariffs Generate Revenue for the GovernmentImport Quotas Can Lead to Administrative Corruption. A tariff system can achieve the same objective without the possibility of corruption.Import Quotas Are More Likely to Cause SmugglingUNIT 10 Company PerformanceBusiness Performance Managementthe overall business performance and determining how the business can better reach its goals.How to Evaluate a Company's Performance1.OperationsThe key operational variables for performance evaluation are sales and profitability. The percent profit margin indicates how much of each dollar earned from sales company keeps as profit.Marketit depends on company performance in particular areas of activity. Performance in the marketplace influences profitability.2.CustomersPerformance in customer satisfaction is a key factor in long-term success・ProductsQuality products lie at the root of superior company performance・3.InternalTwo indicators of a company's performance internally are employee job satisfaction and training levels.4.FinancialIn addition to numerical factors such as profit margin5.Corporate ProfitCorporate profit, also called net income, is the amount remaining after all costs, depreciation, interest, taxes, and other expenses have been deducted from total sales.Why it Matters:corporate profit is what motivates industry, entrepreneurship and innovation. Changes in corporate profit are the subject of much analysis.Corporate profit varies greatly from company to company and from industry to industry.To determine whether a company is profitable, pay attention to indicators such as sales revenue, merchandise expense, operating charges and net income・Can make decisions quickly Keeps all the rewards. Privacy of business affairs Easy to start upUnit 11 Setting Up a BusinessSole Trader (UK)独资经营(英国)It is an organization that is owned and usually managed by a person or one family. It is the oldest, most common and simplest form of business organization. Advantages: Disadvantages: Unlimited liability i.e. may use personal assets to pay liabilities. Limited managerial skills No one to share workload and ideas. Limited sources of finance Partnership (UK)合作经营(英国) A partnership is an agreement between two or more people to finance and operate a business ・Each person contributes money, property, labor or skill, and expects to share in the profits and losses of the business ・Key concepts: A type of unincorporated business organization in which multiple individuals, called general partners, manage the business and are equally liable for its debts Other individuals called limited partners may invest but not be directly involved in management and are liable only to the extent of their investments ・ Advantages: Disadvantages: Share resources/ ideas Usually unlimited liability Can cover for each other Limited sources of finance More sources of finance than sole Profits must be shared between trader partners Partners can specialize Slower decision making than sole traderPrivate Limited Company (UK)私人有限公司(英国)It is legal entity, which permits a group of people, to create an organization, which can the focus on pursuing set objectives ・ Its basic features are that its owners have limited liability for the entity ? s debts and obligations ・Major ownership restrictions: Shareholders cannot sell or transfer their shares without offering them first to other shareholders for purchase Shareholders cannot offer their shares to the general public over a stock exchange The number of shareholders cannot exceed a fixed figure (commonly 50).Disadvantages: Profit Sharing Taxes No Trading Cost Lack of PrivacyAdvantages: Limited liability Tax Advantages Finance and Resources Modern Management Business Continuity Unit 12 Corporate Alliance and AcquisitionsJoint Venture ■ JV A business arrangement in which two or more parties agree to pool their resources for the purpose of accomplishing a specific task. In a joint venture, each of the participants is responsible for profits, losses and costs associated with it.Merger The combining of two or more companies, generally by offering the stockholders of one company securities in the acquiring company in exchange for the surrender of their stock. Basically, when two companies become one. This decision is usually mutual between both firms.Acquisition A corporate action in which a company buys most, if not all, of the target company's ownership stakes in order to assume control of the target firm ・ Acquisitions are often paid in cash, the acquiring company's stock or a combination of both ・Strategic Alliance An arrangement between two companies that have decided to share resources to undertake a specific, mutually beneficial project ・Strategic alliance is less involved and less permanent than a joint venture, in which two companies typically pool resources to create a separate business entity. Unit 13 MarketingThe 4Ps are:Product (or Service) 1 .Place; 2.Price; 3.PromotionSERVICE MARKETING MIX (Extended Marketing Mix)People 1 .Process 2.Physical Evidence ・Unit 14 Product and Corporate AdvertisingProduct Life CycleThe stages through which a product or its category passes.From its introduction onto the market, growth, maturity, to its decline or lack of demand in the marketplace・The stage of the PLC often determines the type of advertising that is used by advertisers for a particular product.Types of product advertising:Pioneering advertising is heavily used in the introductory stage of product life cycle when a new product is launched・The goal of using competitive advertising is to influence demand for a specific brand・Comparative advertising compares two or more competing brands on one or more specific attributes, be it directly or indirectly・Differences between product advertising and corporate advertising: Corporate advertising does not necessarily try to sell a company，s particular product or service ・A company' s communications department is usually responsible for corporate advertising.Corporate advertising is long-term and is tied to a company' s vision and mission. An organization' s marketing department is usually the function responsible for their product advertising・VI Short answers (15% at all)1.Give the difinitions for General Partners and Limited partners・a type of unincorporated business organization in which multiple individuals, called general partners, manage the business and areequaaly liable for its debts (3%) Other individuals called limited partners mav invest but not be directly involved in management andare liable only to the extent of their investments・(30/o )2.List THREE major ownership restrictions for the Private Limited Company in the UK.Shareholders cannot sell or transfer their shares without offering them first to other shareholders for purchase (3%) Shareholders cannot offer their sharesI. translate the fllowing vocabularies to English. _ l.acquisitionQ 攵购) 2.Securities Exchange Commission (证券交易 委员会)to the generai public over a stock exchange (30/o) The number of shareholders cannot exceed a fixed figure (commoniy 50). (3%)3. Annual^report (年报)4. Bank Statement (银行结单)5.Sustainable businesses (可持续发展业务) 6 Strategic alliance (战 略联盟) 7 Publicity (宣传)8.Protectionist(贸易保护主文 者)II • Tranlate the following voca bularies to Chinese. 1 •外贸直接投资(FDI) 2有限责任(limited liability) 3有价证券(securities) 4 上市公司(listed company)5•包装回收利用(recycling of packaging) 6 公共关系(public relations) 7.商业媒体(business media) 8 战略联盟(strategic alliance) III Translate the following sentences to English (10010, 2% each) 1 ・ It says moving forward quickly with the deal would be in the best interest of shareholders ・迅速推动这场交易，才将符合全体股东的利益。
英语缩印——精选推荐
英语缩印15选10are a relatively recentfound a surprising ingredient the containers suggest they Earliest direct evidence To test that theoryDried remains insidethe roots,including lily, become astaple foodmay have arrived in theAs raw material for⼋选5of animationHe transformedand optimismboth influentialto simplifyhas occurredimportant. Conversationseasy to initiateto engagethe casualthe peakthis magnificentthat intrigueof seclusionreligious endeavour选词填空China’s animationLaughter animatedequally dividemain divisionthe collisionwest collideof commerceA commercialwould transformcomplete transformationa reservedto reservea lookby a glancein casualasked casually prisoners attempted We tenda glowsoft lightdeep seclusiona seclusiveup intimacymy intimateThis replicationto replicateis magnificentthe magnificence career peaked mountain peak选择in the field of transformed ..into and+died ofdied fromsave ...fromput up withtend tocan’t help but feel in this sense broke downbroke upbreak awayleft ..behindlay in her waygot on her nervesgo to great lengthssuck outgo beyondtranslatingmad atslipped byprotect..fromremoved fromexcept forall sethold backstruckout of sight make fun of picking onsprang upfocus onreign overshy away fromdedicate ..toablazeat ease阅读u1 music C:my music could B:the author's music touc hedB:Because his fatherD:eager to seeC:The author's was gifted u2 D:lovingD:Lorne's motherC:IndifferentC:Unsolved Mysteries C:became a widowu3残疾A:she had an artificial legC:make itA:a fieldC:pollyanna'su4 bead B:sense of wonderD:I enjoyedC:Else where isB:The globalA:Enjoyed theu5 Disney D:The stereotypted C:shecanC:ElsaA:toputC:starts to renewU6 滑雪A:to take a lessonA:he hadskiedA:His lipsB:his poor skillsC:He wasalwaysu7 A:artist wer drawn to palce wit hC:a nervous commotionC:Because he wantedB:the rich lifeD:A terrible monsteru8 B:rather difficultA:To find outC:It can addB:old peopleA:It's more subjectiveNan Guo boasted that he was an ou tstanding musician.南郭吹嘘他是个杰出的乐师Therefore，King Xuan of Qi recruited him intothe orchestra.因此，齐宣王把他招进乐团Nan Guo was afraid that his deception would be discovered南郭害怕他的欺骗被发现Sometimes，people also use this idiom toexpress self-modesty有时，⼈们也⽤这个成语来表⽰⾃谦There are many advantages to living near the market住在集市附近有很多好处After Mencius grew up, he acquired six classical arts孟⼦长⼤后，他学会了六艺This story illustrates the emphasis that Mother Meng placed on education这个故事说明了孟母对教育的重视Her example inspired Mencius to study hard.她的例⼦激励了孟⼦努⼒学习The peacock dance is performed mostly on some important religious events.孔雀舞主要在⼀些重要的宗教活动中表演The beauty and kindness of the peacock inspires the Dai culture.孔雀的美丽和善良激发了傣族⽂化的灵感。
HI-P公司模具专业英语培训——注塑模
模具专业英语培训——注塑模English Training——Injection Mold（一）模具专业基本用词Professional Terms1．塑料—plastic, resin2．样件—sample3．钢料—steel4．注塑机—injection machine, press5．产品—part, product, moulding6．模具—mold, mould, toolA 简易模（样板模）—prototype moldB 量产用模具—production mold 7．三维造型（数模）—model, 3D data8．二维产品图—2D part drawing9．设计—design10．制造—manufacture, build up, construction11．检验—check, inspection12．测量—measure, inspection13．修改—change, modify, correction14．工程更改—engineer change15．质量—quality16．数量—quantity17．基准—datum, reference（二）如何解析2D 产品图？How to read 2D part drawing?一．产品几何Geometry1．点—point2．线（边）—line, edge3．面faceA 侧面—sideB 表面—surfaceC 外观面—appearance surface 4．壁厚—wall thickness, stock thickness5．加强筋（骨位）—rib6．孔—hole7．细长的槽—slot8．柱位—boss9．角—cornerA 圆角—filletB 倒角—chamferC 尖角—sharp corner 10．斜度—angle, taper11. 凹槽—recess , groove二．分模信息Splitting1．分型线—parting line (P/L), splitting line2．主分模方向—main direction, line of draw3．浇口设定—gating三．产品标识Part Identification1．产品名称—part name (P/N)2．产品编号+版本号—part number + revision (Rev.)3．型腔号—cavity number4．材料标记—material symbol5．模具编号—mold number (no.)6．日期印—dating insert, date code7．循环印—cycling code8．公司标志—company logo四．技术要求Specification (Special Requirement)1．项目启动表Kick-off sheet1）项目名称—program name, project name2）产品名称—part name, product name, part description3）产品编号—part number (P/N)4）客户模号—customer mold no.5）项目启动日期—kick off date, start date6）项目完成日期—due date,lead time7）内模件用钢—tool steel8）型腔数量—number of cavities9）数模文件编号—data file no.10）注塑材料—resin, plastic, raw material11）收缩率—shrink, shrinkage, shrink factor12）注塑机吨位—molding machine size, injection machine size 13）成型周期—cycle time14）型腔光洁度—cavity polish15）型芯光洁度—core polish16）皮纹（晒纹）—texture, grain17）拔模斜度—draft angle, removal taper18）注塑件颜色及光泽—molded color & gloss19）模具加工地—manufacturing facility20）热流道供应商—manifold manufacturer, manifold supplier 21）浇口位置—gate location / position22）浇口类型—gate type23）产品标识—stamp information, part identification24）特殊要求—special instructions2．产品质量及外观要求Part Quality & Appearance1）尺寸及公差Dimension & Tolerance①重要尺寸—critical dimension, important dim., key dim.②理论尺寸—nominal dimension③实际尺寸—actual dimension④公差—tolerance⑤公差带—tolerance range⑥尺寸超差—dimension deviation⑦接受（合格）—accept, OK⑧拒绝（不合格）—reject, refuse, obsolete, NG⑨让步接受—concession, special admit⑩返工—re-work2）产品缺陷（较常见）Defects (normal)①缩印—sink mark, shrinkage②飞边—flash, burr③段差—mismatch discrepancy④银丝纹—snake marks, streak⑤弯曲—warpage, distortion⑥打不足（缺料）—short shot⑦熔接线—weld line3．