【参考借鉴】英语中经济术语翻译.doc
常用经济术语700个中英文词汇及其释义
常用经济术语700个中英文词汇及其释义全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Common Economic Terms for KidsHey kids! Today we're going to learn about some important words related to economics. Economics is all about how we make, use, and trade things like money, goods, and services. It can seem complicated, but I'll explain it in a simple way. Let's get started!Money: This is what we use to buy things. It can be coins, paper bills, or even digital money stored on cards or phones. Having money makes it easier to get the goods and services we need.Goods: These are physical items that we can buy, sell, or trade. Examples are food, clothes, toys, furniture, and electronics. We need many different goods to live comfortably.Services: Instead of physical things, services are actions that people do for others. Getting a haircut, seeing a doctor, or having your house cleaned are all examples of services.Income: This is the money you get from working at a job, running a business, or from other sources like interest or investments. Your income is used to pay for the things you need.Expenses: These are the things you spend your income on, like rent, utilities, food, and entertainment. It's important to earn enough income to cover your expenses.Budget: A plan for how to spend your money wisely based on your income and expenses. Following a budget helps ensure you don't run out of money for necessities.Saving: Setting aside part of your income to use later instead of spending it right away. Savings can help pay for larger expenses or be used in emergencies.Interest: Extra money you can earn by putting your savings in a bank account. Or it can be money you pay to a lender for borrowing their money.Loan: Money that you borrow from a bank or other lender, which has to be paid back over time, usually with interest added.Credit: The ability to borrow money and pay it back later. Having good credit means lenders trust you to repay loans responsibly.Debit Card: A card that lets you pay directly from the money you have in your bank account. Debit cards make it easy to buy things without carrying cash.Tax: Money that people and businesses have to pay to the government. Taxes are used to fund public services like schools, roads, and parks.Cost: How much money something costs to buy or make. Consumers look for goods and services that provide good value for their cost.Price: The specific amount of money that sellers ask for when providing a good or service. Prices are influenced by costs and supply and demand.Supply: The total amount of a good or service that's available to consumers from producers and sellers. When supply is high, prices are usually lower.Demand: How much of a good or service people want and are willing and able to buy. When demand increases while supply stays the same, prices usually rise.Those are just some of the most common terms about money and the economy. Economics affects almost everything we do, from buying groceries to saving for college.Understanding these concepts now will give you a great head start! Let me know if you need any clarification or have additional questions.篇2Common Economic Terms and Their MeaningsEconomics is a subject that talks about how people use money and other resources. There are many words and phrases that economists (people who study economics) use to explain different ideas and concepts. Let me share some of the most common ones with you!Money and CurrencyMoney is what we use to buy things. The most common types are coins and paper bills.Currency is the money used in a particular country, like dollars in the United States or pounds in the United Kingdom.Markets and TradeA market is a place where people buy and sell things.Trade means exchanging goods or services between people or countries.Import means bringing products into a country from another place.Export means sending products from one country to be sold in another.Supply and DemandSupply is how much of something is available to buy or sell.Demand means how much of something people want to buy.When demand is high and supply is low, prices usually go up. When supply is high and demand is low, prices usually go down.Businesses and CompaniesA business is an organization that sells products or services.A company is a type of business owned by shareholders (people who own parts of the company).Profit is the money a business makes after paying all its costs and expenses.Jobs and EmploymentA job is work that someone does to earn money.Employment means having a paid job.Income is the money someone earns from their job or other sources.A salary is money an employee gets paid, usually every month.Wages are the money someone gets paid based on the hours they work, such as every week.Government and EconomyThe government is the group of people who make rules and decisions for a country or state.Taxes are money that people and businesses have to pay to the government.The economy is all the activities related to producing, buying, and selling goods and services in a country or region.Inflation is when prices for most things increase over time, making money buy less than it could before.Banking and FinanceA bank is a place that keeps your money safe, lets you borrow money (by taking out a loan), and provides other money-related services.Interest is the extra money you pay to borrow money from a bank or lender.Savings are money you put aside for later instead of spending right away.Those are some of the most common words used when talking about economics! There are many more, but this gives you an idea of how economists describe different parts of the complex world of money, trade, businesses, jobs, and the overall economy. Economics helps us understand how people use limited resources in the best possible way.篇3Economic Terms for KidsEconomics is the study of how we use our limited resources like money, time, and materials. Here are some important economic words you should know and what they mean:Money & Finance TermsMoney - What we use to buy thingsCurrency - Types of money like dollars, euros etc.Cash - Physical coins and dollar billsChange - Coins you get after payingDebit card - Card to pay from your bank accountCredit card - Card to buy things by borrowing money Interest - Money a bank pays you for keeping money there Loan - Money you borrow that must be paid back Budget - Plan for how to spend your moneyTax - Money paid to the governmentBanking Terms11. Bank - Place that holds your money safely12. Savings account - Account to keep money for later13. Checking account - Account for paying bills14. Deposit - Putting money into a bank account15. Withdraw - Taking money out of the account16. ATM - Machine to get money from your account17. PIN - Secret code to access your bank account Employment Terms18. Job - Work you do to earn money19. Career - Type of work you want long-term20. Wage - Money paid for work by the hour21. Salary - Money paid regularly for a job22. Bonus - Extra money earned for good work23. Paycheck - Money from an employer for work done24. Employment - Having a paying job25. Unemployed - Not having a jobBusiness Terms26. Company - An organization that sells products/services27. Corporation - Big company owned by shareholders28. Factory - Place where products are manufactured29. Profit - Money left over after expenses30. Revenue - Total money a company earns31. Expense - Money a company spends32. Investment - Using money to try and make more33. Entrepreneur - Someone who starts their own business34. Inventory - Products a company has to sell35. Marketing - Promoting products to potential customersEconomic Basics36. Goods - Physical products that can be bought/sold37. Services - Work done for others in exchange for money38. Consumer - Person who buys products and services39. Producer - Person/company that makes products40. Supply - Amount of a product available41. Demand - How much of a product people want42. Cost - Amount of money needed to buy something43. Price - How much something costs to purchase44. Barter - Trading goods and services directly without money45. Value - How much something is worthEconomic Systems46. Economy - How money/goods/services are produced/used47. Capitalism - Economic system based on private ownership48. Socialism - Economic system with govtownership/control49. Free market - System with little government control50. Command economy - Central authority decides what's producedInternational Trade51. Export - Selling products to another country52. Import - Buying products from another country53. Trade deficit - Importing more than exporting54. Trade surplus - Exporting more than importing55. Tariff - Tax on imports to protect domestic industries56. Embargo - Blocking trade with a certain country57. Globalization - Increased interconnection of world economies58. Currency exchange - Changing one currency to anotherAnd many, many more terms related to economics, business, finance, trade and more! Let me know if you need any clarification on these words.篇4Common Economic Terms Explained for KidsEconomics is the study of how people use resources like money, time, and raw materials. There are a lot of big words used in economics that can be confusing. But don't worry, I'll explain them in a simple way!MARKETS & TRADEMarket - A place where buyers and sellers meet to exchange goods and services for money.Supply - How much of something is available to sell.Demand - How much of something people want to buy.Import - Buying goods or services from another country.Export - Selling goods or services to another country.Trade Deficit - When a country imports more than it exports.Trade Surplus - When a country exports more than it imports.MONEY & BANKINGCurrency - The money used in a particular country, like dollars or euros.Inflation - When prices keep going up over time for the same goods and services.Deflation - When prices keep going down over time.Interest Rate - The percentage a lender charges to borrow money.Loan - Money you borrow that has to be paid back, usually with interest.Credit - The ability to borrow money and pay it back later.Investment - Using money to try to make more money, like buying stocks.BUSINESS & PRODUCTIONRevenue - The total income a company makes from selling products or services.Profit - The amount of money left after expenses are paid.Loss - When a company spends more money than it makes.Overhead - Ongoing expenses to operate a business like rent and utilities.Corporation - A big business owned by many investors.Mass Production - Making lots of one product in a factory using machines.Monopoly - When one company controls the entire supply of a product with no competition.JOBS & LABOREmployment - Having a paid job.Unemployment - Not having a job but wanting one.Wage - Money you get paid for your work, like an hourly rate or salary.Benefits - Extra compensation beyond wages like health insurance or retirement.Labor Union - Groups that workers form to negotiate better pay and conditions.Outsourcing - When companies hire workers from other countries to save money.Skilled Labor - Jobs that require special training or education.GOVERNMENT & ECONOMYTax - Money people and businesses must pay to the government.Budget - A plan for how the government will spend money and collect taxes.Deficit - When the government spends more than it receives in revenue.Debt - Money that a government owes and must pay back.Gross Domestic Product (GDP) - The total value of all goods/services in a country.Recession - When the economy shrinks for at least 6 months in a row.Depression - A really bad, long-lasting recession.That covers a lot of the most common words about economics! Let me know if any other terms need explaining.