学术综合英语听力原文完整版
大学英语综合教程3听力全文
英语listening in 部分组最后一篇短文Unit 4Listen passage 1Traditional jobs like the chimney sweeps and coal miners from our history lessons don't really exist anymore. During the 20th century the number of people working in agriculture and manufacturing decreased significantly. In contrast, the number of people doingoffice-based jobs has more than doubled, from 18 per cent of the working population in 1901, to over 40 per cent by the end of the 20th century. Modern society has changed the way we work but these changes are not always positive. They can also create problems we may not be aware of.What does the modern office mean for the nation's health, for example? Well, firstly, office jobs are sedentary. We're sitting at our desks all day working on computers. And this means we're not exercising our bodies in the way people used to when they did more traditional jobs. It's not surprising then that we're all putting on weight. In fact, a fifth of adults over 16 were classified as overweight in 2001.But there are other less obvious dangers connected with office work. Repetitive strain injury, or RSI, and other disorders like muscle strain, neck and backache are a growing problem. It's estimated that in 2002, over a million people suffered from these kinds of health problems. As a result, 12.3 million working days were lost. The cause is simple: long periods spent sitting at the computer typing and using a mouse.Many companies now employ ergonomic experts to ensure staff are sitting correctly at their computers and take frequent breaks from typing to try and prevent injury.Another problem of the modern office is the building itself. People tend to feel tired and irritable after a day stuck inside a modern office and often get colds and flu. This phenomenon is known as "sick building syndrome" and it's caused by several factors. First of all, in many offices there is a lack of natural air and light. Secondly, within the enclosed space of an office environment, there is a high concentration of electronic devices. And as well as this, air-conditioning systems in large buildings re-circulate the air around the office, carrying germs from workstation to workstation. Research suggests sick building syndrome can be found in roughly 30 per cent of new or refurbished buildings. But there is some good news for office workers. A lot of companies are making efforts to improve office workplaces. They're installing better lighting and ventilation. They're increasing the number of plants. And they're encouraging employees to take regular breaks from their computers. So if anyone listening is in an office, take this simple advice: get up, have a stretch, open a window—if you can—and think of ways you can stay healthy in this most unnatural environment.Unit 5Listen passage1Next I will look at the roles of individuals within groups. A group that is made up of individuals who have similar personalities may not work effectively. In the 1980s Belbin identified eight different roles that can help build effective teams. The "Chairperson" is someone who is self-confident and encourages others to contribute.Then there is the "Company worker"—he or she is conservative and helps organize others.The "Shaper" is outgoing and dynamic and motivates others—whereas the "Plant" is a genius who is often a loner.The "Resource investigator" is the group member who is always curious and explores new ideas and the "Monitor-evaluator" is calm and serious and makes good, balanced decisions.The "Teamworker" in contrast is a socially orientated and sensitive member of the team who is able to encourage a team spirit. And the "Completer-finisher" is a conscientious perfectionist who follows through on the details and ties up any loose ends. To be effective, a team needs to have a variety of members who can fulfil all these different roles.Unit 7passage 1When you have a biscuit with your cup of tea do you dunk it? And if so, what's the perfect way to do it? That's the subject of today's Science in Action report. It may be hard to believe but scientists at the University of Bristol have been analyzing this question. And after a two-month study they devised a mathematical formula for dunking biscuits. So no more melting chocolate, or biscuit crumbs in the bottom of your cup, which is the fate of one in four biscuits that are dunked in tea, according to research by a biscuit manufacturer.Doughnut dunkers don't face the same problems because doughnuts are held together with an elastic net of protein gluten. This substance allows the doughnut to absorb liquid without breaking down its structure. The structure of a biscuit, however, is held together by sugar which melts when placed in hot tea or coffee.So what is the answer? The researchers, led by Dr Len Fisher, discovered that holding the biscuit in a horizontal position—or "flat-on"—has a significant effect on the amount of time that a biscuit can stay in hot liquid before falling apart. In fact this horizontal dunking results in a dunking time up to four times longer than traditional vertical dunking.What's the reason for this? It seems that the answer is related to diffusion, in other words, the length of time it takes for the liquid to penetrate the structure of the biscuit. Basically, it takes longer for the liquid to travel through the channels of a biscuit when it is laid flat on the surface of the liquid. Also the fact that when a biscuit is dunked horizontally, with the biscuit submerged in the liquid, and the chocolate coating staying out of the liquid, the chocolate helps hold the biscuit together. Another factor influencing the equation is the temperature of the tea – the hotter the tea, the faster the sugar melts.The researchers also found that by dunking a biscuit into tea or coffee, up to ten times more flavour is released than if the biscuit is eaten dry. So it's worth experimentingyourself. If you are wondering how you can perfect the horizontal dunk, the researchers have come up with an idea for a biscuit-holding device to make dunking biscuits easier. They are even now working on producing a table giving guidelines on dunking times for different types of biscuits.On that note, I think it's time to go off to the canteen for a tea break!。
学术英语视听说1听力原文
学术英语视听说1听力原文Lesson1、1-1-4Lecturer:Today, I am going to talk to you about one of the most im portant historical figures in European history-Napoleon BonaparteLet's start by talking about his early life. Napoleon was born in 1769 on the island of Corsica. When he was only 10 years old, his father sent him to military school in France. Napoleon was not a very good student in most of his classes, but he excelled in mathematics and in military scienceWhen Napoleon was 16 years old, he joined the french army In that year, 1785，he began the military career that would bring him fame, power, riches, and finally, defeat. After eight years in the army, Napoleon became a general. He was only 24.Napoleon had many victories on the battlefield but he also became involved in French law and politics. And in 1804 at the age of 35，he became the first emperor of france.Napoleon had many victories on the battlefield, but he also became involved in French law and politics. And in 1804 at the age of 35，he became the first emperor of france Napoleon was many things. He was, first of all, a brilliant military leader. his soldiers were ready to die for him. as a result, Napoleon won many military victories. At one time hecontrolled most of Europe, but some countries, including England, Russia, and Austria, fought fiercely against Napoleon His defeathis end- came when he decided to attack russia In this military campaign against Russia, he lost most of his army .The great French conqueror died alone, deserted by his famil and his friends. The year was 1821，and Napoleon was only 51Lesson2、1-2-4Lecturer:The lecture for th is class is a b out the city of pom peii and the natural disaster that occurred there almost 2,000 years ago .Today many rich people w ho live in large m etropolitan areas such as beijing, Paris, and new york leave the city in the summer. They go to the m ountains or to the seashore to escape the city noise and heat. two thousand years ago, wealthy Rom ans did the sa me thing. They left the city of rom e in the summer. many of these wealthy rom ans spent their sum mers in the city of Pom peii, a beautiful city located on the bay of Naples, on the mediterranean Sea.In the sum mer of the year 79 Ce, a young rom an boy w ho later became a very fa m ous rom an historian w as visitin g h is uncle in Pompeii. The boy's name was pliny the younger.One day pliny w as loo king up at the sky. He saw a frightening sight. It w as a very large dark cloud. This b lack cloud rose hig h into the sky.What Pliny saw was the eruption of the volcano called Mount vesuvius. Rock and ash flew through the air. the city of Pom peii was at the foot of mount vesuvius When the volcano first erupted, many people were a ble to get out of the city and escape death. In fact, 18,000 people escaped the terrible disaster. U nfortunately, there was not enough time for everyone to escape. More than 2,000 people died. These unlucky people were buried alive under the volcanicash. The eruption lasted for about three days.When the eruption w as over, Pom peii w as buried under 20 feet of volcanic rock and ash. the city of Pom peii w as forgotten for alm ost 1,700 years.In the year 1748 an Italia n farmer was digging on his farm. As he was digging, he uncovered a part of a wall of the an cient city of Pompeii. Soon, archaeologists began to dig in the area. as time went by, much of the a ncient city of Pompeii w as uncovered. today tourists come from all over the world to see the ruins of the fa m ous city of pompeii. Lesson3、1-3-4Lecturer:I'd like to talk to you today about Steve Jobs. Jobs was someone who changed the world, because he changed the way people act every single day.Jobs was born in 1955. He grew up in California, in an area that later became known as the Silicon valley. When he was about 14 years old, hebecame friends with Stephen Wozniak Wozniak was what people in those days called an electronics whiz kid. He liked to design and build his own electronic equipment.In 1975，Wozniak started designing a personal computer. This at a time when nobody owned personal computers in their homes. Jobs was young. He was only 20. But even then he had a sharp business brain. Jobs convinced Wozniak that they could build these personal computers in his garage and sell them. a year later, Jobs and wozniak founded the apple computer Company, and started building and selling personal computers.When their apple ii computer went on the market in 1977，it became a huge success Suddenly there was a mass market for a computer that people could buy at a store and use sitting in their own homes The apple ll became the world's first mass produced personal computer, and by the age of 25，Steve Job was a millionaire.Jobs was brilliant in many ways, but he was not always very good at working with other people. He needed everything to be perfect, and this caused problems at Apple. In 1985，then, Jobs left Apple and started a new computer company and soon after he also went into business with a company called Pixar Pixar was a company trying to develop a system for using CGI-computer-generated imagery to be used in animated films And Jobs was just the person to help them.In 1995. Pixar released the movie tov story It was the first full-length, computer-generated, animated film. It was a big hit and Pixar became a very, very profita ble company and steve Jobs became a very, very rich man a billionaire in fact.In the 10 years after leaving apple jobs learned a lot about working with people and running a company. So when he returned to apple in 1995. he made many changes.Without Jobs, Apple was not doing so well. But Jobs had a also wanted them to be beautiful objects that people would e vision. He didn t only want personal computers to be useful, h enjoy looking at and using. In 1998，Apple introduced the imac a new desktop computer and the next year, the iBook, a new laptop computer. People thought both were very attractive and they immediately became very popular, and apple became profitable company again.But Steve Jobs wasnt finished. He had an even bigger vision He believed that personal computers would become the center the hub, of people's digital lives. So in 2001 Jobs introduced Apple's"digital hub"strategy He told the world that the computer would become the hub of all their electronic equipment. You could connect your camera, your music player and your video recorder to the computer and manage all your videos, photos, and music using iTunes, iMovie, iPhoto, and other apple programs, or"apps "Over the next 10 years, apple createdproducts that made jobs vision a reality. In 2001，the company introduced the iPod, which quickly became the most popular digital music player. In January 2007，Jobs introduced the iPhone and suddenly your phone became like a mini computer. It was like having an iPod, a camera, and a phone all in one device that you could hold in your hand. Then three years later he released the iPad onto the market. This really was a small, light computer that you could hold in your hand.And to use it all you had to do was touch the screen.Jobs'final vision before he died in Octo ber 2011 was Apple iCloud This is a system that allows apple users to store and manage their data and applications, not in their computer, but over the internet.Jobs may be gone, but there is no question that his vision lives on Jobs was someone who changed the world, not just for our own time, but maybe, who knows, for all time.Lesson4、1-4-4Lecturer:Let's talk a little today a out how roller coasters work and thephysics in volved in a ride on aroller coaster. I'm sure many of you have taken a ride on a roller coaster Person ally, I don't ever want to ride on one again. When i was young, my sister took me on a roller coaster, and I never forgot that frigh te n in g experience.A simple roller coaster consists o f a frame with a track on it .The track is very much like a train track. Th is track goes over a serie s of hillsand around curves following a path that ends at the sam e p lace it started, a train of cars travels around on th is track, very fast. the cars have two sets of w heels. 0 ne set of w heels rolls on top of the track and the other set of w heels rolls below the track the w heels below the track are there to keep the fa stm oving cars fro m co m in g o ff th e track. Roller- coaster cars, as you prob ably know, d on't have any m otors or es In stead, a ch ain pulls the cars up the first, tallest and steepest, h ill. A nd th isis how the ride begin s then at the top of the hill, the ch ain com es off th e cars, and gra v ity takes over. Gravity pushes the cars dow n the other sid e of th e h ill. T he taller a nd steeper the first h ill is, the fa ste r th e rid e willbe, and the farther the cars willtrave l.As the cars roll downhill, they gain speed. When they reach the botto m of the first h ill, the cars have enough speed a d e nergy to send the m up the next hill. A s th e cars n ear the top of the second hill, they begin to slow down. but then, th e cars reach the top of th at hill and start down the other sid e, a n d gravity again pushes them tow ard the ground. T his process repeats on each hill.OK, so let's go over th is process a g ain. First, the cars are u led b y a ch ain up th e first, h ig h est h ill. Then they go d ow n a very steep slope At th is point, there is enough energy to pull the cars up and over the next hill. a gain, w hen they reach the bottom of that hill, there is enough energy to clim b the next h ill. T he roller-coaster cars lose energy as therid e contin ues so the hills have to be sm aller toward the end of the track F in ally, we roll to a stop on ground level, rig ht w here we began. Tom orrow we will talk about the forces that press on our bod ies and keep us in our seats w hen the cars of a roller coaster travel in a loop th at puts us up side down.Lesson5、1-5-4Lecturer:What I'd like to talk to you about today is child language development i know that you all are trying to learn a second language, but for a moment, lets think about a related topic:How children learn their first language What do we know about how babies develop their language and communication ability？Well, we know babies are able to communicate as soon as they are bom-even before they learn to speak. At first, they communicate by crying. This crying lets their parents know when they are hungry, or unhappy, or uncomfortable. However, they soon begin the process of acquiring language The first stage begins a few weeks after birth. At this stage babies start to make cooing noises when they are happy. Then, at around four months they begin to babble Babies all over the world begin to babble around the same age and they all begin to make the same kinds of babbling noises. by the time they are ten months old however the babbling of babies from different language backgrounds sounds different. For example, the babbling of a baby in a Chinese-speaking home sounds different from the babbling of a baby inan English-speaking home.Babies begin a new stage of language development when they start to speak their first words. At first, they invent their own words for things. For example, a baby in an english speaking home may say"baba"for the word ball or" kiki"for These words are usually the names of things that are in the cat. In the next few months, babies will acquire a lot of words baby s environment, words for food or toys, for example.They will begin to use these words to communicate with others. For example, if a baby holds up an empty juice cup and says "juice, the baby seems to be saying, I want more juice"or May i have more juice？This word juice is really a one-word sentence.The next stage of language acquisition begins around 18months, when babies begin to say two-word sentences. They produce what is called"telegraphic" gether. The babies use a kind of grammar to put words speech, meaning they leave out all but the most essential words. an English-speaking child might say something like"Daddy, up, which actually means"Daddy, pick me up, please. Then, between two and three years of age, children learn more and more grammar. For example, they begin to use the past tense of verbs. In other words, they learn the rule for making the past tense of many verbs. The children begin to say things such as "I walked home" and"I kissed Mommy. They also overgeneralize this new grammar rule and make a lot of mistakes.For example children often say such things as"i goed to bed"instead of"I went to bed, or"leated ice cream" instead of"I ate ice cream In other words, the children have learned the past-tense rule for regular verbs such as walk and kiss, but they haven t learned that they cannot use this rule for all verbs Some verbs like eat are irregular and the past tense forms for irregular verbs must be learned individually. anyway these mistakes are normal. The children will soon learn to use the past tense for regular and irregular verbs correctly. They then continue to learn other grammatical structures in the same way.If we stop to think about it, it' s quite amazing how quickly children all over the world learn their language. It's also amazing how similar the process is for babies all over the world. You probably dont remember anything about how you learned your first language. But now that you' ve learned learning a first and secon d language may be similar and ss of something about the process, think about how the proc different. After class, why not make a list of some similarities and differences in the processes of child and adult lar learning. Then we'll talk about it next time we meed .Lesson7、1-7-4Lecturer:When people think about a robot, they often picture a machine that looks something like a human being. However, that' s not always the case！Most robots do not look much like a human being at all.They look like machines, because that's what most of them are industrial machines. Today, I'm going to talk mostly about industrial robots used in industry. These are robots that do work that for humans would be physicall demanding, repetitive, dangerous, or very boring.Most industrial robots work on an assembly line in a factory.For example, a robot might put lids on jars of fruit or stack boxes for shipping. In a car factory, robotic arms on th assembly line join the parts of the car together Other robots tighten the bolts on the cars wheels or paint the car. There are thousands of robots putting cars together in auto assembly plants. These robots are very precise when repeating a task. For example, they always tighten bolts with the same exac amount of force. They always move a heavy engine to exactly where it should be. and they always put a hole in the exact same place in every car door, hour after hour. These areexamples of robots doing the work humans could do, but the robots are doing the work more efficiently and precisely.So, just how do robots work？To do its job, a robot first needs a control system. This control system directs the robots mechanical parts. The control system of a robot is, so to speak, the robot' s"brain "So how does a robot "learn"which action to do first and which of its moving parts needs to do that action？The robot learns its job with the help and guidance of a human being.To teach an industrial robot to do something, first a person must use a handheld computer The computer is used to guide the robot's"arm and hand"through the motions it needs to do. Then the rob ot stores the exact movements in its computer memory. The robot has sensors to gather information. So now, the robot will use its sensors to direct its actions. The robot"tells"its moving parts what to do and then it performs the action. For example, to pick up and move a box, the robot first finds the box. next it decides the weight of the box. Then it decides how much force is needed to lift and move the box. and finally, it finds the correct place to put the box down. It repeats the process over and over until it is turned off It does the same job until it is given a new job and new program to follow.Some scientists think that rob ots of the future will be smarter than todays robots. They may also look more human like, or even animal-like. In fact, they may work and"think more like humans do. The industrial robots we've been talkin about so far today are automatic robots. They are known as automatic robots because they are programmed to follow a specific series of movements. Usually, they have parts that move, but they really don t travel around On the other hand, an autonomous machine can change its behavior in relation to its surroundings. For example, an autonomous robot with wheels or legs to move around can change direction when it senses that there is something in its way. arobot such as Hondas famous asIMo can detect the movements of people nearby. It can move to avoid bumping into someone coming toward it. asimo can even learn to dance by following themovements of a dancer next to it i don t know whether or when people will welcome autonomous machines or human-like robots. i guess that we will need to think about that in the robo-doctor, robo-teacher, robo-pet, or even our robo-Rriend future, Well need to think about how we will interact with or Think about that when you're doing your homework this evening. Would a robo-friend help you do your homework？。
学术英语(社科)听力原文及翻译
学术英语(社科)听力原文及翻译1. Unit 1Businesses are structured in different ways to meet different needs. The simplest form of business is called an individual or sole proprietorship. The proprietor(经营者) owns all of the property of the business and is responsible for everything.For legal purposes, with this kind of business, the owner and the company are the same. This means that the proprietor gets to keep all of the profits of the business, but also must pay any debts. Another kind of business is the partnership. Two or more people go into business together. An agreement is usually needed to decide how much of the partnership each person controls.One kind of partnership is called a limited liability partnership. These have full partners and limited partners. Limited partners may not share as much in the profits, but they also have less responsibilities for the business.Doctors, lawyers and accountants often form partnerships to share their risks and profits. A husband and wife can form a business partnership together.Partnerships exist only for as long as the owners remain alive. The same is true of individual proprietorships.But corporations are designed to have an unlimited lifetime. A corporation is the most complex kind of business organization. Corporations can sell stock as a way to raise money. Stock represents shares of ownership in a company. Investors who buystock can trade their shares or keep them as long as the company is in business.A company might use some of its earnings to pay dividends(红利) as a reward to shareholders. Or the company might reinvest the money into the business.If shares lose value, investors can lose all of the money they paid for their stock. But shareholders are not responsible for the debts of the corporation.A corporation is recognized as an entity(实体)——its own legal being, separate from its owners.A board of directors control corporate policies. The directors appoint top company officers. The directors might or might not hold shares in the corporation.If shares lose value, investors can lose all of the money they paid for their stock.But not all corporations are traditional businesses that sell stock. Some nonprofit groups are also organized as corporations.2. Unit 2In the past three week I have introduced you to the ideas and methods of economics.In the next week, we will start learning more, in more detail the principles of economic behavior and economic policy.As you proceed through the whole semester, you will be asked to draw on many of your intellectual skills.在过去的三周里，我向你介绍了经济学的思想和方法。
综合英语听力原文
Woman: Did I tell you I'm going to China?