产品外观Part Appearance①产品颜色—part color②产品光泽—gloss③皮纹粒度—grain4．常用词汇、词组及短语Normal Word, Short Sentence1）单边—per side2）双边—both sides3）加入，添加—add, incorporate4）去除，取消—remove, cancel5）满足…的要求，符合，与…要求一致—according to, conform to, satisfy, meet 6）要求，需要—require, need, demand7）确认—be approved, agreed by …8）允许—permit, allow9）在…范围之内—within10）不可以，不允许，禁止—free from, prevent, avoid11）…，除非有另指—…unless otherwise specified12）…或少于—…or less13）自动化运作—automatic operation14）未注尺寸（详细形状）见三维造型Non dimensioned contour (detailed shape) see 3D model.15）分型线上的飞边（披缝）或段差应小于…Burrs and discrepancy on the P/L shall be … or less.五．标题栏Title Block1．产品名称—part name2．图纸编号 + 版本号（索引号）—drawing no. + level (index)3．一般公差[的标准] —general tolerance（三）如何阅读制模标准？How to read tooling standard? 一．模具结构术语Mold Construction TerminologyA．模架Mold Base1．模架量化特征Measurement Feature①长X 宽X 高—Length X Width X Height②模具推高尺寸（模厚）—stack height of mould③模具重量—total weight of mould, mould thickness2．定模底板—front plate, top clamping plate, clamp plate, clamping plate 3．定模板—cavity plate, fixed mould plate, A – plate4．动模板—core plate, moving mould plate, B – plate5．支撑板—support plate, backing plate6．模脚—support blocks, rails, risers, spacer block7．顶杆固定板—retaining plate, ejector retaining plate8．顶板—ejector plate9．动模底板—back plate10．导柱—guide pillar, leader pin, guide pin11．导套—guide bush, leader pin bush12．复位杆—return pin, push-back pin13．弹簧—spring14．撑头—support pillar15．推板导柱、导套—ejection guide pin / bush16．挡钉—stop pin, stop button17．站立脚—standing-off pillars18．标牌—plaque scutcheonB．成型零部件moulding components19．型芯—core20．型腔—cavity21．镶针—core pin22．镶块—insert, split23．滑块—slide, sliding split24．斜顶—lifter, angled-lift splitA 斜顶头—lifter headB 斜顶杆—lifter rod, lifter shaft 25．成型顶杆—moulding face pin, form pinC．浇注系统Feed System1．塑料Mouldinga．主流道—sprueb．分流道runner①主分流道—main runner②二级分流道—branch runner分流道断面形状cross-sectional shape of runner①圆形—full round②半圆形—semicircular③梯形—trapezoidalc．浇口gate常用浇口形式normal gate type :①边缘浇口（J型浇口）—edge gate, J – gate②侧浇口—side gate③潜伏式浇口—sub-gate, cashew gate, subsurface gate, submarine gate④潜伏式二次浇口(隧道式浇口) —tunnel gate onto feeder post⑤点浇口—pin gate⑥直接浇口(主流道型浇口) —sprue gate, direct gate⑦护耳式浇口—tab gated．模腔—impressione．冷料井—cold slug wellf．热流道—hot runner2．模具零件mold componentsa．定位圈—locating ring, location ring, register ringb．浇口套—sprue bushc．挡圈—stop ringd．浇口镶块—gate inserte．热流道板—manifoldf．热嘴—hot dropD．分型面及其锁紧、排气Parting Surface, inter-locking & venting1．分型线—parting line ( P/L )2．镶拼线—bodyline, joint line3．平/ 不平的分型面—flat / non – flat parting surface4．封胶面—shut off surfaces, seal-off surfaces5．擦位—shut off6．碰穿位—kiss-off7．管位—parting line lock8．分型面的释放(避空) —relief of parting surface9．分型面的平衡—balancing of parting surface10．锁紧角度—locking angle11．锁紧力—clamping force12．锁模板—safety strap13．精定位—Interlock, die lock14．困气—air trap15．排气槽—vent, vent slotE．滑块机构Slide1．驱动Actuation①斜导柱—angled pin, horn pin, cam pin②弹簧—spring③油缸—hydraulic cylinder2．制动Detention①滑块固定器—slide retainer②弹簧制动器—spring-loaded detention (plunger)③挡钉、挡板—stop pin, stop plate, slide stop3．导轨—gib, guide strip4．锁紧块（楔紧块）—heel block, locking heel, wedge block, chase block 5．耐磨片—wear plate, wear strip6．压板—retainer7．螺钉—screw8．定位销—dowelF．斜顶机构Lifter1．斜顶头—lifter head2．斜顶杆—lifter rod, lifter shaft3．开口销—split pin4．固定板（压板）—retainer plate5．耐磨片—wear plate6．铜导套—bronze bushing7．衬套—spacer8．导轨—L – gib9．滑动块—slideG．顶出系统Ejection System1．基本词汇Basic Word①顶出行程—ejection stroke②模具开档—daylight③粘模—stick④产品脱模—part is push off from, clear part of mould, separation of part 2．顶板机构Ejector plate assembly①顶板（推板）—ejector plate②顶板固定板—retaining plate③推板导柱—ejector guide pin④推板导套—ejector guide bush⑤撑头—support pillar, pillar support3．复位机构Return System①复位杆（回程杆）—return pin, push – back pin②挡钉—stop pin, stop button③压簧—compressed spring④碟簧— a stack of ―Belleville‖ washers⑤早复位机构—early return system⑥强制复位机构—positive return system4．顶出方法Ejection Techniques1）顶杆顶出—pin ejection2）顶管顶出—sleeve ejection3）顶块顶出—bar ejection4）扁顶顶出—blade ejection5）顶板顶出—stripper ejection6）油缸顶出—hydraulic ejection7）气顶—air ejection8）阀门顶出—valve ejection5．顶出元件Ejection Elements1）拉料杆—sprue puller, sucker pin2）顶杆—ejector pin3）阶梯式顶杆—stepped ejector pin4）顶管—ejection sleeve, sleeve5）扁顶—ejector blade, slabbed off ejector pin6）顶块—stripper bar7）顶环—stripper ring8）推板—stripper plate9）加速顶—accelerated ejection6．顶出辅助机构Supplementary operating system1）弹簧柱塞器—spring – loaded plunger2）弹珠定位器—ball catch system3）插销式锁扣—Latch – lock4）尼龙拉杆装置—friction puller device7．电器元件Electric Components1）压力传感器—pressure transducer2）限位开关—limit switchF．冷却系统Cooling System1．基本词汇Basic Word1）温差—temperature variation2）水孔（水道）—waterlines, water-ways, flow-way, channel3）水路—cooling circuit4）水路示意图—water schematic, schematic circuit5）冷却液—coolant, coolant fluid6）内连接—interconnect7）外连接—external connection8）出口、入口—outlet、inlet9）漏水—water leakage2．水路分布Circuits1）阶梯式水路—stepped system2）喷淋—baffled hole system3）斜孔式水路—angled hole system3．水路元件Components1）闷头（螺塞、止水栓）—（threadless）brass pressure plug : female plug & male 2）隔水片—baffle3）密封圈—O – ring4）快插水路接头—quick disconnect fitting, quick connection adaptor5）弯头—elbow6）偶合器（连接器、接头）—adaptor (including a plug & a socket)7）橡皮管—rubber hose8）分水板—water manifoldG．螺纹、螺纹孔& 螺钉Thread, thread hole & screw1．螺纹—thread2．管螺纹—pipe thread3．螺纹孔—screw hole, tapped hole4．起吊孔—handling hole, jack screw hole, eye bolt hole5．螺钉—screw6．内六角螺钉—socket headed cap screw （s.h.c.s.）7．沉头螺钉—flat headed cap screw （f.h.c.s）8．螺栓—bolt, eye bolt9．螺母—nut10．锁紧螺母—locknut11．螺纹标准Thread Standard①公制标准—Metric②英制标准—Imperial③英制管螺纹标准—British Standard Pipe thread （BSP）④美制管螺纹标准—NPT⑤美制粗螺纹标准—United Coarse thread （UNC）⑥美制细螺纹标准—United Fine thread （UNF）H．润滑Lubrication1．润滑槽—grease groove2．加油管—grease line3．油杯—lubrication fittingI．测量仪器Measuring Instruments1．游标卡尺—vernier caliper2．千分尺—micrometer3．高度规—height gauge4．刻度规—dial gauge5．三坐标测量仪—Coordinate Measure Machine（CMM）6．塞规—pin gauge7．圆角量规—radii gauge8．輪廓投影機—profile projectorJ．注塑机参数Injection Machine Parameter1．注塑机规格参数Injection Machine Specification①锁紧类型clamp typea．油缸—hydraulic b．肘杆式—toggle②垂直注塑机导柱间距—tie bar vertical clearance③水平注塑机导柱间距—tie bar horizontal clearance④台板尺寸—platen dim.⑤最小/ 最大模厚—mold height Min. / Max., Min. / Max. mold thickness⑥最小/ 最大注塑机开档—open daylight Min. / Max.⑦锁紧行程—clamp stroke⑧锁紧力—clamping force⑨顶出行程—ejector stroke⑩顶出力—ejector force2．试模工艺参数Moulding Process Parameter, machine setting①时间Timer（TM）, seca．注塑（充填）时间—filling time, injection timeb．冷却时间—cooling timec．补缩时间—packing timed．保压时间—holding timee．成型周期—cycle time②速率、速度Velocity, %、speed, in/seca．注塑（充填）速度—injection speedb．保压速率—hold pressure velocityc．螺杆转速—screw rotation speed③压力Pressure（Prs.）, psia．注塑压力—injection pressureb．保压压力—hold pressurec．回压（背压）—back pressure④温度Temperature（Temp.）, °Fa．注塑机喷嘴温度—nozzle temp.b．料筒前段、中段、后段温度—barrel front、middle、rear temp.c．模温—mould temp.d．料温—purged resin melt temp.e．空射料温—air shot melt temp.关于注塑成型对产品造成的各种缺陷及解决方法(一)熔接痕熔接痕是由于来自不同方向的熔融树脂前端部分被冷却、在结合处未能完全融合而产生的。
景观专业英语(缩印版)
景观landscape 园林建筑业（术）landscape architecture风景园林师landscape architect 建筑学architecture园艺业（学）landscape gardening 建筑师architect重大思想的设计师the architect of sth。
理论theory改革开放refore and opening—up policy 代表representatives毛泽东思想mao Zedong’s thought 校园campus大一freshman 大二sophomore 大三junior 大四senior景观都市主义Landscape Urbanism 景观基础设施（Landscape as Infrastructure）城镇景观（town-scape ）乡村景观(land-scape)无边界景观(limitless landscape) 生态城市（Ecological City）后现主义风景园Post Modernism Landscape Architecture 现主风景园Modern Landscape Architecture 景观生态landscape ecology 城市景观系统The urban landscape system城市景观的人类主导性The city landscape human sexual城市景观的生态脆弱性The city landscape ecological vulnerability城市景观的破碎性The city landscape fragmentation城市景观结构成分The urban landscape structure composition调整和优化城市用地空间结构Adjustment and optimization of urban spatial structure中国古典园林 Classical Chinese garden中国传统园林 Traditional Chinese garden中国古代园林 Ancient Chinese garden中国山水园 Chinese mountain and water garden帝王宫苑 Imperial palace garden皇家园林 Royal garden私家园林 Private garden江南园林 Garden on the Yangtze Delta西方古典园林 Western classical garden 英国式园林 English style garden中英混合式园林 Anglo-Chinese style garden 意大利式园林 Italian style garden西班牙式园林 Spanish style garden法兰西式园林 French style garden勒诺特尔式园林 Le-Notre's style garden文艺复兴庄园 Renaissance style villa洛可可式园林 Rococo style garden巴洛克式园林 Baroque style garden庄园 manor,villa garden廊柱园 Peristyle garden,patio绿廊 xystus迷阵 maze,labyrinth灵囿 Ling You Hunting Garden灵沼 Ling Zhao Water Garden灵台 Ling Tai Platform Garden 阿房宫 E-Pang Palace上林苑 Shang-Lin Yuan未央宫 Wei-Yang Palace洛阳宫 Luoyang Palace华清官 Hua-Qing Palace艮岳 Gen Yue Imperial Garden圆明园 Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden 颐和园 Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace承德避暑Chengde Imperial Summer Resort苏州园林 Suzhou traditional garden悬园 Hanging Garde英国皇家植物园 Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden 凡尔赛宫苑 Versailles Palace Park枫丹白露宫园 Fontainebleau Palace Garden视野 Visual field秋色 Fall color,autumn color园林空间 Garden spac开敞空间 Wide open space,wide space封闭空间 Enclosure space意境 artistic conception,poetic imagery苍古 antiquity空灵 spaciousness,airiness 动观 in-motion viewing静观 in-position viewing 视错觉 Visual illusion园林艺术布局 Artistic layout of garden对称平衡 Symmetrical balance 不对称平衡 Asymmetrical balance左右对称 Bilateral symmetry 辐射对称 Radial symmetry 透景线 Perspective line轴线 axis,axial line 主轴 Main axis副轴 Auxiliary axis 暗轴 Hidden axis,invisible axis 树冠线 skyline 园林色彩艺术 Art of garden colors单色谐调 Monochromatic harmony复色谐调 Compound chromatic harmony 对比色突出 Contrast colors accent近似色谐调 Approximate colors harmony暖色 Warm color 冷色 Cool color色感 Color sense传统园林traditional garden城市园林绿地系统urban gardens and greenbelts system景 view,scenery,feature远景 Distant view近景 Nearby view障景 Obstructive scenery,blocking view借景 Borrowed scenery,view borrowing对景 Opposite scenery,view in opposite place缩景 Miniature scenery,abbreviated scenery漏景 Leaking through scenery框景 Enframed scenery尾景 Terminal feature主景 Main feature副景 Secondary feature配景 Objective view夹景 Vista line,vista前景 Front view背景 background景序 Order of sceneries景点 Feature spot,view spot仰视景观 Upward landscape俯视景观 Downward landscape季相景观 Seasonal phenomena气象景观 Meteorological diversity scenery景观基础设施（Landscape as Infrastructure景观的城市（City As Landscape)景观设计学(landscape architecture) 最低设计minimum design减量(Reduce)十倍数俱乐部”(The Factor Ten Club)[再生系统(Regenerative system再生设计理论(Regenerative Design)[ 再利用(Reuse)再生(Recycle)生态工程(ecological engineering) “土地恋”(Topophilia)[“生物恋”(Biophilia审美生态(aesthetic visual ecology生态显露设计(eco-revelatory design 主园路Main garden road垃圾箱Trash校前区front campus area教学区﹑school districts, , , ,旧建筑改造区old construction area日常运动区daily exercise area宿舍区the dorm生态共享区ecological Shared area,体育运动区sports area生态大学城ecological University city校门前广场school before square,主入口广场main entrance plaza教学区中心广场school districts in central plaza, 景观平台platform landscape湖面the lake自然山体natural mountain座椅系统seat systems入口Entrance纪念性广场：Memorial Square市民性广场：The people of the Plaza 纪念性广场：Memorial Square带型广场：Strip-type square 中心型广场：Centered square 因地制宜：Local conditions 广场：Square尺度：Scale生态：Scale ecological: 软质景观：soft landscape 硬质景观：hard landscape 造景：Landscaping地面铺装：Floor Covering台阶：Step绿化植物：green Plants主题标志物：Subject markers 灯具：Lighting绿化的分类greening classification 行道树roadside trees景观树landscape tree景观小品：landscape pieces (垂直绿化Vertical Greening A--水生植物园aquatic plants娱乐公园amusement park植物公园ahead plants park高山植物园alpine garden附属绿地attached green space 中国古代园林ancient chinese garden 意境artistic conception不对称平衡asymmetrical balance 轴线axis/axial line道路系统approach system办公区administration area文化遗址ancient culture relic 竹园bamboo garden羽毛球场badminton court堤岸种植bank planting 阳台绿化balcony greening桥头绿化bridgehead green沼泽园Bog and marsh 植物园botanical garden巴洛克式园林baroque style garden借景borrowed scenery 缓冲绿地buffer green space 儿童泳池children's pool中心广场center plaza攀援绿化climber greening松柏园conifer garden城市公园city park综合公园comprehensive park文化公园culture park文化休憩公园cultural and recreationpark 中国古典园林classical chinesegarden冷色cool color色感color sense野营区camp site旱景dry landscape旱喷dry fountain旱溪dry stream车行道绿化driveway greening分车带绿化dividing stripe greening远景distant view俯视景观downlward landscape落叶绿篱downlward hedge(1)商业中心入口entrance to shopping ctr(2)健身广场exercise plaza(3)每栋建筑入口entrance paving to unit(4)特色入口entry feature(5)环境园艺学environmental horticulture(6)框景enframed scenery(7)封闭空间enclosure space(8)娱乐演出区entertaining performance place(1)特色踏步feature stepping stone(2)工厂绿化factory garden-ing(3)芳香花园fragrant garden(4)法兰西式园林French style garden(5)前景front view(6)景点feature spot(7)钓鱼区fishing center(8)规整式道路系统formal road system (1)江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta(2)园林空间garden space(3)绿地系统green space system(4)绿地资源green space resource(5)绿地效果green space effect(6)块状绿地green plot(7)点状绿地green spot(8)园林总体规划garden master planning(1)悬园Hanging Garden(2)暗轴hidden axis(3)历史古迹区historical relics