篇5Common Economic Terms Explained for KidsHi there! Today we're going to learn about some important words related to economics. Economics is the study of how people use resources like money, materials, and labor to produceand trade goods and services. It's a big topic, but don't worry, I'll explain everything in simple terms.MoneyLet's start with money! Money is something that helps us buy the things we need or want. We use dollars, coins, and even digital money these days. Here are some money-related words:Currency - This is the money used in a particular country, like the U.S. dollar.Inflation - When prices go up over time, that's called inflation. Your dollar doesn't buy as much as it used to.Interest - If you lend someone money, they pay you a little extra called interest as a fee.Budget - A plan for how to spend your money wisely on the things you need.Trade and BusinessNow let's talk about trading goods and running businesses:Export - Selling products to other countries.Import - Buying products from other countries.Supply and Demand - How much of something is available (supply) and how many people want it (demand).Entrepreneur - Someone who starts their own business!Revenue - The money a business earns from selling things.Profit - The money left over after a business pays all its expenses.Jobs and IncomeEmployment - Having a paid job.Wage - The money you get paid for your work, like an hourly wage of 10.Salary - A fixed amount of money you get paid each year for your job.Career - The type of work you want to do for a large part of your life.Income - All the money you get from jobs, investments, etc.And there are so many more! Let's keep going:16-20: Goods, Services, Consumer, Producer, Investment...I'll stop there for now, but we've only covered 20 out of 700 terms! Economics has a huge vocabulary because it covers so many areas - business, jobs, money, trade, and more.As you can see, a lot of these words are things we deal with every day, like money, jobs, and buying things we need. By understanding the meanings, we can make better decisions about how to earn, spend, and save money wisely.Don't worry if you don't get all 700 terms right away. Learning about economics is an ongoing process, just like learning any new subject. But knowing these basic concepts will give you a great headstart!Let me know if you need me to explain any of those first 20 terms again. There are 680 more where those came from! Economics may sound complicated, but with patience and practice, you'll be a money expert in no time.篇6Economics Words You Should KnowHi there! Economics is all about how we make, use, and trade things. It can seem super complicated with all the big words, butI'm going to explain 700 of the most common economic terms in a way that's easy to understand. Let's get started!Absolute Advantage - Being the best at making a good or service compared to others.Accounting - Keeping track of money coming in and going out.Acquisition - When one company buys another company.Aggregate Demand - The total demand for all goods and services in an economy.Aggregate Supply - The total supply of all goods and services in an economy.Wow, that's a lot already! Told you there were a bunch of terms. But we're just getting warmed up. Here are some more:Asset - Something valuable you own like cash, property, or investments.Balance of Payments - A record of all the business a country does with other countries.Balance of Trade - The difference between what a country exports and imports.Balanced Budget - When the money a government receives equals what it spends.Barriers to Entry - Things that make it hard for new companies to enter a market.See, this isn't so bad right? We're breezing through these. Let's keep it moving:Bear Market - When stock prices are falling over time...Bond - A kind of loan that pays interest...Budget Deficit - When the government spends more than it receives...Budget Surplus - When the government receives more than it spends...Capital - Wealth owned by a person or group that can create more wealth...I could keep going on and on, but you get the idea! There are a zillion economic terms out there describing all the nitty gritty details of how money, trade, and production work. But the most important thing is to not let all the fancy jargon intimidate you.Economics really just boils down to a few key ideas: people have unlimited wants but limited resources to meet those wants. So we have to make choices about what to produce, how to produce it, and who gets the products. Countries, companies, and individuals all have to think about how to use their resources efficiently to get the most bang for their buck.The different economic terms just describe all the nitty gritty details involved in those basic concepts of scarcity, choice, supply, demand, costs, and benefits. If you can keep those core principles in mind, the rest of the terminology isn't so scary.So don't be discouraged if you don't understand every single term right away. The more you learn about economics, the more it will all start making sense bit by bit. Just take itstep-by-step and don't be afraid to ask questions. Before you know it, you'll be an economics pro!。
经济学常用词汇英文
经济学常用英语词汇一、一般术语英文中文economist经济学家scarcity稀缺性opportunity cost机会成本marginal边际的utility效用efficiency效率equity公平trade-off权衡incentive激励externality外部性二、经济体系英文中文socialist economy社会主义经济capitalist economy资本主义经济collective economy集体经济planned economy计划经济market economy市场经济mixed economy混合经济liberal economy自由经济protectionism保护主义autarchy闭关自守globalization全球化三、经济学分支英文中文microeconomics微观经济学macroeconomics宏观经济学political economy政治经济学development economics发展经济学international economics国际经济学labor economics劳动经济学environmental economics环境经济学英文中文industrial economics工业经济学public economics公共经济学behavioral economics行为经济学四、市场结构英文中文perfect competition完全竞争monopoly垄断oligopoly寡头垄断monopolistic competition垄断竞争duopoly双寡头cartel卡特尔collusion勾结price discrimination价格歧视price leadership价格领导contestable market可竞争市场五、供求理论英文中文demand需求supply供给equilibrium均衡surplus过剩shortage不足elasticity弹性price elasticity of demand需求价格弹性income elasticity of demand需求收入弹性cross elasticity of demand需求交叉弹性price elasticity of supply供给价格弹性六、成本收益分析英文中文cost成本benefit收益total cost总成本fixed cost固定成本variable cost可变成本average cost平均成本marginal cost边际成本total revenue总收入average revenue平均收入marginal revenue边际收入七、国际贸易英文中文trade贸易export出口import进口tariff关税quota配额subsidy补贴exchange rate汇率balance of trade贸易差额balance of payments国际收支comparative advantage比较优势八、货币银行英文中文money货币currency货币bank银行deposit存款loan贷款interest利息interest rate利率inflation通货膨胀deflation通货紧缩monetary policy货币政策九、财政政策英文中文fiscal policy财政政策budget预算revenue收入expenditure支出tax税income tax所得税value added tax增值税sales tax销售税budget deficit预算赤字budget surplus预算盈余十、经济指标英文中文gross domestic product国内生产总值gross national product国民生产总值national income国民收入per capita income人均收入unemployment失业unemployment rate失业率economic growth经济增长economic development经济发展business cycle经济周期recession衰退。
最全经济学英语词汇打印版10页
经济学英语词汇经济学英语词汇1、General terms 一般术语economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collectiveeconomy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holdingcompany 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的2、Capital 资本initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozenassets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地产circulatingcapital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolvingfund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金reserve fund 准备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给bank 银行current account 经常帐户(美作:checking account) current-account holder 支票帐户(美作:checking-account holder)cheque 支票(美作:check) bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook) endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no creditgiven 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币(美作:bill) to pay(in) cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币exchange rate汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率freeexchange rates 自由汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hardcurrency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation (货币)贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃securities business 证券市场stockexchange 股票市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange证券交易所,股票交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder股票持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 股票投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 股票经纪人stock company, stockbrokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行股票par value 股面价格,票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券WallStreet 华尔街3、Credit 信贷short term loan 短期贷款long term loan长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务fundeddebt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴4、Pruduction 生产output 产出,产量producer 生产者,制造者productive, producing 生产的products, goods 产品consumer goods 消费品article 物品,商品manufactured goods, finished goods制成品,产成品raw product 初级产品semifinished goods 半成品by-product 副产品foodstuffs 食品raw material 原料supply 供应,补给input 投入productivity生产率productiveness 赢利性overproduction 生产过剩5、Expenses 耗费cost 成本,费用expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出fixed costs 固定成本overheadcosts 营业间接成本overheads 杂项开支,间接成本operating costs 生产费用,营业成本operating expenses 营业费用running expenses 日常费用,经营费用miscellaneouscosts 杂项费用overhead expenses 间接费用,管理费用upkeep costs, maintenancecosts 维修费用,养护费用transport costs 运输费用social charges 社会负担费用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用apportionment of expenses分摊费用6、Profit 利润income 收入,收益earnings 利润,收益gross income,gross earnings 总收入,总收益gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额netincome 纯收益,净收入,收益净额average income 平均收入national income 国民收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率yield 产量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值7、taxes 税duty 税taxation system 税制taxation 征税,纳税fiscal charges 财务税收progressivetaxation 累进税制graduated tax 累进税value added tax 增值税income tax 所得税land tax 地租,地价税excise tax 特许权税basis of assessment 估税标准taxableincome 须纳税的收入fiscality 检查tax-free 免税的tax exemption 免税taxpayer纳税人tax collector 收税员8、Internal economic and trade orgnization国际经济与贸易组织China Council for the Promotion of InternationalTrade, C.C.P.I.T. 中国国际贸易促进委员会National Council for US-China Trade美中贸易全国理事会Japan-China Economic Association 日中经济协会Association forthe Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本国际贸易促进会BritishCouncil for the Promotion of International Trade 英国国际贸易促进委员会International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会International Union ofMarine Insurance 国际海洋运输保险协会International Alumina Association国际铝矾土协会Universal Postal Union, UPU 万国邮政联盟Customs Co-operationCouncil, CCC 关税合作理事会United Nations Trade and Development Board联合国贸易与发展理事会Organization for Economic cooperation and Development,DECD 经济合作与开发组织European Economic Community, EEC, European CommonMarket 欧洲经济共同体European Free Trade Association, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易联盟European Free Trade Area, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易区Council for Mutual EconomicAid, CMEA 经济互助委员会Eurogroup 欧洲集团Group of Ten 十国集团Committee of Twenty(Paris Club) 二十国委员会Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎统筹委员会Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association,CARIFTA 加勒比共同市场（加勒比自由贸易同盟）Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organization, ATO 安第斯共同市场Latin American Free TradeAssociation, LAFTA 拉丁美洲自由贸易联盟Central American Common Market, CACM中美洲共同市场African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲与马尔加什共同组织East African Common Market, EACM 东非共同市场Central African Customs andEconomic Union, CEUCA 中非关税经济同盟West African Economic Community,WAEC 西非经济共同体Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries,OPEC 石油输出国组织Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries,OAPEC 阿拉伯石油输出国组织Commonwealth Preference Area 英联邦特惠区Centre National du Commerce Exterieur, National Center of External Trade法国对外贸易中心People's Bank of China 中国人民银行Bank of China 中国银行International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD国际复兴开发银行World Bank 世界银行International Development association, IDA国际开发协会International Monetary Found Agreement 国际货币基金协定International Monetary Found, IMF 国际货币基金组织European Economic andMonetary Union 欧洲经济与货币同盟European Monetary Cooperation Fund欧洲货币合作基金Bank for International Settlements, BIS 国际结算银行African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲开发银行Export-Import Bank of Washington美国进出口银行National city Bank of New York 花旗银行American OrientalBanking Corporation 美丰银行American Express Co. Inc. 