Man: China? Great.
Woman: Yes. I’m going to Shanghai on business. I have to
buy some gifts.
Still the most important difference between television and the board game is the interaction with others. Getting the family together to watch a show on television is nice; that is, if you can find a show on for the whole family. But playing a board game gives you the chance to learn, not only about the subject, but also about each other. Everyone is different, with their own views and unique ways of handling situations, giving each game a different outcome. One of the nicest parties I ever attended was one where we played a murder-mystery game called “How to Host a Murder.” We never knew what to expect next, and it was a wonderful way to get to know everyone.
学术综合英语罗立胜听力原文
学术综合英语罗立胜听力原文Title: The Importance of Academic English in Higher EducationAs a university professor of English, I cannot stress enough the significance of academic English in higher education. Academic English refers to the specific style, tone, and vocabulary used in academic settings such as research papers, scholarly journals, and conference presentations. It is a form of communication that allows scholars to share their ideas and research with their peers in a clear, concise and coherent manner.Academic English is a critical skill that students need to develop to excel in their academic pursuits. It is essential for students to learn to write and speak in academic English as it enables them to communicate effectively and participate fully in their courses. They also need to be able to read academic texts and understand complex ideas.Without a good command of academic English, students may struggle to write research papers, read and understand their course materials, and participate fully in class discussions. They may also find it challenging to communicate effectively with their professorsand peers.In today's globalized world, academic English is becoming more critical as scholars strive to share their research with audiences from different countries and backgrounds. A lack of proficiency in academic English can limit opportunities for students and researchers to engage in international conferences, publish in international journals, and collaborate with scholars from different parts of the world.In conclusion, the importance of academic English in higher education cannot be overstated. It is an essential skill for students and scholars to communicate effectively, participate fully in academic life, and succeed in their academic pursuits. Students should be encouraged to develop their academic English skills from an early stage, and universities should provide adequate resources and support to help students improve their proficiency in academic English.。
the u.s.civil war学术英语视听说听力原文
the u.s.civil war学术英语视听说听力原文听力原文Text 1M: Lucy, would you like to have lunch with me tomorrow?W: Oh, I’d really love to, but I have an appointment with my dentist at 11:30. Thanks for inviting me.Text 2W: Peter, how is the weather now? Is it still raining?M: No, but there’s still lots of clouds. The weatherman said the sun wouldn’t come out until next week.Text 3M: I’m sorry I was late for class today, Dr. Simpson.W: Well, I’ll let it go this time. But you saw it disturbed the rest of the class.M: Yes, I realized that. I won’t let it happen again.Text 4W: Hi, Mike. Listen, I’m coming back this afternoon, and I’ll take a bus from the railway station. So, you don’t need to come and pick me up.M: OK, take care, and see you soon.Text 5M: Jenny, there’s an opening for an assistant manager in our company. You should give it a try.W: Thank you George, but I’ve decided to travel a bit before finding another job.Text 6M: By the way, do you know what time it is?W: Well, it’s a quarter to two.M: Oh, I’ve got to go.W: See Linda in the library?M: No. Actually I’m going to meet with Professor Smith at ten past two. You may continue our project discussion with Michael.W: All right.Text 7W: Harry, guess what? I’ve just received an email from Pamela. She and Peter are coming down to see us this weekend.M: Oh, that’s good news! We haven’t seen them for ages.W: Yeah. The last time we met them was at our wedding three years ago.M: Did Pamela mention how long they’ll stay?W: About one week.M: Great! I can’t wait to show them around our new house.W: Me too. We haven’t had any guests since we moved in here. If the weather is fine, we can have a barbecue in the garden.M: Good idea. I’ll go to the market tomorrow to buy all the things we’ll need.Text 8W: Hello, everyone. Welcome to our program. Today, we are fortunate to have a special guest with us. Some of you may have heard of him before. He’s an artist. His works havereceived many prizes and have been shown in over one hundred exhibitions across the country —Los Angeles, New York, Philadelphia, to name just a few. His name is Chris Cucksy. So Chris, tell us a bit about yourself.M: Well, I was born in Springfield, Missouri, and grew up in Kansas. I didn’t come from a family with wealth or position, but I did manage to get a master’s degree in fine arts.W: When did you first start to make art? And what was the turning point in your life that made you an artist?M: I always liked drawing as early as I can remember, so right from then, I knew what I was going to be: an artist.W: What is it that always inspires you to create?M: Nature is the biggest inspiration. I’m always inspired by things of beauty and harmony.Text 9M: You must be pretty excited about your trip to Europe, Dorothy. When are you leaving?W: In just two weeks, and I am excited. I’ve been looking forward to this training program for a long time. But there are still a few things I need to do before I go.M: Like what?W: Like renewing my passport and figuring out what to do with my apartment while I’m gone.M: You are not going to give it up, are you?W: No way! I’ll never find another apartment like it around here. But I don’t like the idea of paying three months for an empty apartment, either. So, I’m looking for someone to take it while I’m away.M: Um, let me think. Oh, I know just a person. An old colleague of mine, Jim Thomas. He is coming here to do some research this summer, from June to August.W: Well, that’s exactly when I’ll be away!M: Tell you what: I’ll be calling Jim late this week anyway, so I’ll mention it to him.W: Well, thanks, Bill.Text 10W: I hope I’ve given you a clear idea of the schedule for your London weekend. And, before I finish, let me just give you some advice which should make your stay more enjoyable.Firstly, please do remember to put on some comfortable shoes. London is a big place, and whatever you do, you’ll find yourself doing quite a lot of walking. So, comfortable shoes are really necessary. And secondly, let me ask you to please look after your money. Keep it safe at all times, and then you will not have any unpleasant accident, which could ruin your whole weekend. You’ll find a copy of your weekend’s schedule in your room. Take a look at it, and make sure you’re clear about everything. Well, that’s all from me for now. Go and leave your luggage in your rooms. I’ll be seeing you here again in fifteen minutes. Goodbye for now!第一节听下面5段对话。
大学综合英语教材听力原文
大学综合英语教材听力原文Unit 1Chapter 1Track 1Good morning class! Welcome to the first chapter of our comprehensive English textbook. In today's lesson, we will be focusing on improving our listening skills. Listening is a fundamental aspect of language learning, as it helps us to comprehend spoken English and engage in effective communication.Before we delve into the listening exercises, let's discuss some key techniques that can enhance our listening abilities. First and foremost, it is essential to maintain focus and concentration while listening. Eliminating distractions and creating a conducive learning environment can significantly improve our understanding.Furthermore, it is important to familiarize ourselves with different accents and speech patterns. English is spoken in various parts of the world, and each region might have its own unique way of pronunciation. By practicing listening to different accents, we can become more adaptable in real-life conversations.Now, let's start with our first listening exercise. We will be listening to an audio clip about a student's experience studying abroad. As you listen, pay attention to the main ideas and supporting details. This will help you comprehend the overall message and extract relevant information.Track 2Student: Hello everyone. Today, I would like to share my experience studying abroad in the United States. It was an incredible journey filled with excitement and challenges. So, let's get started!Firstly, I want to highlight the cultural diversity on campus. The university I attended had students from over 100 different countries. This created a truly multicultural environment where I had the opportunity to learn about various traditions and customs.Secondly, the academic standards were quite high. Professors emphasized critical thinking and independent research. This was initially challenging for me as the educational system in my home country focused more on rote memorization. However, I adapted quickly and found the experience intellectually stimulating.Thirdly, living in a foreign country taught me invaluable life skills. I learned to be independent, manage my finances, and navigate unfamiliar surroundings. It was a transformative experience that helped me to grow as a person and gain a broader perspective on life.Overall, studying abroad was an enriching and eye-opening experience. It allowed me to broaden my horizons, improve my language skills, and develop lifelong friendships. I would highly recommend it to anyone who has the opportunity to do so.Track 3Teacher: Excellent job, class! Now that we have listened to the audio clip, let's reflect on some key points. Can anyone share their thoughts on the main ideas discussed in the student's experience studying abroad?Student 1: I believe one key point was the cultural diversity on campus. The student mentioned that there were students from over 100 different countries, which created a multicultural environment.Student 2: Another important point was the emphasis on critical thinking and independent research. The student mentioned that the academic standards were quite high and that they initially found it challenging coming from a different educational system.Teacher: Very well summarized! These are indeed the main ideas. By actively listening and extracting essential information, we can gain a better understanding of the message being conveyed. This skill will be valuable in various academic and real-life situations.In conclusion, improving our listening skills is crucial for effective communication in English. By employing techniques such as maintaining focus, exposing ourselves to different accents, and practicing active listening, we can enhance our overall language proficiency. Make listening a regular part of your language learning routine, and you will see significant progress. Keep up the great work, and I look forward to our next listening exercise!This concludes our first chapter of the comprehensive English textbook.I hope you found this listening exercise informative and engaging. Remember to practice frequently and continue building upon your language skills. Have a wonderful day, and see you next time!。
学术英语视听说1 lesson14 听力原文
学术英语视听说1 lesson14 听力原文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Week at Summer CampHi everyone! Today I want to tell you all about my awesome week at summer camp last month. It was so much fun and I learned a ton of cool new stuff. Get ready for a long story because there's a lot to cover!On Monday morning, my mom drove me to Camp Wildwood which is about an hour away from our house. I was a little nervous since I had never been away from home for a whole week before. But as soon as I arrived, the counselors were really nice and helped me feel welcome. They showed me and the other new campers around the camp and explained all the different activities we could do.After dropping off my stuff in the cabin, we headed over to the lake for swimming lessons. I'm not the strongest swimmer yet, so I was in the beginners group. The lifeguards taught us how to float on our backs and tread water. It was hard work butI'm glad I practiced those skills. Later that afternoon, we had arts and crafts time where I made a cool tie-dye shirt.The best part of the day though was definitely campfire time at night. All the campers gathered around the fire pit and the counselors told spooky stories and taught us funny camp songs. We made s'mores too which was my first time trying them. So good! I had a hard time falling asleep that first night because I was too excited.Tuesday started with an awesome nature hike through the woods. Our counselor Jim pointed out different plants, birds, and animal tracks along the trail. He taught us tree identification by looking at the leaves and bark. After the hike, we had an outdoors cooking lesson over the campfire. We made hobo pies which are like little personal pies cooked in tinfoil with fruit filling inside. Delicious!In the afternoon, we went canoeing on the lake. I was a little nervous getting into the canoe at first because I thought it might tip over. But our counselors showed us the proper rowing technique to keep the canoe stable. It was harder work than I expected to paddle across the lake! That night after campfire, we had a stargazing session with a big telescope. It was amazing to see planets, stars, and galaxies up close.Wednesday was probably my favorite day. In the morning, we went on a rockin' climbing adventure! Camp Wildwood has this awesome rock climbing wall and high ropes course. After getting harnessed up, I conquered my fear of heights and made it all the way to the top. The view from up there was incredible. In the afternoon, we did some team building games and activities which helped me make new friends. At night, we had a talent show around the campfire where kids could sing, dance, tell jokes, or show off any other talents. I told a few of my favorite kid-appropriate jokes which got some good laughs.Things slowed down a little on Thursday. We had a relaxing morning learning about bird watching and identifying different species by sight and sound. Later on, we had a workshop on camping skills like how to pitch a tent, build a fire, read a compass, and other survival stuff. I feel ready to go camping in the wilderness now! That evening, we had an outdoor movie night on a big screen set up near the lake which was really cool.On my last day Friday, I was definitely feeling sad that camp was ending. We spent the morning packing up our stuff in the cabins and doing cabin clean-up duties. In the afternoon though, we had one final big event which was the Camp Wildwood Olympics! Campers were split into teams to compete in goofyevents like a three-legged race, water balloon toss, tug-of-war and more. My team was unstoppable and we won the gold medal!After the Olympics, we had one final campfire ceremony where they handed out awards and signatures to decorate our Camp Wildwood shirts and bandanas. I was honored to receive the "Camper of the Week" award which made me feel so proud. I'll never forget that incredible, adventure-filled week of learning new skills, conquering challenges, and making wonderful friends.So that's the full scoop on my summer camp experience, friends! I highly recommend going to sleep-away camp if you get the chance. You're guaranteed to have an awesome time exploring nature, trying new activities, and creating lasting memories. I'm already counting down the days until next summer when I can go back to Camp Wildwood!篇2My Big Adventure at the ZooLast weekend, my mom and dad took me to the zoo for my birthday! I was so excited because I love animals. We got up really early and packed a picnic lunch with sandwiches, fruit, chips, and juice boxes. The drive to the zoo took forever, or atleast it felt like it to me. I kept asking "Are we there yet?" every five minutes.Finally, we made it to the zoo entrance. I could see the huge sign with a picture of an elephant. My dad paid for our tickets and we went inside. The first thing I saw was the map showing all the different animal exhibits. There were so many! I didn't know where to start.We decided to head to the Africa section first to see the lions, zebras, and giraffes. On the way, we stopped to watch the sea lion show. The sea lions were so funny and did lots of cool tricks like balancing balls on their noses and jumping through hoops. One of them even waved at me!In the Africa section, we saw the most amazing animals. The lions were sleeping in the shade under a big tree. They looked very peaceful and fluffy. The male lion had a huge mane around his head that made him look like a king. I wouldn't want to make him mad though - those teeth were massive!My favorite was definitely the giraffes. They were so tall - taller than the trees even! Their long necks seemed to go on forever. One giraffe was sticking his giant purple tongue out to grab some leaves off a branch. I wanted to pet their spots but the sign said not to try to touch or feed the animals.Next, we went to the primate area to see the monkeys and apes. They were so funny, swinging from branch to branch and making lots of loud noises. Some of the smaller monkeys liked to pick bugs and leaves out of each other's fur. The gorillas were incredible - they looked so strong and powerful. One silverback gorilla was beating his chest which made the ground shake!After that, it was time for our picnic lunch. We found a nice shady spot near the duck pond to eat our sandwiches and rest our feet for a bit. I fed the ducks some crumbs from my chips which they seemed to love.Our last stop was the reptile house. To be honest, I was a little scared at first because some of the snakes looked really slippery and creepy behind the glass. But I was also fascinated by how they could unhinge their jaws to swallow huge prey whole. The crocodiles and alligators were pretty scary too with their massive jaws and teeth.My favorite reptiles ended up being the turtles. There was a really old, huge one that looked like it was smiling as it swam around its pond. The zoo keeper said some turtles can live to be over 100 years old! I also got to pet a smaller tortoise. Its shell felt hard but smooth, almost like a rock.After the reptile house, we were all getting pretty tired so we decided to call it a day. On the way out, I begged my parents for one last treat - a swirl ice cream cone from the snack stand. Cookies and cream for me, please!I had such an amazing day seeing all the cool animals up close. The zoo was so much fun that I can't wait to go back again sometime soon. Maybe next time I'll even get to feed a giraffe! I just hope nobody tells the lions where I live - those teeth were no joke.篇3Hi, my name is Timmy and I'm in 3rd grade. Today I want to tell you about what I learned in Listening Lesson 14 in my Academic English class. It was all about understanding different accents and pronunciation in English. Boy, was it interesting!First, we talked about how English is spoken differently in different countries and regions. My teacher said that even though English started in England, it spread all around the world as people moved and settled in new places. So now there are lots of different "accents" or ways of pronouncing English words.One accent we learned about was the British accent from England. The teacher played some recordings and it soundedreally fancy and proper to me. Like when they say words with an "a" like "can't" or "pants", they make it sound more like "cahn't" or "pahn'ts". They also don't pronounce "r" sounds as strongly as Americans do.Then we listened to some Australian English accent samples. That one sounded really relaxed and casual, kind of like a dude at the beach. They say "day" like "dye" and "no" like "nah". The Australian accent makes a lot of the vowel sounds higher too.The next one was from India and it sounded very melodic and musical to me. In Indian English, they really stretch out their vowel sounds and their accents go up and down a lot on different syllables of words. Like "hello" almost sounds like "helloooo". It's a very lilting accent.After that was the Jamaican accent from the Caribbean islands. That one was my favorite - it had such a fun, bouncy rhythm! The Jamaican speakers we heard kind of sang their words and dropped a lot of consonant sounds. Like "There" became "Dere" and "think" was more like "tink".We also covered the Southern American accent from states like Texas and Alabama. That drawling accent drew out a lot of vowels, like "I" became "Ahhhhhh" and "prize" turned into "prahhhhhz". The Southern accent speakers also tended to drop"g" sounds at the end of words like "going" (goin') and "reading" (readin').Finally, we learned about the Boston accent from Massachusetts. Boy, that was a tricky one! In the Boston accent, "r" sounds get added to words that don't actually have any "r"s! So "park the car" comes out like "pahk the cah". They also make the "a" really flat like the British do.After listening to all those different accents, we had to do some exercises identifying which accent we were hearing in short clips. I got most of them right because the different accents all sounded really distinct to me after practicing.My teacher said it's important to be able to understand all the different accents because English is a global language spoken by people all over the world. If you can't understand different pronunciations, then you'll miss out on communicating with a lot of people! She also said having an accent is totally normal and natural. As long as you can be understood, there's no accent that's "better" or more correct than others.I think my favorite part was hearing the fun rhyme about all the accents:"There once was a speaker from Mass,Whose accent would make your head ask -Was there an "r" carOr a kid named Marr?Who could nevah be sure, in that class!"I had such a good time learning about all the different ways to speak English in Lesson 14. Understanding accents helps me appreciate how diverse and far-reaching the English language is across the globe. I can't wait for the next lesson to learn more!