area(4)宅园home garden(5)屋基石foundation stone(6)喷泉fountain(7)喷水池fountain pool(8)前庭front yardimage plan 形象规划implemeutary 实施规划indoor garden 室内花园in-motion viewing 动观in-position viewing 静观imperial palace garden 帝王宫苑Italian style garden 意大利式园林garden architeceure 园林建筑学garden engineering 园林工程garden and park 园林garden style 园林形式garden block planning 园林分区规划garden making 造园学geometric garden style 几何式园林green area 绿地面积garden art 园林艺术green space system 绿地系统green space layont 绿地布局Kitchen yard 厨园key stone 拱顶庄Karst lanscape 卡斯特地貌landscape ecology 园林生态landscape design 风景设计landscape garden city 园林城市landscape plan 风景规划landscape plant 园林植物lakeside plan 湖滨公园leaking through scenery 漏景lake view 湖泊景观1.main entrance gate 主入口大门2. mini amphi-theatre 小型露天剧场3. meditating plaza 交通广场4. main plaza 广场5. miniature landscape 盆景6. mass planting movement 群众绿化7. memorial park 纪念公园8. martyr memorial park 烈士纪念公园1. natural park 天然公园2. national park 国家公园3. neighborhood park 邻里公园4. nursery 苗圃5. natural landscape 自然景观6. necessary living space 必要生活空间7. no-admittance area 非游览区8. noiseproof green space 防备绿地1. out door café露天咖啡廊2. outdoor shower 户外淋浴3. ornamental horticulture 观赏植物学4. ornamental plant 观赏植物5. obstructive scenery 障景6. opposite scenery 对景7. objective view 配景8. order of sceneries 景序1. parking area 停车场2. pavilion 凉亭3. promenade 人行漫步道4. perennial garden 宿根园5. petty street garden 小游园6. paved garden 铺地园7. public green space 公共绿地8. private garden 私家园林Rocksculpture 石景雕塑Rock garden 石景园Rock plaza 石景广场Ratio of green coverage 绿地率Railway greening Railway planting 铁路绿化Roof greening 屋顶绿化Rose garden 蔷薇园Rock garden 假山园Rustic garden 乡趣园Roadside park street park 路边公园SSlide 旱冰道Swimming pool 游泳池Sculpture trail 雕塑小道Stair 台阶Street greening Street planting 街道绿化Sidewalk greening 人行道绿化Suburban greening 郊区绿化Street crossing center garden 街心花园School garden 学校园Seaside park 海滨公园Sculpture park 雕塑公园Sanatorium park 疗养公园Special park 特种公园Timber brige 大桥Rivewild 野趣小溪Treebattleformation 趣味树阵Trellis 特色花架Tenniscourt 网球场Terracingseatwall 阶梯坐台Tenislestucture 拉膜结构Tropicalplantsgarden 热带植物园Unity and variety 统一和变化Uoid 空隙Urbanization 城市化Ubiquitous 普遍存在Uncoordinated 不协调的Undulate 波动、起伏Urban fabric 城市肌理Underplanting 下树栽植Understory 树下叶层1．凡尔赛宫苑Versailles Palace Park 2．景view,scenery,feature 3．夹景又称“风景线” vista line,vista 4．视野 Visual field 5．视错觉 Visual illusion6．园林绿化比率ratio of spaceallotted to park and greenery) z 7．野趣小溪 river wild 8．石景雕塑rock sculpture w—1．迎宾景观weing feature 2．嬉水池wading pool3．蜿蜒水墙winding wall 4．窗台绿化window-sill greening 5．瀑布风景区waterfall sceni 6．漫步广场walkway plaza 7．水景园water garden 8．西方古典园林western classical garden 9．原始环境系统wilderness environment system 10．开敞空间wide open space,wide space 11．紫藤wisteria12．垂柳willowx---1．绿廊xystusY 1．圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden2．颐和园Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace 3．青少年活动区youngsters activities area 4．丝兰yuccaz---Z 1．动物园zoo一)良好的交通体系good traffic system(二)完整的空间环境意象complete space environment imagery(三)丰富的空间形式) rich space form(四)独特的景观构成unique composition传统与现代的融合Traditional and modern fusion自然与生命力的表达Natural and vitality expression文脉的延续Continuation of the Context设计理念design concept设计构思design idea建筑平面与空间设计architectural plane and space design立面与造型设计elevation and modelling design用地红线图the red line graph国家现行的相关规范、规定country active relevant specifications and rules休息设施rest facilities卫生设施sanitation facilities公用设施public facilities绿化设施Green Facilities环境的保护设施environment-protect facilities人与自然的和谐统一harmony between human and nature生态规划的内涵（Ecological planning implies）生态规划的目的（Ecological planning purposes）生态规划的原则（Ecological planning principles）生态规划的模式与分类（Planning and type of the ecological)生态规划步骤与内容(Ecological planning process and content)生态适宜分析方法及案例分析(Analysis and case studies）整体性原则Holistic approach principle趋适开拓原则Become the market principles协调共生原则Our principle of coordinated区域分异原则In the principle of regional高效和谐原则Harmonious principle of efficient可持续发展原则Sustainable development principles景观规划模式Landscape pattern景观生态学模式Ecological landscape pattern环境影响评价模式Environmental impact assessment model生态系统管理模式Ecosystem management乡村规划模式Rural planning model系统分析与模拟模式Systems analysis and simulation model保护人类健康，提供人类居住的良好环境To protect human health, human's good environment对土地资源、水资源等自然资源的合理利用Areas of land, water and natural resources rationally using保护自然生态系统的样性及完整性Natural ecosystems and biodiversity integrity保护人类健康，提供人类居住的良好环境To protect human health, human's good environment对土地资源、水资源等自然资源的合理利用Areas of land, water and natural resources rationally using保护自然生态系统的多样性及完整性Natural ecosystems and biodiversity integrity充分了解自然环境、自然资源的性能Fully understand the natural environment and natural resources of the performance追求系统的总体关系的协调Pursuit of the system of overall coordination。
注塑模具专业英语-Tooling_English讲解
模具专业英语培训——注塑模English Training——Injection Mold（一）模具专业基本用词Professional Terms1．塑料—plastic, resin2．样件—sample3．钢料—steel4．注塑机—injection machine, press5．产品—part, product, moulding6．模具—mold, mould, toolA 简易模（样板模）—prototype moldB 量产用模具—production mold 7．三维造型（数模）—model, 3D data8．二维产品图—2D part drawing9．设计—design10．制造—manufacture, build up, construction11．检验—check, inspection12．测量—measure, inspection13．修改—change, modify, correction14．工程更改—engineer change15．质量—quality16．数量—quantity17．基准—datum, reference（二）如何解析2D 产品图？How to read 2D part drawing?一．产品几何Geometry1．点—point2．线（边）—line, edge3．面faceA 侧面—sideB 表面—surfaceC 外观面—appearance surface 4．壁厚—wall thickness, stock thickness5．加强筋（骨位）—rib6．孔—hole7．细长的槽—slot8．柱位—boss9．角—cornerA 圆角—filletB 倒角—chamferC 尖角—sharp corner 10．斜度—angle, taper11. 凹槽—recess , groove二．分模信息Splitting1．分型线—parting line (P/L), splitting line2．主分模方向—main direction, line of draw3．浇口设定—gating三．产品标识Part Identification1．产品名称—part name (P/N)2．产品编号+版本号—part number + revision (Rev.)3．型腔号—cavity number4．材料标记—material symbol5．模具编号—mold number (no.)6．日期印—dating insert, date code7．循环印—cycling code8．公司标志—company logo四．技术要求Specification (Special Requirement)1．项目启动表Kick-off sheet1）项目名称—program name, project name2）产品名称—part name, product name, part description3）产品编号—part number (P/N)4）客户模号—customer mold no.5）项目启动日期—kick off date, start date6）项目完成日期—due date,lead time7）内模件用钢—tool steel8）型腔数量—number of cavities9）数模文件编号—data file no.10）注塑材料—resin, plastic, raw material11）收缩率—shrink, shrinkage, shrink factor12）注塑机吨位—molding machine size, injection machine size 13）成型周期—cycle time14）型腔光洁度—cavity polish15）型芯光洁度—core polish16）皮纹（晒纹）—texture, grain17）拔模斜度—draft angle, removal taper18）注塑件颜色及光泽—molded color & gloss19）模具加工地—manufacturing facility20）热流道供应商—manifold manufacturer, manifold supplier 21）浇口位置—gate location / position22）浇口类型—gate type23）产品标识—stamp information, part identification24）特殊要求—special instructions2．产品质量及外观要求Part Quality & Appearance1）尺寸及公差Dimension & Tolerance①重要尺寸—critical dimension, important dim., key dim.②理论尺寸—nominal dimension③实际尺寸—actual dimension④公差—tolerance⑤公差带—tolerance range⑥尺寸超差—dimension deviation⑦接受（合格）—accept, OK⑧拒绝（不合格）—reject, refuse, obsolete, NG⑨让步接受—concession, special admit⑩返工—re-work2）产品缺陷（较常见）Defects (normal)①缩印—sink mark, shrinkage②飞边—flash, burr③段差—mismatch discrepancy④银丝纹—snake marks, streak⑤弯曲—warpage, distortion⑥打不足（缺料）—short shot⑦熔接线—weld line3．产品外观Part Appearance①产品颜色—part color②产品光泽—gloss③皮纹粒度—grain4．常用词汇、词组及短语Normal Word, Short Sentence1）单边—per side2）双边—both sides3）加入，添加—add, incorporate4）去除，取消—remove, cancel5）满足…的要求，符合，与…要求一致—according to, conform to, satisfy, meet 6）要求，需要—require, need, demand7）确认—be approved, agreed by …8）允许—permit, allow9）在…范围之内—within10）不可以，不允许，禁止—free from, prevent, avoid11）…，除非有另指—…unless otherwise specified12）…或少于—…or less13）自动化运作—automatic operation14）未注尺寸（详细形状）见三维造型Non dimensioned contour (detailed shape) see 3D model.15）分型线上的飞边（披缝）或段差应小于…Burrs and discrepancy on the P/L shall be … or less.五．标题栏Title Block1．产品名称—part name2．图纸编号 + 版本号（索引号）—drawing no. + level (index)3．一般公差[的标准] —general tolerance（三）如何阅读制模标准？How to read tooling standard? 一．模具结构术语Mold Construction TerminologyA．模架Mold Base1．模架量化特征Measurement Feature①长X 宽X 高—Length X Width X Height②模具推高尺寸（模厚）—stack height of mould③模具重量—total weight of mould, mould thickness2．定模底板—front plate, top clamping plate, clamp plate, clamping plate 3．定模板—cavity plate, fixed mould plate, A – plate4．动模板—core plate, moving mould plate, B – plate5．支撑板—support plate, backing plate6．模脚—support blocks, rails, risers, spacer block7．顶杆固定板—retaining plate, ejector retaining plate8．顶板—ejector plate9．动模底板—back plate10．导柱—guide pillar, leader pin, guide pin11．导套—guide bush, leader pin bush12．复位杆—return pin, push-back pin13．弹簧—spring14．撑头—support pillar15．推板导柱、导套—ejection guide pin / bush16．挡钉—stop pin, stop button17．站立脚—standing-off pillars18．标牌—plaque scutcheonB．成型零部件moulding components19．型芯—core20．型腔—cavity21．镶针—core pin22．镶块—insert, split23．滑块—slide, sliding split24．斜顶—lifter, angled-lift splitA 斜顶头—lifter headB 斜顶杆—lifter rod, lifter shaft 25．成型顶杆—moulding face pin, form pinC．浇注系统Feed System1．塑料Mouldinga．主流道—sprueb．分流道runner①主分流道—main runner②二级分流道—branch runner分流道断面形状cross-sectional shape of runner①圆形—full round②半圆形—semicircular③梯形—trapezoidalc．浇口gate常用浇口形式normal gate type :①边缘浇口（J型浇口）—edge gate, J – gate②侧浇口—side gate③潜伏式浇口—sub-gate, cashew gate, subsurface gate, submarine gate④潜伏式二次浇口(隧道式浇口) —tunnel gate onto feeder post⑤点浇口—pin gate⑥直接浇口(主流道型浇口) —sprue gate, direct gate⑦护耳式浇口—tab gated．模腔—impressione．冷料井—cold slug wellf．热流道—hot runner2．模具零件mold componentsa．定位圈—locating ring, location ring, register ringb．浇口套—sprue bushc．挡圈—stop ringd．浇口镶块—gate inserte．热流道板—manifoldf．热嘴—hot dropD．分型面及其锁紧、排气Parting Surface, inter-locking & venting 1．分型线—parting line ( P/L )2．镶拼线—bodyline, joint line3．平/ 不平的分型面—flat / non – flat parting surface4．封胶面—shut off surfaces, seal-off surfaces5．擦位—shut off6．碰穿位—kiss-off7．管位—parting line lock8．分型面的释放(避空) —relief of parting surface9．分型面的平衡—balancing of parting surface10．锁紧角度—locking angle11．锁紧力—clamping force12．锁模板—safety strap13．精定位—Interlock, die lock14．困气—air trap15．排气槽—vent, vent slotE．滑块机构Slide1．驱动Actuation①斜导柱—angled pin, horn pin, cam pin②弹簧—spring③油缸—hydraulic cylinder2．制动Detention①滑块固定器—slide retainer②弹簧制动器—spring-loaded detention (plunger)③挡钉、挡板—stop pin, stop plate, slide stop3．导轨—gib, guide strip4．锁紧块（楔紧块）—heel block, locking heel, wedge block, chase block 5．耐磨片—wear plate, wear strip6．压板—retainer7．螺钉—screw8．定位销—dowelF．斜顶机构Lifter1．斜顶头—lifter head2．斜顶杆—lifter rod, lifter shaft3．开口销—split pin4．固定板（压板）—retainer plate5．耐磨片—wear plate6．铜导套—bronze bushing7．衬套—spacer8．导轨—L – gib9．滑动块—slideG．顶出系统Ejection System1．基本词汇Basic Word①顶出行程—ejection stroke②模具开档—daylight③粘模—stick④产品脱模—part is push off from, clear part of mould, separation of part 2．顶板机构Ejector plate assembly①顶板（推板）—ejector plate②顶板固定板—retaining plate③推板导柱—ejector guide pin④推板导套—ejector guide bush⑤撑头—support pillar, pillar support3．复位机构Return System①复位杆（回程杆）—return pin, push – back pin②挡钉—stop pin, stop button③压簧—compressed spring④碟簧—a stack of “Belleville” washers⑤早复位机构—early return system⑥强制复位机构—positive return system4．顶出方法Ejection Techniques1）顶杆顶出—pin ejection2）顶管顶出—sleeve ejection3）顶块顶出—bar ejection4）扁顶顶出—blade ejection5）顶板顶出—stripper ejection6）油缸顶出—hydraulic ejection7）气顶—air ejection8）阀门顶出—valve ejection5．顶出元件Ejection Elements1）拉料杆—sprue puller, sucker pin2）顶杆—ejector pin3）阶梯式顶杆—stepped ejector pin4）顶管—ejection sleeve, sleeve5）扁顶—ejector blade, slabbed off ejector pin6）顶块—stripper bar7）顶环—stripper ring8）推板—stripper plate9）加速顶—accelerated ejection6．顶出辅助机构Supplementary operating system1）弹簧柱塞器—spring – loaded plunger2）弹珠定位器—ball catch system3）插销式锁扣—Latch – lock4）尼龙拉杆装置—friction puller device7．电器元件Electric Components1）压力传感器—pressure transducer2）限位开关—limit switchF．冷却系统Cooling System1．基本词汇Basic Word1）温差—temperature variation2）水孔（水道）—waterlines, water-ways, flow-way, channel3）水路—cooling circuit4）水路示意图—water schematic, schematic circuit5）冷却液—coolant, coolant fluid6）内连接—interconnect7）外连接—external connection8）出口、入口—outlet、inlet9）漏水—water leakage2．水路分布Circuits1）阶梯式水路—stepped system2）喷淋—baffled hole system3）斜孔式水路—angled hole system3．水路元件Components1）闷头（螺塞、止水栓）—（threadless）brass pressure plug : female plug & male 2）隔水片—baffle3）密封圈—O – ring4）快插水路接头—quick disconnect fitting, quick connection adaptor5）弯头—elbow6）偶合器（连接器、接头）—adaptor (including a plug & a socket)7）橡皮管—rubber hose8）分水板—water manifoldG．螺纹、螺纹孔& 螺钉Thread, thread hole & screw1．螺纹—thread2．管螺纹—pipe thread3．螺纹孔—screw hole, tapped hole4．起吊孔—handling hole, jack screw hole, eye bolt hole5．螺钉—screw6．内六角螺钉—socket headed cap screw （s.h.c.s.）7．沉头螺钉—flat headed cap screw （f.h.c.s）8．螺栓—bolt, eye bolt9．螺母—nut10．锁紧螺母—locknut11．螺纹标准Thread Standard①公制标准—Metric②英制标准—Imperial③英制管螺纹标准—British Standard Pipe thread （BSP）④美制管螺纹标准—NPT⑤美制粗螺纹标准—United Coarse thread （UNC）⑥美制细螺纹标准—United Fine thread （UNF）H．润滑Lubrication1．润滑槽—grease groove2．加油管—grease line3．油杯—lubrication fittingI．测量仪器Measuring Instruments1．游标卡尺—vernier caliper2．千分尺—micrometer3．高度规—height gauge4．刻度规—dial gauge5．三坐标测量仪—Coordinate Measure Machine（CMM）6．塞规—pin gauge7．圆角量规—radii gauge8．輪廓投影機—profile projectorJ．注塑机参数Injection Machine Parameter1．注塑机规格参数Injection Machine Specification①锁紧类型clamp typea．油缸—hydraulic b．肘杆式—toggle②垂直注塑机导柱间距—tie bar vertical clearance③水平注塑机导柱间距—tie bar horizontal clearance④台板尺寸—platen dim.⑤最小/ 最大模厚—mold height Min. / Max., Min. / Max. mold thickness⑥最小/ 最大注塑机开档—open daylight Min. / Max.⑦锁紧行程—clamp stroke⑧锁紧力—clamping force⑨顶出行程—ejector stroke⑩顶出力—ejector force2．试模工艺参数Moulding Process Parameter, machine setting①时间Timer（TM）, seca．注塑（充填）时间—filling time, injection timeb．冷却时间—cooling timec．补缩时间—packing timed．保压时间—holding timee．成型周期—cycle time②速率、速度Velocity, %、speed, in/seca．注塑（充填）速度—injection speedb．保压速率—hold pressure velocityc．螺杆转速—screw rotation speed③压力Pressure（Prs.）, psia．注塑压力—injection pressureb．保压压力—hold pressurec．回压（背压）—back pressure④温度Temperature（Temp.）, °Fa．注塑机喷嘴温度—nozzle temp.b．料筒前段、中段、后段温度—barrel front、middle、rear temp.c．模温—mould temp.d．料温—purged resin melt temp.e．空射料温—air shot melt temp.关于注塑成型对产品造成的各种缺陷及解决方法(一)熔接痕熔接痕是由于来自不同方向的熔融树脂前端部分被冷却、在结合处未能完全融合而产生的。