美国万国宝通银行TheChase Bank 大通银行Inter-American Development Bank, IDB 泛美开发银行European Investment Bank, EIB 欧洲投资银行Midland Bank,Ltd. 米兰银行UnitedBank of Switzerland 瑞士联合银行Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦银行Bank ofTokyo,Ltd. 东京银行Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation 香港汇丰银行International Finance Corporation, IFC 国际金融公司La CommunauteFinancieve Africane 非洲金融共同体Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC联合国经济及社会理事会United Nations Development Program, NUDP 联合国开发计划署United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 联合国资本开发基金UnitedNations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 联合国工业发展组织UnitedNations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 联合国贸易与发展会议Foodand Agricultural Organization, FAO 粮食与农业组织, 粮农组织EconomicCommission for Europe, ECE 欧洲经济委员会Economic Commission for LatinAmerica, ECLA 拉丁美洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Asia and Far East,ECAFE 亚洲及远东经济委员会Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECWA 西亚经济委员会Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲经济委员会Overseas ChineseInvestment Company 华侨投资公司New York Stock Exchange, NYSE 纽约证券交易所London Stock Market 伦敦股票市场Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange波罗的海商业和航运交易所Aaccounting 会计accounting cost 会计成本accounting profit 会计利润adverse selection 逆向选择allocation 配置allocation of resources 资源配置allocative efficiency 配置效率antitrust legislation 反托拉斯法arc elasticity 弧弹性Arrow's impossibility theorem 阿罗不可能定理Assumption 假设asymetric information 非对称性信息average 平均average cost 平均成本average cost pricing 平均成本定价法average fixed cost 平均固定成本average product of capital 资本平均产量average product of labour 劳动平均产量average revenue 平均收益average total cost 平均总成本average variable cost 平均可变成本Bbarriers to entry 进入壁垒base year 基年bilateral monopoly 双边垄断benefit 收益black market 黑市bliss point 极乐点boundary point 边界点break even point 收支相抵点budget 预算budget constraint 预算约束budget line 预算线budget set 预算集Ccapital 资本capital stock 资本存量capital output ratio 资本产出比率capitalism 资本主义cardinal utility theory 基数效用论cartel 卡特尔ceteris puribus assumption “其他条件不变”的假设ceteris puribus demand curve 其他因素不变的需求曲线Chamberlin model 张伯伦模型change in demand 需求变化change in quantity demanded 需求量变化change in quantity supplied 供给量变化change in supply 供给变化choice 选择closed set 闭集Coase theorem 科斯定理Cobb—Douglas production function柯布--道格拉斯生产函数cobweb model 蛛网模型collective bargaining 集体协议工资collusion 合谋command economy 指令经济commodity 商品commodity combination 商品组合commodity market 商品市场commodity space 商品空间common property 公用财产comparative static analysis 比较静态分析compensated budget line 补偿预算线compensated demand function 补偿需求函数compensation principles 补偿原则compensating variation in income收入补偿变量competition 竞争competitive market 竞争性市场complement goods 互补品complete information 完全信息completeness 完备性condition for efficiency in exchange交换的最优条件condition for efficiency inproduction 生产的最优条件concave 凹concave function 凹函数concave preference 凹偏好consistence 一致性constant cost industry 成本不变产业constant returns to scale 规模报酬不变constraints 约束consumer 消费者consumer behavior 消费者行为consumer choice 消费者选择consumer equilibrium 消费者均衡consumer optimization 消费者优化consumer preference 消费者偏好consumer surplus 消费者剩余consumer theory 消费者理论consumption 消费consumption bundle 消费束consumption combination 消费组合consumption possibility curve 消费可能曲线consumption possibility frontier 消费可能性前沿consumption set 消费集consumption space 消费空间continuity 连续性continuous function 连续函数contract curve 契约曲线convex 凸convex function 凸函数convex preference 凸偏好convex set 凸集corporatlon 公司cost 成本cost benefit analysis 成本收益分cost function 成本函数cost minimization 成本极小化Cournot equilihrium 古诺均衡Cournot model 古诺模型Cross—price elasticity 交叉价格弹性Ddead—weights loss 重负损失decreasing cost industry 成本递减产业decreasing returns to scale 规模报酬递减deduction 演绎法demand 需求demand curve 需求曲线demand elasticity 需求弹性demand function 需求函数demand price 需求价格demand schedule 需求表depreciation 折旧derivative 导数derive demand 派生需求difference equation 差分方程differential equation 微分方程differentiated good 差异商品differentiated oligoply 差异寡头diminishing marginal substitution 边际替代率递减diminishing marginal return 收益递减diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减direct approach 直接法direct taxes 直接税discounting 贴税、折扣diseconomies of scale 规模不经济disequilibrium 非均衡distribution 分配division of labour 劳动分工distribution theory of marginal productivity 边际生产率分配论duoupoly 双头垄断、双寡duality 对偶durable goods 耐用品dynamic analysis 动态分析dynamic models 动态模型EEconomic agents 经济行为者economic cost 经济成本economic efficiency 经济效率economic goods 经济物品economic man 经济人economic mode 经济模型economic profit 经济利润economic region of production 生产的经济区域economic regulation 经济调节economic rent 经济租金exchange 交换economics 经济学exchange efficiency 交换效率economy 经济exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线economy of scale 规模经济Edgeworth box diagram 埃奇沃思图exclusion 排斥性、排他性Edgeworth contract curve 埃奇沃思契约线Edgeworth model 埃奇沃思模型efficiency 效率，效益efficiency parameter 效率参数elasticity 弹性elasticity of substitution 替代弹性endogenous variable 内生变量endowment 禀赋endowment of resources 资源禀赋Engel curve 恩格尔曲线entrepreneur 企业家entrepreneurship 企业家才能entry barriers 进入壁垒entry/exit decision 进出决策envolope curve 包络线equilibrium 均衡equilibrium condition 均衡条件equilibrium price 均衡价格equilibrium quantity 均衡产量eqity 公平equivalent variation in income 收入等价变量excess—capacity theorem 过度生产能力定理excess supply 过度供给exchange 交换exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线exclusion 排斥性、排他性exclusion principle 排他性原则existence 存在性existence of general equilibrium 总体均衡的存在性exogenous variables 外生变量expansion paths 扩展径expectation 期望expected utility 期望效用expected value 期望值expenditure 支出explicit cost 显性成本external benefit 外部收益external cost 外部成本external economy 外部经济external diseconomy 外部不经济externalities 外部性FFactor 要素factor demand 要素需求factor market 要素市场factors of production 生产要素factor substitution 要素替代factor supply 要素供给fallacy of composition 合成谬误final goods 最终产品firm 企业firms’demand curve for labor 企业劳动需求曲线firm supply curve 企业供给曲线first-degree price discrimination 第一级价格歧视first—order condition 一阶条件fixed costs 固定成本fixed input 固定投入fixed proportions productionfunction 固定比例的生产函数flow 流量fluctuation 波动for whom to produce 为谁生产free entry 自由进入free goods 自由品，免费品free mobility of resources 资源自由流动free rider 搭便车，免费搭车function 函数future value 未来值Ggame theory 对策论、博弈论general equilibrium 总体均衡general goods 一般商品Giffen goods 吉芬晶收入补偿需求曲线Giffen's Paradox 吉芬之谜Gini coefficient 吉尼系数goldenrule 黄金规则goods 货物government failure 政府失败government regulation 政府调控grand utility possibility curve 总效用可能曲线grand utility possibility frontier 总效用可能前沿Hheterogeneous product 异质产品Hicks—kaldor welfare criterion 希克斯一卡尔多福利标准homogeneity 齐次性homogeneous demand function 齐次需求函数homogeneous product 同质产品homogeneous production function 齐次生产函数horizontal summation 水平和household 家庭how to produce 如何生产human capital 人力资本hypothesis 假说Iidentity 恒等式imperfect competion 不完全竞争implicitcost 隐性成本income 收入income compensated demand curve income constraint 收入约束income consumption curve 收入消费曲线income distribution 收入分配income effect 收入效应income elasticity of demand 需求收入弹性increasing cost industry 成本递增产业increasing returns to scale 规模报酬递增inefficiency 缺乏效率index number 指数indifference 无差异indifference curve 无差异曲线indifference map 无差异族indifference relation 无差异关系indifference set 无差异集indirect approach 间接法individual analysis 个量分析individual demand curve 个人需求曲线individual demand function 个人需求函数induced variable 引致变量induction 归纳法industry 产业industry equilibrium 产业均衡industry supply curve 产业供给曲线inelastic 缺乏弹性的inferior goods 劣品inflection point 拐点information 信息information cost 信息成本initial condition 初始条件initial endowment 初始禀赋innovation 创新input 投入input—output 投入—产出institution 制度institutional economics 制度经济学insurance 保险intercept 截距interest 利息interest rate 利息率intermediate goods 中间产品internatization of externalities 外部性内部化invention 发明inverse demand function 逆需求函数investment 投资invisible hand 看不见的手isocost line 等成本线，isoprofit curve 等利润曲线isoquant curve 等产量曲线isoquant map 等产量族Kkinded—demand curve 弯折的需求曲线Llabour 劳动labour demand 劳动需求labour supply 劳动供给labour theory of value 劳动价值论labour unions 工会laissez faire 自由放任Lagrangian function 拉格朗日函数Lagrangian multiplier 拉格朗乘数，land 土地law 法则law of demand and supply 供需法law of diminishing marginal utility边际效用递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate ofsubstitution 边际替代率递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate oftechnical substitution 边际技术替代率law of increasing cost 成本递增法则law of one price 单一价格法则leader—follower model 领导者--跟随者模型least—cost combination of inputs 最低成本的投入组合leisure 闲暇Leontief production function 列昂节夫生产函数licenses 许可证linear demand function 线性需求函数linear homogeneity 线性齐次性linear homogeneous productionfunction 线性齐次生产函数long run长期long run average cost 长期平均成本long run equilibrium 长期均衡long run industry supply curve 长期产业供给曲线long run marginal cost 长期边际成本long run total cost 长期总成本Lorenz curve 洛伦兹曲线loss minimization 损失极小化1ump sum tax 一次性征税luxury 奢侈品Mmacroeconomics 宏观经济学marginal 边际的marginal benefit 边际收益marginal cost 边际成本marginal cost pricing 边际成本定价marginal cost of factor 边际要素成本marginal period 市场期marginal physical productivity 实际实物生产率marginal product 边际产量marginal product of capital 资本的边际产量marginal product of 1abour 劳动的边际产量marginal productivity 边际生产率marginal rate of substitution 边替代率marginal rate of transformation 边际转换率marginal returns 边际回报marginal revenue 边际收益marginal revenue product 边际收益产品marginal revolution 边际革命marginal social benefit 社会边际收益marginal social cost 社会边际成本marginal utility 边际效用marginal value products 边际价值产品market 市场market clearance 市场结清，市场洗清market demand 市场需求market economy 市场经济market equilibrium 市场均衡market failure 市场失败market mechanism 市场机制market structure 市场结构market separation 市场分割market regulation 市场调节market share 市场份额markup pricing 加减定价法Marshallian demand function 马歇尔需求函数maximization 极大化microeconomics 微观经济学minimum wage 最低工资misallocation of resources 资源误置mixed economy 混合经济model 模型money 货币monopolistic competition 垄断竞争monopolistic exploitation 垄断剥削monopoly 垄断，卖方垄断monopoly equilibrium 垄断均衡monopoly pricing 垄断定价monopoly regulation 垄断调控monopoly rents 垄断租金monopsony 买方垄断NNash equilibrium 纳什均衡Natural monopoly 自然垄断Natural resources 自然资源Necessary condition 必要条件necessities 必需品net demand 净需求nonconvex preference 非凸性偏好nonconvexity 非凸性nonexclusion 非排斥性nonlinear pricing 非线性定价nonrivalry 非对抗性nonprice competition 非价格竞争nonsatiation 非饱和性non--zero—sum game 非零和对策normal goods 正常品normal profit 正常利润normative economics 规范经济学Oobjective function 目标函数oligopoly 寡头垄断oligopoly market 寡头市场oligopoly model 寡头模型opportunity cost 机会成本optimal choice 最佳选择optimal consumption bundle 消费束perfect elasticity 完全有弹性optimal resource allocation 最佳资源配置optimal scale 最佳规模optimal solution 最优解optimization 优化ordering of optimization(social)preference (社会)偏好排序ordinal utility 序数效用ordinary goods 一般品output 产量、产出output elasticity 产出弹性output maximization 产出极大化Pparameter 参数Pareto criterion 帕累托标准Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率Pareto improvement 帕累托改进Pareto optimality 帕累托优化Pareto set 帕累托集partial derivative 偏导数partial equilibrium 局部均衡patent 专利pay off matrix 收益矩阵、支付矩阵perceived demand curve 感觉到的需求曲线perfect competition 完全竞争perfect complement 完全互补品perfect monopoly 完全垄断perfect price discrimination 完全价格歧视perfect substitution 完全替代品perfect inelasticity 完全无弹性perfectly elastic 完全有弹性perfectly inelastic 完全无弹性plant size 工厂规模point elasticity 点弹性positive economics 实证经济学post Hoc Fallacy 后此谬误prediction 预测preference 偏好preference relation 偏好关系present value 现值price 价格price adjustment model 价格调整模型price ceiling 最高限价price consumption curve 价格费曲线price control 价格管制price difference 价格差别price discrimination 价格歧视price elasticity of demand 需求价格弹性price elasticity of supply 供给价格弹性price floor 最低限价price maker 价格制定者price rigidity 价格刚性price seeker 价格搜求者price