篇4Hi there! My name is Emily and I'm going to tell you all about Listening Lesson 14 from my Academic English class. It was super interesting to me so I want to share what I learned.The lesson was all about understanding conversations between multiple people. The teacher said this is an important skill because in the real world, we often find ourselves in group situations where several people are talking at once. It can be really hard to follow along!We started by listening to a conversation between three friends deciding where to go for lunch. There were lots of suggestions being thrown around - pizza, Chinese food, that newburger place. I had to concentrate really hard to keep track of who said what and their reasons for wanting a particular type of food. The friends also interrupted each other a few times which made it even trickier.After listening, the teacher asked us some comprehension questions. Things like "Who suggested the pizza place?" and "What reason did Jessica give for not wanting burgers?" I got most of them right because I took good notes while listening. Writing down key words and details really helps me concentrate.Next up was a more challenging conversation - a family discussion about what to do over summer vacation. This time there were four people involved - mom, dad, and two kids. They were weighing the pros and cons of different vacation options like going to the beach, visiting relatives, or staying home and doing local activities.The hard part was keeping track of who preferred what option and why. The mom and dad had different priorities than the kids. And then the kids weren't fully agreeing with each other either! At one point they all started talking over each other and I got a bit lost. But I tried circling words like "I think," "My idea is," and "What if we..." to identify who was stating an opinion.When we discussed it as a class, I realized I had missed some key points about the dad's perspective. My teacher reminded me to always be listening for cues about each speaker's stance, like "My main concern is..." or "The best part would be..." Those signal phrases helped clue me into the main arguments.The final conversation was THE HARDEST! It involved a teacher and four students having a casual discussion about favorite books. With so many people, there was a lot of crosstalk and interrupting. Also, people would briefly mention book titles or authors without giving much context. So I'd be scrambling to write down vocabulary words I couldn't quite make out.For that one, taking notes wasn't as effective for me. I ended up having to listen for context clues about what book someone was referring to based on their opinion about the writing style, character descriptions, etc. The teacher said that for complex group conversations, that's a really important skill - making inferences from limited information.Overall, I learned that following group conversations requires intense concentration, active listening, and note-taking skills. It's something I definitely need to keep practicing. Maybe I'll ask my friends to have more multi-person chats when we hang out! I'll be the expert conversation-follower in no time.Whew, that was a lot of detail! But I really enjoyed that listening lesson and wanted to share all the tips I picked up. Let me know if you have any other questions!篇5Lesson 14: My Favorite AnimalTeacher: Good morning, class! Today, we are going to talk about our favorite animals. Let's start with you, Jenny. What is your favorite animal?Jenny: Good morning, everyone! My favorite animal is a dolphin. Dolphins are super smart and friendly. They live in the ocean and swim really fast. They can even jump out of the water and do tricks. I like watching videos of dolphins because they make me happy.Teacher: That sounds wonderful, Jenny! Dolphins are amazing creatures. How about you, Tim? What is your favorite animal?Tim: Hi, everyone! My favorite animal is a cheetah. Cheetahs are the fastest land animals. They have spots on their fur, which helps them hide in the grass. I love watching documentaries about cheetahs running and chasing their prey. They are so cool!Teacher: Great choice, Tim! Cheetahs are indeed fascinating animals. Now, let's hear from you, Sarah. What is your favorite animal?Sarah: Hello, everyone! My favorite animal is a panda. Pandas are adorable and cuddly. They are black and white, and they eat bamboo. I think they look like big teddy bears. Whenever I see a picture of a panda, I want to give it a big hug.Teacher: Oh, pandas are absolutely adorable, Sarah! They are loved by people all around the world. Thank you for sharing. Now, let's move on to you, Alex. What is your favorite animal?Alex: Hi, everyone! My favorite animal is a monkey. Monkeys are so playful and funny. They swing from trees and make funny sounds. I like watching videos of monkeys doing tricks and imitating humans. They always make me laugh.Teacher: Monkeys are indeed entertaining, Alex! They are full of energy and mischief. Thank you for sharing your favorite animal. Now, let's hear from you, Emma. What is your favorite animal?Emma: Hello, everyone! My favorite animal is a butterfly. Butterflies are so colorful and beautiful. They start as caterpillarsand then turn into butterflies. I love seeing them fluttering around flowers. They make me feel happy and peaceful.Teacher: Butterflies are truly magical, Emma! They bring joy and beauty to our surroundings. Thank you for sharing that. Now, let's hear from you, David. What is your favorite animal?David: Hi, everyone! My favorite animal is a lion. Lions are the kings of the jungle. They have a big mane and a loud roar. I like watching videos of lions hunting and protecting their pride. They are strong and brave.Teacher: Lions are majestic creatures, David! They are symbols of strength and courage. Thank you for sharing. Now, let's move on to you, Lily. What is your favorite animal?Lily: Hello, everyone! My favorite animal is a horse. Horses are elegant and graceful. They can run really fast, and they are good at jumping. I like riding horses and taking care of them. They make me feel free and happy.Teacher: Horses are magnificent animals, Lily! They have been our companions for centuries. Thank you for sharing your favorite animal. Now, let's hear from you, Ethan. What is your favorite animal?Ethan: Hi, everyone! My favorite animal is a dog. Dogs are loyal and friendly. They are our best friends. I like playing fetch with them and taking them for walks. They always make me feel loved and protected.Teacher: Dogs are indeed wonderful companions, Ethan! They bring so much joy and love to our lives. Thank you for sharing. Well, class, it was fantastic to learn about your favorite animals. Remember, every animal is unique and special in its own way. Let's appreciate and respect them all.篇6Lesson 14: Our Amazing Solar SystemHello, everyone! Today, we are going on an exciting adventure to explore our amazing solar system. Are you ready? Let's start our journey!Our solar system is made up of the Sun and all the objects that orbit around it. The Sun is like a big, bright ball of fire in the sky. It gives us light, heat, and energy. We should always remember to never look directly at the Sun because it can hurt our eyes.Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun. It's a small, rocky planet that is very hot during the day and extremely cold at night. It takes Mercury only 88 days to orbit around the Sun. That's really fast!Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It's often called Earth's sister planet because it's similar in size. Venus has thick clouds that trap heat, making it the hottest planet in our solar system. Did you know that it spins in the opposite direction compared to most other planets?Earth is our home planet, and it's the third planet from the Sun. We are so lucky to live here! Earth has everything we need to survive – air, water, and beautiful landscapes. It takes 365 days for Earth to complete one orbit around the Sun, and that's why we have different seasons.Next, we have Mars, also known as the "Red Planet." It gets its nickname from the reddish color of its surface. Scientists have sent many missions to Mars to learn more about it. Who knows, maybe one day we'll be able to visit Mars and explore it ourselves!Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. It's so big that all the other planets could fit inside it! Jupiter has a big, redspot called the Great Red Spot. It's actually a huge storm that has been going on for hundreds of years. Isn't that amazing?Saturn is famous for its beautiful rings made up of ice and rocks. These rings make Saturn look like a giant with a fancy belt. It's truly a sight to behold! Saturn also has many moons, and some of them are even covered in ice.Uranus and Neptune are the last two planets in our solar system. They are both known as ice giants because they are made mostly of ice and gas. Uranus is a bluish-green color, while Neptune is a deep blue. They are very far away, and it would take a long time to reach them.Wow! Our solar system is full of wonders. From the scorching heat of Mercury to the icy beauty of Neptune, each planet has its own unique characteristics. Remember to keep exploring and learning about our incredible universe. Who knows what other mysteries we will uncover in the future?I hope you enjoyed our journey through the solar system. Until next time, keep reaching for the stars!。
学术英语医学听力原文完整版
学术英语医学听力原文完整版<i>如题,这是完整版。
前面部分为字,后面有些单元为截图。
</i>UNIT 1Welcome to Insidermedicine In Depth. I'm Dr. Susan Sharma.Focusing time and energy on the most personally meaningful aspects of their work may help physicians avoid burnout, according to a survey published in the Archives of Internal Medicine. Here are some consequences of physician burnout, published in the Annals of Internal Medicine: Increased risk for substance abuseDamage to personal relationships, andIncreased risk for developing inappropriate prescribing patterns Researchers from the Mayo Clinic in Rochester surveyed over 550 physicians in the department of internal medicine at a large academic medical center. The survey included questions about job satisfaction, emotional well-being, and the aspects of the jobs that were the most meaningful.As many as 34% of respondents met the criteria for burnout, including emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a low sense of personal accomplishment. The 88% who said they spent at least 20% of their working time on activities they found to be the most meaningful had about half the burnout rate of those who did not.Today's research highlights the need to optimize career fit among physicians in order to reduce burnout rates.For Insidermedicine In Depth, I'm Dr. Susan Sharma.UNIT 2Emerging economies such as China, India and South Africa arediscovering there is a downside to prosperity. As incomes rise, health can decline. On Monday, the U.N. opens a high-level meeting on non-communicable diseases that usually have been associated with western nations.In recent years, India and China have seen a growing middle class. But with greater affluence has come a surge in diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and cancer. South Africa is on a similar path. The United Nations will debate what can be done about these illnesses.Project HOPE is calling on the U.N. to take strong action C not only on treatment C but prevention. The health-based NGO has programs in 35 countries on 5 continents, many of them dealing with non-communicable diseases or NCDs.One of them C the HOPE Center C is located in Johannesburg, South Africa. Stefan Lawson, country director for Project HOPE, welcomes the U.N. meeting.“It's the first time that we've had non-communicable diseases put on such a high-level forum. The last time a specific disease was done at this sort of level was for HIV and AIDS. And so, being able to push for non-communicable diseases up at that ministerial level I think will do a lot of good,“ he said.What's for dinner?Lawson said a majority of South African men and women are now overweight.。
学术英语综合听力原文
学术英语综合听力原文Academic English Listening:TranscriptToday we're going to talk about the impact of climate change on global food security. Climate change is a pressing issue facing our planet today, and it has far-reaching consequences for many aspects of human life. One such consequence is the effect on our food supply. As the climate becomes more unpredictable and extreme weather events become more frequent, agricultural production is at risk.One of the main problems is rising temperatures. Higher temperatures can cause heat stress on plants, which can lower crop yields. Additionally, increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can affect photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy. This can result in slower growth and lower nutritional value of crops.Another issue is changing precipitation patterns. Some areas may experience more frequent and intense droughts, while others may see an increase in heavy rainfall and flooding. Both of these scenarios have negative impacts on crop production. Droughts can lead to water scarcity, and without enough water, crops cannot grow. On the other hand, heavy rainfall and flooding can destroy crops and soil, making it difficult to grow anything in the future. Furthermore, climate change can also impact pests and diseases. Warmer temperatures can lead to the expansion of the range and population of certain pests, which can damage crops. In addition,changing climate conditions can create favorable environments for the spread of diseases that affect both plants and animals. Overall, climate change poses a serious threat to global food security. Without adequate food supply, there will be impacts on nutrition and health, as well as social and economic stability. It is crucial that we take immediate action to mitigate the effects of climate change and ensure a sustainable and secure food future.。
学术交流英语听力原文
学术交流英语听力原文Road BuildingGood moning,everyone. Today Il be talking about the relationship between wad building and the devekpnent ofthe American eoononty durnu the 18th century. About 340) vears ainx the Unitex Statedcconony was wowing apidly, mainly because of a booing tade in tvo important agricultural products gan and cotkon.Grain output in the castem part of America increased quickly at that time due to the rapidly gowing population and the large mumber of immigrants fion Europe. As a result, the demand for gain almost doubled. For this rcason, the trade in grain first devekoped in this part ofthe country. At the same tine, the rond system was gadually built up in order to transport the gmin fiom the numl arcas to various citics. The road building clearly helped devekop the cconony quickly in thess arcas and in the cities as welDuring the same perod,finters in the South couki gel a largee amoumt of aborers fon Aric, and they started to aow cotton As the cotton output incrcasod, the fanmees needed to sell it in other phiwes.As a esull, many nuuds were buill tko link the rumal areas to the cilies.At fist,this tade of grain and cotton tock plnce along the cosst, ornear rivers and lalkes. It took place there because it was casy and cheap to transport goods fiom one place tt another. Before 1700 it was very expensive to move the goocs by nad. So, terners had to rely manty on tivers to mose their crops to markets.At that time, there was only one contingous road that existod in the US. It ran from north to south aong country toads which were linked together to make one long road. Within a short time the finst enst-to-west roas were buill. They were called tempikes Private comparnes built these roads and collected fees fiom all vehicles that taveled on them.Evenlually,because ofthe bonning trnie of wain and colon, a nelwork of rowys was completed that conpected some major cities and towns. Akhough taveling was still costly for lartners,they oon prefened to neve their crsps bo cilies and other aress on roklwys rather than by boat because it was aster and more convenientSoheee we can soe a lather clear picture of roed buildine in the Unied States and its inpact on cconomic development during that peridd.The Mississippi River in AmericaGood afternoon. Today we're going to tak about the Mississippi River. The Missssppi River is the larsest river of the North America. Its major tributaries drain an aren of approximately 3,000,000 squnrekilometers. or about one-eighth of the entire continent, The Missssppi River lies entirely in the United States. From its source at lake Itasca in Minncsota. it floys fom the North almost duc south across the continenta interior, collecting the waters of its major tributaries, down to the Gulf of Mexico.TheMighty Mssissippi as it is aflectionately known, flows a total distance about 4.000 kilometers from its source. With its tributarics, the M iss iss ppi drains all or part of31 U.s. state s arki two Canadin pro vincesAs everyone knows, in the past the river was the most important way of transporting goods from the North to the South, or from the South to the North in the United StatesThe Mississinoi River is also a river that con somctimcs ect out o feontro] and causc serious flooding in summer. Nowadays engineers use fbour different methods to control the loodwaters ofthe river. These lour ways are: food ways,dams, levees and reservoirs. Tu discuss each ofthese here.Floodways are the first way of controlling the foodwaters of the Mississippi River Foodways are empty channels ready to hold water from the river. When the Mississippi River is too high, the floodways are opened and some of the water can flow into the floodways. There are several floodways along the lower Mississippi River, which help prevent flooding effectivelyThe scoond way of controlling the floodwaters of the Mississippi River is with dams. Dams are walls that are bult across a river to control the water. There are more than 30 dams on the Miss issinpi River. Dams conttol the water by hokding the water behind them until a decision is made to release it.Levees are a third way ofcontro lling the floodwaters of the Missssippi River. Levees are earthen walls built alongside a river. They bold the water in the river and keep it fiom covering the land beside the river. There are morc than 2,000 miles of levecs along the Mississippi River.In the 19th and 20th centuries, several reservoirs were but along the Mussissippi River to harness the water. They have two functions.One is to bold water, and tbe other is lo generale electricity through hydroelectric power stations. Since the 20th century, no huge flood has broken out oftbe Mississippi River.mUnit 2 Energy Conservation omAn Eyewitness to Changes in China(Y: Yang Rui,anchor of Dialogue,CCTV-9R:Sidney Rittenbergpresident of Rittenberg Associates,Incorporated.)Y:Mr Rittenberg,you are a successful businessman and also a bigname to the Chinesdue to your close assoc iation with the first gencration of the PRC leaders. How do you ook at the inpact that that experience has had on your current perception of China's re form and deveopmenr?R:Ifeel in my heart that what I'm doing today is a continuation o f what I was tr ying to doin tbe that is, I had this ambition, this dream from the time that I began studying Chinese at Stanford University in 1943,I had this dream of working to build bridges between Chinese people and American people, and to help them understand each other and cvoperute tossther And I tried to do that in the past, working in China in Mao'sComprehensive Acade mic Enghsh For Gadiestesday. And that's exactly what I'm trying to do today. I really think that what I'm doing todav is more effective than what i was ab le to do in the past.Y:At that time many foreigners came to China, but you were nmong the very few who sotc lose to the Communist Party ofChina.R:You know, it's quite