93年大学俄语四级答案解析
大学俄语东方第四册习题答案及课文翻译1-6课
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1993年6月大学英语四级CET4真题及答案
1993年6月大学英语四级CET4真题及答案1993年6月大学英语四级CET4真题及答案1993年6月大学英语四级CET4真题及答案part i listening comprehension (20 minutes)section a1. (a) the pear. (c) the sea food.(b) the weather. (d) the cold.2. (a) mary has never studied mathematics. (c) mary enjoys learning mathematics.(b) mary must be good at mathematics. (d) mary probably is poor at mathematics.3. (a) george's brother. (c) george's father.(b) george's wife. (d) george's father-in-law.4. (a) she can use his car. (c) she must get her car fixed.(b) she can borrow someone else's car. (d) she can't borrow his car.5. (a) at 2:35. (c) at 3:00.(b) at 2:45. (d) at 3:15.6. (a) to the bank. (c) to a shoe store.(b) to bookstore. (d) to the grocer's.7. (a) near the station (c) in the city.(b) in the country (d) near her work place8. (a) at a cigarette store (c) at a gas station(b) at a bus station (d) at aunt mary's9. (a) form upstairs (c) form the nelsons' house.(b) form next door. (d) form the back door.10. (a) the choice of course. (c) an evening course.(b) a day course. (d) their work.section bpassage onequestions 11 to 14 are based on the following passage you have just heard.11. (a) they haven't reached a decision yet. (c) they want to go hunting camping.(b) they have decided to go hunting bears. (d) they want to go exploring the country.12. (a) susie. (c) the speaker.(b) tom. (d) the speaker's husband.12. (a) they chased the bear away.(b) they stayed outside the tent and did nothing.(c) they climbed up a tree.(d) they put some honey outside for the bear to eat.14. (a) he ate the honey. (c) he chased the people away.(b) he drank the beer. (d) he turned things upside down.passage twoquestions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15. (a) he missed the appointment. (c) he was sick.(b) he arrived late. (d) he was very busy.16. (a) he was busy sightseeing. (c) he didn't want to see mr. jordan any more.(b) he couldn't reach mr. jordan's office. (d) he didn't want to take the trouble making it.17. (a) the trip didn't do any good to his health.(b) the trip was a complete disappointment.(c) the trip was enjoyable but not fruitful in terms of business.(d) the trip made it possible for him to meet many interesting people.passage threequestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. (a) he lost consciousness. (c) he was seriously injured.(b) he was slightly wounded. (d) he was buried under an icebox.19. (a) about four days. (c) a day and a half.(b) around eight days. (d) more than six days.20. (a) his father pulled him out in time. (c) he stayed in an icebox.(b) he left the area before the earthquake. (d) their house escaped the earthquake. part ii reading comprehension (35 minutes)passage onequestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.nursing at beth israel hospital produces the best patient care possible. if we are to solve the nursing shortage (不足), hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow beth israel's example.at beth israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state. then she writes a care plan centered on the patient's illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.the primary nurse stays with the patient through hishospitalization, keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. if a patient at beth israel is not responding to treatment, it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. what the doctor at beth israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.nursing at beth israel also involves a decentralized (分散的) nursing administration; every floor, every unit is a self-contained organization. there are nurse-managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary recommendations. each unit's nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.[page]beth israel's nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital. she also is a member of the medical executive committee, which is most hospitals includes only doctors.21.which of the following best characterizes the main feature of the nursing system at beth israel hospital?(a) the doctor gets more active professional support from the primary nurse.(b) each patient is taken care of by a primary nurse dayand night.(c) the primary nurse writes care plans for every patient.(d) the primary nurse keeps records of the patient's health conditions every day.22.it can be inferred from the passage that _____.(a) compared with other hospitals nurse at beth israel hospital are more patient(b) in most hospitals patient care is inadequate from the professional point of view(c) in most hospital nurse get low salaries(d) compared with other hospital nurses have to work longer hours at beth israel hospital23.a primary nurse can propose a different approach of treatment when _____.(a) the present one is refused by the patient(b) the patient complains about the present one(c) the present one proves to be ineffective(d) the patient is found unwilling to cooperate24.the main difference between a nurse-manager and a head nurse is that the former _____.(a) is a member of the medical executive committee of the hospital(b) has to arrange the work shifts of the unit's nurses(c) can make decisions concerning the medical treatment of a patient(d) has full responsibility in the administration of the unit's nurses25.the author's attitude towards the nurse system at beth israel hospital is _____.