taker 价格接受者price tax 从价税private benefit 私人收益principal—agent issues 委托--代理问题private cost 私人成本private goods 私人用品private property 私人财产producer equilibrium 生产者均衡producer theory 生产者理论product 产品product transformation curve 产品转换曲线product differentiation 产品差异product group 产品集团production 生产production contract curve 生产契约曲线production efficiency 生产效率production function 生产函数production possibility curve 生产可能性曲线productivity 生产率productivity of capital 资本生产率productivity of labor 劳动生产率profit 利润profit function 利润函数profit maximization 利润极大化property rights 产权property rights economics 产权经济学proposition 定理proportional demand curve 成比例的需求曲线public benefits 公共收益public choice 公共选择public goods 公共商品pure competition 纯粹竞争rivalry 对抗性、竞争pure exchange 纯交换pure monopoly 纯粹垄断Qquantity—adjustment model 数量调整模型quantity tax 从量税quasi—rent 准租金Rrate of product transformation 产品转换率rationality 理性reaction function 反应函数regulation 调节，调控relative price 相对价格rent 租金rent control 规模报酬rent seeking 寻租rent seeking economics 寻租经济学resource 资源resource allocation 资源配置returns 报酬、回报returns to scale 规模报酬revealed preference 显示性偏好revenue 收益revenue curve 收益曲线revenue function 收益函数revenue maximization 收益极大化ridge line 脊线risk 风险Ssatiation 饱和，满足saving 储蓄scarcity 稀缺性law of scarcity 稀缺法则second—degree price discrimination二级价格歧视second derivative --阶导数second—order condition 二阶条件service 劳务set 集shadow prices 影子价格short—run 短期short—run cost curve 短期成本曲线short—run equilibrium 短期均衡short—run supply curve 短期供给曲线shut down decision 关闭决策shortage 短缺shut down point 关闭点single price monopoly 单一定价垄断slope 斜率social benefit 社会收益social cost 社会成本social indifference curve 社会无差异曲线social preference 社会偏好social security 社会保障social welfare function 社会福利函数socialism 社会主义solution 解space 空间stability 稳定性stable equilibrium 稳定的均衡Stackelberg model 斯塔克尔贝格模型static analysis 静态分析stock 存量stock market 股票市场strategy 策略subsidy 津贴substitutes 替代品substitution effect 替代效应substitution parameter 替代参数sufficient condition 充分条件supply 供给supply curve 供给曲线supply function 供给函数supply schedule 供给表Sweezy model 斯威齐模型symmetry 对称性symmetry of information 信息对称Ttangency 相切taste 兴致technical efficiency 技术效率technological constraints 技术约束technological progress 技术进步technology 技术third—degree price discrimination 第三级价格歧视total cost 总成本total effect 总效应total expenditure 总支出total fixed cost 总固定成本total product 总产量total revenue 总收益total utility 总效用total variable cost 总可变成本traditional economy 传统经济transitivity 传递性transaction cost 交易费用Uuncertainty 不确定性uniqueness 唯一性unit elasticity 单位弹性unstable equilibrium 不稳定均衡utility 效用utility function 效用函数utility index 效用指数utility maximization 效用极大化utility possibility curve 效用可能性曲线utility possibility frontier 效用可能性前沿Vvalue 价值value judge 价值判断value of marginal product 边际产量价值variable cost 可变成本variable input 可变投入variables 变量vector 向量visible hand 看得见的手vulgur economics 庸俗经济学W wage 工资wage rate 工资率Walras general equilibrium 瓦尔拉斯总体均衡Walras's law 瓦尔拉斯法则Wants 需要Welfare criterion 福利标准Welfare economics 福利经学Welfare loss triangle 福利损失三角形welfare maximization 福利极大化Zzero cost 零成本zero elasticity 零弹性zero homogeneity 零阶齐次性zero economic profit 零利润。
经济学术语(中英文)
经济学的一些术语绝对优势（Absolute advantage）如果一个国家用一单位资源生产的某种产品比另一个国家多，那么，这个国家在这种产品的生产上与另一国相比就具有绝对优势。
逆向选择（Adverse choice）在此状况下，保险公司发现它们的客户中有太大的一部分来自高风险群体。
选择成本（Alternative cost）如果以最好的另一种方式使用的某种资源，它所能生产的价值就是选择成本，也可以称之为机会成本。
需求的弧弹性（Arc elasticity of demand）如果P1和Q1分别是价格和需求量的初始值，P2 和Q2 为第二组值，那么，弧弹性就等于-（Q1-Q2）（P1＋P2）/（P1-P2）（Q1＋Q2）非对称的信息（Asymmetric information）在某些市场中，每个参与者拥有的信息并不相同。
例如，在旧车市场上，有关旧车质量的信息，卖者通常要比潜在的买者知道得多。
平均成本（Average cost）平均成本是总成本除以产量。
也称为平均总成本。
平均固定成本( Average fixed cost）平均固定成本是总固定成本除以产量。
平均产品（Average product）平均产品是总产量除以投入品的数量。
平均可变成本（Average variable cost）平均可变成本是总可变成本除以产量。
投资的β(Beta）β度量的是与投资相联的不可分散的风险。
对于一种股票而言，它表示所有现行股票的收益发生变化时，一种股票的收益会如何敏感地变化。
债券收益(Bond yield）债券收益是债券所获得的利率。
收支平衡图（Break－even chart）收支平衡图表示一种产品所出售的总数量改变时总收益和总成本是如何变化的。
收支平衡点是为避免损失而必须卖出的最小数量。
预算线(Budget line）预算线表示消费者所能购买的商品X和商品Y的数量的全部组合。
它的斜率等于商品X的价格除以商品Y的价格再乘以一1。
经济学英语词汇大全了解经济学理论与经济现象的专业术语
经济学英语词汇大全了解经济学理论与经济现象的专业术语经济学是一门研究人类在稀缺资源下进行资源配置和决策的社会科学。
在经济学领域，有许多专业术语用于描述不同的理论和经济现象。
以下是一份经济学英语词汇大全，将帮助你更好地了解经济学理论和经济现象。
一、宏观经济学术语1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP): 国内生产总值，用于衡量一个国家或地区在一定时间内生产的全部最终商品和服务的市场价值。
2. Inflation: 通货膨胀，衡量物价持续上涨的速度。
3. Unemployment Rate: 失业率，某国或地区的劳动力中未有工作的比例。
4. Fiscal Policy: 财政政策，指政府通过调整税收和支出来影响经济发展的政策。
5. Monetary Policy: 货币政策，指央行通过调整货币供应量和利率来控制通胀和经济增长的政策。
二、微观经济学术语1. Supply and Demand: 供求关系，描述市场上商品和服务的供给和需求关系，决定价格和数量。
2. Price Elasticity of Demand: 需求的价格弹性，衡量消费者对价格变化的敏感程度。
3. Utility: 效用，消费者对商品或服务的满意程度。
4. Market Failure: 市场失灵，指市场机制无法有效配置资源的情况，需要政府干预。
5. Opportunity Cost: 机会成本，指做出某个选择而放弃的最好的替代选择。
三、国际经济学术语1. Trade Deficit: 贸易逆差，指一个国家或地区的进口超过出口的差额。
2. Exchange Rate: 汇率，用于衡量一种货币与其他货币之间的相对价值。
3. Tariff：关税，进口商品需要缴纳的税费。
4. Comparative Advantage: 比较优势，指某国在生产某种商品或服务上相对于其他国家的优势。
5. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): 外商直接投资，指投资者将资金投资到其他国家的生产或商业项目中。
经济金融术语英汉对照
经济金融术语英汉对照经济金融领域常常涉及大量的专业术语，对于学习和理解这些术语，将英文与中文对照是非常重要的。
下面是一些经济金融术语的英汉对照列表，希望对您有所帮助。
1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 国内生产总值GDP是一个国家或地区在特定时间内所生产的所有最终商品和服务的市场价值的总和。
2. Inflation 通货膨胀通货膨胀是指货币供应量增加导致物价水平上升的现象。
3. Deflation 通货紧缩通货紧缩是指货币供应量减少导致物价水平下降的现象。
4. Interest Rate 利率利率是指借贷资金所产生的利息与本金之间的比率。
5. Exchange Rate 汇率汇率是指一种货币与另一种货币之间的兑换比率。
6. Stock Market 股票市场股票市场是指买卖股票的场所，也是企业融资的重要途径。
7. Bond 债券债券是一种证券，表示借款人向债权人承诺在一定期限内支付利息和本金。
8. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) 外商直接投资外商直接投资是指一个国家的企业在另一个国家的企业中进行的长期投资。
9. Taxation 税收税收是政府从个人和企业获得财政收入的一种方式。
10. Budget Deficit 预算赤字预算赤字是指政府支出超过收入的情况，需要通过借贷或印钞等方式来弥补。
11. Trade Surplus/Trade Deficit 贸易顺差/贸易逆差贸易顺差指一个国家的出口额大于进口额，贸易逆差则相反。
12. Monetary Policy 货币政策货币政策是由中央银行制定和执行的调控货币供应量和利率水平的政策。
13. Fiscal Policy 财政政策财政政策是由政府制定和执行的调控财政支出和税收的政策。
14. Central Bank 央行央行是一个国家的货币发行和货币政策的实施机构。
15. Market Economy 市场经济市场经济是一种以市场配置资源和决定价格的经济体制。
英语中宏观经济常用词汇以及实际应用
英语中宏观经济常用词汇以及实际应用1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (国内生产总值)Sentence:The country's Gross Domestic Product grew by 3% this year, indicating economic expansion.中文翻译:该国今年的国内生产总值增长了3%，显示出经济的扩张。
2. Inflation (通货膨胀)Sentence:High inflation rates can erode consumers' purchasing power over time.中文翻译:高通货膨胀率会随着时间的推移侵蚀消费者的购买力。
3. Unemployment Rate (失业率)Sentence:The unemployment rate decreased to 5% last month, signaling a recovering labor market.中文翻译:上个月失业率下降至5%，表明劳动力市场正在恢复。
4. Fiscal Policy (财政政策)Sentence:The government implemented expansionary fiscal policy to stimulate economic growth.中文翻译:政府实施了扩张性的财政政策以刺激经济增长。
5. Monetary Policy (货币政策)Sentence:The central bank adjusted its monetary policy by lowering interest rates to encourage borrowing.中文翻译:中央银行通过降低利率调整了货币政策，以鼓励借贷。
6. Balance of Trade (贸易平衡)Sentence:A positive balance of trade occurs when a country's exports exceed its imports.中文翻译:当一个国家的出口超过进口时，就会出现贸易平衡顺差。
(完整word版)商业经济类词汇英文和中文版
corporation 公司headquarters 总部merchant 商人merger合并acquisition 收购venture 风险投资commercial channels 商业渠道commercial transaction 买卖，交易property 财产quota 配额stocks 存货，库存量bulk sale 整批销售wholesaler 批发商retailer 零售商dealer 经销商middleman 中间商boost提高，使增长terms of trade 贸易条件customs海关customs duty 关税tariff 关税，税率unfair competition不公平竞争dumping 倾销domestic/international/foreign trade 国内/国际/对外贸易export 出口exporter 出口商import 进口importer 进口商economist 经济学家entrepreneur 企业家manufacturer 制造商，制造厂monopoly 垄断productivity 生产力，生产率consumption 消费，消耗luxury 奢侈品purchase 购买，进货item 项目，细目financial 财政的，金融的monetary 货币的，金融的policyholder （保险）投保人insurance保险security 【pl.】证券bond 债券yield 收益broker 经纪人premium 保险金insurance premium 保险费investment 投资inflation 通货膨胀bankrupt 破产的，使破产dividend 红利gross 总的budget预算fluctuate 波动，涨落currency货币cash 把……兑现deficit 赤字debt 债务account 账户saving 节省；【pl.】储蓄金，存款deposit 存款certificate of deposit 存款单withdraw 取钱interest rate 利率balance 余额allowance 津贴，零用钱exchange 交换，兑换exchange rate 汇率stock库存；股票payment 付款bonus 奖金asset 【常pl.】资产，财产profit 利润margin 差额，利润job-hunting 找工作the want ads 招聘广告position/post/vacancy/opening 职位application letter 求职信job resume 工作简历fill in/out application form 填写申请表job interview 工作面试job prospects 职业前景accept/take the post 接受职位turn down/refuse 拒绝take over the position 接任职位useful/past experience 有用的/过去的工作经验appeal to sb吸引某人first impression 第一印象further talk 进一步谈判be impressive 令人印象深刻personnel department 人事部dismissal 开除，解雇unemployment 失业work overtime 加班working/office time 工作时间night shift 夜班odd job 零工pay offer 工资待遇paid vacation 带薪假training consultancy 培训咨询professional expertise 专业技能。
(完整版)经济学常用词汇(中英对照)
经济学常用词汇（中英对照）Aaccounting 会计accounting cost 会计成本accounting profit 会计利润adverse selection 逆向选择allocation 配置allocation of resources 资源配置allocative efficiency 配置效率antitrust legislation 反托拉斯法arc elasticity 弧弹性Arrow's impossibility theorem 阿罗不可能定理Assumption 假设asymetric information 非对称性信息average 平均average cost 平均成本average cost pricing 平均成本定价法average fixed cost 平均固定成本average product of capital 资本平均产量average product of labour 劳动平均产量average revenue 平均收益average total cost 平均总成本average variable cost 平均可变成本Bbarriers to entry 进入壁垒base year 基年bilateral monopoly 双边垄断benefit 收益black market 黑市bliss point 极乐点boundary point 边界点break even point 收支相抵点budget 预算budget constraint 预算约束budget line 预算线budget set 预算集Ccapital 资本capital stock 资本存量capital output ratio 资本产出比率capitalism 资本主义cardinal utility theory 基数效用论cartel 卡特尔ceteris puribus assumption “其他条件不变”的假设ceteris puribus demand curve 其他因素不变的需求曲线Chamberlin model 张伯伦模型change in demand 需求变化change in quantity demanded 需求量变化change in quantity supplied 供给量变化change in supply 供给变化choice 选择closed set 闭集Coase theorem 科斯定理Cobb—Douglas production function 柯布--道格拉斯生产函数cobweb model 蛛网模型collective bargaining 集体协议工资collusion 合谋command economy 指令经济commodity 商品commodity combination 商品组合commodity market 商品市场commodity space 商品空间common property 公用财产comparative static analysis 比较静态分析compensated budget line 补偿预算线compensated demand function 补偿需求函数compensation principles 补偿原则compensating variation in income 收入补偿变量competition 竞争competitive market 竞争性市场complement goods 互补品complete information 完全信息completeness 完备性condition for efficiency in exchange 交换的最优条件condition for efficiency in production 生产的最优条件concave 凹concave function 凹函数concave preference 凹偏好consistence 一致性constant cost industry 成本不变产业constant returns to scale 规模报酬不变constraints 约束consumer 消费者consumer behavior 消费者行为consumer choice 消费者选择consumer equilibrium 消费者均衡consumer optimization 消费者优化consumer preference 消费者偏好consumer surplus 消费者剩余consumer theory 消费者理论consumption 消费consumption bundle 消费束consumption combination 消费组合consumption possibility curve 消费可能曲线consumption possibility frontier 消费可能性边界consumption set 消费集consumption space 消费空间continuity 连续性continuous function 连续函数contract curve 契约曲线convex 凸convex function 凸函数convex preference 凸偏好convex set 凸集corporatlon 公司cost 成本cost benefit analysis 成本收益分cost function 成本函数cost minimization 成本极小化Cournot equilihrium 古诺均衡Cournot model 古诺模型Cross—price elasticity 交叉价格弹性Ddead—weights loss 重负损失decreasing cost industry 成本递减产业decreasing returns to scale 规模报酬递减deduction 演绎法demand 需求demand curve 需求曲线demand elasticity 需求弹性demand function 需求函数demand price 需求价格demand schedule 需求表depreciation 折旧derivative 导数derive demand 派生需求difference equation 差分方程differential equation 微分方程differentiated good 差异商品differentiated oligoply 差异寡头diminishing marginal substitution 边际替代率递减diminishing marginal return 收益递减diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减direct approach 直接法direct taxes 直接税discounting 贴税、折扣diseconomies of scale 规模不经济disequilibrium 非均衡distribution 分配division of labour 劳动分工distribution theory of marginal productivity 边际生产率分配论duoupoly 双头垄断、双寡duality 对偶durable goods 耐用品dynamic analysis 动态分析dynamic models 动态模型EEconomic agents 经济行为者economic cost 经济成本economic efficiency 经济效率economic goods 经济物品economic man 经济人economic mode 经济模型economic profit 经济利润economic region of production 生产的经济区域economic regulation 经济调节economic rent 经济租金exchange 交换economics 经济学exchange efficiency 交换效率economy 经济exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线economy of scale 规模经济Edgeworth box diagram 埃奇沃思图exclusion 排斥性、排他性Edgeworth contract curve 埃奇沃思契约线Edgeworth model 埃奇沃思模型efficiency 效率，效益efficiency parameter 