obvious to me that the only reason that the Communist Puty ofChina was able to win in the final stages of the Civil War is because of their extremely close relations with the pcople. The Chinesc pcoplethat came to know them, trusted them and consiiered them their representatives. This small peasant army led by Man Zedong had no tanks, no big guns, no planes, and was greatly outnumbered by the opposition, which was the most power ful armed force in Asia a fter the Second World War.And vet in only three and a half years, the Nationalists were comp letely dekaicd and driven off to the island province of Taiwan Why? Because the ties that the Cammunists had with the Chinese people were unbreakable. They had their trust. They had their confidence and support. And that was something that the Nationalists were not able to gel.You know, the Revolutionary Army was a poor army, even in terns of the food they got. The soldiers had gguss sandals that they made thenselves along the march. Bu what made them do it? The fhet that they had a vision. They believed that they were fighting for their land, for their family to have their own tirmland, and for a fiir government that would listen to the people and do what they needed. So this is the only explanation I can think of for why they were able to winY:In the long March you just talked about, the Communist army had to avercomeextreme difficultics. But in the new Long March of modenization today, we arc also hcing difficulties, though very different, What's your view of this new lonp March? R:Iagree with calling this a new LongMarch, only the barriers are very different. Thoscbarriers were certainly very srim and threatening. Some of these barriers. kook very good and inviting bul aclually they are nol I mean, in the days be lore and during the Long March,the leaders had the task of studying theC hinese reality and getting everybody thal they couki mfuence to stuly realily ank from i to derive a set ol policees, praclical strategies to guide everybody. So people had a shared vision and dream. They were motivaled by this comon drean o work logether. And ! think, during the curreni Long March of modernization, China would need to do the same thing, to gradually study Chinese reality and develop a set of strategies, a common vision and a set of values that most people will share. And then you'll find that you don't have a problem of disconnection between the central government and local governments, or a problem ofa big gap between city and country life.Y:Still, pcople are wondering in this country why we were able to live with poverty buthave problems living with the new wealth.R:Again it's the lack of a practical down-to-carth, realistic vision that everyone shares, inmy opinionI remember atter the "Great T eap Farwad" when there was a fiumine. many,many pcople in Beijing. including government workers, professors in schools, their aces were swollen because peopleweren't getting enough food. But nobody admilled that i ws because of malnutrilion. No one said, "t's because we don't have enough food." You know, I personally don't think that, for most poople, they wereComprehensive Acade mic Inghsh For Gadisstesmotivated just for a distant future dream of Communism. It was because of what the new govermmet had actually already done for the people: workers got their cight hours a day, furmers got their own land for the tirst time, the public health campaigns, ete. Thesc things raised the standards of living. cspecially during the first five or six years from 1949 to 1955. Tremendous social changes made people feel, "This is my governme nt, they represent my interests, they bring me rcal benefits." Y:What lessons do wou think we should draw fiom the Culunl Rewolution?R:WellI think the Cullual Revolution pointed ou one act. which actually wasarticulated by Deng Xiaoping in his interview afer the Cultural Revolution with an American correspondent. He said that any government that doesn't succeed in making life better for most poople in China year by year is dot going to succeed. And I think that was the lesson that wus taught: it's not enough just to have rrowth of the economy. you've got to make pcople feel that you represent their interests and you are working for them.Y:Besides making pcople's life better, there is another core idca of Deng Xiaopingstheory, that is, the emane pation o f people's mnd.R:Ithink the emancipaton of the fallo wed the Cultural Revoluton is equslly important Lothe development of the market economy in Chinn today.But compared to the economic retormi think the emanc paton ofthe mind hasn't gone far enough There's still the shadow of the okd feudalistic habits of governments and individunls in their thinking and in theit relationships. When I say a common visiont, I don't mean a political code that e veryone recites. I mean a feeling that we are working together to build a common socety that's more or less represented by the eizht lmes that were rased by Presideni Hu Jintao, the moral code.Talk with “Harry Potter"-Daniel Radeliffe Answers Questions form WWW FansQ: Ilow does it feel to work with the same sroup ofactors and actresses again?A:lt always bels sood working with Emma, Rupert, Tom and Matthew. We have becomeery good friends and as this is now the thind film we have made together ow re lationships just get stronger.Q: Are you going to work on any more Harry Potter films?A:At the moment [ am working on Harty Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban and I willcertainly make Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. After that? Who knows? Q:I really want to know how you managse to do everything you doA:I manage to fit in a lot of things thanks to the brilliant organization on the film set, byny tutors who receive a lot of support from my school, and also because I have sreat friends who I sce regularly. I can keep up to date with everything that is going on at my old school via c-ma il or text messaging.Q: Rupert seems to do other movies besides Harry Potler. I wonder if you or Emma hasplans to do other movies bes ides Harry Potter?A:As I film practically every day on the movie, it is pretty impossible to fit in other filmsComprehensive Acade mic English For Gadiastes between limes. Howe ver, last year I was able to appear as the "surprise guest" in The Play That l Wrote in the West End directed by Kenneth Branagh. It was great fun and the first time l had been on stase!Q: Have you found that people treat you and your new-tound celebrity differently inforeim countries?A:I am always completely overwhelmed by the reception I receive when I visit differentcountrics. Pcople arc always extremely kind, warm and generous and I feel ver privilewed to have visited so many countries and seen some ot the mast amazing sights in the world.Q:How does working with the new director(Alforso Cuon) compare with yourexpericnce with Chris Columbus?A:First of all, I consider myself wery lucky to have worked with two great directors onthese flms.Chrb is, wthou doubi, the most energelic dtrector I have ever mel le was ams zing in keeping us motivated and in encouraging us every step of the way. Alfouso on the other hand directs in a nkre intense way. The scenes in this filin are some ofihe mo st passionate and emotional l bave ever worked on, and Alfonso's style has been tery he lp ful to me.O:Have you ever felt like you wanted to go back to your normal life, instead of beingfmous?A:As Aras I am concerned I am a normal person. I go back to school when I am notfilming.[ w out with my fiends, I go to the cinem - all the normalthinggs that teerngers do. There is an assumption that I cannot leave my house without being hounded -that is not the casc. I am able to do many more things than pcople think l canO:What did it fcel like to talk to Dobby the computerized housc elf? Is it hard torememher your lines?A:Ived doing the Dobby scenesI lalked to an cranme ball at the end ofa blick. l wasvery detailed work because as he bounced around I had to ensure tbat my eyeline was in exncily the righl posilion. Il was demanding bul when I saw the end result l was really pleased.Q: What are your favorite things to do during your lime off?A:Iam abso lutely obsessed wtth film and musc. I am lcarmng the bass guitaf and it goeseverywhere with me. A so, I have a portable DVD player, which travels wih me with a large supplv of films. These two things occupy most of my spare time. Q: Are you a football (soccer) fan? If so, of what team?A: I don't really play fbotball but I support Fulham as I live very c lose to the groundUnit 3 TrafficDriving While on a Cell Phone Worse Than Driving While Drunk21:44:27 EDTJune 29,2006Comprehensive Acade mic Enghsh For GadiastesThursday,June 29 -Maneuvering through traffie while taking on the phone inereases the likelihood of an accident five-fold and is actually more dangcrous than driving drunkU.S.researchers reportThat finding held true whether the driver was holding a cell phone or using a hands- free device. the researchers noled."As a socicty, we have agreod on not tolerating the risk associated with drunk driving.”said researcher Frank Drews, an assistant professor of psychology at the Universily ofUtah "This study shows us that sonebody who is conversing on a cell phone is exposing him or herself and others to a similar risk - cell phones actually are a bigher risk,"" he said.His tean's report appears in tbe summer issue of the journal Human Factors.In the study40 people followed a pace car allong u prescribed course, using a driving simulator.Some pcople drove while talking on a cell phone, others navigatod while drunk(meaning their blood-alcohol limit matched the lesal linit of 0.08 percent), and others drove with no such distractions or impairments."We found an increased accident rate when people were conversing on the cell phone," Drews said Drivers on cell phones were 5.36 times more likely to get in an acc ident than non-d istracted drivers, the researchers found.The phone users fared even worse than the inebriated. the Utah team found. There were three aocidents among those talking on cell phones - all of them involving a rear-ending of the pace car. In contrast,thete wete no accidents recorded amone participants who were drunk. or the sober.cell-phone- fiee goup.The bottom hne: Cellphoe use wus linked to "a sanificunt increase im the kxident eate," Drews said.He sakl there was a diflerence betweeen the behvors of drunk drvers and those who were talking on the phone. Dunk drivers tended to be aguressive, while those talking on the phone wvenc more shigeish,Drews said.In additio, the rescarchers found talkine an the cell phone meduct rcaction time by 9 pcrcent in terms of bakine and 19 ocroent in terms of pickine up soeod atier brakine,This is sienificnnt bocause it has an impact on traffic as a system," Drews. said. "lf we have drivers who are taking a lot oftime in aocelemting once having slowed down, the ovemll tlow oftaftic is damatically reduced, he said.In response to safety corcens, some states have outlawed the use ofhand-held cell phoncs wtrle rvngBul that type oflenslalion ray not be elective, becase the Utah researchers found to difference in driver parformance whether the driver was holding the phone or talking on a hands- frce modelOuake Kills at least300 on Indonesian IslandVice Prnikor Sansup o 2.000Coli Be Dexi(CNN)-A major carthquake struck off the west coast of Indonesin late Monday killing hundreds. but leas of another sunam hke those that devastated the teson m lale lDecemher have faded.On Indones.a's.Nias [sland at least 300 people died and hundreds more were reported injured orComprehensive Acade mic Engish For Gadiastestrapped,said govemment spokesman Agus Mendrona.But intenational news agencies ae repotting that between 1,000 and 2,000 people may have been killed on Nias IslandIt is predictod and it's still a rouph estimate - that the mumber of the victims of dead may be between 1.0000a 2000"Vie Pruskient JusufKalla told the el Shinta rudio station, accondimir to The Associated Press.Betwcen 500 and 1,000 homes were destrovodand the island's public market was ablaze. Mencro said.Betwcen 10,000 and 15.000 pcople an to hiltops for safety in caseofa tsunami, Mendrova said. May ofthe doctors an nurses whe normally wwoukl stft the hospital fied to hwher goundWe have not beard of any tsunami hiting amywhere,Jan Egcland.the UN.emerecnevrelicf coordinato. told CNN from New Yodk ncarly six hours after the temblor struck.Slil, Esean sul,the earthquse ilsell was tesponsble lut casusllies an slans chse lo the epicenterDosers ofaid oflicals met overnight in Suratra to plan a course ofadtion afer daylight breaks in the eegion, Egeland said.There was a report of heavy damge on Simeule lsland in Indonesia,said Bernd Schell, heud oftsunami operations for the Intemational Foderation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Socicties.Sneakire fio sothern Acch,Schell said "henvy.hewy shaking" lasted about three minutes Based on the size of the earthquake, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration initinlly uje reenients within 1,000 killometers (620 miles) of the epicenter to evacuunte constal regiors.But no tsunamis were reportod along Indonesia's island coasts,while India. Malaysia and Thailand canceled tsunami wanings early Tuesdry.The quake's magnitude was variously roported by monitoring agencics as 8.7 and 8.5. The US Geolagcal Survey reported the fommeraffer initia lly putting the magnitude at 8.2; the Pacific Tsunant Wating Cene tepored the bler.The main jolt was located wear the coast of northern Sumatr,about 200 kilometers(125 miles) west wihwest olSbulgs,arkl aboul 1,400 kilomelers (880 miles ) morthwed. ofJbart, lnuonesas capitaL The US. Geological Survey said the quake was 30 kilometers(20mies)decp The yuke sruckat 11 09p.m.(04:09p.mGMT.11:09a.mET)I waes fel in Iklonesin Maaysa. Singapore and as far hoeth as Banpkok, ThailandUnit4 Social BehaviorThe Men's Movement:What Does It Mean to Be a Man?As a result of the Women's Movenent. more wonen are working outside the tomme. and many men are playing a more active role in family life and are taking on some of tbe tasks involved in child care and housework In add ition to these chanees irside the home men are today eniering occupations that used to be considered women's abs. Mare met are becoming nurses and teachers ofyoune chidren Other men are tind ire that they have moreComprehensive Acade mic Enghsh For Gadistes female colleagues and bosses at work than ever befbre. and they are having to adapt to women's styles of comnication and manacement,which can difter considerably fiom thoss of men. At work,as well aa at home. mry men todiy in miern North American socety have to plav very diffierent roles than their fathees did. They arc, as a resut, joining with other men in a countanovement called the Men's Movement to sek to provide one another with the support they ncod to cope with the roles cxpcetod of men in today's worldExacth what forns does the Men's Movement takeand what do men in the Men's Momeni hope to acheve try beine aclve n the movernent? To begn wilh. the Mien's Movement has nko unifed,mooolibic philoscplyAhhouth there re s muudber ofunifying tberpes, tbere are also some interestine differences among the basic groups associated with the Men's Mowement. Several writers who write about the Men's Movement have identified four besic rroups of men active in the movementThe first group is labelod the male feminists, and these men wock for women's rights and equshty between the sexes. Some of the men in ths first sroup are vocal ahout bhamirg other men li much of the violenoc against women and for the inoquality that cxists between men and women in telationships and the job market Not all memhers of the Men's Movenent, however, cosnier thin hist group of men to he an ntesral part ofthe Men's Movement. To be sure, the other three groups focus more on men's issues than do the so-called male feninists.The second orentation in the Men's Movement altracts men who join men's support groups to mect regularly and give and receive psschological sapport in dealing with problems created by the new roles they lave to play at hone and at work. These men are attcmpting to lcan to beter cxpress ther foelings and emotions, and to show sensitivity without being ashaumed. A third group in the Men's Movement corsists ofmen who want ko set back the power they fixl they have lost becun ofthe advances made by women as a result of the Women's Movemeut and feminist causes. They are nale actsts. Fnally, there is an appeach to the movement called the mytho-poetic Men's Movement The men involved in this aspect of the Men's Movement believe that men should be initiatod into manhood as men were initintod when pcople still lived in small tribes and bands in morc ancicnt culfures. This group initiates men using mythology, poetry (heree the name nrytho-poetic)and other ritunk, such as dancing. to explore and aftirm the value ofmasculinity and masculinc approaches to problem solving, Men who subscribe to this vicwpoint worry that too much contnct with women and too little contact with other men has tuuned men into weaklings or wimps.So,the Men's Movement is very diverse,A man who wanis to join the movement has many options of just bow be will explore the question"What does it mean to be a man in today's world?"Husbands and Wives:a Caller form NorthbridgeJ:And now some final calls for Shirley San Fader and "Wat a minte, You can't have it all" shesays to working women. Hello. M:Hi,Jery J: Yes,sir.M:Jerry, I'm calling firom Northbridge,and Shirlcy, hi, how are yous S: Hi.MThis is just one ofthose dnys where all day I've been getting what I need I tuan on the radio afierI'm done comg ny housework. and ! sot what l needed in the last ten mnutes l've lstened l willComprehensive Acade mic Enghsh For Gadisstesnever,ever subject mry wile to what she's been doing since we've been married for the last eight YeaTs.During the last year of our muriage,I wus the sole worker. She wus home due to, you know. nemployment.Twowocks after she started a joh, I was laid off And I just can't believe it- she would oome home and do this and then "Honey,honey-let me do it Let me do it." And now I'm siting in a little office that I had to create in my basement with -1 just can't believe all tho things that she acoomplishod cven when she was just home. It's completely overwhelming.: How old are you?M:Im thirty-fourShe's thitysix上Chiklren?M:Two tcenage girls. J:Right.M:Lucky us Ankl il's a lundfil An then, ofexunse, aller you'e aid off anl evenythirg ges fonbad to worse - the washing machine breaks. The dryer's fine, so I only have to waste an bou going to the lauelrornat to wash an then come back and dry, and you know il"s just one thing afer another. And I tell ber about how ny day went affer she comes hone,and sbe says,"Houey remember when the washer broke before, when you were working?" And t's a real trip, and ! really underestinated -I don't know if underestimatod is the word - I teally took for granted all the thin.ss that were done aoumd here and- J:Are wou working yoursefnow?M:No,this is just it. Two wecks afer she got a job,l was laid ott, and row I'm home,and I don'tktow how she got it all done when she was working. She ws working and doing the housework and the laundry and doing this and taking the kids here and taking the kids there, and it just never ever ends S:Rig.And that's wly they arc so stressed. And that's wlry so many pcople have answered Jemy'squestians saying their sex life is nonexistent or we won't ask you M:Wellilis righl EKw.S:Because most men have no idea of how mwch there is to do, and the women up to now have beenaliad-they don't wanl lo rick the buul They think il's woing ko be a hasske, bul they haven' fet entitled,and tbe more they understand that their job is doing for their man, they vill feel more enliled.Far example,a man who is laid ofl as you are. has the time - when there's another navcheck coming in-he has the tinne to look fior an mpproprinte job. When a mn is the sole surrport and he has to put the brcad on the table this woek, he has to take any kind of job he could possibly get and so her paycheck saves him from that - nicer things.When men come home now and tell their wives about their day, the wman is out there in the world, too. She really can wnderstand They arc more tcammates.The marriagc has more support going when they are both supporting the family and both tak ing care of it.。
学术综合英语听力原文