00015英语(缩印版)
1. caravan 大篷车2. cater (to) 满足（某种需求）3. household 家庭、户，家常4. be adjacent to 与……相邻5. be identified with 与……有关系6. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs covers basic needs, safety needs, social needs, ego needs andself-actualization needs.7. In 1841, Thomas Cook organized an excursion from Leicester to Loughborough, at a fare of one shilling return and made great success.8. The most popular forms of accommodation in French rural areas are camping and caravans.9. It was Walt Disney who introduced the concept of the theme park.10. disposableincome 可支配收入11. discretionarytime 可自由支配时间12. ethnic tour 民俗风情游13. culturalheritage 文化遗产14. 食、住、行、游、购、娱构成了旅游的六大要素。
译：The six components of tourism invdvefood, accommodation, transportation, sightseeing, shopping and entertainment. 15. 生态旅游应当在经济效益、社会效益和环境效益上有利于当地社区。
译：Eco-tourism development should benefit the local communities economically, socially and environmentally.16. International tourism has become a form of large-scale international exchange with great importance and is still growing. It has not only enhanced understanding and friendship among the peoples of the world and promoted the world economy, but has also helped to strengthen the world peace.译：国际旅游已经成为一种极其重要的大规模的国际交往形式，这种交往不仅加强了世界各国人民之间的理解和友谊，而且有助于巩固世界和平。
英语考试专业术语和摘要翻译翻译缩印版
一．专业名词进程（process）线程（thread）日志文件（journal file）笔记本（notebook）信号量（semaphore）卸载（uninstaller）算法（Alorithm）队列（queue）深度优先（ depth-first search）广度优先（breadth first search）哈夫曼编码（Huffmancoding）海明码（Hamming code）大型机（mainframe ）工作站（work station/DEC station）点阵式打印机（dot matrixprinter）喷墨式打印机（inkjet printer）软盘（floppy disk）外设（peri（pheral）人机交互（Human-Computer Interaction）源代码(source code）源程序包（source package）流水线（Pipeline）主存（primary cache）高速缓存（cache）主键（primary key）外键（foreign key）辅助键（secondary key）二进制（binary）八进制（octonary）十进制（decimal）十六进制（Hexadecimal）会话层（session layer）完整性约束（integrityconstraint）表示层（ presentation layer）代理服务器（ProxyServer）企业内部网（intranet）集成测试（integration testing）压力测试（Pressure testing）异步的（Asynchronous）代理网关（proxy gateway）功能测试（functional testing ）GUI(Graphical User Interface图形用户接口) I/O redirection（Input/Output Redirection输入输出重定向）OLE （Object Linking and Embedding对象链接与嵌入）USB(Universal Serial Bus通用串行总线) UPS（Uninterruptible Power Supply不间断电源CAD(Computer Aided Design BBS(bulletin board system公告板ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning企业资源规划) DBMS(Database Management System数据库管理系统)TCP(Transmission Control Protocol传输控制协议) UDP(User Datagram Protocol用户数据报协议)OSI(Open System Interconnection开放系统互联) MIS（ Management Information System ）管理信息系统二．摘要翻译基于安卓的那个1. The Design and Implementation of Android Terminal Platform based on Mobile Learning Abstract: with the popularity of smart mobile terminals and the development of mobile learningareas, in order to facilitate learners use of mobile devices for learning, for Android developmentplatform, this paper puts forward the terminal based on Android platform of mobile learningplatform of architecture design and solutions. This system has realized the online learning,communication and location positioning function, greatly convenient for the user moving fast intheir spare time to learn. Online learning is the core function of this system, the subsystems meetthe requirements of the users for mobile learning. This thesis mainly do the following:1. The first introduces the development of mobile learning platform background and researchstatus at home and abroad, then introduces and analyses the key technologies to realize requiredfor mobile learning platform, then the research analyzed the feasibility of the system and thedemand of the system function analysis.2. According to the needs of users and the development of the current technology situation ofvarious modules design and introduces the ideas of each module, the user can learn by readingonline knowledge can interact and communicate.3. At last to test the function of the platform, to ensure the safety and stability of the platform,make each function can be normal use, to achieve the objective of the test.Keywords: Android. Mobile learning; Read online1.基于驾照考试的那个The Design and Implementation ofCoreJava- based driving test Abstract: with therapid development of social economy, the student driver a carmore and more people, the traditional paper-based test alreadycannot satisfy the needs of driving theory test, therefore,driving online examination system arises at the historic moment.This system by analyzing the status quo of the driver's licenseexamination theory part, expounds the feasibility of systemsolutions, based on the demand analysis, function module,coding. This system USES C/S structure, based on Windows XPplatform, with the aid of MyEclipse tools and oracle databasedesign. This system completed the basic functions, the driver'stest theory exam part and provides easy to expand, theframework of the driver's test system theory exam part for thefuture to further improve lay a good foundation. The theory ofinformation management system allows the driver's test testpart information, automation, to realize the standardization ofthe driver's license examination theory part, efficient,systematic and integrated.Key words: Java; Driving test; The MVC pattern基于web在线考试的那个The Design and Implementation of Online Examination System WEB- based Abstract:the online examination system can realize the paperless management, make the examination more convenient and objective, realize the test across regionalization. The system includes test subject management, test question management, user registration, user test, wrong topic set management, history examination paper management, personal information maintenance user management, and other functions. Thisthesis mainly studied the JAVA online examination system analysis, design and development of the entire process. The content of this graduation design is to design and implement an on-line examination system based on web technology, thus the system is mainly based on the development ofthe j2EE, mainly using the struts 2 + spring + hibernate, the combination ofa variety of framework using myeclipse as development tools, with MYSQL as a database, to Macromedia Dreamweaver as interface beautification tool, use JAVA language development, take the JSP page dynamic page technology development. The system interface is simple and convenient operation, easy to maintain. Keywords: online examination system; JAVA; The JSP订单系统的那个：The Design and Implementation of Qingdao and Logistics Company's Ordering System Abstract: With the development of computer technology, the order management system become an integral part of every enterprise. Logistics company is not exceptional also, good running order management is not only beneficial to the enterprise to improve competition force, and makes an enterprise resource optimization configuration. According to the characteristicsof the logistics company unique, designed as a front-enddevelopment language with c #, SQL servlets 2005 order management system for background database of logistics company. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) introduces the order management system running environment and related technology, understand the relevant knowledge of system development.(2) in the feasibility study on the system and based on the analysis of the demand, order management system for the overall design and detailed design, the detailed design stage according to the characteristics of the logistics company order system, proposed the idea to the realization of the core modules, and draw program flow chart. (3) the design is suitable for the test plan and test case of this system, finally achieve the purpose of the test. Key words: ; The order management system; And logistics company; C #。
模具专业英语培训注塑模
模具专业英语培训——注塑模English Training——Injection Mold（一）模具专业基本用词Professional Terms1．塑料—plastic, resin2．样件—sample3．钢料—steel4．注塑机—injection machine, press5．产品—part, product, moulding6．模具—mold, mould, toolA 简易模（样板模）—prototype moldB 量产用模具—production mold 7．三维造型（数模）—model, 3D data8．二维产品图—2D part drawing9．设计—design10．制造—manufacture, build up, construction11．检验—check, inspection12．测量—measure, inspection13．修改—change, modify, correction14．工程更改—engineer change15．质量—quality16．数量—quantity17．基准—datum, reference（二）如何解析2D 产品图？How to read 2D part drawing?一．产品几何Geometry1．点—point2．线（边）—line, edge3．面faceA 侧面—sideB 表面—surfaceC 外观面—appearance surface 4．壁厚—wall thickness, stock thickness5．加强筋（骨位）—rib6．孔—hole7．细长的槽—slot8．柱位—boss9．角—cornerA 圆角—filletB 倒角—chamferC 尖角—sharp corner 10．斜度—angle, taper11. 凹槽—recess , groove二．分模信息Splitting1．分型线—parting line (P/L), splitting line2．主分模方向—main direction, line of draw3．浇口设定—gating三．产品标识Part Identification1．产品名称—part name (P/N)2．产品编号+版本号—part number + revision (Rev.)3．型腔号—cavity number4．材料标记—material symbol5．模具编号—mold number (no.)6．日期印—dating insert, date code7．循环印—cycling code8．公司标志—company logo四．技术要求Specification (Special Requirement)1．项目启动表Kick-off sheet1）项目名称—program name, project name2）产品名称—part name, product name, part description3）产品编号—part number (P/N)4）客户模号—customer mold no.5）项目启动日期—kick off date, start date6）项目完成日期—due date,lead time7）内模件用钢—tool steel8）型腔数量—number of cavities9）数模文件编号—data file no.10）注塑材料—resin, plastic, raw material11）收缩率—shrink, shrinkage, shrink factor12）注塑机吨位—molding machine size, injection machine size 13）成型周期—cycle time14）型腔光洁度—cavity polish15）型芯光洁度—core polish16）皮纹（晒纹）—texture, grain17）拔模斜度—draft angle, removal taper18）注塑件颜色及光泽—molded color & gloss19）模具加工地—manufacturing facility20）热流道供应商—manifold manufacturer, manifold supplier 21）浇口位置—gate location / position22）浇口类型—gate type23）产品标识—stamp information, part identification24）特殊要求—special instructions2．产品质量及外观要求Part Quality & Appearance1）尺寸及公差Dimension & Tolerance①重要尺寸—critical dimension, important dim., key dim.②理论尺寸—nominal dimension③实际尺寸—actual dimension④公差—tolerance⑤公差带—tolerance range⑥尺寸超差—dimension deviation⑦接受（合格）—accept, OK⑧拒绝（不合格）—reject, refuse, obsolete, NG⑨让步接受—concession, special admit⑩返工—re-work2）产品缺陷（较常见）Defects (normal)①缩印—sink mark, shrinkage②飞边—flash, burr③段差—mismatch discrepancy④银丝纹—snake marks, streak⑤弯曲—warpage, distortion⑥打不足（缺料）—short shot⑦熔接线—weld line3．产品外观Part Appearance①产品颜色—part color②产品光泽—gloss③皮纹粒度—grain4．常用词汇、词组及短语Normal Word, Short Sentence1）单边—per side2）双边—both sides3）加入，添加—add, incorporate4）去除，取消—remove, cancel5）满足…的要求，符合，与…要求一致—according to, conform to, satisfy, meet 6）要求，需要—require, need, demand7）确认—be approved, agreed by …8）允许—permit, allow9）在…范围之内—within10）不可以，不允许，禁止—free from, prevent, avoid11）…，除非有另指—…unless otherwise specified12）…或少于—…or less13）自动化运作—automatic operation14）未注尺寸（详细形状）见三维造型Non dimensioned contour (detailed shape) see 3D model.15）分型线上的飞边（披缝）或段差应小于…Burrs and discrepancy on the P/L shall be … or less.五．标题栏Title Block1．产品名称—part name2．图纸编号 + 版本号（索引号）—drawing no. + level (index)3．一般公差[的标准] —general tolerance（三）如何阅读制模标准？How to read tooling standard?一．模具结构术语Mold Construction TerminologyA．模架Mold Base1．模架量化特征Measurement Feature①长X 宽X 高—Length X Width X Height②模具推高尺寸（模厚）—stack height of mould③模具重量—total weight of mould, mould thickness2．定模底板—front plate, top clamping plate, clamp plate, clamping plate 3．定模板—cavity plate, fixed mould plate, A – plate4．动模板—core plate, moving mould plate, B – plate5．支撑板—support plate, backing plate6．模脚—support blocks, rails, risers, spacer block7．顶杆固定板—retaining plate, ejector retaining plate8．