效率参数elasticity 弹性elasticity of substitution 替代弹性endogenous variable 内生变量endowment 禀赋endowment of resources 资源禀赋Engel curve 恩格尔曲线entrepreneur 企业家entrepreneurship 企业家才能entry barriers 进入壁垒entry/exit decision 进出决策envolope curve 包络线equilibrium 均衡equilibrium condition 均衡条件equilibrium price 均衡价格equilibrium quantity 均衡产量eqity 公平equivalent variation in income 收入等价变量excess—capacity theorem 过度生产能力定理excess supply 过度供给exchange 交换exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线exclusion 排斥性、排他性exclusion principle 排他性原则existence 存在性existence of general equilibrium 总体均衡的存在性exogenous variables 外生变量expansion paths 扩展径expectation 期望expected utility 期望效用expected value 期望值expenditure 支出explicit cost 显性成本external benefit 外部收益external cost 外部成本external economy 外部经济external diseconomy 外部不经济externalities 外部性FFactor 要素factor demand 要素需求factor market 要素市场factors of production 生产要素factor substitution 要素替代factor supply 要素供给fallacy of composition 合成谬误final goods 最终产品firm 企业firms’demand curve for labor 企业劳动需求曲线firm supply curve 企业供给曲线first-degree price discrimination 第一级价格歧视first—order condition 一阶条件fixed costs 固定成本fixed input 固定投入fixed proportions production function 固定比例的生产函数flow 流量fluctuation 波动for whom to produce 为谁生产free entry 自由进入free goods 自由品，免费品free mobility of resources 资源自由流动free rider 搭便车，免费搭车function 函数future value 未来值Ggame theory 对策论、博弈论general equilibrium 总体均衡general goods 一般商品Giffen goods 吉芬晶收入补偿需求曲线Giffen's Paradox 吉芬之谜Gini coefficient 吉尼系数goldenrule 黄金规则goods 货物government failure 政府失败government regulation 政府调控grand utility possibility curve 总效用可能曲线grand utility possibility frontier 总效用可能边界Hheterogeneous product 异质产品Hicks—kaldor welfare criterion 希克斯一卡尔多福利标准homogeneity 齐次性homogeneous demand function 齐次需求函数homogeneous product 同质产品homogeneous production function 齐次生产函数horizontal summation 水平和household 家庭how to produce 如何生产human capital 人力资本hypothesis 假说Iidentity 恒等式imperfect competion 不完全竞争implicitcost 隐性成本income 收入income compensated demand curve income constraint 收入约束income consumption curve 收入消费曲线income distribution 收入分配income effect 收入效应income elasticity of demand 需求收入弹性increasing cost industry 成本递增产业increasing returns to scale 规模报酬递增inefficiency 缺乏效率index number 指数indifference 无差异indifference curve 无差异曲线indifference map 无差异族indifference relation 无差异关系indifference set 无差异集indirect approach 间接法individual analysis 个量分析individual demand curve 个人需求曲线individual demand function 个人需求函数induced variable 引致变量induction 归纳法industry 产业industry equilibrium 产业均衡industry supply curve 产业供给曲线inelastic 缺乏弹性的inferior goods 劣品inflection point 拐点information 信息information cost 信息成本initial condition 初始条件initial endowment 初始禀赋innovation 创新input 投入input—output 投入—产出institution 制度institutional economics 制度经济学insurance 保险intercept 截距interest 利息interest rate 利息率intermediate goods 中间产品internatization of externalities 外部性内部化invention 发明inverse demand function 逆需求函数investment 投资invisible hand 看不见的手isocost line 等成本线，isoprofit curve 等利润曲线isoquant curve 等产量曲线isoquant map 等产量族Kkinded—demand curve 弯折的需求曲线Llabour 劳动labour demand 劳动需求labour supply 劳动供给labour theory of value 劳动价值论labour unions 工会laissez faire 自由放任Lagrangian function 拉格朗日函数Lagrangian multiplier 拉格朗乘数，land 土地law 法则law of demand and supply 供需法law of diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution 边际替代率递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate of technical substitution 边际技术替代率law of increasing cost 成本递增法则law of one price 单一价格法则leader—follower model 领导者--跟随者模型least—cost combination of inputs 最低成本的投入组合leisure 闲暇Leontief production function 列昂节夫生产函数licenses 许可证linear demand function 线性需求函数linear homogeneity 线性齐次性linear homogeneous production function 线性齐次生产函数long run长期long run average cost 长期平均成本long run equilibrium 长期均衡long run industry supply curve 长期产业供给曲线long run marginal cost 长期边际成本long run total cost 长期总成本Lorenz curve 洛伦兹曲线loss minimization 损失极小化1ump sum tax 一次性征税luxury 奢侈品Mmacroeconomics 宏观经济学marginal 边际的marginal benefit 边际收益marginal cost 边际成本marginal cost pricing 边际成本定价marginal cost of factor 边际要素成本marginal period 市场期marginal physical productivity 实际实物生产率marginal product 边际产量marginal product of capital 资本的边际产量marginal product of 1abour 劳动的边际产量marginal productivity 边际生产率marginal rate of substitution 边替代率marginal rate of transformation 边际转换率marginal returns 边际回报marginal revenue 边际收益marginal revenue product 边际收益产品marginal revolution 边际革命marginal social benefit 社会边际收益marginal social cost 社会边际成本marginal utility 边际效用marginal value products 边际价值产品market 市场market clearance 市场结清，市场洗清market demand 市场需求market economy 市场经济market equilibrium 市场均衡market failure 市场失败market mechanism 市场机制market structure 市场结构market separation 市场分割market regulation 市场调节market share 市场份额markup pricing 加减定价法Marshallian demand function 马歇尔需求函数maximization 极大化microeconomics 微观经济学minimum wage 最低工资misallocation of resources 资源误置mixed economy 混合经济model 模型money 货币monopolistic competition 垄断竞争monopolistic exploitation 垄断剥削monopoly 垄断，卖方垄断monopoly equilibrium 垄断均衡monopoly pricing 垄断定价monopoly regulation 垄断调控monopoly rents 垄断租金monopsony 买方垄断NNash equilibrium 纳什均衡Natural monopoly 自然垄断Natural resources 自然资源Necessary condition 必要条件necessities 必需品net demand 净需求nonconvex preference 非凸性偏好nonconvexity 非凸性nonexclusion 非排斥性nonlinear pricing 非线性定价nonrivalry 非对抗性nonprice competition 非价格竞争nonsatiation 非饱和性non--zero—sum game 非零和对策normal goods 正常品normal profit 正常利润normative economics 规范经济学Oobjective function 目标函数oligopoly 寡头垄断oligopoly market 寡头市场oligopoly model 寡头模型opportunity cost 机会成本optimal choice 最佳选择optimal consumption bundle 消费束perfect elasticity 完全有弹性optimal resource allocation 最佳资源配置optimal scale 最佳规模optimal solution 最优解optimization 优化ordering of optimization(social) preference (社会)偏好排序ordinal utility 序数效用ordinary goods 一般品output 产量、产出output elasticity 产出弹性output maximization 产出极大化Pparameter 参数Pareto criterion 帕累托标准Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率Pareto improvement 帕累托改进Pareto optimality 帕累托优化Pareto set 帕累托集partial derivative 偏导数partial equilibrium 局部均衡patent 专利pay off matrix 收益矩阵、支付矩阵perceived demand curve 感觉到的需求曲线perfect competition 完全竞争perfect complement 完全互补品perfect monopoly 完全垄断perfect price discrimination 完全价格歧视perfect substitution 完全替代品perfect inelasticity 完全无弹性perfectly elastic 完全有弹性perfectly inelastic 完全无弹性plant size 工厂规模point elasticity 点弹性positive economics 实证经济学post Hoc Fallacy 后此谬误prediction 预测preference 偏好preference relation 偏好关系present value 现值price 价格price adjustment model 价格调整模型price ceiling 最高限价price consumption curve 价格费曲线price control 价格管制price difference 价格差别price discrimination 价格歧视price elasticity of demand 需求价格弹性price elasticity of supply 供给价格弹性price floor 最低限价price maker 价格制定者price rigidity 价格刚性price seeker 价格搜求者price taker 价格接受者price tax 从价税private benefit 私人收益principal—agent issues 委托--代理问题private cost 私人成本private goods 私人用品private property 私人财产producer equilibrium 生产者均衡producer theory 生产者理论product 产品product transformation curve 产品转换曲线product differentiation 产品差异product group 产品集团production 生产production contract curve 生产契约曲线production efficiency 生产效率production function 生产函数production possibility curve 生产可能性曲线productivity 生产率productivity of capital 资本生产率productivity of labor 劳动生产率profit 利润profit function 利润函数profit maximization 利润极大化property rights 产权property rights economics 产权经济学proposition 定理proportional demand curve 成比例的需求曲线public benefits 公共收益public choice 公共选择public goods 公共商品pure competition 纯粹竞争rivalry 对抗性、竞争pure exchange 纯交换pure monopoly 纯粹垄断Qquantity—adjustment model 数量调整模型quantity tax 从量税quasi—rent 准租金Rrate of product transformation 产品转换率rationality 理性reaction function 反应函数regulation 调节，调控relative price 相对价格rent 租金rent control 规模报酬rent seeking 寻租rent seeking economics 寻租经济学resource 资源resource allocation 资源配置returns 报酬、回报returns to scale 规模报酬revealed preference 显示性偏好revenue 收益revenue curve 收益曲线revenue function 收益函数revenue maximization 收益极大化ridge line 脊线risk 风险Ssatiation 饱和，满足saving 储蓄scarcity 稀缺性law of scarcity 稀缺法则second—degree price discrimination 二级价格歧视second derivative --阶导数second—order condition 二阶条件service 劳务set 集shadow prices 影子价格short—run 短期short—run cost curve 短期成本曲线short—run equilibrium 短期均衡short—run supply curve 短期供给曲线shut down decision 关闭决策shortage 短缺shut down point 关闭点single price monopoly 单一定价垄断slope 斜率social benefit 社会收益social cost 社会成本social indifference curve 社会无差异曲线social preference 社会偏好social security 社会保障social welfare function 社会福利函数socialism 社会主义solution 解space 空间stability 稳定性stable equilibrium 稳定的均衡Stackelberg model 斯塔克尔贝格模型static analysis 静态分析stock 存量stock market 股票市场strategy 策略subsidy 津贴substitutes 替代品substitution effect 替代效应substitution parameter 替代参数sufficient condition 充分条件supply 供给supply curve 供给曲线supply function 供给函数supply schedule 供给表Sweezy model 斯威齐模型symmetry 对称性symmetry of information 信息对称Ttangency 相切taste 兴致technical efficiency 技术效率technological constraints 技术约束technological progress 技术进步technology 技术third—degree price discrimination 第三级价格歧视total cost 总成本total effect 总效应total expenditure 总支出total fixed cost 总固定成本total product 总产量total revenue 总收益total utility 总效用total variable cost 总可变成本traditional economy 传统经济transitivity 传递性transaction cost 交易费用Uuncertainty 不确定性uniqueness 唯一性unit elasticity 单位弹性unstable equilibrium 不稳定均衡utility 效用utility function 效用函数utility index 效用指数utility maximization 效用极大化utility possibility curve 效用可能性曲线utility possibility frontier 效用可能性边界Vvalue 价值value judge 价值判断value of marginal product 边际产量价值variable cost 可变成本variable input 可变投入variables 变量vector 向量visible hand 看得见的手vulgur economics 庸俗经济学Wwage 工资wage rate 工资率Walras general equilibrium 瓦尔拉斯总体均衡Walras's law 瓦尔拉斯法则Wants 需要Welfare criterion 福利标准Welfare economics 福利经学Welfare loss triangle 福利损失三角形welfare maximization 福利极大化Zzero cost 零成本zero elasticity 零弹性zero homogeneity 零阶齐次性zero economic profit 零利润。
经济学专业术语(中英文对照)
经济学专业术语(中英文对照)经济学专业术语（中英文对照）1.经济学原理经济:(economy)稀缺性:(scarcity)经济学:(economics)效率:(efficiency)同等:(equality)机遇本钱:(opporyunity cost)理性人:(rational people)边际变动:(marginal change)边沿收益:(marginal benefit)边沿本钱:(marginal cost)激励:(incentive)市场经济:(market XXX)产权:(property rights)市场失灵:(market failure)外部性:(externality)市场势力:(market power)生产率:(productivity)通货膨胀:(inflation)经济周期:(business cycle)2.像经济学家一样思考循环流量图:(circular-flow diagram)生产可能性边界:(production possibilities) 微观经济学:(microeconomics)宏观经济学:(macroeconomics)实证表述:(XXX)规范表述:(normative statements)有序数对:(ordered pair)3.相互依存性与贸易的好处绝对优势:(absolute advantage)机遇本钱:(apportunity cost)比力上风:(comparative advantage)入口品:(imports)出口品:(exports)4.供给与需求的市场力量市场:(market)竞争市场:(competitive market)需求量:(quantity XXX)需求定理:(law of demand)需求表:(demand schedule)需求曲线:(demand curve)正常物品:(normal good)低档物品:(inferior good)替代品:(substitutes)互补品:(complements)供给量:(quantity supplied)供给定理:(law of supply)供给表:(supply schedule)供给曲线:(supply curve)均衡:(equilibrium)均衡价格:(equilibrium price)均衡数量:(equilibrium quantity)多余:(surplus)短缺:(shortage)供求定理:(law of supply and demand)5.弹性及其使用弹性:(elasticity)需求代价弹性:(price elasticity of demand)总收益:(total revenue)需求收入弹性:(income elasticity)需求的交叉价格弹性:(cross-price elasticity)供给价格弹性:(price elasticity of supply)6.供给需求与政策价格上限:(price ceiling)代价下限:(price floor)税收归宿:(tax incidence)7.消费者、生产者与市场效率福利经济学:(XXX)领取志愿:(willingness to pay)消费者剩余:(consumer surplus)成本:(cost)出产者残剩:(producer surplus)效率:(efficiency)平等:(equality)8.钱粮的使用无谓损失:(deadweight loss)9.国际商业天下代价:(world price)关税:(tariff)10.外部性外部性:(externality)内部性内涵化:(internalizing XXX)改正税:(corrective taxes) 科斯定理:(coase XXX)生意业务本钱:(XXX cost)11.公共物品和公共资源排他性:(excludability)消耗中的合作性:(XXX)私人物品:(private goods)公共物品:(public goods)公共资源:(common resources)俱乐部物品:(XXX goods)搭便车者:(free rider)成本-收益分析:(cost-XXX)公地悲剧:(tragedy of commons)12.税制设想征税任务:(XXX)预算赤字:(budget defict)预算盈余:(budget surplus)平均税率:(average tax rate)边沿税率:(marginal tax rate)定额税:(lump-sum tax)受益准绳:(benefits principle)领取本领准绳:(ability-to-pay principle) 纵向同等:(XXX)横向同等:(XXX)比例税:(proportional tax)累退税:(regressive tax)累进税:(progressive tax)13.