学术综合英语听力原文听力文章内容：In today's class, we will be discussing academic integrated listening, which is an important part of language proficiency. Academic integrated listening refers to the ability to understand and analyze a variety of academic materials and courses through language, including the language used in academic papers, conferences, and other related activities.When it comes to academic integrated listening, the ability to understand the language used in different academic fields is particularly important. For example, the language used in the field of science is different from that used in the field of humanities. Therefore, it is essential to have a good knowledge of language in order to understand and analyze academic materials effectively.In addition to language proficiency, academic integrated listening also requires good cognitive and analytical skills. You need to be able to quickly identify important information, distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information, and apply the knowledge gained to analyze and solve problems.To improve your academic integrated listening ability, you can read academic papers in English and take notes on the main points. You can also listen to English-speaking radio programs or podcasts related to yourfield of interest, which will help you familiarize yourself with the language used in different academic fields. In addition, you can attend academic conferences and other related events to improve your ability to understand and analyze academic materials.Finally, remember that improving your academic integrated listening ability requires time and effort. It is not a process that can be completed overnight, but with regular practice and attention, you can achieve significant improvement in your language proficiency and cognitive skills.。
学术英语视听说原文
学术英语视听说原文学术英语视听说原文：Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Today, I would like to present my research on the impact of climate change on biodiversity. Climate change is a pressing global issue, and its effects on biodiversity have become a topic of significant concern for scientists worldwide. In this presentation, I will discuss the current understanding of the relationship between climate change and biodiversity, as well as some potential solutions to mitigate its negative effects.Firstly, let's examine the impact of climate change on species distribution. As temperatures and weather patterns change, many species are forced to adapt or migrate to new habitats. This can lead to a disruption in ecosystems, as some species may struggle to find suitable environments or resources. For example, certain animal populations, such as polar bears, are at risk of extinction due to the melting of polar ice caps caused by global warming. Additionally, plants and insects that rely on specific temperature ranges for reproduction and survival may also be adversely affected. Understanding these shifts in species distribution is crucial for predicting and managing potential biodiversity loss. Secondly, climate change can have a significant impact on species interactions and ecological dynamics. Many species have mutually beneficial relationships, such as pollinators and plants. However, if the timing of flowering and pollinator activity is altered due to changing climate conditions, this intricate web of interactions can be disrupted. For instance, if plants flower earlier than usual,pollinators may not be ready to pollinate them, leading to reduced reproductive success. Such disturbances in species interactions can have cascading effects throughout ecosystems, affecting the overall stability and functioning of ecosystems.Thirdly, let's discuss the potential solutions for mitigating the negative effects of climate change on biodiversity. One approach is the conservation of natural habitats. By protecting and restoring ecosystems, we can provide refuge for species to adapt and survive in the face of changing climate conditions. This includes creating and maintaining protected areas, implementing sustainable land management practices, and reducing habitat fragmentation.Another strategy is promoting genetic diversity within species. Genetic diversity is important for the adaptation and resilience of populations to changing environments. By conserving diverse gene pools within species, we can increase their chances of survival and successful adaptation to climate change.Additionally, international collaboration and policy interventions are crucial for addressing climate change and its impact on biodiversity. Governments and institutions need to work together to develop and implement policies that prioritize sustainability and climate change mitigation. This includes reducing greenhouse gas emissions, promoting renewable energy sources, and supporting research efforts on climate change and biodiversity.In conclusion, climate change poses a significant threat to biodiversity. Understanding the impact of climate change on species distribution, species interactions, and ecological dynamicsis essential for developing effective conservation strategies. By conserving habitats, promoting genetic diversity, and implementing policy interventions, we can help mitigate the negative effects of climate change on biodiversity and ensure the long-term survival of Earth's ecosystems. Thank you for your attention.【参考内容】Title: The Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity Introduction:- Climate change is a pressing global issue.- Scientists worldwide are concerned about its effects on biodiversity.Main Points:1. Impact of climate change on species distribution:- Changing temperatures and weather patterns force species to adapt or migrate.- Disruption of ecosystems.- Examples: polar bears at risk of extinction.2. Impact of climate change on species interactions and ecological dynamics:- Mutually beneficial relationships between species can be disrupted.- Altered timing of flowering and pollinator activity.- Cascading effects throughout ecosystems.3. Solutions to mitigate the negative effects of climate change onbiodiversity:- Conservation of natural habitats.- Promotion of genetic diversity within species.- International collaboration and policy interventions. Conclusion:- Climate change poses a threat to biodiversity.- Understanding the impact is crucial for effective conservation strategies.- Conserving habitats, promoting genetic diversity, and implementing policy interventions can help mitigate the negative effects.。
学术英语听力8答案及原文
BDDAB1.2.3.4.5.Professor: You know, class, today we live in what's becoming essentially a single, worldwide civilization. There're still a few isolated areas that haven't hooked up to it yet, I guess, but the Africans are driving Toyotas, the Americans love sushi, the Chinese are shopping for Gucci bags, and the young people of Russia and Iran and Peru all wear Levi jeans and listen to rock music.The greatest impetus for this globalization today is no doubt the internet, but one of the first major drivers of globalization came into being about two thousand years ago. It was the Great Silk Road, which was the oldest, longest, and most historically significant trade route in the world, and it significantly changed the cultures of almost all of continental Eurasia.The Silk Road wasn't actually a single road, though. It was actually a network of trade routes between China and Italy, and it ran thousands of kilometers through and over and around the T aklimakan and Gobi Deserts, the Himalayas, and the Karakorum and Kunlun mountain ranges, through some of the most inhospitable geography on earth. Travelling across this vast area was difficult, to say the least, and it took centuries for these trade routes to reach completion.The route from the West apparently began developing earlier. The Persian Empire controlled a large portion of the Middle East- from Syria to the kingdoms of India- so trade between these nations was already affecting, uh, influencing, their cultures. Then, when Alexander the Great conquered Persia in 330 BC, trade expanded into southern Europe, and Greek culture was extended as far east as what is now Afghanistan. Alexander's empire itself did not actually last very long, but waves of succeeding ruling peoples in this crossroads area brought their cultural elements into the mix, too. In the Gandara culture of northern Pakistan, for instance, Buddhist and Greek art was fused into a unique form, where many of the carved Buddhist idols strongly resemble statues of the Greek hero, Herakles.The Silk Road developed more slowly from the East. Its first big impetus came during the Hanwestward and sent out emissaries even farther west in search of allies. In 125 BC, one of theira new, large breed of horse that would be invaluable for the Han cavalry. The emperor wascalled, were obtained, and Chinese trade missions eventually pushed through to Persia,Actually, the Silk Road's name wasn't coined until the nineteenth century, and silk was never its main commodity, though that fabric must have been very remarkable to Europeans, and it was certainly in demand. The road's most significant commodity was probably religion- primarily Buddhism, but to a lesser extent, Christianity and Islam as well. Buddhism surged east from northern India in the fourth and fifth centuries AD, where it later reached its height of development in China and Japan.Meanwhile, the secret of silk production - which had been carefully hidden from foreigners- was finally discovered. In the mid-sixth century, the Byzantine emperor, Justinian, quickly sent secret agents to China to bribe silk experts and bring back some silkworm eggs. A Christian monk smuggled these eggs out, and after this time, silk was also produced in southern Europe.The Silk Road's greatest years of art and civilization came in the seventh century, during the T ang Dynasty. In 754 AD, one of the largest Asian cities, Changan, at the eastern end of the road, boasted a population of more than five thousand foreigners from all over Eurasia. After this time, however, the internal stability of China began dissolving, and robbers and neighboring states increasingly pillaged the Silk Road caravans. Eventually, sea trade and sea travel began to supersede these slow, unsafe land routes.Nevertheless, five hundred years later, the Silk Road was still viable enough to inspire its greatest chronicler, Marco Polo, whose book, "Book Million", so famously told of his nearly twenty-five years of travel- from 1271 to1295- along its length, and his travelogue still captivates the reader with the wonders he saw along the Great Silk Road.。
学术英语视听说1原文
学术英语视听说1原文In the era of globalization, the importance of academic English, particularly in the areas of visual, aural, and speaking skills, has become increasingly apparent. These skills are not only crucial for effective communication within the academic community but also play a pivotal role in enhancing cross-cultural understanding and proficiency. The integration of visual, aural, and speaking elements in academic English learning not only enhances comprehension but also fosters a deeper understanding of diverse cultural perspectives.The visual aspect of academic English, through the use of graphics, charts, and other visual aids, allows learners to process information more efficiently. This visual literacy complements traditional textual learning, making complex ideas and theories more accessible and comprehensible. For instance, in the field of science, where concepts can often be abstract and theoretical,visual representations provide a concrete framework for understanding and retaining knowledge.The aural component of academic English is equally important, especially in the context of international conferences and collaborations. The ability to understand and speak clearly in English is paramount in bridging cultural divides and ensuring smooth communication. This skill is further enhanced through the use of audio materials, podcasts, and online resources that expose learners to native speakers and real-world applications of the language.Moreover, speaking skills in academic English are crucial for presenting research, participating in discussions, and contributing to the academic discourse. By practicing speaking in English, learners not only improve their fluency but also gain confidence in expressing their ideas and perspectives. This confidence is further bolstered by engaging in cross-cultural communication, which exposes learners to diverse viewpoints and ways of thinking.The integration of these three elements – visual, aural, and speaking – in academic English learning is particularly beneficial for developing cross-culturalproficiency. As learners engage with visual aids, listen to native speakers, and practice speaking in English, they become more attuned to the nuances of language and culture. This enhanced awareness fosters a deeper understanding of diverse cultural perspectives, promoting tolerance and respect among individuals.In conclusion, academic English visual, aural, and speaking skills are integral to enhancing cross-cultural understanding and proficiency. By leveraging these skills, learners can not only communicate effectively within the academic community but also develop a broader understanding of global perspectives and issues. The continuous development and refinement of these skills are essentialfor fostering a culture of mutual respect and understanding in an increasingly interconnected world.**学术英语视听说与跨文化交流能力的提升**在全球化的时代，学术英语的重要性，特别是在视听和口语技能方面，已经变得越来越明显。
学术英语视听说1听力原文
Unit 1 ■Warm Up■Listening Task 1 First Listening Answers Second Listening ScriptThe neighborhood children my age played together: either active, physical games outdoors or games of dolls-and-house indoors. I, on the other hand, spent much of my childhood alone. I would curl up in a chair reading fairytales and myths, daydreaming, writing poems or stories and drawing pictures. Sometime around the fourth grade, my “big”(often critical, judgmental) Grandma, who would been visiting us said to me, “What is wrong with you! Why don’t the other children want to play with you?” I remember being startled and confused by her question. I would never been particularly interested in playing with the other children. It had not, till then, occurred to me that that was either odd or something wrong with me. Nor had it occurred to me that they did not “ want to play with” me. My first conscious memory of feeling different was in the fourth grade. At the wardrobe, listening to classmates joking, chattering and laughing with each other, I realized I had not a clue about what was so funny or of how to participate in their easy chatter. They seemed to live in a universe about which I knew nothing at all. I tried to act like others but it was so difficult. I felt confused and disoriented. I turned back to my inner world: reading books, writing and daydreaming. My inwardness grew me in ways that continued to move me further away from the world of my age peers. The easy flow of casual social chat has remained forever beyond my reach and beyond my interest, too.Unit 2 Personality■Warm Up■Listening Task 1 ScriptEverybody cheats. Whether it's the taxi driver who tricks a visitor and takes himthe long way round, or the shop assistant who doesn't give the correct change, or the police officer who accepts a bride - everybody's at it. Cheats in the news include the scientist whose research was based on fake data, the game show contestant who collaborated with a friend in the audience to win a million pounds, and the doctor who forged his qualifications and wasn't really a doctor at all. Everybody cheats; nobody's playing the game.Is cheating acceptable, a natural way of surviving and being successful? Or is it something that should be frowned on, and young people discouraged from doing? If it's the latter, how can we explain to children why so many bend the rules?Take sport for example. The pinnacle way of football, the World Cup, was rife with cheating,. Whether pretending to be hurt or denying a handball, footballers will do anything for a free-kick or a penalty shot. French player Henry—■Real World Listening ScriptMr.Washington: George, are you sure you had nothing to do with chopping downthe cherry tree?George: I don't clearly recall chopping this tree down. Mr.Washington:Isn’t this your axGeorge：That appears to be very si e? milar to my axe.Mr.Washington: But your axe is right here, and the tree is freshly cut, and you are the only person around. Mrs.Washington:Oh,just drop it, and it’s only a tree.Mr.Washington: But it’s not the tree. We really need to find out if he’s being ho nestwith us. I won’t put up with lying, and he shouldn’t get you tocover up for him.George：I’m going to say this one more time: I didn’t chop down that tree—thecherry tree—and I did not ask anyone to lie. Not one time.Never!Mr.Washington: George, there’s no fresh-cut firewood around, but your hair andclothing are full of wood chips, and the chips look like cherrywood to me. How do you explain that? George：Well, it’s possiblethat I might have swung the axe in an inappropriate manner whichmight have resulted in some harm to the tree, but at the momentyou asked me, I was thinking of w hat “chop” means and myaction didn't meet my definition of“chopping”, so I didn’t lie. Mrs.Washington: This is not really worth all the fuss. Even if he did it, it’s only a tree, Let’s forget it and enjoy this lovely afternoon. George: Thank you,Mom.We have stately oak tree on the front lawn. Can I try my axe again there?Unit 3 Lifestyle■Warm Up■Listening Task 1 Script:When she has young children, a stay-at-home mom has two jobs. Her house and her kids. A stay-at-home mom is expected to do all the house cleaning. She is expected to always be the one to get up in the middle of the night, do the schoolthings---room-mother, baker, coordinator, chauffeur and carpooler, etc. Often, astay-at-home mom is expected to take over “daddy-type” chores such aslawn-mowing and taking cars for repair. Imagine sitting in a repair shop with twosquirmy toddlers! The worse thing is that the stay-at-home mom is made to feel guilty for saying “no”. The reason the stay-at-home mom does not get her nails done or have a spa day is she feels guilty for spending family money on herself.Gosh, you all have such hectic lives. I’m dizzy just hearing your daily activities. I guess I have it nice. I have no schedule at all! I get up when I want. I work my business when I want. I shop when I want to. I wash my hair when I bathe or I don’t wash my hair. When I go to work all I have to do is open up my office door in my house and I’m at work already. No traffic to deal with and there can be 10 feet of snow on the ground and I wouldn’t have to walk an inch of it because my house connects directly to my warehouse! If I get u p and don’t feel like working I don’t.■Listening Task 2 ScriptI took my first drink and smoked my first marijuana cigarette when I was 12 years old .In high school, I used all kinds of drugs. After high school until I was 21, I did a lot binge drinking .When I was 31, I started using crack cocaine. That’s when the real problems began.I was addicted to alcohol and cocaine, and my life was a wreck. I tried to quit a number of times. I moved to Mexico and gave up cocaine. I still drank and smoked marijuana, but for the time I lived there, I was off cocaine. I thought that time off cocaine would completely cure me of any desire for it, but when I got back in town two years later, I started using it again only five days later. Every part of my life was messed up. I remember my oldest son being embarrassed to be seen with me .He would pass me on the street with his friends but he wouldn’t even speak to me. Thebottom came for me when I was finally evicted from my apartment. I lost my car my car, my home and my sons. I looked in the mirror that day, and I couldn’t look myself in the eyes. The next morning, I showed up at the treatment center. The first few days of detox and treatment were hard, but I was convinced that I needed help, so I stayed. I’ve b een clean now for five years, and I have a new life .