顶板—ejector plate9．动模底板—back plate10．导柱—guide pillar, leader pin, guide pin11．导套—guide bush, leader pin bush12．复位杆—return pin, push-back pin13．弹簧—spring14．撑头—support pillar15．推板导柱、导套—ejection guide pin / bush16．挡钉—stop pin, stop button17．站立脚—standing-off pillars18．标牌—plaque scutcheonB．成型零部件moulding components19．型芯—core20．型腔—cavity21．镶针—core pin22．镶块—insert, split23．滑块—slide, sliding split24．斜顶—lifter, angled-lift splitA 斜顶头—lifter headB 斜顶杆—lifter rod, lifter shaft 25．成型顶杆—moulding face pin, form pinC．浇注系统Feed System1．塑料Mouldinga．主流道—sprueb．分流道runner①主分流道—main runner②二级分流道—branch runner分流道断面形状cross-sectional shape of runner①圆形—full round②半圆形—semicircular③梯形—trapezoidalc．浇口gate常用浇口形式normal gate type :①边缘浇口（J型浇口）—edge gate, J – gate②侧浇口—side gate③潜伏式浇口—sub-gate, cashew gate, subsurface gate, submarine gate④潜伏式二次浇口(隧道式浇口) —tunnel gate onto feeder post⑤点浇口—pin gate⑥直接浇口(主流道型浇口) —sprue gate, direct gate⑦护耳式浇口—tab gated．模腔—impressione．冷料井—cold slug wellf．热流道—hot runner2．模具零件mold componentsa．定位圈—locating ring, location ring, register ringb．浇口套—sprue bushc．挡圈—stop ringd．浇口镶块—gate inserte．热流道板—manifoldf．热嘴—hot dropD．分型面及其锁紧、排气Parting Surface, inter-locking & venting1．分型线—parting line ( P/L )2．镶拼线—bodyline, joint line3．平/ 不平的分型面—flat / non – flat parting surface4．封胶面—shut off surfaces, seal-off surfaces5．擦位—shut off6．碰穿位—kiss-off7．管位—parting line lock8．分型面的释放(避空) —relief of parting surface9．分型面的平衡—balancing of parting surface10．锁紧角度—locking angle11．锁紧力—clamping force12．锁模板—safety strap13．精定位—Interlock, die lock14．困气—air trap15．排气槽—vent, vent slotE．滑块机构Slide1．驱动Actuation①斜导柱—angled pin, horn pin, cam pin②弹簧—spring③油缸—hydraulic cylinder2．制动Detention①滑块固定器—slide retainer②弹簧制动器—spring-loaded detention (plunger)③挡钉、挡板—stop pin, stop plate, slide stop3．导轨—gib, guide strip4．锁紧块（楔紧块）—heel block, locking heel, wedge block, chase block 5．耐磨片—wear plate, wear strip6．压板—retainer7．螺钉—screw8．定位销—dowelF．斜顶机构Lifter1．斜顶头—lifter head2．斜顶杆—lifter rod, lifter shaft3．开口销—split pin4．固定板（压板）—retainer plate5．耐磨片—wear plate6．铜导套—bronze bushing7．衬套—spacer8．导轨—L – gib9．滑动块—slideG．顶出系统Ejection System1．基本词汇Basic Word①顶出行程—ejection stroke②模具开档—daylight③粘模—stick④产品脱模—part is push off from, clear part of mould, separation of part 2．顶板机构Ejector plate assembly①顶板（推板）—ejector plate②顶板固定板—retaining plate③推板导柱—ejector guide pin④推板导套—ejector guide bush⑤撑头—support pillar, pillar support3．复位机构Return System①复位杆（回程杆）—return pin, push – back pin②挡钉—stop pin, stop button③压簧—compressed spring④碟簧—a stack of ―Belleville‖ washers⑤早复位机构—early return system⑥强制复位机构—positive return system4．顶出方法Ejection Techniques1）顶杆顶出—pin ejection2）顶管顶出—sleeve ejection3）顶块顶出—bar ejection4）扁顶顶出—blade ejection5）顶板顶出—stripper ejection6）油缸顶出—hydraulic ejection7）气顶—air ejection8）阀门顶出—valve ejection5．顶出元件Ejection Elements1）拉料杆—sprue puller, sucker pin2）顶杆—ejector pin3）阶梯式顶杆—stepped ejector pin4）顶管—ejection sleeve, sleeve5）扁顶—ejector blade, slabbed off ejector pin6）顶块—stripper bar7）顶环—stripper ring8）推板—stripper plate9）加速顶—accelerated ejection6．顶出辅助机构Supplementary operating system1）弹簧柱塞器—spring – loaded plunger2）弹珠定位器—ball catch system3）插销式锁扣—Latch – lock4）尼龙拉杆装置—friction puller device7．电器元件Electric Components1）压力传感器—pressure transducer2）限位开关—limit switchF．冷却系统Cooling System1．基本词汇Basic Word1）温差—temperature variation2）水孔（水道）—waterlines, water-ways, flow-way, channel3）水路—cooling circuit4）水路示意图—water schematic, schematic circuit5）冷却液—coolant, coolant fluid6）内连接—interconnect7）外连接—external connection8）出口、入口—outlet、inlet9）漏水—water leakage2．水路分布Circuits1）阶梯式水路—stepped system2）喷淋—baffled hole system3）斜孔式水路—angled hole system3．水路元件Components1）闷头（螺塞、止水栓）—（threadless）brass pressure plug : female plug & male 2）隔水片—baffle3）密封圈—O – ring4）快插水路接头—quick disconnect fitting, quick connection adaptor5）弯头—elbow6）偶合器（连接器、接头）—adaptor (including a plug & a socket)7）橡皮管—rubber hose8）分水板—water manifoldG．螺纹、螺纹孔& 螺钉Thread, thread hole & screw1．螺纹—thread2．管螺纹—pipe thread3．螺纹孔—screw hole, tapped hole4．起吊孔—handling hole, jack screw hole, eye bolt hole5．螺钉—screw6．内六角螺钉—socket headed cap screw （s.h.c.s.）7．沉头螺钉—flat headed cap screw （f.h.c.s）8．螺栓—bolt, eye bolt9．螺母—nut10．锁紧螺母—locknut11．螺纹标准Thread Standard①公制标准—Metric②英制标准—Imperial③英制管螺纹标准—British Standard Pipe thread （BSP）④美制管螺纹标准—NPT⑤美制粗螺纹标准—United Coarse thread （UNC）⑥美制细螺纹标准—United Fine thread （UNF）H．润滑Lubrication1．润滑槽—grease groove2．加油管—grease line3．油杯—lubrication fittingI．测量仪器Measuring Instruments1．游标卡尺—vernier caliper2．千分尺—micrometer3．高度规—height gauge4．刻度规—dial gauge5．三坐标测量仪—Coordinate Measure Machine（CMM）6．塞规—pin gauge7．圆角量规—radii gauge8．輪廓投影機—profile projectorJ．注塑机参数Injection Machine Parameter1．注塑机规格参数Injection Machine Specification①锁紧类型clamp typea．油缸—hydraulic b．肘杆式—toggle②垂直注塑机导柱间距—tie bar vertical clearance③水平注塑机导柱间距—tie bar horizontal clearance④台板尺寸—platen dim.⑤最小/ 最大模厚—mold height Min. / Max., Min. / Max. mold thickness⑥最小/ 最大注塑机开档—open daylight Min. / Max.⑦锁紧行程—clamp stroke⑧锁紧力—clamping force⑨顶出行程—ejector stroke⑩顶出力—ejector force2．试模工艺参数Moulding Process Parameter, machine setting①时间Timer（TM）, seca．注塑（充填）时间—filling time, injection timeb．冷却时间—cooling timec．补缩时间—packing timed．保压时间—holding timee．成型周期—cycle time②速率、速度Velocity, %、speed, in/seca．注塑（充填）速度—injection speedb．保压速率—hold pressure velocityc．螺杆转速—screw rotation speed③压力Pressure（Prs.）, psia．注塑压力—injection pressureb．保压压力—hold pressurec．回压（背压）—back pressure④温度Temperature（Temp.）, °Fa．注塑机喷嘴温度—nozzle temp.b．料筒前段、中段、后段温度—barrel front、middle、rear temp.c．模温—mould temp.d．料温—purged resin melt temp.e．空射料温—air shot melt temp.关于注塑成型对产品造成的各种缺陷及解决方法(一)熔接痕熔接痕是由于来自不同方向的熔融树脂前端部分被冷却、在结合处未能完全融合而产生的。
牛津词典缩印版和标准
牛津词典缩印版和标准牛津词典作为世界上最权威的英语词典之一，一直以其丰富的词汇量、准确的释义和权威的语言规范而著称。
而在市面上，我们常见到的牛津词典有标准版和缩印版两种版本。
它们各自有着不同的特点和用途，下面我们将对这两种版本进行比较和介绍。
首先，我们来看看牛津词典的标准版。
标准版的牛津词典通常是大而厚重的，它们包含了丰富的词汇量和详尽的释义，适合于英语学习者、专业人士以及对语言有较高要求的人士使用。
标准版的牛津词典在解释词义、引用例句、语法解释等方面都非常全面，可以满足用户对词汇和语言知识的全面需求。
此外，标准版的牛津词典还会不定期进行更新和修订，以确保其中的内容与时俱进，符合当代英语的使用规范。
而与标准版相对应的，就是牛津词典的缩印版了。
缩印版的牛津词典相比标准版来说，体积更小、重量更轻，更加便于携带和使用。
虽然在词汇量和释义方面可能没有标准版那么详尽，但缩印版的牛津词典仍然包含了大部分常用词汇和基本释义，可以满足大部分日常使用的需求。
对于一般用户来说，缩印版的牛津词典已经足够使用，而且价格相对标准版也更加亲民。
因此，对于一般人士来说，选择缩印版的牛津词典也是一个不错的选择。
在选择牛津词典的时候，我们需要根据自己的实际需求来进行选择。
如果是英语专业学生、研究人员或者从事相关工作的人士，标准版的牛津词典无疑是最好的选择，因为它们包含了更加丰富和专业的内容，能够满足他们对语言知识的深入需求。
而对于一般用户来说，缩印版的牛津词典已经足够使用，不仅可以满足日常的查阅需求，而且价格更加亲民，更加适合普通用户购买和使用。
总的来说，牛津词典无论是标准版还是缩印版，都是非常值得推荐的英语学习工具。
无论你是英语学习者、专业人士还是一般用户，都可以根据自己的实际需求来选择适合自己的版本，以便更好地学习和使用英语。
希望本文对你选择牛津词典有所帮助。
自考英语二词汇表缩印版
agreatdeal：大量，许多agreatmany：很多avarietyof：种种；若干不同的ability：n.能力，能耐abilitytodo：做…的能力able：a.有才能的，能够的abolish：vt.废除（法律，习惯等）；取消above：prep.在…之上aboveall：首先，首要abroad：ad.到国外；在国外absent：a.缺席，不在absolute：a.绝对的，完全的absolutely：ad.完全地，绝对地；肯定地abstract：a.抽象的n.摘要，梗概vt.提取absurda.荒谬的absurdity：n.荒谬abuse：vt./n.滥用，妄用；虐待，凌辱academic：a.学院的，学会的；学术的accent：n.重音；口音acceptable：a.可以接受的access：n.通道，入口；accessible：a.易接近的；易受影响的（to）accident：n.意外；偶然事故accompany：vt.陪伴，陪同；伴随，一起发生accomplish：vt.完成（任务等）accomplishment：n.完成；成就；[pl.]造诣accordance：n.一致，和谐；符合according：ad.（与to构成介词）按照，根据accordingly：ad.相应地accordingto：根据…account：n.叙述，说明；帐户vi.说明accountability：n.有解释义务；负有责任accumulatevt.积累，积聚accuracy：n.准确（性），精确（性）accurate：a.准确的，精确的accurately：ad.准确的，精确地ache：vi/n.疼痛achieve：vt.完成achievement：n.完成，达到；成就，成绩achive：vt.完成，实现，达到，得到acid：n.酸，酸性物质a.酸的acknowledge：vt.承认；表示感谢acquaintance：n.认识，了解；相识的人acquire：vt.获得，得到acronym：n.首字母缩略词across：ad.交叉，横过act：n.行为，举动actas：（林市）担任，充当，起…作用acton：遵照…行为，奉行；作用于，影响actout：将…表演出来，（用行动）表示出来action：n.行动；作用（on）activate：vt.使活动，使起作用active：a.活动的；活跃的activity：n.活动，活跃；行动actor：n.男演员actual：a.实际的；真实的adapt：vt.使适应，使适合；改编vi.适应（to）adapt……to：使…适应…add：v.增加addupto：总和是，[口]总起来意味着addition：n.加，加法；附加物additional：a.附加的，追加的；另外的address：n.地址，住址adequate：a.充足的，充分的；胜任的adjective：n.形容词adjust：vt.调整，调节；校准adjustment：n.调整administration：n.管理，经营；行政admire：vt.钦佩，赞美，赞赏admit：vt.承认，供认；准许…进入admission：承认，供认；准许进入，准许加入adolescent：n.青少年a.青春期的；青少年的adopt：vt.采取，采用；正式通过；收养advance：vi.前进，取得进展n.前进，进展；advanced：a.高等的advantage：n.优点，优越；好处advantageous：a.有利的，有助的adventure：n.冒险，奇遇adversely：ad.相反地；不利地，有害地advertise：vt./vi.为…做广告；登广告advertisement：n.（简写为ad）广告advice：n.劝告advise：vt.忠告，劝告affair：n.事情，事件affect：vt.影响，打动）afflict：vt.使苦恼，折磨afraid：a.害怕的Africa：n.非洲African：n.非洲的after：prep.在…后afterall：毕竟；终究afternoon：n.下午afterward：ad.然后again：ad.又against：prep.反抗aged：a.年老的，老的agent：n.代理人，代理商；起作用的人或物aggression：n.侵犯，侵略aggressive：a.侵略的，好斗的；有进取心的aggressiveness：n.侵犯，侵略；进取精神agreement：n.同意agricultural：a.农业的ahead：在…前aheadof：在…前aid：vt.帮助aim：n.目标aimfor：瞄准；以…为目标airplane：n.飞机alarm：n.警报；惊恐vt.向…报警；打扰alarming：a.惊人的，吓人的alert：a.警觉，警惕的（to）；活泼的alike：a.同样的，相像的alive：a.活着all：a.全部pron.全部allthesame：仍然，尽管如此allege：vt.断言，宣称allocate：vt.分配，分派；把…拨给allocate……for：分配给…；配给allow：vt.允许almost：ad.几乎alone：a.单独的along：prep.沿着；往前aloud：ad.大声地alphabetize：vt.按字母顺序排列already：ad.已经also：ad.也alter：vt./vi.改变，改动alternative：a.供选择的东西；抉择although：conj.虽然altogether：ad.完全地always：ad.总是America：美洲American：n.美国人among：prep.在…之中amount：n.数量，数额，总数vi.合计，共计amountto：达到，总计，相当于，等于amplifier：n.放大器amusement：n.娱乐，消遣anaesthetics：n.麻醉学analysis：n.（[复]analyses）分析；分解analyze：vt.分析ancestor：n.祖先，祖宗ancient：a.古代的，古老的andsoon：等等andthelike：等等，诸如此类anger：n.愤怒vt.使发怒，激怒vi.发怒angry：a.生气的animal：n.动物animated：a.栩栩如生的；生气勃勃的announce：v.宣布announcement：n.通告，布告，告示anonymous：a.匿名的，无名的，姓氏不明的another：a.另外的answer：vt.回答ant：n.蚂蚁antithesis：n.对欧，（修辞学）对句antiwar：a.反战的anxiety：n.焦虑，挂念；渴望，热望anxious：a.焦急的anybody：pron.任何人anyhow：ad.无论如何anyone：pron.任何人anything：pron.任何事anywhere：ad.无论何处apart：ad.分离，分开apartfrom：除去，撇开，除…之外apartheid：n.种族隔离，种族隔离法ape：n.无尾猿，类人猿vt.模仿，学…的样apparatus：n.器械，器具，设备apparently：ad.显然地；表面上，似乎appear：vi.出现appearance：n.出现，露面；外观，外表appetite：n.食欲，胃口；欲望apple：n.苹果appliance：n.应用，适用；用具，器械applicant：n.申请人，请求者application：n.申请，申请表；应用，实施apply：vi.申请，请求；适用vt.应用，运用applyfor：申请applyoneself：减少对…之消耗量appoint：vt.任命，委任（as）；约定，指定appointment：n.任命；约会appreciate：vt.欣赏，鉴赏；正确评价，鉴别appreciation：n.欣赏，鉴赏；正确评价approach：vt.靠近，接近n.接近；approachto：…的态度（方法等）appropriate：a.适合的，恰当的，相宜的approval：n.批准，通过；赞成，同意approve：vt.赞成，同意；批准，核准approximate：a.近似的，大约的v.近似approximateto：与…接近approximately：ad.近似地，大约地aptly：ad.恰当地，贴切地；灵巧地argue：vt./vi.争辨，争论，辩论；说服argument：n.争论，辩论；论据，理由arise：vi.出现，发生；（from）由…引起aristocracy：n.贵族统治；贵族aristocratic：a.贵族的；贵族式的around：ad.周围，四周arouse：vt.引起，机器；唤起，唤醒arrange：v.安排，排列，筹划，整理arrangement：n.安排；整理，布置arrive：vi.到达artificial：a.人工的，人造的；假的artist：n.艺术家，美术家asamatteroffact：事实上，其实asaresult：（插入语）作为结果，因此asaresultof：作为……结果asarule：通常；一般说来asawhole：作为一个整体；总的来说asfor：至于；关于asfreshaspaint：精神饱满asif：好像，似乎，仿佛asthesayinggoes：正如俗语所说asto：至于，关于aswell：也，又；同样地aswellas：除…之外（也）；和asyet：到目前为止，到当时为止ashamed：a.害羞的aside：ad.在旁边，到（或向）一边askfor：请求，向…要；寻找asleep：a.睡着的aspect：n.方面，外表。
缩印2002-2014专四dictation
（2002: Disappearing Forests） The world’s forests are disappearing. As much as 1/3 of the total tree cover has been lost since agriculture began some 10,000 years ago. The remaining forests are home to half of the world’s species, thus becoming the chief re source for their survival. Tropical rain forests once covered 12% of the land of the planet, as well as supporting at least half of the world’s species of plants and animals. These rain forests are home to millions of people. But there are other demands on them. For example, much has been cut for timber. An increasing amount of forest land has been used for industrial purposes or for agricultural development such as crop-growing. By the 1990’s less than half of the earth’s original rain forests remained, an d they continued to disappear at an alarming rate every year. As a result the world’s forests are now facing gradual extinction. （）（2003: Salmon ）Every year, millions of salmon swim from the ocean into the mouths of rivers and then steadily up the rivers. Passing through waters, around rocks and waterfalls, the fish finally reach their original streams or lakes. They dig out nests in the riverbed and lay their eggs. Then, exhausted by their journey, the parent salmon die. They have finished the task that nature has given them. Months, or years later, the young fish start their trip to the ocean. They live in the salt water from 2-7 years, until they, too are ready to swim back to reproduce. Their life cycle helps man provide himself with a basic food-fish. When the adult salmon gather at the river mouths for the annual trip up the rivers, they are in the best possible condition, and nearly every harbor has its salmon fishing fleet ready to catch thousandsformarkets.