管壳式换热器设计论文

摘要

管壳式换热器具有可靠性高、适应性广等优点，在各工业领域中得到最为广泛地应用。

本文设计的换热设备是化工生产中应用的管壳式换热器中的浮头式换热器。壳程介质为苯，壳程设计压力分别为0.0462MPa；管程介质为冷却水，管程设计压力为0.473MPa；传热面积为74.42

m。操作时管程内的水冷却壳程内的物料。设计方法采用压力容器的常规设计方法，按照GB150-89《钢制压力容器》、

GB151-89《钢制管壳式换热器》等技术法规执行，设计内容主要包括设计方案的选择、壳程和管程强度及结构设计、传热系数设计、以及换热器其它零部件设计等。设计计算结果准确，图纸符合国家机械制图标准要求，传热效果满足要求。

尽管本设备结构复杂，造价高；但是能承受较高压力，适用于壳侧走易结垢的介质，管、壳程温差较大的场合，是当今化工生产中使用较多的换热设备之一。

关键词：物料衡算；导热系数；换热面积

Abstract

The fixed tube-sheet exchanger is adopted in industry field extensively with the merits of high reliability and extensive applicability

The shell type adopted in chemical production was used as the heat exchange equipment in this paper, and adopted floating-head type heat exchanger. The shell medium was Benzene, and the design pressure was 0.0462MPa , the tube medium was Process water , and the design pressure was 0.473MPa and the heat transfer area was 74.42

m. The material of shell was cooled by the water of tube . The ordinary design method of pressure vessel was adopted in this paper , and based on the GB150-98 《Steel Pressure Vessel》, GB151-99 《Steel shell and tube exchanger》, and the main design contents contained that the choice of designproposal , strength of shell and tube, structure design, heat transfer coefficient design, and the design of other accessories . The design calculation result was correct , the woring drawings met the national mechanical charing requirement.And the heat transfer satisisfied the requirements .

Though the structure of floating-head type heat exchanger was complex; had the higher manufacturing cost it could bear the hight pressure , and the pipe was easy changed and the shell medium was the same with clean , applied in the condition of higher temperature difference between shell and tube ,deposited medium flowing in side, and became the most usually heat transfer equipment in chemical production recently

Keywords: material balance；conductivity factor；heat transfer area

目录

第一章绪论 (1)

1.1换热器的地位 (1)

1.2换热器的种类 (1)

1.3换热器研究及发展动向 (2)

1.3.1物性模拟研究 (2)

1.3.2分析设计的研究 (2)

1.3.3大型化及能耗研究 (2)

1.4.4强化技术研究 (2)

1.5.5控制结构及腐蚀的研究 (3)

第2章经济技术分析 (4)

第3章设计方案选择 (6)

3.1压力容器选材 (6)

3.2设计压力的确定 (6)

3.3设计温度的确定 (7)

3.4管程与壳程的选择 (7)

3.5确定换热器的设计类别 (8)

第4章工艺设计 (9)

4.1物性数据的确立 (9)

4.2初选换热器规格 (9)

4.2.1 计算热负荷 (9)

4.2.2 计算冷却水的流量 (10)

4.2.3 计算两流体的平均温度差 (10)

4.2.4计算换热面积 (11)

4.3换热管设计 (11)

4.3.1换热管根数的确定 (11)

4.3.2换热管排列方式与管间距的确定 (11)

4.4 换热管壳体直径的确定 (12)

4.5拉杆的选取 (13)

4.6壳程流体进出口接管直径 (13)