■Real World Listening ScriptReporter: Are you treated differently in the workplace as a woman?Nancy: Between changing gender and becoming a blonde, I’ve lost 20 IQ points in the public’s eyes. Use to your advantage though, I’m not pretty enough to do it very well. It is a challenge. I kind of broke through the glass ceiling from the wrong direction.Reporter: Switching from slacks to pantyhose cannot be easy, even if you hate slacks.Nancy: To tell the truth, it took a lot of time for me to get comfortable with your new self, your new presentation, learning how to deal with society. Women spend their whole lives knowing what makeup works well for them, what clothing works on them.For peo ple like me ,it takes a while to do.I am tall,when I walk into a room,it’s like someone from the NBA showed up.Trying to find clothing that fits me is just not that easy.Reporter: How do the people you work with, the ones who knew you as Neil, consider you now?Nancy:The response for me was really positive. we all joked about wearingpantyhose, whether “my condition” was contagious ,those sorts of things .But when all was said and done and the dust settled, everyone got back to work .Now if you were to talk with anyone who works with me, they’d say,“what’s the issue? She’s just Nancy.”The whole transgender thing is well behind us.Unit 4 Family■Warm Up■Listening Task 1The traditional American family is a "nuclear family”. A nuclear family refers to a husband and wife and their children. The average American family today has two or three children.In some cultures, people live close to their extended family. several generations may even live together. In America,only in a few cases does more than one household live under one roof.American values are valued in the home. Many homes are run like a democracy. Each family member can have a say. A sense of equality often exists in American homes. Husbands and wives often share household chores. Often parents give children freedom to make their own decisions.Preschoolers choose what clothes to wear which toys to buy.Young adults generally make their own choices about what career to pursue and whom to marry.Families in America, like those in every culture, face many problems. Social pressures are breaking apart more and more American homes. Over half of US marriages now end in divorce. More than one in four American children are growing up in single-parent homes. As a result, many people believe the American family is in trouble.Even so, there is still reason for hope, many organizations are working hard tostrengthen families. American almost unanimously believe that the family is one of the most important parts of life. They realize that problems in family life in recent years have brought serious consequences. As a result, more and more people are making their family a priority. Many women are quitting their jobs to stay home with their children.Families are going on vacations and outings together.Husbands and wives are making a concentrated effort to keep their family solid.The United Nations has declared 1994 the "International year of family".not just in America,but all over the world,people recognize the importance of a strong family bond.Unit 5 Health and Diet Warm Up Script/Answers Listening Task 1 ScriptI had just turned 40,and had spent most of my adult life working as a public relations consultant with little time to cook, let alone learn how to cook . But a few years ago I made a resolution to start writing down the recipes I had grown up with and posting them to my website .I come from a big family –six kids-and thought what a terrific family project to document our family recipes !both my father and mother are excellent home cooks ,mom raises us all ,and dad loves to eat well and enjoy the experimentation of trying out new recipes .I am spending a lot of time with my parents lately ;we cook a meal and then over dinner discuss the finer points of the proper way to proper way to prepare the dishes ,and whether or not a new recipe was worth the effort .Many of the recipes are family recipes, and many of them are those that we pick from cookbooks, magazines, and newspaper clippings we have collected over30years .but sometimes it is hard when you only a clipping. The recipes shown here use mostly whole food ingredients and only occasionally a few things, from cans or prepared foods .we believe in a varied , healthy diet ,using real butter ,real cream, eggs ,and protein from meat, fish, and cheese.About me, my name is Alice Bauer and I am a partner in a consulting firm in the san Francisco bay area. I maintain several weblogs in addition to Simply Recipes as part ofThanks so much for visiting Simply Recipes!■Listening Task 2 Real World Listening ScriptGrace: Welcome to “Let’s Get into Shape”! I’m your host, Grace Stockdale. Today our program is about 10-minute workout to keep fit. Today we have gabby Collins here to share her experience of fitness and answer listeners’ questions o n physical exercise. Thanks for joining us, gabby.Gabby: hi there! I’m very happy to share some time with you.Grace: so gabby, as I know, your two ten-minute workouts- which target arms, stomach and legs—are a quick and simple way to get into shape.Gabby: right, regardless of your level of fitness , they help you to lose weight and to be vigorous enough to engage in daily routines and to handle various stresses. You know, obesity raises the possibility of developing diseases.Grace: absolutely! Exercise keeps you fit and healthy. And here comes the first call for questions.Listener 1: hello , gabby ,running is not my thing, so where should I start ?Gabby: if you’ve never been a runner, start by walking quickly for a minute and then alternate by jogging for a minute. Do this four minutes. If you are starting with a good level of fitness, jog for a minute and sprint for the other minute. Again do this for four minutes.Listener I : thank you ,gabby.Listener 2: hello, gabby. Each time after the exercise, I always feel stiff and sometime my muscles pull ,and it’s hard to start my next workout.Gabby: after any exercise you should stretch the muscles you have used the most. Stretching makes you feel more flexible.Listener 2: I see. I need some cool-down exercises.Gabby: sure. Let’s take an arm stretch as an example. Sitting cross-legged, raise your left arm and place your hand between your shoulder blades as if trying to reach your bottom. Now ,take your right hand reaching across the front of your chest and push the elbow of the left arm to increase the stretch. Hold for ten seconds and repeat on the other side.Listener 3: hello, gabby. How often should I do these exercise?Gabby: hum, it depends. My two workouts aim to do at least three sessions a week. Listener 3: hello, gabby. I …Review Units 1-5 Script Part 1 Part2 1. Sometime around the fourth grade, my ‘big’(often critical,judegmental) Grandma,who’d been visiting us said to me,” What’s wrong with you!Why don’t the other children want to play with y ou?” I remember being startled and confused by her question.I’d never been particularly interested in playing with the other children.Ithadn’t ,till then, occurred to me that that was either odd or something wrong with me. Nor had it occurred to me that t hey didn’t “want to play with “me. 2.Everybody cheats. Whether it’s the taxi driver who tricks a visitor and takes them the long way around, or the shop assistant who does not give the correct change, or police officer who accepts a bribe ----everybo dy’s at it. Cheats in the news include the scientist whose research was based on fake date, the game show contestant who cooperated with friend in the audience to with a million pounds, and the doctor who forged his qualifications and wasn’t rea lly a doctor at all. Everybody cheats;nob ody’s playing the game. 3. Every part of my life was messed up.I remember my oldest son being embarrassed to be seen with me. He would pass me on the street with friends but he wouldn’t even speak to me. The b ottom came for me when I was finally evicted from my apartment. I lost my car, my home and my son. I looked in the mirror that day, and I couldn’t look myself in the eyes. The next morning, I showed up at the treatment center.4.Many organizations are working hard to strengthen families.Americans almost unanimously believe that the family is one of the most important parts of life.They realize that problems in family in recent years have brought serious consequences. As a reselt,more and more people are making their family a priority.Many women are quitting their jobs to stay home with their children. Families are going on vacations and outings together. Husbands and wives are making a concentrated effort to keep their marriages solid.5.Many of the recipes are family recipes, and many of them are those that we pickfrom cookbooks,magazines,and newspaper it’s hard when you only have a clipping.The recipes shown here use mostly whole food ingredients and only occasionally a few things from cans or prepared foods. We believe in a varied, healthy diet, using real butter, real cream,eggs,and protein from meat,fish,and cheese. Part 3 1.Melanie: Your story of identity theft is quite scary. What happened?Nick: One day early in the morning, I was awakened by a loud knock. When I opened the door, five policemen were standing there telling me to go to jail.I asked why and they said that I was wanted for bank fraud. I said “I neverdid that!”and they said“that’s something we’ve never heard before…tell itto the judge.”Melanie: Did you really have to spend time in jail? Nick: Yes, I certainly did.2.Mr.Washington:We’re not finished yet.Now I’m going to ask you directly. Didyou chop down the cherry tree?George: Well, it’s possible that I might have swung the axe in an inappropriate manner which might have resulted in some harm to the tree, but at the moment you asked me, I was thinking of what “chop” means and my action didn’t meet my definition of “chopping’, so I didn’t lie.Mrs. Washington：this is not really worth all the fuss. Even if he did it, it’s only a tree. Let’s forget it and enjoy this lovely afternoon.3. Reporter: how do the people you work with, the ones who knew you as Neil,consider you now?Nancy: the response for me was really positive. We all joked about wearingpantyhose, whether “my condition” was contagious, those sorts of things. But when all was said and done and the dust settled, everyone got back to work. Now if you were to talk with anyone who works with me, they’d say, “what the issue? She’s just Nancy”, the whole transgender thing is well behind us.4. Mrs. White: what do you think is the most sensible choice for a woman in this newcentury? Should she return to being a house wife or combine career andfamily?Daisy: I think it is rewarding for a woman to have her own career or something else to do outside the home. Nowadays, many women are highly educated and they have enormous earning potential.Mrs. White:I think “being a full-time housewife” is a wise choice in this competitive world.5. Grace: So Gabby, as I know, your two ten-minute workouts – which target arms,stomach and legs—are a quick and simple way to get into shape. Grabby: Right, regardless of your level of fitness, they help you to lose weight and to be vigorous enough to engage in daily routines and to handle various stresses. You Know, obesity raises the possibility of developing disease.Grace: absolutely! Exercise keeps you fit and healthy. And here comes the first call for questions.。
学术综合英语听力原文完整版
Unit 1 Presenting a SpeechRoad BuildingGood morning, everyone. Today I'l l be talking about the relationship between r oa d building and the development of the American economy during the 18th century. About 300 years ago, the United States' economy was growing rapidly, mainly because of a booming trade in two important agricultural products: grain and cotton.Grain output in the eastern part of America increased quickly at that time due to the rapidly growing population and the large number of immigrants from Europe. As a result, the demand for grain almost doubled. For this reason, the trade in grain first developed in this part of the country. At the same time, the road system was gradually built up in order to transport the grain from the rural areas to various cities. The road building clearly helped develop the economy quickly in these areas and in the cities as well.During the same period, farmers in the South could get a large amount of laborers from Africa, and they started to grow cotton. As the cotton output increased, the farmers needed to sell it in other places. As a result, many roads were built to link the rural areas to the cities.At first, this trade of grain and cotton took place along the coast, or near rivers and lakes. It took place there because it was easy and cheap to transport goods from one place to another. Before 1700, it was very expensive to move the goods by road. So, farmers had to rely mainly on rivers to move their crops to markets.At that time, there was only one continuous road that existed in the US. It ran from north to south along country roads, which were linked together to make one long road. Within a short time, the first east-to-west roads were built. They were called turnpikes. Private companies built these roads and collected fees from all vehicles that traveled on them.Eventually, because of the booming trade of grain and cotton, a network of roadways was completed that connected some major cities and towns. Although traveling was still costly for farmers, they soon preferred to move their crops to cities and other areas on roadways rather than by boat because it was faster and more convenient.So here we can see a rather clear picture of road building in the United States and its impact on economic development during that period.The Mississippi River in AmericaGood afternoon. Today we’re going to talk about the Mississippi River. The Mississippi River is the largest river of the North America. Its major tributaries drain an area of approximately 3,000,000 square kilometers, or about one-eighth of the entire continent. The Mississippi River lies entirely in the United States. From its source at Lake Itasca in Minnesota, it flows from the North almost due south across the continental interior, collecting the waters of its major tributaries, down to the Gulf of Mexico.TheMighty Mississippi, as it is affectionately known, flows a total distance about 4,000 kilometers from its source. With its tributaries, the Mississippi drains all or part of 31 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces.As everyone knows, in the past the river was the most important way of transporting goods from the North to the South, or from the South to the North in the United States.The Mississippi River is also a river that can sometimes get out of control and cause serious flooding in summer. Nowadays engineers use four different methods to control the floodwaters of the river. These four ways are: flood ways,dams, levees and reservoirs. I'll discuss each of these here.Floodways are the first way of controlling the floodwaters of the Mississippi River. Floodways are empty channels ready to hold water from the river. When the Mississippi River is too high, the floodways are opened and some of the water can flow into the floodways. There are several floodways along the lower Mississippi River, which help prevent flooding effectively.The second way of controlling the floodwaters of the Mississippi River is with dams. Dams are walls that are built across a river to control the water. There are more than 30 dams on the Mississippi River. Dams control the water by holding the water behind them until a decision is made to release it.Levees are a third way of controlling the floodwaters of the Mississippi River. Levees are earthen walls built alongside a river. They hold the water in the river and keep it from covering the land beside the river. There are more than 2,000 miles of levees along the Mississippi River.In the 19th and 20th centuries, several reservoirs were built along the Mississippi River to harness the water. They have two functions. One is to hold water, and the other is to generate electricity through hydroelectric power stations. Since the 20th century, no huge flood has broken out of the Mississippi River.Unit 2 Energy ConservationAn Eyewitness to Changes in China(Y: Yang Rui, anchor of Dialogue, CCTV-9R: Sidney Rittenberg, president of Rittenberg Associates, Incorporated. )Y: Mr. Rittenberg, you are a successful businessman and also a big name to the Chinese due to your close association with the first generation of the PRC leaders. How do you look at the impact that that experience has had on your current perception of China's reform and development?R: I feel in my heart that what I’m doing today is a continuation of what I was tr ying to do in the that is, I had this ambition, this dream, from the time that I began studying Chinese at Stanford University in 1943，I had this dream of working to build bridges between Chinese people and American people, and to help them understand each other and cooperate together. And I tried to do that in the past, working in China in Mao’sday. And that's exactly what I'm trying to do today. I really think that what I'm doing today is more effective than what I was able to do in the past.Y: At that time many foreigners came to China, but you were among the very few who got close to the Communist Party of China.R: You know, it’s quite obvious to me that the only reason that the Communist Party of China was able to win in the final stages of the Civil War is because of their extremely close relations with the people. The Chinese people that came to know them, trusted them and considered them their representatives. This small peasant army led by Mao Zedong had no tanks, no big guns, no planes, and was greatly outnumbered by the opposition, which was the most powerful armed force in Asia after the Second World War. And yet in only three and a half years, the Nationalists were completely defeated and driven off to the island province of Taiwan. Why? Because the ties that the Communists had with the Chines e people were unbreakable. They had their trust.They had their confidence and support. And that was something that the Nationalists were not able to get.You know, the Revolutionary Army was a poor army, even in terms of the food they got. The soldiers had grass sandals that they made themselves along the march. But what made them do it? The fact that they had a vision. They believed that they were fighting for their land, for their family to have their own farmland, and for a fair government that would listen to the people and do what they needed. So this is the only explanation I can think of for why they were able to win.Y: In the Long March you just talked about, the Communist army had to overcome extreme difficulties. But in the new Long March of modernization today, we are also facing difficulties, though very different. What’s your view of this new Long March? R: I agree with calling this a new Long March, only the barriers are very different. Those barriers were certainly very grim and threatening. Some of these barriers look very good and inviting but actually they are not. I mean, in the days before and during the Long March, the leaders had the task of studying the Chinese reality and getting everybody that they could influence to study reality and from it to derive a set of policies, practical strategies to guide everybody. So people had a shared vision and dream. They were motivated by this common dream to work together. And I think, during the current Long March of modernization, China would need to do the same thing, to gradually study Chinese reality and develop a set of strategies, a common vision and a set of values that most people will share. And then you'll find that you don't have a problem of disconnection between the central government and local governments, or a problem of a big gap between city and country life.Y: Still, people are wondering in this country why we were able to live with poverty but have problems living with the new wealth.R: Again it’s the lack of a practical, down-to-earth, realistic vision that everyone shares, in my opinion. I remember after the “Great Leap Forward” when there was a famine, many, many people in Beijing, including government workers, professors in schools, their faces were swol len because people weren’t getting enough food. But nobody admitted that it was because of malnutrition. No one said, “It’s because we don’t have enough food.” You know, I personally don’t think that, for most people, they wer emotivated just for a distant future dream of Communism. It was because of what the new government had actually already done for the people: workers got their eight hoursa day, farmers got their own land for the first time, the public health campaigns, etc.These things raised the standards of living, especially during the first five or six years from 1949 to 1955. Tremendous social changes made people feel, "This is my government, they represent my interests, they bring me real benefits.”Y: What lessons do you think we should draw from the Cultural Revolution?R: Well, I think the Cultural Revolution pointed out one fact, which actually was articulated by Deng Xiaoping in his interview after the Cultural Revolution with an American correspondent. He said that any government that doesn’t succeed in making life better for most people in China year by year is not going to succeed. And I think that was the lesson that was taught: it’s not enough just to have growth of the economy, you’ve got to make people fe el that you represent their interests and you are working for them.Y: Besides making people’s life better, there is another core idea of Deng Xiaoping’s theory, that is, the emancipation of people’s mind.R: I think the emancipation of the followed the Cultural Revolution is equally important to the development of the market economy in China today. But compared to the economic reform, I think the emancipation of the mind hasn’t gone far enough. There’s still the shadow of the old feudalistic habits of governments and individuals in their thinking and in their relationships. When I say a common vision, I don't mean a political code that everyone recites. I mean a feeling that we are working together to build a common society that’s more or less represented b y the eight lines that were raised by President Hu Jintao, the moral code.Talk with “Harry Potter” –Daniel Radcliffe Answers Questions formFansQ: How does it feel to work with the same group of actors and actresses