出产本钱总收益:(total revenue)总本钱:(total cost)利润:(profit)显性成本:(explicit costs)隐性本钱:(implicit costs)经济利润:(economic profit)会计利润:(counting profit)生产函数:(production function)边际产量:(marginal product)边沿产量递减:(diminishing marginal product)牢固本钱:(fixed costs)可变成本:(variable costs)平均总成本:(average total cost)平均固定成本:(average fixed costs)平均可变成本:(average variable costs)边沿本钱:(marginal cost)有效规模:(efficient scale)范围经济:(economies of scale)规模不经济:(diseconomies of scale)范围收益稳定:(constant returns to scale)14.竞争市场上的企业竞争市场:(competitive market)均匀收益:(average revenue)边际收益:(marginal revenue)漂浮本钱:(sunk revenue)15.把持垄断企业:(XXX)天然把持:(XXX)价格歧视:(price discrimination)16.垄断竞争寡头:(oligopoly)把持合作:(XXX)17.寡头博弈论:(game theory)勾搭:(collusion)XXX:(cartel)纳什均衡:(Nash equilibrium)囚徒困境:(prisoners’ dilemma)占优策略:(XXX)18.生产要素市场生产要素:(factors of production)出产函数:(production function)劳动的边沿产量:(marginal product of labor)边沿产量递减:(diminishing marginal product)边沿产量值:(value of the marginal product)本钱:(capital)19.收入与歧视抵偿性人为不同:(compensating differential)人力本钱:(human capital)工会:(union)罢工:(strike)效率工资:(efficiency)歧视:(discrimination)20.收入不平等与贫困贫困率:(poverty rate)贫困率:(poverty line)实物转移支付:(in-kind transfers) 生命周期:(life cycle)持久收入:(permanent income)功利主义:(utilitariansm)功效:(utilitariansm)自由主义:(liberalism)最大最小准则:(maximin criterion) 负所得税:(negative income tax)福利:(welfare)社会保险:(social insurance)自在至上主义:(libertarianism) 21.消耗者挑选实际预算约束线:(budget constraint)无不同曲线:(indiffernnce curve)边沿替换率:(marginal rate of subtitution) 完全替代品:(perfect substitudes)完全互补品:(perfect complements)一般物品:(normal good)低档物品:(inferior good)收入效应:(income effect)替代效应:(substitution effect)XXX物品:(Giffen good)22.微观经济学前沿道德风险:(moral hazard)代理人:(agent)委托人:(principal)逆向选择:(adverse selection)发旌旗灯号:(signaling)筛选:(screening)政治经济学:(political XXX)康多塞悖论:(condorcet paradox)XXX不成能性定理:(Arrow’XXX)中值选民定理:(XXX)行动经济学:(XXX)23.一国收入的衡量微观经济学:(microeconomics)宏观经济学:(macroeconomics)国内生产总值:(XXX,GDP)消费:(consumption) 投资:(investment)政府购买:(government purchase)净出口:(net export)名义GDP:(nominal GDP)真实GDP:(real GDP)GDP平减指数:(GDP deflator)XXX.糊口用度的衡量消耗物价指数:(consumer price index,CPI)通货收缩率:(inflation rate)出产品价指数:(produer price index,PPI)指数化:(indexation)生活费用津贴:(cost-of-living allowance,COLA)名义利率:(nominal interest rate)25.出产与增加生产率:(productivity)物资本钱:(physical capital)人力本钱:(XXX)自然资源:(natural resources)手艺常识:(XXX)收益递减:(diminishing returns)追逐效应:(catch-up effect)26.储蓄、投资和金融体系金融体系:(financial system)金融市场:(financial markets)债券:(bond)股票:(stock)金融中介机构:(financial intermediaries)配合基金:(mutual fund)国民储蓄:(national saving)公家储蓄:(private saving)大众储蓄:(public saving)预算盈余:(budget surplus)预算赤字:(budget deficit)可贷资金市场:(market for loanable funds)挤出:(crowding out)27.金融学的根本工具金融学:(finance)现值:(present value)终值:(future value)复利:(compounding)风险厌恶:(risk aversion)多元化:(diversification)企业特有风险:(firm-specific risk)市场风险:(market risk)基本面风险:(fundamental analysis)有效市场假说:(efficient XXX)信息有效:(informational efficiency)随机游走:(random walk)28.失业劳动力:(laborforce)赋闲率:(XXX)劳动力参与率:(labor-force participation rate)自然失业率:(natural rate of XXX)周期性失业:(cyclical unemployment) 失去信心的工人:(discouraged workers)磨擦性赋闲:(frictional unemployment)布局性赋闲:(structural XXX)寻找工作:(job search)失业保险:(XXX)工会:(union)个人商洽:(collective bargaining)罢工:(strike)效率工资:(essiciency wages)29.泉币制度货币:(money)交流序言:(medium of exchange)计价单位:(unit of account)价值储藏手段:(store of value)流动性:(liquidity)商品货币:(commodity money)法定货币:(fiat money)通货:(currency)活期存款:(demand deposits)XXX:(Federal Reserve)中心银行:(central bank)货币供给:(money supply)货币政策:(monetary policy)XXX:(reserves)局部筹办金银行:(fractional-reserve banking)筹办金率:(reserve ratio)货币乘数:(money multiplier)银行本钱:(bank capital)杠杆:(leverage)杠杆率:(leverage ratio)本钱需求量:(capital requirement)公布市场操纵:(open-market operations)贴现率:(discount rate)法定筹办金:(reserve requirements)弥补金融打算:(supplementary financing program)联邦基金利率:(federal funds rate)30.泉币增加与通货收缩铲除通胀:(whip Inflation Now)货币数量论:(XXX)名义变量:(nominal variables)实在变量:(real variables)古典二分法:(classiacl dichotomy)货币中性:(XXX)货币流通速度:(velocity of money)数目方程式:(XXX)通货膨胀税:(inflation tax)XXX效应:(Fisher effect)皮鞋本钱:(XXX)菜单成本:(menu costs)31.开放经济的宏观经济学封闭经济:(closed XXX)开放经济:(open XXX) 出口:(exports)净出口:(net exports)。
经济术语翻译
经济术语翻译经济指标economic indicators社会总产值total product of society工农业总产值gross output value of industry and agriculture公平易近收入national income临盆力productive forces临盆材料capital goods宏不雅调控macro-economic control 经济杠杆economic levers家当政策industrial policy财务, 税收, 信贷，利率, 汇率public financing, taxation, credit, interest rate, exchange rate进步经济效益enhance economic performance/returns社会效益social effect/returns实现持续、稳定、调和的成长bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development财务赤字(红利) budget deficit(surplus)外贸出口总额gross foreign export value外商直接投资协定金额contracted foreign direct investment实际应用外资foreign investment in actualuse三资企业(中外合伙合作、外商独资经营) three kinds of enterprises with foreign investment: sino-foreign joint venture, contractual joint venture许可外商独资经营allow full foreign equity operation优惠前提favorable terms减免税收tax reduction and exemption合作方法approaches to cooperation出资方法means of contributing investment合营刻日contract term of a joint venture三来一补(来料加工,来件装配,来样加工) processing and compensationtrades(processing with materials or given samples, assembling supplied components)贸易伙伴trade partner转口贸易transit trade积极引进外来资金、技巧、人才和治理经验actively introduce capital, technology, competent professionals and managerial expertise form outside交钥匙工程turn-key project招标承包制bidding invitation contract system招标出售技巧bids for technology公开招标call for bid; tenders招标单invitation for bid (IFB)标书bidding document竟标competitive bidding投标bid for a project投标报价书bid proposals评标bid proposal evaluation开标bid opening中标win a bid; be awarded a tender拍卖auction租赁leasing保税区bonded area; free trade area实施全方位开放practice multi-directionalopening同一政策、摊开经营、平等竞争、unified policy, liberalized operation, and equal competition自负盈亏、工贸结合、履行代理制responsibility for one’s own profits and losses, the integration of industry and foreign trade, and the promotion of agent system常识产权intellectual property rights技巧让渡technology transfer可行性研究feasibility study意向书letter of intent投资情况investment environment跨国公司transnational corporation基本举措措施infrastructure20年根本实现现代化basically achieve modernization in 20 years发挥技巧窗口治理窗口和人才窗口的感化serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertise and qualified professionals from outside.招商attract investment招商项目project proposals for investment同国际惯例接轨follow the international codes of practice; bring … in line with the international usage加大年夜改革力度intensify reforms一条龙办事one package service一支笔审批one-chop approval我们两市的经济互补性很强。
经济学中常见术语(中英文对照)
经济术语价格术语trade term (price term)运费freight单价price码头费wharfage总值total value卸货费landing charges金额amount关税customs duty净价net price印花税stamp duty含佣价price including commission港口税portdues回佣return commission装运港portof shipment折扣discount,allowance卸货港port of discharge批发价wholesale price目的港portof destination零售价retail price进口许口证inportlicence现货价格spot price出口许口证exportlicence期货价格forward price现行价格（时价）current price国际市场价格world (International)Marketprice离岸价（船上交货价）FOB-free on board成本加运费价（离岸加运费价）C&F-cost and freight到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）CIF-cost,insurance and freight裙带资本主义（Crony Capitalism）道德风险（Moral Hazard）产权（property rights）公地悲剧（Tragedy of the commons）垄断（monopoly）逆向选择（adverse selection）常用经济学术语：economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozen assets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地产circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods 资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds 资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金reserve fund 准备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给current account 经常帐户(美作:checking account)current-account holder 支票帐户(美作:checking-account holder) cheque 支票(美作:check)bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook) endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币(美作:bill)to pay (in) cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币exchange rate 汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率free exchange rates 自由汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation (货币)贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃stock exchange 股票市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange 证券交易所,股票交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 股票投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 股票经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行股票par value 股面价格, 票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull 盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街short term loan 短期贷款long term loan 长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴output 产出,产量producer 生产者,制造者productive, producing 生产的products, goods 产品consumer goods 消费品article 物品,商品manufactured goods, finished goods 制成品,产成品raw product 初级产品semifinished goods 半成品by-product 副产品foodstuffs 食品raw material 原料supply 供应,补给input 投入productivity 生产率productiveness 赢利性overproduction 生产过剩农业farming林业forestry畜牧业animal husbandry副业sideline production渔业fishing第一产业primary industry第二产业secondary industry第三产业tertiary industry生产资料means of production生活资料means of livelihood/subsistence生产关系relations of production生产力productive forces公有制public ownership私有制private ownership全民所有制ownership by the entire/whole people社会主义集体所有制socialist collective ownership厉行节约，反对浪费to practice strict economy and combat waste外资企业foreign-funded enterprise合资企业joint venture合作企业cooperative enterprise独资企业wholly foreign owned/funded ente。
(完整word版)经济金融术语中英文对照
经济金融术语中英文对照D (1)E (3)F (3)G (4)J (6)K (9)L (9)M (10)N (11)P (11)Q (12)R (13)W (13)X (14)Y (16)Z (17)D打白条 issue IOU大额存单 certificate of deposit（CD）大额提现 withdraw deposits in large amounts大面积滑坡 wide-spread decline大一统的银行体制 (all—in—one)mono-bank system呆账(请见“坏账”） bad loans呆账准备金 loan loss reserves(provisions）呆滞贷款 idle loans贷款沉淀 non—performing loans贷款分类 loan classification贷款限额管理 credit control;to impose credit ceiling贷款约束机制 credit disciplinary（constraint）mechanism代理国库 to act as fiscal agent代理金融机构贷款 make loans on behalf of other institutions戴帽贷款 ear-marked loans倒逼机制reversed transmission of the pressure for easing monetary condition道德风险 moral hazard地区差别 regional disparity第一产业 the primary industry第二产业 the secondary industry第三产业 the service industry；the tertiary industry递延资产 deferrable assets订货不足 insufficient orders定期存款 time deposits定向募集 raising funds from targeted sources东道国（请见“母国”) host country独立核算 independent accounting短期国债 treasury bills对冲操作 sterilization operation;hedging对非金融部门债权 claims on non-financial sector多种所有制形式 diversified ownershipE恶性通货膨胀 hyperinflation二级市场 secondary marketF发行货币 to issue currency发行总股本 total stock issue法定准备金 required reserves;reserve requirement法人股 institutional shares法人股东 institutional shareholders法治 rule of law房地产投资 real estate investment放松银根 to ease monetary policy非现场稽核 off-site surveillance（or monitoring)非银行金融机构 non-bank financial institutions非赢利性机构 non-profit organizations分税制 assignment of central and local taxes;tax assignment system分业经营 segregation of financial business（services）;division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions风险暴露（风险敞口） risk exposure风险管理 risk management风险意识 risk awareness风险资本比例 risk-weighted capital ratios风险资本标准 risk-based capital standard服务事业收入 public service charges；user’s charges扶贫 poverty alleviation负增长 negative growth复式预算制 double-entry budgeting;capital and current budgetary account G改革试点 reform experimentation杠杆率 leverage ratio杠杆收购 leveraged buyout高息集资 to raise funds by offering high interest个人股 non-institutional shares根本扭转 fundamental turnaround（or reversal)公开市场操作 open market operations公款私存 deposit public funds in personal accounts公用事业 public utilities公有经济 the state—owned sector；the public sector公有制 public ownership工业成本利润率 profit—to—cost ratio工业增加值 industrial value added供大于求 supply exceeding demand;excessive supply鼓励措施 incentives股份合作企业 joint—equity cooperative enterprises股份制企业 joint-equity enterprises股份制银行 joint—equity banks固定资产贷款 fixed asset loans关税减免 tariff reduction and exemption关税减让 tariff concessions关税优惠 tariff incentives;preferential tariff treatment规范行为 to regularize（or standardize）…behavior规模效益 economies of scale国计民生 national interest and people’s livelihood国家对个人其他支出 other government outlays to individuals 国家风险 country risk国际分工 international division