(a) negative (c) neutral(b) critical (d) positivepassage twoquestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.for some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other creatures-learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. but it used also to be widely believed that effective reward, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的) "drives" as thirst or hunger. in other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink of some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.it is now clear that this is not so. babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. so he began to study the children's responses in situations where on milk was provided. he quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on". a display of lights-and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many three turns to one side.papusek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.26.according to the author, babies learn to do things which _____.(a) are directly related to pleasure (c) will bring them a feeling of success(b) will meet their physical needs (d) will satisfy their curiosity27.papousek noticed in his studies that a baby _____.(a) would make learned responses when it saw the milk [page](b) would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink(c) would continue the simple movements without being given milk(d) would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink28.in papousek's experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to ______.(a) have the lights turned on (c) please their parents(b) be rewarded with milk (d) be praised29.the babies would "smile and bubble" at the lights because ______.(a) the lights were directly related to some basic "drives"(b) the sight of the lights was interesting(c) they need not turn back to watch the lights(d) they succeeded in "switching on" the lights30.according to papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something is a reflection of _____.(a) a basic human desire to understand and control the world(b) the satisfaction of certain physiological needs(c) their strong desire to solve complex(d) a fundamental human urge to display their learned skillspassage threequestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.when a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty (保单), or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. in most cases, this action will produce results. however, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.a simple and common method used by many consumersis to complain directly to the store manager. in general, the "higher up" the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. in such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favor, assuming he or she has a just claim.consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in questions. if this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. for example, "the left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear" is better than "this stereo (立体声音响) does not work."the store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer. if so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly as possible. but if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go a step further. she or he can threaten to takethe seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumers' rights.31. when a consumer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to _____.(a) complain personally to the manager(b) threaten to take the matter to court(c) write a firm letter of complaint to the store or purchase(d) show some written proof of the purchase to the store32. if a consumer wants a quick settlement of his problem, it's better to complain to ______.(a) a shop assistant (c) the manufacturer(b) the store manager (d) a public organization33. the most effective complaint can be made by _____.(a) showing the faulty item to the manufacturer(b) explaining exactly what is wrong with the item(c) saying firmly that the item of poor quality(d) asking politely to change the item34. the phrase "live up" (para. 1, line 2) in the context means _____.(a) meet the standard of (c) fulfil the demands of(b) realize the purpose of (d) keep the promise of35. the passage tells us _____.(a) how to settle a consumer's complaint about a faulty item(b) how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item(c) how to avoid buying a faulty item(d) how to deal with complaints from customerspassage fourquestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage. [page]if women are mercilessly exploited (剥削) year after year, they have only themselves to blame. because they tremble at the thought of being seem in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. when you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe (衣柜) packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. skirtsare lengthened or shortened; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.no one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability (耐用). they are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. there can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.when comparing men and men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? that is for you to decide.36. designers and big stores always make money _____.(a) by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industry(b) because they are capable of predicting new fashions(c) by constantly changing the fashions in women's clothing(d) because they attach great importance to quality in women's clothing37. to the writer, the fact that women alter their old-fashioned dresses is seen as _____ .(a) a waste of money (c) an expression of taste(b) a waste of time (d) an expression of creativity38. the writer would be less critical if fashion designers placed more stress on the ______ of clothing.(a) cost (c) comfort(b) appearance (d) suitability39. according to the passage, which of the following statements is true? ______.(a) new fashions in clothing are created for the commercial exploitation of women.(b) the constant changes in women's clothing reflect their strength of character.