again?A: It always feels good working with Emma, Rupert, Tom and Matthew. We have become very good friends and as this is now the third film we have made together our relationships just get stronger.Q: Are you going to work on any more Harry Potter films?A: At the moment I am working on Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban and I will certainly make Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. After that? Who knows?Q：I really want to know how you manage to do everything you do.A: I manage to fit in a lot of things thanks to the brilliant organization on the film set, by my tutors who receive a lot of support from my school, and also because I have great friends who I see regularly. I can keep up to date with everything that is going on at my old school via e-mail or text messaging.Q: Rupert seems to do other movies besides Harry Potter. I wonder if you or Emma has plans to do other movies besides Harry Potter?A: As I film practically every day on the movie, it is pretty impossible to fit in other filmsbetween times. However, last year I was a ble to appear as the “surprise guest” in The Play That I Wrote in the West End directed by Kenneth Branagh. It was great fun and the first time I had been on stage!Q: Have you found that people treat you and your new-found celebrity differently in foreign countries?A: I am always completely overwhelmed by the reception I receive when I visit different countries. People are always extremely kind, warm and generous and I feel very privileged to have visited so many countries and seen some of the most amazing sights in the world.Q: How does working with the new director (Alfonso Cuaron) compare with your experience with Chris Columbus?A: First of all, I consider myself very lucky to have worked with two great directors on these films. Chris is, without doubt, the most energetic director I have ever met. He was amazing in keeping us motivated and in encouraging us every step of the way. Alfonso on the other hand directs in a more intense way. The scenes in this film are some of the most passionate and emotion al I have ever worked on, and Alfonso’s style has been very helpful to me.Q: Have you ever felt like you wanted to go back to your normal life, instead of being famous?A: As far as I am concerned I am a normal person. I go back to school when I am not filming, I go out with my friends, I go to the cinema —all the normal things that teenagers do. There is an assumption that I cannot leave my house without being hounded — that is not the case. I am able to do many more things than people think I can.Q: What did it feel like to talk to Dobby the computerized house elf? Is it hard to remember your lines?A: I loved doing the Dobby scenes. I talked to an orange ball at the end of a stick. It was very detailed work because as he bounced around I had to ensure that my eyeline was in exactly the right position. It was demanding, but when I saw the end result I was really pleased.Q: What are your favorite things to do during your time off?A: I am absolutely obsessed with film and music. I am learning the bass guitar and it goes everywhere with me. Also, I have a portable DVD player, which travels with me with a large supply of films. These two things occupy most of my spare time.Q: Are you a football (soccer) fan? If so, of what team?A: I don’t really play foot ball but I support Fulham as I live very close to the ground.Unit 3 TrafficDriving While on a Cell Phone Worse Than Driving While Drunk21:44:27 EDT June 29, 2006Thursday, June 29 —Maneuvering through traffic while talking on the phone increases the likelihood of an accident five-fold and is actually more dangerous than driving drunk, U.S. researchers report.That finding held true whether the driver was holding a cell phone or using a hands-free device, the researchers noted.“As a society, we have agr eed on not tolerating the risk associated with drunk driving,” said researcher Frank Drews, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Utah. “This study shows us that somebody who is conversing on a cell phone is exposing him or herself and others to a similar risk — cell phones actually are a higher risk,” he said.His team’s report appears in the summer issue of the journal Human Factors.In the study, 40 people followed a pace car along a prescribed course, using a driving simulator. Some people drove while talking on a cell phone, others navigated while drunk (meaning their blood-alcohol limit matched the legal limit of 0.08 percent), and others drove with no such distractions or impairments.“We found an increased accident rate when peopl e were conversing on the cell phone,” Drews said. Drivers on cell phones were 5.36 times more likely to get in an accident than non-distracted drivers, the researchers found.The phone users fared even worse than the inebriated, the Utah team found. There were three accidents among those talking on cell phones — all of them involving a rear-ending of the pace car. In contrast, there were no accidents recorded among participants who were drunk, or the sober, cell-phone-free group.The bottom line: Cell-phone use was linked to “a significant increase in the accident rate," Drews said.He said there was a difference between the behaviors of drunk drivers and those who were talking on the phone. Drunk drivers tended to be aggressive, while those talking on the phone were more sluggish, Drews said.In addition, the researchers found talking on the cell phone reduce reaction time by 9 percent in terms of braking and 19 percent in terms of picking up speed after braking. "This is significant, because it has an impac t on traffic as a system,” Drews said. “If we have drivers who are taking a lot of time in accelerating once having slowed down, the overall flow of traffic is dramatically reduced,” he said.In response to safety concerns, some states have outlawed the use of hand-held cell phones while driving. But that type of legislation may not be effective, because the Utah researchers found no difference in driver performance whether the driver was holding the phone or talking on a hands- free model.Quake Kills at Least 300 on Indonesian IslandVice President Says up to 2,000 Could Be Dead(CNN) —A major earthquake struck off the west coast of Indonesia late Monday killing hundreds, but fears of another tsunami like those that devastated the region in late December have faded.On Indonesia’s Nias Island at least 300 people died and hundreds more were reported injured ortrapped, said government spokesman Agus Mendrova.But international news agencies are reporting that between 1,000 and 2,000 people may have been killed on Nias Island.It is predicted and it’s still a rough estimate — that the number of the victims of dead may be between 1,000 and 2,000," Vice President Jusuf Kalla told the el-Shinta radio station, according to The Associated Press.Between 500 and 1,000 homes were destroyed, and the island’s public market was ablaze, Mendrova said.Between 10,000 and 15,000 people ran to hilltops for safety in case of a tsunami, Mendrova said. Many of the doctors and nurses who normally would staff the hospital fled to higher ground.“We have not heard of any tsunami hitting anywhere,” Jan Egeland, the U.N. emergency relief coordinator, told CNN from New York nearly six hours after the temblor struck.Still, Egeland said, the earthquake itself was responsible for casualties on islands close to the epicenter.Dozens of aid officials met overnight in Sumatra to plan a course of action after daylight breaks in the region, Egeland said.There was a report of heavy damage on Simeulue Island in Indonesia, said Bernd Schell, headof tsunami operations for the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.Speaking from southern Aceh, Schell said “heavy, heavy shaking” lasted about three minutes.Based on the size of the earthquake, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration initially urged residents within 1,000 kilometers (620 miles) of the epicenter to evacuate coastal regions.But no tsunamis were reported along Indonesia’s island coasts, while India, Malaysia and Thailand canceled tsunami warnings early Tuesday.The quake’s magnitude was variously reported by monitoring agencies as 8.7 and 8.5. The U.S. Geological Survey reported the former after initially putting the magnitude at 8.2; the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center reported the latter.The main jolt was located near the coast of northern Sumatra, about 200 kilometers (125 miles) west northwest of Sibolga, and about 1,400 kilometers (880 miles) northwest of Jakarta, Indonesia’s capital. The U.S. Geological Survey said the quake was 30 kilometers (20 miles) deep.The quake struck at 11:09 p.m. (04:09 p.m. GMT, 11:09 a.m. ET). It was felt in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and as far north as Bangkok, Thailand.Unit 4 Social BehaviorThe Men’s Movement: What Does It Mean to Be a Man?As a result of the Women’s Movement, more women are working outside the home, and many men are playing a more active role in family life and are taking on some of the tasks involved in child care and housework. In addition to these changes inside the home, men are today entering occupa tions that used to be considered women’s jobs. More men are becoming nurses and teachers of young children. Other men are finding that they have morefemale colleagues and bosses at work than ever before, and they are having to adapt to wom en’s styles of communication and management, which can differ considerably from those of men. At work, as well as at home, many men today in modern North American society have to play very different roles than their fathers did. They are, as a result, joining with other men in a countermovement called the Men’s Movement to seek to provide one another with the support they need to cope with the roles expected of men in today’s world.Exactly what forms does the Men’s Movement take, and what do men in the Men’s Movement hope to achieve by being active in the movement? To begin with, the Men’s Movement has no unified, monolithic philosophy. Although there are a number of unifying themes, there are also some interesting differences among the basic groups associa ted with the Men’s Movement. Several writ ers who write about the Men’s Movement have identified four basic groups of men active in the movement.The first group is labeled the male feminists, and these men work for women’s rights and equality between the sexes. Some of the men in this first group are vocal about blaming other men for much of the violence against women and for the inequality that exists between men and women in relationships and the job market. Not all members of the Men’s Movement, however, consider this first group of men to be an integral part of the Men’s Movement. To be sure, the other three groups focus more on men’s issues than do the so-called male feminists.The second orientation in the Men’s Movement attracts men who join men’s su pport groups to meet regularly and give and receive psychological support in dealing with problems created by the new roles they have to play at home and at work. These men are attempting to learn to better express their feelings and emotions, and to show sensitivity without being ashamed. A third group in the Men’s Movement consists of men who want to get back the power they feel they have lost because of the advances made by women as a result of the Women’s Movement and feminist causes. They are male activists. Finally, there is an approach to the movement called the mytho-poetic Men’s Movement. The men involved in this aspect of the Men’s Movement believe that men should be initiated into manhood as men were initiated when people still lived in small tribes and bands in more ancient cultures. This group initiates men using mythology, poetry (hence the name mytho-poetic), and other rituals, such as dancing, to explore and affirm the value of masculinity and masculine approaches to problem solving. Men who subscribe to this viewpoint worry that too much contact with women and too little contact with other men has turned men into weaklings or wimps.So, the Men’s Movement is very diverse. A man who wants to join the movement has many options of just how he wi ll explore the question, “What does it mean to be a man in today’s world?”Husbands and Wives: a Caller form NorthbridgeJ: And now some final calls for Shirley Sloan Fader and “Wait a minute. You can’t have it all,” she says to working women. Hello.M: Hi, Jerry.J: Yes, sir.M: Jerry, I’m calling from Northbridge, and Shirley, hi, how are you?S: Hi.M: This is just one of those days where all day I’ve been getting what I need. I turn on the radio after I’m done doing my housework, and I got what I needed in the last ten minutes I’ve listened. I willnever, ever subject my wife to what she’s been doing since we’ve been married for the last eight years.During the last year of our marriage, I was the sole worker. She was home due to, you know, unemployment. Two weeks after she started a job, I was laid off. And I just can’t believe it— she would come home and do this and then “Honey, honey —let me do it. Let me do it.” And now I’m sitting in a little office that I had to create in my basement with — I just can’t believe all the things that she accomplished even when she was just home. It’s completely overwhelming.J: How old are you?M: I’m thirty-four. She’s thirty-six.J: Children?M: Two teenage girls.J: Right.M: Lucky us. And it’s a handful. And then, of course, after you’re laid off and everything goes from bad to worse —the washing machine breaks. The dryer’s fine, so I only have to waste an hour going to the laundromat to wash and then come back and dry, and you know it’s just one thing after anothe r. And I tell her about how my day went after she comes home, and she says, “Honey, remember when the washer broke before, when you were working?” And it’s a real trip, and I really underestimated —I don’t know if underestimated is the word — I really took for granted all the things that were done around here and —J: Are you working yourself now?M: No, this is just it. Two weeks after she got a job, I was laid off, and now I’m home, and I don’t know how she got it all done when she was working. She was working and doing the housework and the laundry and doing this and taking the kids here and taking the kids there, and it just never ever ends.S: Right. And that’s why they are so stressed. And that’s why so many people have answered Jerry’s questions say ing their sex life is nonexistent or we won’t ask you.M: Well, it is right now.S: Because most men have no idea of how much there is to do, and the women up to now have been afraid —they don’t want to rock the boat. They think it’s going to be a hassle, but they haven’t felt entitled, and the more they understand that their job is doing for their man, they will feel more entitled.For example, a man who is laid off, as you are, has the time —when there’s another paycheck coming in — he has the time to look for an appropriate job. When a man is the sole support and he has to put the bread on the table this week, he has to take any kind of job he could possibly get, and so her paycheck saves him from that — nicer things. When men come home now and tell their wives about their day, the woman is out there in the world, too. She really can understand.They are more teammates. The marriage has more support going when they are both supporting the family and both taking care of it.。
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Unit 1 Presenting a SpeechRoad BuildingGood morning, everyone. Today I'l l be talking about the relationship between r oa d building and the development of the American economy during the 18th century. About 300 years ago, the United States' economy was growing rapidly, mainly because of a booming trade in two important agricultural products: grain and cotton.Grain output in the eastern part of America increased quickly at that time due to the rapidly growing population and the large number of immigrants from Europe. As a result, the demand for grain almost doubled. For this reason, the trade in grain first developed in this part of the country. At the same time, the road system was gradually built up in order to transport the grain from the rural areas to various cities. The road building clearly helped develop the economy quickly in these areas and in the cities as well.During the same period, farmers in the South could get a large amount of laborers from Africa, and they started to grow cotton. As the cotton output increased, the farmers needed to sell it in other places. As a result, many roads were built to link the rural areas to the cities.At first, this trade of grain and cotton took place along the coast, or near rivers and lakes. It took place there because it was easy and cheap to transport goods from one place to another. Before 1700, it was very expensive to move the goods by road. So, farmers had to rely mainly on rivers to move their crops to markets.At that time, there was only one continuous road that existed in the US. It ran from north to south along country roads, which were linked together to make one long road. Within a short time, the first east-to-west roads were built. They were called turnpikes. Private companies built these roads and collected fees from all vehicles that traveled on them.Eventually, because of the booming trade of grain and cotton, a network of roadways was completed that connected some major cities and towns. Although traveling was still costly for farmers, they soon preferred to move their crops to cities and other areas on roadways rather than by boat because it was faster and more convenient.So here we can see a rather clear picture of road building in the United States and its impact on economic development during that period.The Mississippi River in AmericaGood afternoon. Today we’re going to talk about the Mississippi River. The Mississippi River is the largest river of the North America. Its major tributaries drain an area of approximately 3,000,000 square kilometers, or about one-eighth of the entire continent. The Mississippi River lies entirely in the United States. From its source at Lake Itasca in Minnesota, it flows from the North almost due south across the continental interior, collecting the waters of its major tributaries, down to the Gulf of Mexico.TheMighty Mississippi, as it is affectionately known, flows a total distance about 4,000 kilometers from its source. With its tributaries, the Mississippi drains all or part of 31 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces.As everyone knows, in the past the river was the most important way of transporting goods from the North to the South, or from the South to the North in the United States.The Mississippi River is also a river that can sometimes get out of control and cause serious flooding in summer. Nowadays engineers use four different methods to control the floodwaters of the river. These four ways are: flood ways,dams, levees and reservoirs. I'll discuss each of these here.Floodways are the first way of controlling the floodwaters of the Mississippi River. Floodways are empty channels ready to hold water from the river. When the Mississippi River is too high, the floodways are opened and some of the water can flow into the floodways. There are several floodways along the lower Mississippi River, which help prevent flooding effectively.The second way of controlling the floodwaters of the Mississippi River is with dams. Dams are walls that are built across a river to control the water. There are more than 30 dams on the Mississippi River. Dams control the water by holding the water behind them until a decision is made to release it.Levees are a third way of controlling the floodwaters of the Mississippi River. Levees are earthen walls built alongside a river. They hold the water in the river and keep it from covering the land beside the river. There are more than 2,000 miles of levees along the Mississippi River.In the 19th and 20th centuries, several reservoirs were built along the Mississippi River to harness the water. They have two functions. One is to hold water, and the other is to generate electricity through hydroelectric power stations. Since the 20th century, no huge flood has broken out of the Mississippi River.Unit 2 Energy ConservationAn Eyewitness to Changes in China(Y: Yang Rui, anchor of Dialogue, CCTV-9R: Sidney Rittenberg, president of Rittenberg Associates, Incorporated. )Y: Mr. Rittenberg, you are a successful businessman and also a big name to the Chinese due to your close association with the first generation of the PRC leaders. How do you look at the impact that that experience has had on your current perception of China's reform and development?R: I feel in my heart that what I’m doing today is a continuation of what I was tr ying to do in the that is, I had this ambition, this dream, from the time that I began studying Chinese at Stanford University in 1943，I had this dream of working to build bridges between Chinese people and