of labor国际收支 balance of payments国有独资商业银行 wholly state—owned commercial banks国有经济（部门) the state-owned(or public）sector国有企业 state-owned enterprises（SOEs）国有制 state-ownership国有资产流失 erosion of state assets国债回购 government securities repurchase国债一级自营商 primary underwriters of government securities 过度竞争 excessive competition过度膨胀 excessive expansionH合理预期 rational expectation核心资本 core capital合资企业 joint—venture enterprises红利 dividend宏观经济运营良好 sound macroeconomic performance宏观经济基本状况 macroeconomic fundamentals宏观调控 macroeconomic management（or adjustment）宏观调控目标 macroeconomic objectives（or targets）坏账 bad debt还本付息 debt service换汇成本 unit export cost;local currency cost of export earnings 汇兑在途 funds in float汇兑支出 advance payment of remittance by the beneficiary's bank 汇率并轨 unification of exchange rates活期存款 demand deposits汇率失调 exchange rate misalignment混合所有制 diversified（mixed）ownership货币政策态势 monetary policy stance货款拖欠 overdue obligations to suppliers过热J基本建设投资 investment in infrastructure基本经济要素 economic fundamentals基本适度 broadly appropriate基准利率 benchmark interest rate机关团体存款 deposits of non-profit institutions机会成本 opportunity cost激励机制 incentive mechanism积压严重 heavy stockpile;excessive inventory挤提存款 run on banks挤占挪用 unwarranted diversion of（financial）resources(from designated uses)技改投资 investment in technological upgrading技术密集型产品 technology—intensive product计划单列市 municipalities with independent planning status计划经济 planned economy集体经济 the collective sector加大结构调整力度 to intensify structural adjustment加工贸易 processing trade加快态势 accelerating trend加强税收征管稽查 to enhance tax administration加权价 weighted average price价格放开 price liberalization价格形成机制 pricing mechanism减亏 to reduce losses简化手续 to cut red tape；to simplify（streamline）procedures交投活跃 brisk trading缴存准备金 to deposit required reserves结构扭曲 structural distortion结构失调 structural imbalance结构性矛盾突出 acute structural imbalance结构优化 structural improvement（optimization）结汇、售汇 sale and purchase of foreign exchange金融脆弱 financial fragility金融动荡 financial turbulence金融风波 financial disturbance金融恐慌 financial panic金融危机 financial crisis金融压抑 financial repression金融衍生物 financial derivatives金融诈骗 financial fraud紧缩银根 to tighten monetary policy紧缩政策 austerity policies;tight financial policies经常账户可兑换 current account convertibility经济特区 special economic zones（SEZs）经济体制改革 economic reform经济增长方式的转变 change in the main source of economic growth（from investment expansion to efficiency gains）经济增长减速 economic slowdown;moderation in economic growth经济制裁 economic sanction经营自主权 autonomy in management景气回升 recovery in business activity境外投资 overseas investment竞争加剧 intensifying competition局部性金融风波 localized（isolated）financial disturbance迹象 signs of overheatingK开办人民币业务 to engage in RMB business可维持（可持续)经济增长 sustainable economic growth可变成本 variable cost可自由兑换货币 freely convertible currency控制现金投放 control currency issuance扣除物价因素 in real terms;on inflation-adjusted basis库存产品 inventory跨国银行业务 cross-border banking跨年度采购 cross—year procurement会计准则 accounting standardL来料加工 processing of imported materials for export离岸银行业务 off-shore banking（business）理顺外贸体制 to rationalize foreign trade regime利率杠杆的调节作用 the role of interest rates in resource allocation利润驱动 profit-driven利息回收率 interest collection ratio联行清算 inter—bank settlement连锁企业 franchise（businesses）;chain businesses良性循环 virtuous cycle两极分化 growing income disparity;polarization in income distribution 零售物价指数 retail price index（RPI）流动性比例 liquidity ratio流动资产周转率/流通速度 velocity of liquid assets流动资金贷款 working capital loans流通体制 distribution system流通网络 distribution network留购(租赁期满时承租人可购买租赁物） hire purchase垄断行业 monopolized industry(sector）乱集资 irregular（illegal）fund raising乱收费 irregular（illegal）charges乱摊派 unjustified（arbitrary）leviesM买方市场 buyer's market卖方市场 seller’s market卖出回购证券 matched sale of repo贸易差额 trade balance民间信用 non-institutionalized credit免二减三 exemption of income tax for the first two years ofmaking profit and 50% tax reduction for thefollowing three years明补 explicit subsidy明亏 explicit loss名牌产品 brand products母国(请见“东道国”) home countryN内部控制 internal control内部审计 internal audit内地与香港 the mainland and Hong Kong内债 domestic debt扭亏为盈 to turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one扭曲金融分配 distorted allocation of financial resources农副产品采购支出 outlays for agricultural procurement农村信用社 rural credit cooperatives(RCCs）P泡沫效应 bubble effect泡沫经济 bubble economy培育新的经济增长点 to tap new sources of economic growth片面追求发展速度 excessive pursuit of growth平衡发展 balanced development瓶颈制约 bottleneck（constraints）平稳回升 steady recovery铺底流动资金 initial（start-up）working capital普遍回升 broad—based recovery配套改革 concomitant（supporting）reforms配套人民币资金 lQ企业办社会 enterprises burdened with social responsibilities企业集团战略 corporate group strategy企业兼并重组 company merger and restructuring企业领导班子 enterprise management企业所得税 enterprise（corporate）income tax企业效益 corporate profitability企业资金违规流入股市 irregular flow of enterprise funds into the stock market欠税 tax arrears欠息 overdue interest强化税收征管 to strengthen tax administration强制措施 enforcement action翘尾因素 carryover effect切一刀 partial application清理收回贷款 clean up and recover loans(破产）清算 liquidation倾斜政策 preferential policy区别对待 differential treatment趋势加强 intensifying trend全球化 globalization权益回报率 returns on equity(ROE)缺乏后劲 unsustainable momentumR绕规模贷款 to circumvent credit ceiling人均国内生产总值 per capita GDP人均收入 per capita income人民币升值压力 upward pressure on the Renminbi(exchange rate）认缴资本 subscribed capital软贷款 soft loans软预算约束 soft budget constraint软着陆 soft landingocal currency funding of…W外部审计 external audit外国直接投资 foreign direct investment （FDI）外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves外汇调剂 foreign exchange swap外汇占款the RMB counterpart of foreign exchange reserves;the RMB equivalent of offcial foreign exchange holdings外向型经济 export—oriented economy外债 external debt外资企业 foreign-funded enterprises完善现代企业制度 to improve the modern enterprise system完税凭证 tax payment documentation违法经营 illegal business委托存款 entrusted deposits稳步增长 steady growth稳健的银行系统 a sound banking system稳中求进 to make progress while ensuring stability无纸交易 book-entry（or paperless/scriptless）transaction物价监测 price monitoringX吸纳流动性 to absorb liquidity稀缺经济 scarcity economy洗钱 money laundering系统内调度 fund allocation within a bank系统性金融危机 systemic financial crisis下岗工人 laid-off employees下游企业 down—stream enterprises现场稽核 on-site examination现金滞留（居民手中） cash held outside the banking system乡镇企业 township and village enterprises（TVEs）消费物价指数 consumer price index（CPI）消费税 excise（consumption)tax消灭财政赤字 to balance the budget；to eliminate fiscal deficit销货款回笼 reflow of corporate sales income to the banking system销售平淡 lackluster sales协议外资金额 committed amount of foreign investment新经济增长点 new sources of economic growth新开工项目 new projects;newly started projects新增贷款incremental credit; loan increment；credit growth; credit expansion新增就业位置 new jobs;new job opportunities信贷规模考核 review the compliance with credit ceilings信号失真 distorted signals信托投资公司 trust and investment companies信息不对称 information asymmetry信息反馈 feedback(information）信息共享系统 information sharing system信息披露 information disclosure信用扩张 credir expansion信用评级 credit rating姓“资”还是姓“社” pertaining to socialism or capitalism；socialist orcaptialist行政措施 administrative measures需求膨胀 demand expansion； excessive demand虚伪存款 window-dressing deposits削减冗员 to shed excess labor force寻租 rent seeking迅速反弹 quick reboundY养老基金 pension fund一刀切 universal application;non-discretionary implementation一级市场 primary market应收未收利息 overdue interest银行网点 banking outlets赢利能力 profitability营业税 business tax硬贷款（商业贷款) commercial loans用地审批 to grant land use right有管理的浮动汇率 managed floating exchange rate证券投资 portfolio investment游资（热钱） hot money有市场的产品 marketable products有效供给 effective supply诱发新一轮经济扩张 trigger a new round of economic expansion逾期贷款 overdue loans；past-due loans与国际惯例接轨 to become compatible with internationally accepted与国际市场接轨 to integrate with the world market预算外支出（收入） off—budget (extra—budgetary） expenditure（revenue）预调 pre-emptive adjustment月环比 on a month-on-month basis； on a monthly basisZ再贷款 central bank lending在国际金融机构储备头寸reserve position in international financial institutions在人行存款 deposits at （with) the central bank在途资金 fund in float增加农业投入 to increase investment in agriculture增势减缓 deceleration of growth;moderation of growthmomentum增收节支措施 revenue—enhancing and expenditure control measures增长平稳 steady growth增值税 value—added tax(VAT）涨幅偏高 higher-than—desirable growth rate；excessive growth账外账 concealed accounts折旧 depreciation整顿 retrenchment；consolidation政策工具 policy instrument政策性业务 policy-related operations政策性银行 policy banks政策组合 policy mix政府干预 government intervention证券交易清算 settlement of securities transactions证券业务占款 funding of securities purchase支付困难 payment difficulty支付能力 payment capacity直接调控方式向 to increase the reliance on indirect policy instruments 间接调控方式转变职能转换 transformation of functions职业道德 professional ethics指令性措施 mandatory measures指令性计划 mandatory plan;administered plan制定和实施货币政策 to conduct monetary policy；to formulate and implement monetary policy滞后影响 lagged effect中介机构 intermediaries中央与地方财政 delineation of fiscal responsibilities分灶吃饭重点建设 key construction projects；key investment project周期谷底 bottom（trough)of business cycle周转速度 velocity主办银行 main bank主权风险 sovereign risk注册资本 registered capital逐步到位 to phase in;phased implementation逐步取消 to phase out抓大放小 to seize the big and free the small（to maintain close oversighton the large state—ownedenterprises and subject smaller ones to market competition)专款专用 use of funds as ear—marked转贷 on-lending转轨经济 transition economy转机 turnaround转折关头 turning point准财政赤字 quasi—fiscal deficit准货币 quasi-money资本不足 under—capitalized资本充足率 capital adequacy ratio资本利润率 return on capital资本账户可兑换 capital account convertibility资不抵债 insolvent；insolvency资产负债表 balance sheet资产负债率 liability/asset ratio;ratio of liabilities to assets资产集中 asset concentration资产贡献率 asset contribution factor资产利润率 return on assets (ROA）资产质量 asset quality资产组合 asset portfolio资金成本 cost of funding;cost of capital；financing cost资金到位 fully funded （project）资金宽裕 to have sufficient funds资金利用率 fund utilization rate资金缺口 financing gap资金体外循环 financial disintermediation资金占压 funds tied up自筹投资项目 self-financed projects自有资金 equity fund综合国力 overall national strength(often measured by GDP）综合效益指标 overall efficiency indicator综合治理 comprehensive adjustment（retrenchment）；over—haul 总成交额 total contract value总交易量 total amount of transactions总成本 total cost最后贷款人 lender of last resort。
经济类英语专业词汇汇总
经济类英语专业词汇汇总1. GDP (Gross Domestic Product) - 国内生产总值2. Inflation - 通货膨胀3. Deflation - 通货紧缩4. Unemployment rate - 失业率5. Consumer Price Index (CPI) - 居民消费价格指数6. Interest rate - 利率7. Exchange rate - 汇率8. Balance of trade - 贸易差额9. Stock market - 股市10. Bond market - 债券市场11. Fiscal policy - 财政政策12. Monetary policy - 货币政策13. Supply and demand - 供求关系14. Economic growth - 经济增长15. Recession - 经济衰退16. Depression - 经济萧条17. Entrepreneurship - 创业精神18. Capitalism - 资本主义19. Socialism - 社会主义20. Market economy - 市场经济21. Planned economy - 计划经济22. Globalization - 全球化23. Tariff - 关税24. Subsidy - 补贴25. Monopoly - 垄断26. Oligopoly - 寡头垄断27. Economic inequality - 经济不平等28. Economic development - 经济发展29. Foreign direct investment (FDI) - 外商直接投资30. Macroeconomics - 宏观经济学31. Microeconomics - 微观经济学32. Economic indicators - 经济指标34. Net exports - 净出口35. Gross profit - 毛利润36. Free trade - 自由贸易37. Market equilibrium - 市场均衡38. Demand curve - 需求曲线39. Supply curve - 供给曲线。
(完整版)经济学专业英语
(完整版)经济学专业英语经济学专业英语简介本文档将介绍经济学专业英语的相关内容，包括词汇、概念和常用表达。
词汇经济学专业英语中常用的词汇包括：- economics 经济学- supply and demand 供求关系- inflation 通货膨胀- recession 经济衰退- GDP (Gross Domestic Product) 国内生产总值- interest rate 利率- investment 投资- market 市场- price elasticity 价格弹性- fiscal policy 财政政策- monetary policy 货币政策- unemployment rate 失业率概念在经济学专业英语中，一些重要的概念有：- opportunity cost 机会成本：指做出某种选择时所牺牲的最高加法的选择- marginal utility 边际效用：指额外获得一单位商品或服务所带来的满足感的增量- economies of scale 规模经济：指单位产品成本随着产量增加而减少的现象- game theory 博弈论：研究决策者之间相互关联的行为模式和策略选择的数学理论常用表达经济学专业英语中的常用表达包括：- according to 根据- in response to 回应- as a result of 结果是- on the contrary 相反- in conclusion 总之- on the other hand 另一方面- for example 例如- in addition 另外- therefore 因此- however 然而结论本文档介绍了经济学专业英语的相关词汇、概念和常用表达。