（2004:Money ）Money is accepted across the world as payment for goods or services. People use money to buy food, clothes and hundreds of other things. In the past, many different things were used as money. People on Pacific islands once exchanged shells for goods. The Chinese used cloth and knives. In Africa, elephant tusks or salt were used. Even today, some people in Africa are still paid in salt. Coins were first invented by the Chinese. Originally, they were round pieces of metal with a hole in the center, so that a piece of string could keep them together. This made doing business much easier, but people still found coins inconvenient to carry when they wanted to buy something expensive. To solve this problem, the Chinese again came up with the solution. They began to use paper money for coins. Now paper notes are used throughout the world. （2005:The Wrist Watch） It is generally believed that wrist watches are an exception to the normal sequence in the evolution of man's jewelry.Reversing the usual order, they were first worn by women, and then adopted by men.In the old days, queens included wrist watches among their crown jewelry. / Later, they were worn by Swiss workers and farmers.Until World War I，Americans associated the watch with fortune hunters.Then army officers discovered that the wrist watch was most practical for active combat. Race car drivers also loved to wear wrist watches,and pilots found them most useful while flying.Soon men dared to wear wrist watches without feeling self-conscious. by 1924, some 30 percent of man's watches were worn on the wrist. Today, the figure is 90 percent. And they are now worn by both men and women for practical purposes rather than for decoration. （2006:The Internet）The Internet is the most significant progress in the field of communications.Imagine a book that never ends,a library with a million floors, or imagine a research project with thousands of scientists working around the clock forever.This is the magic of the Internet.Yet the Internet has the potential for good and bad.One can find well-organized, information-rich websites.At the same time, one can also find wasteful websites.Most websites are known as different Internet applications.These include online games,chatrooms (chartrooms) and so on、These applications have great power, too.Sometimes the power can be so great / that young people may easily become victims to their attraction. /So we need to recognize the seriousness of the problem. We must work together to use its power for better ends2007: Advertising Advertising has already become a specialized activity in modern times. In today’s business world, supply is usually greater than demand. There is great competition between manufacturers of the same kind of product because they want to persuade customers to buy their particular brand. They always have to remind their customers of the name and qualities of their products by advertising. The manufacture advertises in newspapers and on the radio. He sometimes employs sales girls to distribute samples of their products. He sometimes advertises on the Internet as well. In addition, he always has advertisements put into television programs that will accept them. Manufactures often spend huge sums of money on advertisements. We buy a particular product because we think that is the best. We usually think so because the advertisements say so. People often don’t ask themselves if the advertisements are telling the truth when they buy advertised products from shops 2008.Choosing A Career When students graduate from college, many of them do not know how they want to spend their working lives and they sometimes move from job to job, until they find something that suits them and of equally importance to which they are suited. Others never find a job in which they are really happy. They remain all their lives square pegs in round holes. When we choose our careers we need to ask ourselves two questions. First, what do we think we would like to be? Second, what kind of people are we? The idea, for example of being a painter or a musician may seem very attractive, but unless we have great talent, and are willing to work very hard. We are certain to fail in these occupations and failure will lead to unhappiness in life. So it is important to assess our suitability for a certain career in job search. 2009: 2009 New Year’s Eve For many people in the west, New Year’s Eve is the biggest party of the year. It’s time to get together with friends or family and welcome in the coming year. New Year’s parties can take place in different places. Some people hold a house party; others attend street parties, while some just go for a few drinks with their friends. Big cities have large and spectacular fireworks displays. There is one thing that all New Year’s Eve parties have in common, the countdown to midnight. When the clock strikes 12, people give a loud cheer and sing songs. It’s also popular to make a promise in the New Year. This is called a New Year’s resolution. Typical resolutions include giving up smoking and keeping fit. However the promise is often broken quite quickly and people are back into their bad habits within weeks or days. 2010 Freshmen’s week The UK has a well-respected higher education system and some of the top universities and research institutions in the world. But to those who are new to it all, it can be overwhelming and sometimes confusing.October is usually the busiest month in the academic calendar. Universities have something called freshman’s Week for their newcomers. It's a great opportunity to make new friends, join lots of clubs and settle into university life.However, having just left the comfort of home and all your friends behind, the prospect of meeting lots of strangers in big halls can be nerve-wracking. Where do you start? Who should you make friends with? Which clubs should you join? Luckily, there will be thousands of others in the same boat as you worrying about starting their university social life on the right foot. So just take it all in slowly. Don't rush into anything that you'll regret for the next three years. : 2011，British holidaying habits In the late 1970s, air travel becameaffordable for the average family in the UK, and more people started travelling abroad for their summer holidays. After all, the British weather wasn’t very good, even in summer, so a lot of people left the country for a vacation. In the 1980s and 1990s, young people in the UK became wealthier on average. As a result, they started to go abroad in groups, to places such as Spain and Greece. Once they arrived at their destination, they met with other groups of young people and had one long party. British holidaying habits have begun to change, however. Climate change means that the UK now has a hotter climate, so people do not need to go overseas to find good weather. Also, going abroad is more expensive. As a result, more British people are choosing to spend their summer holidays in theUK., 2012:Eco-tourism Nowadays, many of us try to live in a way that will damage the environment as little as possible. We recycle our newspapers and bottles, we take public transport to get to work, we try to buy locally produced fruit and vegetables，and we want to take these attitudes on holiday with us. This is why alternative forms of tourism are becoming popular in the world. There are a lot of names for these new forms of tourism: responsible tourism, nature tourism, adventure tourism, educational tourism and more. Although everyone may have a different definition, most people agree that these new forms of tourism should do the following: first, they should conserve the wildlife and culture of the area; second, they should benefit the local people; third, they should make a profit without destroying natural resources; and finally they should provide an experience that tourists want to pay for. 2013年 What is a dream for One theory is that we dream to release the deep, secret desires. We do not express these desires in real life because of the rules of polite society. Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the solution. This may be a way to use our dreams rather than a purpose of dreaming. If you believe that your dreams are important then analysing them may help you to focus on the problem and help you to find the solution. The modern image is that dreams are the brain’s way of cleaning up the computer’s hard disk. Dreams organize the events of the day into folders and delete what is not needed. But we all know that very little of what we dream is concerned with what happened to us that day. （2014年）Limiting the growth of technology throughout history man has changed his physical environment to improve his way of life. With the tools of technology man has altered many physical features of the earth. He has transformed wood lands into farmland: He has modified the face of the earth by cutting through mountains to build roads and railways. However these changes in the physical environment have not always had beneficial results. Today, pollution of the planet. Each day, thousands of tons of gases come out of the vehicles: smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding countryside. The air in cities is becoming increasingly unhealthy. The pollution of water is equally harmful. In the sea, pollution from oil is killing a lot of sea plant and fish. It is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to survive on the earth.。
打印店缩印英语作文
打印店缩印英语作文The Essence of Printing: The Art of Miniaturization.In the world of printing, miniaturization, or the process of reducing the size of documents while maintaining their readability, holds a unique position. This technique, often referred to as "shrinking" or "scaling down," is not just a matter of resizing text and images; it's an exercise in precision, creativity, and technology.The need for miniaturization often arises when individuals or organizations need to condense large amounts of information into a smaller, more manageable format. This could be for the purpose of saving paper, reducing costs, or fitting more content into a limited space. In the case of English essays, miniaturization can be used to create a condensed version of the original work, suitable for sharing, referencing, or even studying on the go.The art of miniaturization begins with carefulconsideration of the content. Not all elements of an essay may require the same level of detail when shrunk down. Therefore, it's crucial to identify the most important points and highlight them effectively. This often involves careful editing, condensing sentences, and removing any unnecessary information.The next step is to select the right printing method and materials. Modern printing technologies allow for precise scaling without compromising on readability. High-resolution printing, for example, can produce incredibly detailed miniaturized copies, making it easier to read even the smallest of text. The choice of paper is also crucial, as it needs to be able to handle the reduced size while maintaining its durability and legibility.During the printing process, it's important to maintain strict quality control. This ensures that the miniaturized version of the essay retains the original's essence and clarity. Quality checks should be performed at various stages, from the initial design to the final printed product.Once the miniaturized essay is ready, it offers a range of benefits. For instance, it can be easily shared electronically, reducing the need for physical copies. It can also be printed out on demand, making it a convenient option for students or researchers who need quick access to the information.Moreover, miniaturization can be a powerful tool for creativity and expression. By condensing an essay into a smaller format, one can experiment with different layouts, fonts, and design elements, creating a visually appealing and unique presentation.In conclusion, the art of miniaturization in printing is not just a technical feat; it's a blend of precision, creativity, and technology. It allows us to condense large amounts of information into manageable, portable formats, opening up new possibilities for sharing, referencing, and experiencing written works. As printing technologies continue to evolve, so will the art of miniaturization,making it an exciting and relevant aspect of the printing industry.。
(缩印)专业英语复习资料整理-推荐下载