American people, and to help them understand each other and cooperate together. And I tried to do that in the past, working in China in Mao’sday. And that's exactly what I'm trying to do today. I really think that what I'm doing today is more effective than what I was able to do in the past.Y: At that time many foreigners came to China, but you were among the very few who got close to the Communist Party of China.R: You know, it’s quite obvious to me that the only reason that the Communist Party of China was able to win in the final stages of the Civil War is because of their extremely close relations with the people. The Chinese people that came to know them, trusted them and considered them their representatives. This small peasant army led by Mao Zedong had no tanks, no big guns, no planes, and was greatly outnumbered by the opposition, which was the most powerful armed force in Asia after the Second World War. And yet in only three and a half years, the Nationalists were completely defeated and driven off to the island province of Taiwan. Why? Because the ties that the Communists had with the Chines e people were unbreakable. They had their trust.They had their confidence and support. And that was something that the Nationalists were not able to get.You know, the Revolutionary Army was a poor army, even in terms of the food they got. The soldiers had grass sandals that they made themselves along the march. But what made them do it? The fact that they had a vision. They believed that they were fighting for their land, for their family to have their own farmland, and for a fair government that would listen to the people and do what they needed. So this is the only explanation I can think of for why they were able to win.Y: In the Long March you just talked about, the Communist army had to overcome extreme difficulties. But in the new Long March of modernization today, we are also facing difficulties, though very different. What’s your view of this new Long March? R: I agree with calling this a new Long March, only the barriers are very different. Those barriers were certainly very grim and threatening. Some of these barriers look very good and inviting but actually they are not. I mean, in the days before and during the Long March, the leaders had the task of studying the Chinese reality and getting everybody that they could influence to study reality and from it to derive a set of policies, practical strategies to guide everybody. So people had a shared vision and dream. They were motivated by this common dream to work together. And I think, during the current Long March of modernization, China would need to do the same thing, to gradually study Chinese reality and develop a set of strategies, a common vision and a set of values that most people will share. And then you'll find that you don't have a problem of disconnection between the central government and local governments, or a problem of a big gap between city and country life.Y: Still, people are wondering in this country why we were able to live with poverty but have problems living with the new wealth.R: Again it’s the lack of a practical, down-to-earth, realistic vision that everyone shares, in my opinion. I remember after the “Great Leap Forward” when there was a famine, many, many people in Beijing, including government workers, professors in schools, their faces were swol len because people weren’t getting enough food. But nobody admitted that it was because of malnutrition. No one said, “It’s because we don’t have enough food.” You know, I personally don’t think that, for most people, they wer emotivated just for a distant future dream of Communism. It was because of what the new government had actually already done for the people: workers got their eight hoursa day, farmers got their own land for the first time, the public health campaigns, etc.These things raised the standards of living, especially during the first five or six years from 1949 to 1955. Tremendous social changes made people feel, "This is my government, they represent my interests, they bring me real benefits.”Y: What lessons do you think we should draw from the Cultural Revolution?R: Well, I think the Cultural Revolution pointed out one fact, which actually was articulated by Deng Xiaoping in his interview after the Cultural Revolution with an American correspondent. He said that any government that doesn’t succeed in making life better for most people in China year by year is not going to succeed. And I think that was the lesson that was taught: it’s not enough just to have growth of the economy, you’ve got to make people fe el that you represent their interests and you are working for them.Y: Besides making people’s life better, there is another core idea of Deng Xiaoping’s theory, that is, the emancipation of people’s mind.R: I think the emancipation of the followed the Cultural Revolution is equally important to the development of the market economy in China today. But compared to the economic reform, I think the emancipation of the mind hasn’t gone far enough. There’s still the shadow of the old feudalistic habits of governments and individuals in their thinking and in their relationships. When I say a common vision, I don't mean a political code that everyone recites. I mean a feeling that we are working together to build a common society that’s more or less represented b y the eight lines that were raised by President Hu Jintao, the moral code.Talk with “Harry Potter” –Daniel Radcliffe Answers Questions formFansQ: How does it feel to work with the same group of actors and actresses again?A: It always feels good working with Emma, Rupert, Tom and Matthew. We have become very good friends and as this is now the third film we have made together our relationships just get stronger.Q: Are you going to work on any more Harry Potter films?A: At the moment I am working on Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban and I will certainly make Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. After that? Who knows?Q：I really want to know how you manage to do everything you do.A: I manage to fit in a lot of things thanks to the brilliant organization on the film set, by my tutors who receive a lot of support from my school, and also because I have great friends who I see regularly. I can keep up to date with everything that is going on at my old school via e-mail or text messaging.Q: Rupert seems to do other movies besides Harry Potter. I wonder if you or Emma has plans to do other movies besides Harry Potter?A: As I film practically every day on the movie, it is pretty impossible to fit in other filmsbetween times. However, last year I was a ble to appear as the “surprise guest” in The Play That I Wrote in the West End directed by Kenneth Branagh. It was great fun and the first time I had been on stage!Q: Have you found that people treat you and your new-found celebrity differently in foreign countries?A: I am always completely overwhelmed by the reception I receive when I visit different countries. People are always extremely kind, warm and generous and I feel very privileged to have visited so many countries and seen some of the most amazing sights in the world.Q: How does working with the new director (Alfonso Cuaron) compare with your experience with Chris Columbus?A: First of all, I consider myself very lucky to have worked with two great directors on these films. Chris is, without doubt, the most energetic director I have ever met. He was amazing in keeping us motivated and in encouraging us every step of the way. Alfonso on the other hand directs in a more intense way. The scenes in this film are some of the most passionate and emotion al I have ever worked on, and Alfonso’s style has been very helpful to me.Q: Have you ever felt like you wanted to go back to your normal life, instead of being famous?A: As far as I am concerned I am a normal person. I go back to school when I am not filming, I go out with my friends, I go to the cinema —all the normal things that teenagers do. There is an assumption that I cannot leave my house without being hounded — that is not the case. I am able to do many more things than people think I can.Q: What did it feel like to talk to Dobby the computerized house elf? Is it hard to remember your lines?A: I loved doing the Dobby scenes. I talked to an orange ball at the end of a stick. It was very detailed work because as he bounced around I had to ensure that my eyeline was in exactly the right position. It was demanding, but when I saw the end result I was really pleased.Q: What are your favorite things to do during your time off?A: I am absolutely obsessed with film and music. I am learning the bass guitar and it goes everywhere with me. Also, I have a portable DVD player, which travels with me with a large supply of films. These two things occupy most of my spare time.Q: Are you a football (soccer) fan? If so, of what team?A: I don’t really play foot ball but I support Fulham as I live very close to the ground.Unit 3 TrafficDriving While on a Cell Phone Worse Than Driving While Drunk21:44:27 EDT June 29, 2006Thursday, June 29 —Maneuvering through traffic while talking on the phone increases the likelihood of an accident five-fold and is actually more dangerous than driving drunk, U.S. researchers report.That finding held true whether the driver was holding a cell phone or using a hands-free device, the researchers noted.“As a society, we have agr eed on not tolerating the risk associated with drunk driving,” said researcher Frank Drews, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Utah. “This study shows us that somebody who is conversing on a cell phone is exposing him or herself and others to a similar risk — cell phones actually are a higher risk,” he said.His team’s report appears in the summer issue of the journal Human Factors.In the study, 40 people followed a pace car along a prescribed course, using a driving simulator. Some people drove while talking on a cell phone, others navigated while drunk (meaning their blood-alcohol limit matched the legal limit of 0.08 percent), and others drove with no such distractions or impairments.“We found an increased accident rate when peopl e were conversing on the cell phone,” Drews said. Drivers on cell phones were 5.36 times more likely to get in an accident than non-distracted drivers, the researchers found.The phone users fared even worse than the inebriated, the Utah team found. There were three accidents among those talking on cell phones — all of them involving a rear-ending of the pace car. In contrast, there were no accidents recorded among participants who were drunk, or the sober, cell-phone-free group.The bottom line: Cell-phone use was linked to “a significant increase in the accident rate," Drews said.He said there was a difference between the behaviors of drunk drivers and those who were talking on the phone. Drunk drivers tended to be aggressive, while those talking on the phone were more sluggish, Drews said.In addition, the researchers found talking on the cell phone reduce reaction time by 9 percent in terms of braking and 19 percent in terms of picking up speed after braking. "This is significant, because it has an impac t on traffic as a system,” Drews said. “If we have drivers who are taking a lot of time in accelerating once having slowed down, the overall flow of traffic is dramatically reduced,” he said.In response to safety concerns, some states have outlawed the use of hand-held cell phones while driving. But that type of legislation may not be effective, because the Utah researchers found no difference in driver performance whether the driver was holding the phone or talking on a hands- free model.Quake Kills at Least 300 on Indonesian IslandVice President Says up to 2,000 Could Be Dead(CNN) —A major earthquake struck off the west coast of Indonesia late Monday killing hundreds, but fears of another tsunami like those that devastated the region in late December have faded.On Indonesia’s Nias Island at least 300 people died and hundreds more were reported injured ortrapped, said government spokesman Agus Mendrova.But international news agencies are reporting that between 1,000 and 2,000 people may have been killed on Nias Island.It is predicted and it’s still a rough estimate — that the number of the victims of dead may be between 1,000 and 2,000," Vice President Jusuf Kalla told the el-Shinta radio station, according to The Associated Press.Between 500 and 1,000 homes were destroyed, and the island’s public market was ablaze, Mendrova said.Between 10,000 and 15,000 people ran to hilltops for safety in case of a tsunami, Mendrova said. Many of the doctors and nurses who normally would staff the hospital fled to higher ground.“We have not heard of any tsunami hitting anywhere,” Jan Egeland, the U.N. emergency relief coordinator, told CNN from New York nearly six hours after the temblor struck.Still, Egeland said, the earthquake itself was responsible for casualties on islands close to the epicenter.Dozens of aid officials met overnight in Sumatra to plan a course of action after daylight breaks in the region, Egeland said.There was a report of heavy damage on Simeulue Island in Indonesia, said Bernd Schell, headof tsunami operations for the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.Speaking from southern Aceh, Schell said “heavy, heavy shaking” lasted about three minutes.Based on the size of the earthquake, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration initially urged residents within 1,000 kilometers (620 miles) of the epicenter to evacuate coastal regions.But no tsunamis were reported along Indonesia’s island coasts, while India, Malaysia and Thailand canceled tsunami warnings early Tuesday.The quake’s magnitude was variously reported by monitoring agencies as 8.7 and 8.5. The U.S. Geological Survey reported the former after initially putting the magnitude at 8.2; the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center reported the latter.The main jolt was located near the coast of northern Sumatra, about 200 kilometers (125 miles) west northwest of Sibolga, and about 1,400 kilometers (880 miles) northwest of Jakarta, Indonesia’s capital. The U.S. Geological Survey said the quake was 30 kilometers (20 miles) deep.The quake struck at 11:09 p.m. (04:09 p.m. GMT, 11:09 a.m. ET). It was felt in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and as far north as Bangkok, Thailand.Unit 4 Social BehaviorThe Men’s Movement: What Does It Mean to Be a Man?As a result of the Women’s Movement, more women are working outside the home, and many men are playing a more active role in family life and are taking on some of the tasks involved in child care and housework. In addition to these changes inside the home, men are today entering occupa tions that used to be considered women’s jobs. More men are becoming nurses and teachers of young children. Other men are finding that they have morefemale colleagues and bosses at work than ever before, and they are having to adapt to wom en’s styles of communication and management, which can differ considerably from those of men. At work, as well as at home, many men today in modern North American society have to play very different roles than their fathers did. They are, as a result, joining with other men in a countermovement called the Men’s Movement to seek to provide one another with the support they need to cope with the roles expected of men in today’s world.Exactly what forms does the Men’s Movement take, and what do men in the Men’s Movement hope to achieve by being active in the movement? To begin with, the Men’s Movement has no unified, monolithic philosophy. Although there are a number of unifying themes, there are also some interesting differences among the basic groups associa ted with the Men’s Movement. Several writ ers who write about the Men’s Movement have identified four basic groups of men active in the movement.The first group is labeled the male feminists, and these men work for women’s rights and equality between the sexes. Some of the men in this first group are vocal about blaming other men for much of the violence against women and for the inequality that exists between men and women in relationships and the job market. Not all members of the Men’s Movement, however, consider this first group of men to be an integral part of the Men’s Movement. To be sure, the other three groups focus more on men’s issues than do the so-called male feminists.The second orientation in the Men’s Movement attracts men who join men’s su pport groups to meet regularly and give and receive psychological support in dealing with problems created by the new roles they have to play at home and at work. These men are attempting to learn to better express their feelings and emotions, and to show sensitivity without being ashamed. A third group in the Men’s Movement consists of men who want to get back the power they feel they have lost because of the advances made by women as a result of the Women’s Movement and feminist causes. They are male activists. Finally, there is an approach to the movement called the mytho-poetic Men’s Movement. The men involved in this aspect of the Men’s Movement believe that men should be initiated into manhood as men were initiated when people still lived in small tribes and bands in more ancient cultures. This group initiates men using mythology, poetry (hence the name mytho-poetic), and other rituals, such as dancing, to explore and affirm the value of masculinity and masculine approaches to problem solving. Men who subscribe to this viewpoint worry that too much contact with women and too little contact with other men has turned men into weaklings or wimps.So, the Men’s Movement is very diverse. A man who wants to join the movement has many options of just how he wi ll explore the question, “What does it mean to be a man in today’s world?”Husbands and Wives: a Caller form NorthbridgeJ: And now some final calls for Shirley Sloan Fader and “Wait a minute. You can’t have it all,” she says to working women. Hello.M: Hi, Jerry.J: Yes, sir.M: Jerry, I’m calling from Northbridge, and Shirley, hi, how are you?S: Hi.M: This is just one of those days where all day I’ve been getting what I need. I turn on the radio after I’m done doing my housework, and I got what I needed in the last ten minutes I’ve listened. I willnever, ever subject my wife to what she’s been doing since we’ve been married for the last eight years.During the last year of our marriage, I was the sole worker. She was home due to, you know, unemployment. Two weeks after she started a job, I was laid off. And I just can’t believe it— she would come home and do this and then “Honey, honey —let me do it. Let me do it.” And now I’m sitting in a little office that I had to create in my basement with — I just can’t believe all the things that she accomplished even when she was just home. It’s completely overwhelming.J: How old are you?M: I’m thirty-four. She’s thirty-six.J: Children?M: Two teenage girls.J: Right.M: Lucky us. And it’s a handful. And then, of course, after you’re laid off and everything goes from bad to worse —the washing machine breaks. The dryer’s fine, so I only have to waste an hour going to the laundromat to wash and then come back and dry, and you know it’s just one thing after anothe r. And I tell her about how my day went after she comes home, and she says, “Honey, remember when the washer broke before, when you were working?” And it’s a real trip, and I really underestimated —I don’t know if underestimated is the word — I really took for granted all the things that were done around here and —J: Are you working yourself now?M: No, this is just it. Two weeks after she got a job, I was laid off, and now I’m home, and I don’t know how she got it all done when she was working. She was working and doing the housework and the laundry and doing this and taking the kids here and taking the kids there, and it just never ever ends.S: Right. And that’s why they are so stressed. And that’s why so many people have answered Jerry’s questions say ing their sex life is nonexistent or we won’t ask you.M: Well, it is right now.S: Because most men have no idea of how much there is to do, and the women up to now have been afraid —they don’t want to rock the boat. They think it’s going to be a hassle, but they haven’t felt entitled, and the more they understand that their job is doing for their man, they will feel more entitled.For example, a man who is laid off, as you are, has the time —when there’s another paycheck coming in — he has the time to look for an appropriate job. When a man is the sole support and he has to put the bread on the table this week, he has to take any kind of job he could possibly get, and so her paycheck saves him from that — nicer things. When men come home now and tell their wives about their day, the woman is out there in the world, too. She really can understand.They are more teammates. The marriage has more support going when they are both supporting the family and both taking care of it.。