希望对学习经济学专业英语的同学有所帮助。
经济术语 及翻译
绝对优势：Absolute advantage无政府主义者：Anarchists套利机会: Arbitrage opportunity以物易物：Barter黑市：Black market债券：Bond举债/入不敷出：Borrowing 、dissaving预算赤字：Budget deficits经济周期：Business cycle/ boom-bust cycle 可赎回债券：Callable bonds资本消耗：Capital consumption资本品：Capital goods资本主义：Capitalism抵押物：Collateral计划经济：Command economic比较优势：Comparative advantage竞争：Competition互补品：Compiements消费品与服务：Comsumergoods and services 消费价格指数：Comsumer pricei ndex公司股票：Corporate stock腐败：Corruption反周期政策：Countercyclical policies信用卡：credit card信用记录：Credit history信用额度：credit limit信用风险：Credit risk信用中介：Credit intermediary信用评分：Credit score挤出效应：Crowding out信用交易：Credit Transaction贬值：Debasement违约：Default拖欠债务：Delinquencies需求：Demand需求曲线：Demand curve需求表：Demand schedule储户：Depreciation折旧：Depreciation直接交换：Direct exchange折现：Discount非均衡：Disequilibrium股息：Dividend劳动分工：Division of labor禁毒：Druge prohibition经济民主：Economic democracy经济问题：Economic problem规模经济：Economic of scale企业家：entrepreneur均衡：Equilibrium汇率：Exchang rate预期：Expectations开支：Expenses出口：Exports债券的票面价值：Face value of a bond美联储：Federal Reserve法定货币：Fiat money固定费用：Fixed costs流量：Flow variable上市：Going public累进所得税：Graduated income tax毛利：Gross profit通货膨胀：Inflation首次公开募股：Initial public offering制度：Institution利息：Interest利率风险：Interest rate risk干预主义：Interventionism投资：Investment发行债券：Issuing debt发行股票：issuing stock凯恩斯主义经济学：Keynesian economics 劳动力：Labor需求定理：law of demand供给定理：law of supply宏观经济：macro-economics货币通胀：Monetary Inflation货币利润：Monetary profit货币亏损：Monetary loss按揭:Mortgage国债：National debt净利润：Net profit偏好：Preferences最高限价：Price ceiling价格管制：Price controls最低限价：Price floor价格通胀：Price Inflation价格支持：price support私有财产权：Private property。
经济术语的翻译
常用经济术语的翻译汉语English国民经济、对外经济贸易NATIONAL ECONOMY, FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND TRADE20年基本实现现代化basically achieve modernization in 20 years八五计划the 8th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development百分点percentage points保持发展后劲bring about a sustainable development; sustain momentum of development保持双边贸易的平衡balance the two-way trade保税区bonded area; free trade area标书bidding document财政, 税收, 信贷，利率, 汇率public financing, taxation, credit, interest rate, exchange rate 财政赤字(盈余) budget deficit(surplus)财政收入state revenue菜篮子工程shipping basket project产业政策industrial policy出资方式means of contributing investment创汇型企业foreign exchange-earning enterprise粗放/集约经营extensive/intensive operation存款/贷款余额the balance of deposits/loans导致价格持续增长的一个重要因素在于物价的逐步放开及价格结构调整。
An important factor (contributing to/resulting in) substantial price hikes lies in the gradual lifting of prices control and the structural adjustment of prices.第一、二、三产业primary, secondary and tertiary industries发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertise and qualified professionals from outside.风险投资venture investment/capital高附加值的深加工down-stream processing with high added-value 格局初步形成Pattern has taken initial shape.工农业总产值gross output value of industry and agriculture 公开招标call for bid; tenders供不应求short supply供大于求oversupply购买力平价法purchasing power parity固定资产投资investment in fixed assets关系民生的产品products vital to the people's livelihood规范价格秩序standardize the price order国产化percentage of home-made parts国家统配物资materials allocated by state国家指令性计划state mandatory planning国民经济的支柱mainstay of the national economy国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product)国民收入national income国内配套资金domestic funds国内生产总值GDP (Gross Domestic Product)合营期限contract term of a joint venture合作方式approaches to cooperation宏观调控macro-economic control火炬计划Torch Plan货币发放the issue of currency积极引进外来资金、技术、人才和管理经验actively introduce capital, technology, competent professionals and managerial expertise form outside基础地位leading position基础设施infrastructure计划经济planned economy技术、智力、资本密集型technology, knowledge or capital intensive 技术入股technology appraised as capital stock技术转让technology transfer加大改革力度intensify reforms减免税收tax reduction and exemption简化流通环节，增加随机检查simplify circulation and add more random checks建立市场经济、法制、民主监督和廉政"三个机制" establish operational mechanisms of market economy, rule by law, democratic supervision and incorruptible government降低过热的期货市场，恢复金融秩序cool down the over-heated future market and restore financial order交钥匙工程turn-key project紧缩银根tighten the money supply经济杠杆economic levers经济过热overheated economy经济实力economic capabilities经济指标economic indicators竟标competitive bidding开标bid opening看好经济增长think highly of economic growth科研成果产业化industrialization of research findings可行性研究feasibility study库存积压overstocked products跨国公司transnational corporation劳动密集型labor intensive理顺企业的产权关系rationalize the property rights relationships of enterprises 良性循环positive cycle龙头pacemaker; leading role贸易伙伴trade partner贸易顺差trade surplus门类齐全covering extensive fields内联企业inland associated enterprises拍卖auction配套措施supporting measures配套改革coordinated reforms配套工程auxiliary project批量生产mass production片面追求发展速度seek an unduly high growth rate平等互利，互通有无equality and mutual benefit, and trading of needed goods 评标bid proposal evaluation瓶颈bottleneck企业“工效挂钩”link total payroll with the performance of an enterprise人均国内生产总值GDP per capita三角债chain debts三来一补(来料加工,来件装配,来样加工) processing and compensation trades(processing with materials or given samples, assembling supplied components)三通一平（水通、电通、路通、施工场地平）three connections and one leveling assuring that a construction site is connected to water and electric power supplies and roads, and that the ground is leveled before a project is begun.三资企业(中外合资合作、外商独资经营) three kinds of enterprises with foreign investment: Sino-foreign joint venture, contractual joint venture上不封顶，下不保底set no ceiling limit and give no minimum guarantee 社会零售物价总指数general retail price index社会商品零售总额total volume of retail sales社会效益social effect/returns社会总产值total product of society升级换代upgrading and updating生产力productive forces生产资料capital goods生意兴隆/冷淡Business is booming/sluggish实际利用外资foreign investment in actual use实现产业结构、生态环境和人口素质"三个优化" optimize industrial structure, ecological environment and the quality of population实现持续、稳定、协调的发展bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development 实行全方位开放practice multi-directional opening市场调节market regulation市场机制开始发挥调节作用。
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最新常用经济术语国民经济NATIONALECONOMR,中国化chinization对外经济贸易FOREIGNECONOMICRELATIONSANDTRADE经济指标economicindicators社会总产值totalproductofsocietR国民生产总值GNP(GrossNationalProduct)国内生产总值GDP(GrossDomesticProduct)人均国内生产总值GDPpercapita工农业总产值grossoutputvalueofindustrRandagriculture国民收入nationalincome购买力平价法purchasingpowerparitR(thefactoftheunitsofmoneRoftwodifferentcountriesbeinge qual财政收入staterevenue社会商品零售总额totalvolumeofretailsales社会零售物价总指数generalretailpriceindeR百分点percentagepoints"八五"计划the8thFive-RearPlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopment 计划经济plannedeconomR统购统销statemonopolRoverpurchaseandmarketing市场经济marketeconomR指令性计划mandatorRplan指导性计划guidanceplan市场调节marketregulation建立市场经济、法制、民主监督和廉政"三个机制"establishoperationalmechanismsofmarketeconomR,rulebRlaw,democraticsuper visionandincorruptiblegovernment抓好农业、交通能源、教育科技"三个基础"stressprioritiesoveragriculture,transportationandenergRsupplR,educationands cienceandtechnologR实现产业结构、生态环境和人口素质"三个优化"optimizeindustrialstructure,ecologicalenvironmentandthequalitRofpopulation 第一、二、三产业primarR,secondarRandtertiarRindustries外向型经济eRport-orientedeconomR创汇型企业foreigneRchange-earningenterprise劳动密集型laborintensive技术、智力、资本密集型technologR,knowledgeorcapitalintensive高附加值的深加工down-streamprocessingwithhighadded-value优化资源配置optimizeallocationofresources生产力productiveforces生产资料capitalgoods科研成果产业化industrializationofresearchfindings火炬计划TorchPlan技术入股technologRappraisedascapitalstock风险投资ventureinvestment/capital固定资产投资investmentinfiRedassets折旧费depreciationcost关系民生的产品productsvitaltothe people’s livelihood供大于求oversupplR供不应求shortsupplR经济过热overheatedeconomR抑制炒房地产热stemfrenziedandspeculativetradinginthepropertRmarket经济指标economicindicators社会总产值totalproductofsocietR工农业总产值grossoutputvalueofindustrRandagriculture国民收入nationalincome生产力productiveforces生产资料capitalgoods宏观调控macro-economiccontrol经济杠杆economiclevers产业政策industrialpolicR财政,税收,信贷，利率,汇率publicfinancing,taRation,credit,interestrate,eRchangerate提高经济效益enhanceeconomicperformance/returns社会效益socialeffect/returns实现持续、稳定、协调的发展bringaboutsustained,stableandcoordinateddevelopment财政赤字(盈余)budgetdeficit(surplus)外贸出口总额grossforeigneRportvalue外商直接投资协议金额contractedforeigndirectinvestment实际利用外资foreigninvestmentinactualuse三资企业(中外合资合作、外商独资经营)threekindsofenterpriseswithforeigninvestment:sino-foreignjointventure,contr actualjointventure允许外商独资经营allowfullforeignequitRoperation优惠条件favorableterms减免税收taRreductionandeRemption合作方式approachestocooperation出资方式meansofcontributinginvestment合营期限contracttermofajointventure三来一补(来料加工,来件装配,来样加工)processingandcompensationtrades(processingwithmaterialsorgivensamples,as semblingsuppliedcomponents)贸易伙伴tradepartner转口贸易transittrade积极引进外来资金、技术、人才和管理经验activelRintroducecapital,technologR,competentprofessionalsandmanagerialeRpe rtiseformoutside交钥匙工程turn-keRproject招标承包制biddinginvitationcontractsRstem招标出售技术bidsfortechnologR公开招标callforbid;tenders招标单invitationforbid(IFB)标书biddingdocument竟标competitivebidding投标bidforaproject投标报价书bidproposals评标bidproposalevaluation开标bidopening中标winabid;beawardedatender拍卖auction租赁leasing保税区bondedarea;freetradearea实行全方位开放practicemulti-directionalopening统一政策、放开经营、平等竞争、unifiedpolicR,liberalizedoperation,andequalcompetition自负盈亏、工贸结合、推行代理制responsibilitRfor one’s ownprofitsandlosses,theintegrationofindustrRandforeigntr ade,andthepromotionofagentsRstem知识产权intellectualpropertRrights技术转让technologRtransfer可行性研究feasibilitRstudR意向书letterofintent投资环境investmentenvironment跨国公司transnationalcorporation基础设施infrastructure20年基本实现现代化basicallRachievemodernizationin20Rears发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用serveasamediumforintroducingadvancedtechnologies,managerialeRpertiseandqu alifiedprofessionalsfromoutside.招商attractinvestment招商项目projectproposalsforinvestment同国际惯例接轨followtheinternationalcodesofpractice;bring…inlinewiththeinternationalusage 加大改革力度intensifRreforms一条龙服务onepackageservice一支笔审批one-chopapproval我们两市的经济互补性很强。
ToagreateRtent,theeconomiesbetweenouttwocitiesarecomplementarRtoeachother .平等互利，互通有无equalitRandmutualbenefit,andtradingofneededgoods外引内联actasanintermediarRforintroducingforeigncapitalandestablishingdomesticconnec tions保持发展后劲bringaboutasustainabledevelopment;sustainmomentumofdevelopment三通一平（水通、电通、路通、施工场地平）"threeconnectionsandoneleveling"assuringthataconstructionsiteisconnectedtowat erandelectricpowersuppliesandroads,andthatthegroundisleveledbeforeaprojectis begun.瓶颈bottleneck以工养农useindustrialincometofinanceagriculture以路养路usetollstorepaRinvestmentinroadprojects下放审批权delegatetheauthoritRtoeRamineandapprovetolowerlevels统而不死，活而不乱ensureafleRiblecontrol良性循环positivecRcle国民经济的支柱mainstaRofthenationaleconomR格局初步形成Patternhastakeninitialshape.理顺企业的产权关系rationalizethepropertRrightsrelationshipsofenterprises政策性亏损policR-relatedloss三角债chaindebts上不封顶，下不保底setnoceilinglimitandgivenominimumguarantee企业“工效挂钩”linktotalpaRrollwiththeperformanceofanenterprise生意兴隆/冷淡Businessisbooming/sluggish质量信得过单位qualitRtrustworthRorganization批量生产massproduction以销定产limitproductiontomarketabilitR内联企业inlandassociatedenterprises菜篮子工程shoppingbasketproject国产化percentageofhome-madeparts配套改革coordinatedreforms配套措施supportingmeasures配套工程auRiliarRproject国内配套资金domesticfunds向基础工业倾斜的政策policRinfavorofbasicindustrR升级换代upgradingandupdating看好经济增长thinkhighlRofeconomicgrowth行情看好Favorableprice/marketcanbeeRpected.行情看涨/跌anticipatelowermarketprice/risingprice随行就市fluctuateinlinewithmarketconditions片面追求发展速度seekanundulRhighgrowthrate在过渡时期inaperiodoftransition粗放/集约经营eRtensive/intensiveoperation基础地位leadingposition门类齐全coveringeRtensivefields存款/贷款余额thebalanceofdeposits/loans外汇储备foreigneRchangereserves贸易顺差tradesurplus完善的市场和发达的金融体制well-establishedmarketandsophisticatedfinancialsRstem消灭失业wipeoutunemploRment降低过热的期货市场，恢复金融秩序cooldowntheover-heatedfuturemarketandrestorefinancialorder紧缩银根tightenthemoneRsupplR一位数水平onedigitlevel保持双边贸易的平衡balancethetwo-waRtrade这次会议为两国进一步加强持续的经济联系奠定了坚实的基础。