一．缩略词ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line非对称数字用户线AOL (American On-Line) 美国在线服务公司ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) 算术逻辑单元ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) 美国国防部高级研究计划局建立的计算机网BASIC Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code初学者通用符号指令代码BOOM (Binocular Omni-Orientation Monitor) 双目全方位监视器BCH (Binary-coded hexadecimal) 二进制编码的十六进制BINAC (Binary Automatic Computer) 二进制自动计算机CMM Capability maturity model能力成熟度模型CMM Controllable Memory Module 可控存储组件CDMA Code Division Multiple Access 码分多址访问COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language) 面向商业的通用语言CASE (computer-aided software engineering)计算机辅助软件工程CD-ROM (Compact Disc-Read Only Memory) 光盘只读存储器CRT (Cathode-ray tube) 阴极射线管DOD Department of Defense Model 美国国防部模型DSL Digital Subscriber loop 数字用户环路DDN Digital Data Network 数字数据网DCE ( Distributed Computing Environment) 分布式计算环境DBMS （Database Management System）数据库管理信息系统DNS (domain name system) 域名系统DMA （Direct Memory Access）直接存储器访问DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation) 美国数字设备公司DVST （Direct-View Storage Tube）直视存储管EDA Event-driven Architecture事件驱动架构ERP Enterprise Resource Planning 企业资源计划ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) 电子数字积分计算机ENIAC计算机EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer) 延迟存储电子自动计算机GPS Global Position System全球定位系统GB Giga Bytes 十亿字节（吉字节）GML (Generalized Markup Language) 通用置标语言3G third Generation wireless 第三代无线通信GSM Global System for Mobile Communications 全球移动通讯系统HMD (head-mounted display) 头盔显示器ISP (Internet Service Provider) Internet服务提供者ISOC (Internet Society) Internet 协会IAB (Internet Architecture Board) Internet架构委员会IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) Internet工程任务组IESG (Internet Engineering Steering Group)Internet工程指导组ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) 因特网域名与地址管理组织ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) 网际控制报文协议IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) Interne消息访问协议I/O (Input/Output) 输入输出(设备)IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 电气和电子工程师协会ISO International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织OSI Open System Interconnect Reference Model 开放式系统互联参考模型MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching 多协议标记交换MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group 动态图像专家组MP3 MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 经常称为MP3MSI Medium-scale integration 中规模集成( Large、Small)MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)乐器数字接口MPC (Multimedia Personal Computer) 多媒体个人计算机MAE (Metropolitan Area Exchange) 城域交换站NAP (Network Access Point) 网络访问节点NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)国家航空航天局ODBC Open Database Connectivity 开放式数据库连接OMG Object Management Group 对象管理组织OS (Operating System) 操作系统OOP (Object-Oriented Programming) 面向对象的编程技术PSTN Public Switch Telephone Network公共交换电话网PCB Print Circuit Board 印制电路PIN Personal identification number个人身份识别号[码]RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computing精简指令集CISC Complex Instruction set Computing 复杂指令集计算技术RFID Radio Frequency Identification无线射频识别（电子标签）SOA Service-Oriented Architecture面向服务架构SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 简单邮件传输协议SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) 标准通用置标语言SSL (Security Socket Layer) 加密套接字协议层UDDI Universal Discovery Description and Integration 通用描述发现和集成UML Unified Modeling Language 统一建模语言USB Universal Serial Bus 通用串行总线VRML (The Virtual Reality Modeling Language) 虚拟现实建模语言VR (Virtual Reality) 虚拟现实XML Extensible Markup Language 扩展标记语言XSL Extensible Style sheet Language可扩展样式表语言UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) 通用自动计算机URL (Uniform Resource Locator) 统一资源定位W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) 万维网联合会二．汉译英1．声卡是一块印刷电路板，它能把数字信息译为声音，也能把声音变为数字信息，它插在母板(计算机主电路板)上的槽内（slot），而且通常连接一对喇叭(speaker)Audio card is a piece of printed circuit boards, which can translate digital information into voice, and it also can translate voice into digital information, (it is planted in the slot of the main board(the main computer circuit boards)) it is always plugged into a slot on main_board and connected with a pair of speakers.2．计算机是一种电子装置，它能接受一套指令或程序，并通过数据运算，或收集和联系其他形式的信息来执行该程序。
英语缩印
Unite11)史密斯太太对我抱怨说，她经常发现与自己十六岁的女儿简直无法沟通。
Mrs. Smith complained to me that she often found it simply impossible to communicate with her 16-year-old daughter.2) 我坚信，阅读简写的(simplified) 英文小说是扩大我们词汇量的一种轻松愉快的方法。
I firmly believe that reading simplified English novelsis an easy and enjoyable way of enlarging our vocabulary.3) 我认为我们在保护环境不受污染(pollution) 方面还做得不够。
I don’t think we’re doing enough to protect ourenvironment from pollution.4) 除了每周写作文外，我们的英语老师还给我们布置了八本书在暑假里阅读。
In addition to/Apart from writing compositions on a weekly basis, our English teacher assigned us eight books to read during the summer vacation.5) 我们从可靠的消息来源获悉下学期一位以英语为母语的人将要教我们英语口语。
We’ve learned from reliable sources that a native English speaker is going to teach us spoken English next term/semester.6) 经常看英语电影不仅会提高你的听力，而且还会帮助你培养说的技能。
Seeing English movies on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you build your speaking skills.7) 如果你们对这些学习策略有什么问题，请随便问我。
大学英语第一册缩印版课后句子翻译
大学英语第一册缩印版课后句子翻译第一单元1. 那是个正规宴会，As it was a formal dinner party. I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to.2.她的女友劝他趁抽烟的坏习惯His girlfriend advised him to get out of his ban habit of smoking before it took hold.3. 他们预料到下几个月电的需求量很大Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production.4.据说比尔因一再违反公司 It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules./Bill is said to have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules.5. 据报道地方政府已采取适当措施It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. /The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage.苏珊因车祸失去了双腿。
有一段时间，她真的如何面对自己再也不能行走的事实。
英语考试汉翻英必备经典缩印精华-电大-成人自考
汉翻英她连水都不愿喝一口…. She wouldn't take a drink, much less could she stay for dinner. 他认为我在对他说谎... He thought I was lying to him,whereas I was telling the truth. 这个星期你每天都迟到…. How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week?他们利润增长的部分原因…The increase in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy. 这样的措施很可能…Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency.我们已经在这个项目上…We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project, so we have to carry on.你在怎么有经验…1. You are never too experienced to learn new techniques. 还存在一个问题….2. There remains one problem,namely,who should be sent to head the research there. 由于文化化的不同,…3. Their relationship did meet with some difficulty at the beginning because of cultural differences. 虽然他经历浮沉…4. Though he has had ups and downs,I believed all along that he would succeed someday.我对你的说法的真实性…5. I have some reservations about the truth of your claim. 她长得并不特别高,…6. She isn't particularly tall,but her slim figure gives an illusion of height.他说话很自信…1. He spoke confidently,which impressed me most. 我父亲太爱忘事,…2. My father is so forgetful that he is always looking for his keys. 我十分感激你给我的帮助.3. I'm very grateful to you for all the help you have given me. 光线不足,…4. The bad light,coupled with the wet ground,made driving very difficult.由于缺乏资金,…5. Being starved of funds,they had to cancel their plan to start a business.每当有了麻烦,…6. They always lean on us whenever they are in trouble. 就像机器需要经常…1. (Just) as a machine needsregular running, so does thebody need regular exercise.在美国学习时,…2. He learned to play the pianowhile studying in the UnitedStates.令我们失望的是,…3. To our disappointment, heturned down our invitation.真实情况是,…4. The reality is that, forbetter or worse, the world haschanged with advance of newtechnologies.我班里的大多数女生…5. Most of the female students inmy class appear to be ill at easewhen (they are) required toanswer questions.当地政府负责…6. The local government tookcharge of the security for thesports meeting.在会上,除了其他事情,…1. At the meeting they discussed,among other things, the presenteconomic situation.我对大自然了解越多,…2. The more I learned about thenature,the more absorbed Ibecame in its mystery.医生建议说,…3. The doctor recommends thatthose stressed people should trysomething new,interesting andchallenging in order to givetheir negative feelings anoutlet.那个学生的成绩差,…4. The teacher gives morehomework to the student who hasbad grades instead of cutting itdown.相比之下,…5. By contrast,American parentsare more likely to attributetheir children's success tonatural talent.教师首先要考虑的事情…6. One of a teacher's prioritiesis to stimulate students'interests and their creativity.她一点儿也不知道…1. Little did she know that thispicture would one day be worthmore than a million dollars.虽然我理解你说的话,…2. While I understand what yousay, I don’t agree with you onthe issue.我认为警察的…3. I think the police are meantto protect people.昨天我去看他,…4. I went to see him yesterday,only to find that he had goneabroad several days before.在每周例会上,…5. At the weekly meeting,everyone must confine theirremarks to the subject.要是我没说那些愚蠢的话…6. If only I hadn’t said thosesilly words! I was too youngthen to distinguish right fromwrong.英翻汉:I don’t think…robbery.1.我认为他不会抢劫,更不用说暴力抢劫了.Men earn ten…dollars.2.男工平均工资每小时10美元,而女工才每小时7美元.Once the balance…effects.3.自然界的平衡一旦遭到破坏,就会带来很多不可预知的影响.The final…;…time reading.4.期终考试迫在眉睫,你最好多花点时间看书.What is…Thisis…production.5.有趣的是,消费者发现越来越难以辨别某些品牌的原产国.其部分原因来自于全球化带来的影响,部分原因是由于产地的变化.A recent …for 40…workforce.6.最近一次调查表明,妇女占总劳动力的40%.A person…taken seriously.1. 应尽早告知年轻人:必须认真对待法律.He’s now…entire future.2. 他现在面临一个重要决定,这个决定可能会影响他的整个前程.You must be…worst.3. 即使在情况最糟糕的时候,你也必须保持镇静和信心.The success of…communicate.4. 人际关系的成功与否与双方相处是否融洽以及交流是否顺畅有很大关系.He was attacked…died.5. 他受到袭击,身受重伤,随后不治而亡.He behsved,at…person.6. 他的举止至少在表面上像个正常人。
英语翻译缩印
1.A game is a recreational activity carried out for pleasure；it is either partially or totally controlled.运动是一项为娱乐而展开的活动，这项运动要么有松散的规则要么有严格的规则。
2.Because of the enjoyment that games brought about，various selections of games were developed corresponding to the unique interest of different individuals.由于游戏带来乐趣，出于个人独特的兴趣形成了对游戏的种种不同的选择。
3.Hobbyists are also classified into different levels depending on the degree of their involvement in their hobbies. 根据对兴趣爱好的参与程度，爱好者也分不同层次。
4.We hugged each other,laughing,smiling and shaking from nerves！我们互相拥抱，大笑，激动得发抖。
5.For the next week it was a process of connecting my mind with my heart,my heart that knew him so well and my mind that had never seen him in person.接下来的一个星期，我一直在把我的理智与情感联系起来；在感情上我对他已经非常熟悉了，但理智告诉我，我们之前未曾谋面。
6.Embedded in my neck was a large piece of glass which I matter-of -factly pulled out.Stunned and shocked,I studied it and my blood-stained hand.脖子里嵌着一大块玻璃碎片，我不假思索一把把它拔下来，惊呆地端详着它和我血迹斑斑的手。
专业英语翻译整理缩印版
Shapers are classified by the plane in which the cutting action occurs, either horizontal or vertical. In addition the horizontal-type shapers are further classified as push or pull cut. A push-cut shaper cuts while the ram（滑枕） is pushing the tool across the work, and a pull cut machine removes material while the tool is pulled toward the machine. Vertical shapers use a pushing-type cutting action and are sometimes referred to as slotters or keyseaters.刨床类型由发生切削的平面来定义，或者是卧式的或者是立式的。
另外，卧式的还被进一步划分为推刨或拉刨。
推切成型机的削减而RAM（滑枕）推出的工具在工作，和拉剪机去除材料，工具是拉向机。
立式牛头刨床使用推式切割作用，有时被称为插床、键槽铣刀。
Cutting speeds are slow on the planer because of the workpiece size and type of cutting tool being used. In order to increase the production of the planer, multiple tooling stations are employed. Two tooling stations are located on the overhead cross rails, with usually one tooling station on the vertical supports. Another method of increasing production on the planer is to mount a number of workpieces on the table at the same time. This method is only feasible when the workpieces require the same cut and are relatively small in size. The planer size is designated（指定，选定）by the maximum workpiece capacity of the machine. The height, width, and length of the workpiece that can be accommodated on the planer's worktable varies with the type of planer.因为工件尺寸和使用刀具类型的关系，龙门刨床的切削速度比较慢。
专业英语词组(缩印用)
专业英语词组UNIT 1 UNIT 2内力：internal force 受轴向载荷的：axially-loaded外力：external force 应变：strain平衡：equilibrium 等截面的：prismatic必要条件：necessary condition 合力：resultant充分条件：sufficient condition 伸长量：elongation静定的：statically determinate 形心：centroid超静定的：statically indeterminate 无量纲的：nondimensional quantity变形体：deformable body横截面：cross sectionUNIT 3 UNIT 4矢量：vector 薄膜应力：membrane stress下标：subscript 回转壳体：shells of revolution应力分布：stress distribution 经向应力：meridional stress正号：positive 周向应力：tangential stress分力：component 曲率半径：radius of curvature正应力：nomal stress剪应力：shear stressUNIT 5 UNIT 8机械振动：mechanical vibrations 整理工艺：finishing processes附加应力：excessive stress 工作温度：working temperature 平衡位置：a position of equilibrium 成品：finished product悬臂梁：cantilever beam 平移运动：translational motion 振幅：amplitude 热轧：hot rolling周期：period 陶瓷材料：ceramic material频率：frequency 热处理：heat treatment位移：displacement 烧结工艺：sintering强迫振动：forced vibration 水压机：water press固有频率：natural frequency 生产率：production rate无阻尼振动：undamaged单自由度：one degree of freedomUNIT 10 UNIT 11效率：efficiency 热力学：thermodynamics污染：contamination(n.) pollute(v.) 动力学：kinetics人力资源：human resource 连续介质：continuum无经验的：inexperienced 人工智能：artificial intelligence 近似：approach(n.) similar(a.) roughness(ad.) 专家系统：expert system估计：estimate 自动化：automation挑战：challenge环境：environmentUNIT 13 UNIT 14热传导：conduction 溶解：dissolve热对流：convection 溶液：solution辐射：radiation 溶质：solute焓：enthalpy 不互溶的：immiscrible强制对流：forced convection 沉淀：sedimentation湍流动：currents in fluids 挥发性的：volatile自然流动：natural convection 膜分离：membrane separation 层流：laminar flow 传热：heat transfer浮力：buoyancy 蒸发：evaporation电磁波：electromagnetic wave 萃取：extraction结晶：crystallize专业英语单词（U1-U14）UNIT 11.couple：n. 力偶，点偶2.exert：v. 施加（压力），用（力）3.fundamental：a. 基本的，基础的，主要的4.negligible：a. 可以忽略的，微不足道的5.moment：n. 力矩，弯矩，转矩6.equilibrium：n. 平衡（状态，性）7.cancel out：相约，取消8.preceding：a. 以前的，上述的9.pulley：n. 滑轮，皮带轮10.relegate：vt. 归类，委托ponent：n. 分力，分量，构件，成分12.scalar：n. ; a. 纯量（的），标量（的）13.statically determinate：静定的14.statically indeterminate：静不定的，超静定的UNIT 21.stress：n. 应力，受力（状态，作用）2.strain：n. 应变；v. 使变形3.deformable：a. 可[易]变形的4.shaft：n. （传动，旋转）轴；柱身5.derivation：n. 推导，导出，推理6.axially-loaded：a. 受轴向载荷的7.blend：n. 混合（物）；v. 混合，掺和8.tension：n. 拉伸，张力，拉力9.shear：n. 剪切，剪力；v. 剪切，剪断10.prismatic：a. 等截面的11.at right angles to :与……垂直，与……成直角12.analogous：a. 类[相]似的，模拟的13.hydrostatic：a. 静水（力）学的，流体静力学的14.submerge：v. 浸没，沉没，淹没15.denote：v. 表示，指示16.resultant：n. 合力；a. 合成的，总的17.centroid：n. 矩心，质心，重心，形心18.elongation：n. 拉张，伸长，延伸率19.adjacent：a. 相邻的，临近的20.free-body：自由体，隔离体UNIT 31.truss：n. 桁架，构架（工程）2.unknowingly：ad. 无意中，不知不觉地3.lowercase：n. ; a. 小写（的，字）4.visualize：v. 想象，设想，目测5.patently：ad. 明白地6.perpendicular：a. （与……）垂直的（to），直立的7.vector：n. 矢量，向量8.squash：v. 压缩，压碎9.tangential：a. 切线（面）的，切向的10.subscript：n. 下标，角注，脚码11.say：v. 假定，比方说；n. 说法12.2-in-square=2 inches squared：2平方英寸13.psi=pounds per square inch：磅/平方英寸14.nonetheless=nevertheless：ad. ; conj. 尽管如此，然而15.abbreviate：v. 缩写，简写，省略16.SI=System International unit：国际单位制UNIT 41.membrane：n. 薄膜，隔膜，隔板2.revolution：n. 回转，旋转（运动）3.cylindrical：a. 圆柱（体形）的，（圆）筒形的4.conical：a. 圆锥形的，圆锥体的5.hemispherical：a. 半球（形，状）的6.ellipsoidal：a. 椭圆形的，椭球的7.torispherical：a. 准球形的8.induce：v. 引起，导致，诱发9.symmetric：a. 对称的，匀称的，平均的10.curvature：n. 弯曲，曲率11.resist：v. 抵抗，耐（得住）12.equate：v. 立方程式，使……等于13.meridional：a. 子午线圈的，经向的14.substitution：n. 代入UNIT 51.oscillatory：a.振荡的，摆动的2.confront：v. 面临，面对（be confronted with）3.wear：v. ; n.磨损，损耗，耐磨（性）4.fatigue：n. ; v.（使）疲劳；fatigue failure 疲劳破坏（失效）5.acute：a. 敏锐的，尖锐的6.impair：vt. ; n. 损害（伤），减少（弱）7.symmetrical：a. 对称的，匀称的8.propeller：n. 螺旋桨，推进器pact：v. 压实，夯实；a. 压紧的10.chaff：n. 谷壳，废物，渣滓11.thresh：v. 猛烈摆动，颠簸12.glider：n. 滑翔机13.panel：n. 底板，座，仪表板14.helical：n. ; a. 螺旋（线，面，形）（的）15.springboard：n. 跳板，出发点16.pendulum：n. 摆（锤），振动体17.bob：n. 振子球，秤锤18.displacement：n. 位移，平移，移动（度）19.customary：n. 通常的，（合乎）习惯的20.reciprocal：a. 相互的，倒数的；n. 倒数，互逆21.amplitude：n. 振幅，摆幅，幅度22.angular：a. 角（形，状）的，成角度的23.dissipative：a. 损耗的，消耗（性）的24.damp：v. 阻尼，减振，弄湿25.viscous：a. 粘性的，粘滞的26.constrain：vt. 约束，束缚，强制27.coordinate：n. 坐标（系）；a. 坐标的，同位的28.specify：vt. 指定，确定，详细说明UNIT 61.alloy：n. 合金；v. 使成合金2.crystal：n. 结晶，晶体；crystalline a. 结晶的，透明的ttice：n.晶格，点阵；v. 做成网格状4.aggregate：v. 集合；n. 集合体；a. 集合的5.valence：n. 化合价，原子价6.electrostatic：a. 静电的7.conductor：n. 导体；乐队指挥，领队，列车员8.wrought：a. 精制的，可锻的；wrought iron 可锻铸铁9.cast：v. 浇铸；n. 铸件；cast iron 铸铁10.ferrous：a. 含铁的；ferrous metals 黑色金属，铁合金11.nonferrous：a. 不含铁的；nonferrous metals 有色金属12.intake：v. 吸入；n. 入口；air-intake 空气入口13.manifold：n. 集气管；a. 多样的；ad. 许多倍14.aluminum：n. 铝15.magnesium：n. 镁16.beryllium：n. 铍17.brass：n. 黄铜18.bronze：n. 青铜；v. 变成古铜色19.tin：n. 锡20.zinc：n. 锌21.lead：n. 铅；v. 包[填，衬，镀]铅22.antimony：n. 锑23.tungsten：n. 钨24.molybdenum：n. 钼25.chromium：n. 铬26.refractory：a. 难溶的，耐火的UNIT 71.elusive：a. 难以理解的，难以捉摸的2.ductility：n. 韧性，延展性；ductile a. 韧性的3.fracture：v.; n. 破裂，断裂4.brittle：a. 脆性的；brittleness n. 脆性，脆度，脆弱5.interplay：n.; v. 相互作用，相互影响，相互关系6.manufacture：v.; n. 加工，制造（业），（大量）生产7.strength of materials：材料力学8.rheology：n. 流变学；rheologic a. 流变学的9.outset：n. 开头，开始，开端，最初10.relevant：a. 有关的，相关的，相应的ponent：n. 分量，组（部）件，组分，成分12.scope：n. 范围，眼界，工作域，显示器13.realm：n. 领域，范围；王国，领土14.concept：n. 概念，（基本）观念，（基本）原理15.harden：v. 变硬，使硬化；hardening n. 硬化，增硬UNIT 81.classification：n. 分类，分等，分级，类别，级别2.conserve：v. 保存，保藏，节省；守恒3.melt：v.; n. 熔化，熔融，融解，软化4.evaporation：n. 蒸发（作用，过程），汽化5.forging：n.; a. 锻造，锻造法，锻件6.characterize：v. 表征，表示……的特征，描写，赋予……特性7.rolling：n.; a. 滚压，碾压，轧制；侧滚，起伏8.casting：n. 铸造，铸造法，浇铸，铸件9.turning：n.; a. 旋转，转向，车削，车工工艺10.welding：n.; a. 焊接（的），熔接（的）11.fusion：n. （核）聚变，熔合，融合12.adhesion：n. 粘附（力），胶粘作用13.periphery：n. 周边，边缘；范围，圆周14.tolerance：n. 容（许极）限，公差，容差，耐受度15.flash：n. 毛边，毛刺，闪光；v. 去毛刺，闪光16.sinter：n.; v. 烧结，热压结，粉末冶金paction：n. 压实，压缩，压制成型18.oxidation：n. 氧化，氧化作用19.die：n. 模具，板牙；v. 模压成形20.hydraulic：a. 液压的，水力的UNIT 91.prominence：n. 杰出，卓越，显著，重要2.fabricability：n. 制造能力3.granular：a. 粒状的，颗粒的；grain n. 颗粒，晶粒4.microscope：n. 显微镜5.magnification：n. 放大，放大率；magnify v. 放大6.fracture：n. 断裂，断口7.grind：v.; n. 研磨，抛光8.polish：v.; n. 研磨，抛光，精加工9.abrasive：n. 磨料，研磨；a. 磨料的，磨损的10.etch：v.; n. 浸蚀，蚀刻，酸洗11.photomicrograph：n.; v. 显微照相12.metallograph：n. 金相照片；mmetallography n. 金相学13.abbreviate：v. 缩写，简略，将……缩短14.allotropy：n. 同素异构，同素异晶；allotrope 同素异构体mpblack：n. 炭黑16.graphite：n. 石墨17.transformation：n. 变换，转变，改造，换算UNIT 101.corrosion：n. 腐蚀；corrode v. 腐蚀；corrdent n. 腐蚀剂mission：n. 委任，委托；v. 委任，起动3.muffler：n. 消音器4.condenser：n. 冷凝器，聚光镜5.scrape：v. 刮落，削去，擦去6.inhibitor：n. 缓蚀剂，抑制剂；inhibit v. 防止，抑制7.sewage：n. 污水，下水道系统8.rot：v.; n. 腐烂，枯朽9.mechanism：n. 机理，机械作用，机构，机构学10.maintenance：n. 维护，维修，保养11.survey：n.; v. 调查，测绘，勘测，综述12.shutdown：n. 停工，停止运转，关闭13.contamination：n. 污染，污物，杂质14.depletion：n. 消耗，耗尽，减损，贫化，降低15.ingenuity：n. 创造性，独创性，精巧，巧妙16.trainee：n. 学员，受训练人员UNIT 111.facility：n. 设备，装备，装置2.presentation：n. 表示，展示，代表3.encompass：v. 包括，包含4.bulk：n. 大多数，大体积，大量5.thermodynamics：n. 热力学6.predominantly：ad. 主要地，突出地，流行地7.inetics：n. 动力学8.accessory：n. 辅助装备[装置]，附件9.inconceivable：a. 不可想象的，不可思议的10.descriptive：a. 描述性的，说明的11.cybernetics：n. 控制论12.encyclopedia：n. 百科全书，（某科）大全13.forge：vt. 锻造，打造；forge ahead 向前迈进，迎头赶上14.generalization：n. 通则，归纳15.subject-matter：n. 主题，要点16.mesoscale：n. 中间尺度（刻度，标度）17.microscope：n. 微观尺度（刻度，标度）18.macroscale：n. 宏观尺度（刻度，标度）19.dynamics：n. （动）力学，动态（特性）20.continuum：n. 连续介质；连续（统一体）21.insight：n. 见识，理解22.synthesis：n. 合成，综合23.optimization：n. 最优化，优选法24.integrate：vt. 使结合，使并入，使一体化bustion：n. 燃烧，氧化posite：a. 合成的，复合的27.rigorously：ad. 严格地，严厉地28.conceive：v. 想出，想象UNIT 121.systematic：a. （有）系统的，（成）体系的2.momentum：n. 动量，冲量3.diffusion：n. 扩散，分散，传播4.heat exhanger：n. 热交换器preessor：n. 压缩机，压气机6.reactor：n. 反应器，反应物7.coefficient：n. 系数8.parameter：n. 参数，参量，特征值9.dimensionless：a. 无量纲的，无尺寸（单位）的，无因次的10.tubular：a. 管（状，形）的，（圆）筒形的11.similarity：n. 相似性，类似12.analogy：n. 类似，相似（性）13.whereby：ad. 由此，从而，靠……14.nomenclature：n. 术语（表），专门用语15.differential：a. 微分的，差别的16.humidifier：n. 增湿器，加湿器17.fractionater：n. 分馏器，分馏塔18.pollutant：n. 污染物，散布污染物者；a. 污染的19.empirical：a. （根据）经验的，实验（上）的20.homogeneous：a. 同类的，均匀的，均相的21.concentration：n. 浓度，浓缩，聚集22.obsolete：a. 已废弃的，过时的，陈旧的23.reactant：n. 组分，成分，反应物UNIT 131.conduction：n. 传导，导热（性，率，系数）2.conductivity：n. 传导率，导热系数3.diffuse：v. 扩散，散布4.convection：n. 热对流，迁移5.enthalpy：n. 焓，（单位质量的）热含量6.fulx：n. 通量7.transparent：a. 某种辐射可以透过的，透明的8.mechanism：n. 机理，作用原理，机械（作用）9.gradient：n. 梯度，斜面10.unbound：a. 自由的，无约束的11.electromagnetic：a. 电磁的12.opaque：a. 不传导的，不透明的13.lump：v. 概括（together），总结14.eddy：n. 漩涡；a. 涡流的，涡动的15.radiator：n. 辐射体，散热器16.buoyancy：n. 浮力，浮性；a. 浮性的17.agitator：n. 搅拌器，搅拌装置18.simultaneously：ad. 同时地；同时发生地19.divert：vt. 使转向，转移20.fuse：v. 熔融，熔化21.quartz：n. 石英，水晶22.unlagged：a. 未保温的，未隔热的23.Btu=British thermal unit：英热量单位24.cross section：n. （横）截面，剖面，断面25.definiteness：n. 明确，确定，肯定26.adiabatically：ad. 绝热地27.correspondence：n. 对应，一致，相当28.random：a. 无秩序的，任意的29.quantitative：a. 定量的，（数）量的30.polish：v. 磨[抛]光，研磨31.monatomic：a. 单原子的，单质的31.diatomic：a. 双原子的，二元的33.mutually：ad. 相互，交互UNIT 141.sequence：n. 序列，连续，顺序，结果2.versatility：n. 通用性，多面性，多功能性3.originate：v. 起源于，由……引起4.coordinate：v. 使协调，使同等；n. 坐标（系）5.pulverize：v. 磨碎，粉碎6.roast：v.; n. 焙烧，煅烧，烘烤7.lixiviate：v. 浸出，析出，滤出8.precipitate：v.使沉淀，析出；n. 沉淀物9.crystallize：v. 结晶，晶化10.eletrolyze：vt. （使）电解，（使）电离11.impose：v. 发生影响，将……强加于12.quote：v. 引用，引证13.designate：v. 指明，指定，表示，选派14.humidification：n. 增湿作用，湿润15.sedimentation：n. 沉积，沉淀16.agitation：n. 搅拌（作用），搅匀，搅动17.centrifugation：n. 离心作用，分离作用，分离18.terminology：n. 专门名词，术语，词汇19.volatile：a. 挥发性的，易挥发的20.solute：n. 溶质，溶解物21.solvent：n. 溶剂，基本组分22.extraction：n. 萃取，提炼，取出23.leaching：n. 浸取，浸提24.in commom：共同，公用25.semipermeable：a. 半渗透的26.immiscible：a. 不混溶的，不互溶的27.settling：n. 沉降，沉淀Translation 1UNIT 11.In this section, we shall consider the conditions that the forces and couples acting upon a body must satisfy in orderfor it to be in equilibrium.在这一部分，我们将研究为了使一个物体保持平衡，作用在其上的力和力偶所必须满足的条件。
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1.1 Metals and Nonmetals金属和非金属Perhaps the most common classifidation that is encountered in materials selection is whether the material is metallic or nonmetallic. The common metallic are such metals as iron, coppor, aluminum, magnesium, nickel, titanium and the alloys of these metals, such as steel brass and bronze. They possess the metallic properties of luster, thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity; they are relatively, ductile and some of them have good magnetc properties. The common nonmetals are wood, brick, concrete, glass, rubber and plastics. Their properties vary widely, but they generally tend to be less ductile, weaker and less derise than the metals, and they have no electrical conductivity and poor thermal conductivity.翻译：也许在材料选择中遇到的最常见的分类是材料是金属的还是非金属的。
常见的金属有铁、铜、铝、镁等金属。
铯、镍、钛和这些金属的合金，如钢、黄铜和青铜。
它们具有光泽、热导率和导电性的金属性质，是一种新型的金属材料。
延展性和部分延展性具有良好的磁性能。
常见的非金属有木材、砖块、混凝土、玻璃、橡胶和塑料。
它们的性质差别很大，但一般倾向于l。
Ess具有延展性，比金属更弱，也更少，没有导电性能，导热性能较差。
1. Metals and Nonmetals金属和非金属Ferrous Metals 黑色金属Nonferrous Metals and Alloys 有色金属和含金2.Metals consisting of iron combined with some other elements are knows as ferrous metals;all the other metals are called nonferrous metals.The most important nonferrous metals are copper(Cu),aluminum(Al),lead(Pb),zinc(Zn),tin(Sn). 由铁和其他元素结合而成的金属被称为黑色金属，所有其他金属都称为有色金属，最重要的有色金属是铜、铝、铅、锌、锡。
3.Mechanical properties are the characteristic responses of a material to applied forces.These properties fall into five broad categories:strength,hardness,elasticity,ductility(plasticity) and toughness.力学性能是材料对施加力的特性响应，这些性质分为五大类：强度、硬度、弹性、塑性和韧性。
Strength is the ability of a material to resist applied forces.强度是材料抵抗作用力的能力。
Hardness is the ability of a material to resist penetration and abrasion.硬度是一种材料的抗渗和耐磨能力。
Elasticity is the ability to spring back to original shape.弹性是指能够弹回原来的形状。
Ductility(plasticity)is the ability to undergo permanent changes(plastic deformation) of shape without rupturing.延展性（可塑性）是发生永久性变化的能力（塑性变形）而不破坏的形状。
Toughness is the ability to absorb mechanically applied energy. 韧性是吸收机械能的能力。
4.Heat treatment is a method used to alter the physical,and sometimes chemical,properties of a materials.热处理是用来改变材料的物理性质，有时甚至是化学性质的方法5.727℃steel is in a solid state with a structure called austenite,or gamma iron,a single phase fee solid solution.翻译：727温钢处于固态状态，奥氏体结构，或γ铁，单相固溶体。
At temperatures below 910℃,pure iron changes to a stable phase called alpha ferrite,alpha iron,or ferrite.翻译：在910度以下的温度下，纯铁变为α铁素体、α铁或铁素体的稳定相。
6.When steel with the eutectoid composition forms at 727℃,it produces a lamellar two-phase mixture of ferrite and cementite called pearlite.翻译：当钢的共析成分的形式在727℃，它产生的片状铁素体和渗碳体两相混合物，称为珠光体7.austenite奥氏体ferrite铁素体cementite渗碳体pearlite珠光体martensite马氏体Annealing 退火crystal defects晶体缺陷recrystallization 再结晶grain growth晶粒生长，颗粒生长normallizing正火Quenching 淬火tempering 回火8.1）Bulk or massive forming operations.块状或块状成形操作。
2）Sheet forming operations.板材成形操作。
In both types of process,the surfaces of the deforming metal and the tools are in contact,and friction between them may have a major influence on material flow.In bulk forming,the input material is in billet,rod or slab form,and the surface-to-volume ratio in the formed part increases considerably uner the action of largely compressive loading.In sheet forming,on the other hand,a piece of sheet metal is plastically deformed by tensile loads into a three-dimensional shape,often without significant changes in sheet thickness or surface characteristic.翻译：在这两种加工过程中，变形金属的表面与工具都是接触的，它们之间的摩擦可能对材料流动有很大的影响。
在批量成形中，输入的材料在小方坯、棒材或板坯的形状，以及成形件的表面体积比，在很大程度上不受压缩载荷的作用下，都有很大的提高。
另一方面，在金属片的形成过程中，金属片在拉伸载荷作用下塑性变形为三维形状，其厚度和表面特征通常没有明显变化。
9.Cold,warm and hot working冷暖热加工Cold working refers to plastic deformation that (usually,but not-necessarily) is carried out below its recrystallization temperature, usually at the ambient temperature.Cold working can increase the strength of the product by a process called work hardening.Work hardening creates microscopic defects inthe metal,which resists further changes of shape.翻译：冷加工指的是通常在环境温度以下的塑性变形（通常，但不一定）是在再结晶温度以下进行的。
产品的强度通过一种叫做加工硬化的过程。
加工硬化会在金属中产生微观缺陷，从而阻止进一步的形状变化。
Cold working generally results in higher yield strength as aresult of the increased number of dislocations and theHall-Petch effect of the sub-grains,and a decrease inductility.The effects of cold working may be reversed byannealing the material at high temperatures where recoveryand recrystallization reduce the dislocation density.翻译：冷加工通常导致更高的屈服强度由于位错和亚晶粒的Hall Petch效应的数量增加，和延展性下降，冷的影响。