(c) the fashion industry makes an important contribution to society.(d) fashion designs should not be encouraged since theyare only welcomed by women.40. by saying "the conclusion to be drawn are obvious" (para 4, line 1-2), the writer means that _____.(a) women's inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughed at(b) women are better able to put up with discomfort(c) men are also exploited greatly by fashion designers(d) men are more reasonable in the matter of fashionpart iii vocabulary and structure (20 minutes)41. jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy ____ for her examination.(a) to prepare (c) preparing(b) to be prepared (d) being prepared42. five minutes earlier, ____ we could have caught the last train.(a) and (b) but (c) or (d) an order43. i cannot give you ____ for the type of car you sell because there is no demand for it in the market.(a) an expense (b) a charge (c) a purchase (d) an order44. after ____ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.(a) being interviewed (c) interviewing(b) interviewed (d) having interviewed45. by the end of this month, we surely ____ a satisfactory solution to the problem.(a) have found (b) will be finding (c) will have found (d) are finding [page]46. mr. wilsonn said that he did not want to ____ any further responsibilities.(a) take on (b)get on (c) put up (d) look up47. having no money but ____ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.(a) not to want anyone (c) wanted no one(b) not wanting anyone (d) to want no one48. we desire that the tour leader ____ us immediately of any change in plans.(a) inform (b) informs (c) informed (d) has informed49. not ____, the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to culture.(a) obviously (b) surprisingly (c) particularly (d) normally50. a man escaped from the prison last night. it was a long time ____ the guards discovered what had happened.(a) before (b) until (c) since (d) when51. in the experiment we kept a watchful eye ____ thedevelopments and recorded every detail.(a) in (b) at (c) for (d) on52. there's little chance that mankind would ____ a nuclear war.(a) retain (b) endure (c) maintain (d) survive53. nuclear science be developed to benefit the people ____ harm them.(a) more than (b) other than (c) rather than (d) better than54. they usually have less money at the end of the month than ____ at the beginning.(a) which is (b) which was (c) they have (d) it is55. in the course of a day students do far more than just ____ classes.(a) attend (b) attended (c) to attend (d) attending56. the french pianist who had been praised very highly ____ to be a great disappointment.(a) turned up (b)turned in (c) turned out (d) turned down57. many difficulties have ____ as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel.(a) risen (b) arisen (c) raised (d) arrived58. he made such a ____ contribution to the university that they are naming one of the new buildings after him.(a) genuine (b) minimum (c) modest (d) generous59. helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, of course, made the others jealous.(a) who (b) that (c) what (d) which60. in the advanced course students must take performance tests at monthly ____.(a) gaps (b) intervals (c) length (d) distance61. mr. johnson preferred ____ heavier work to do.(a) to be given (b) to be giving (c) to have given (d) having given62. i remember ____ to help us if we ever got into trouble.(a) once offering (b) him once offering (c) him to offer (d) to offer him63. we regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are ____.(a) out of work (b) out of stock (c) out of reach (d) out of practice64. our company decided to ____ the contract because a number of the conditions in it had not been met.(a) destroy (b) resist (c) assume (d) cancel65. she is ____ a musician than her brother.(a) much of (b) much as (c) more of (d) more as66. having been found guilty, the man was given a severe _____ by the judge.(a) service (b) sentence (c) crime (d) crisis67.____ is known to the world, mark twain is great american writer.(a) that (b) which (c) as (d) it68. the residents, ____ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the red cross.(a) all their homes (c)all of whose homes(b) all whose homes (d) all of their homes69. you can't afford to let the situation get worse. you must take ____ to put it right.(a) decisions (b) directions (c) sides (d) steps70. look at the terrible situation i am in! if only i ____ your advice.(a) follow (b) had followed (c) would follow (d) have followedpart iv cloze (15 minutes)many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. 71 a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the 72 in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take anexamination. the 73 student is considered to be 74 who is motivated (激光) to learn for the sake of 75 , not the one interested only in getting high grades. sometimes homework is returned 76 brief written comments but without a grade. even if a grade is not given, the student is 77 for learning the material assigned. when research is78 , the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with 79 guidance. it is the 80 responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. professors do not have the time to explain 81 a university library works; they expect students, 82 graduate students, to be able to exhaust the reference 83 in the library. professors will help students who need it, but 84 that their students should not be 85 dependent on them. in the united states professors have many other duties 86 teaching, such as administrative or research work. 87 , the time that a professor can spend with student outside of class is 88 . if a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either 89 a professor during office hour 90 make an appointment. [page]71. (a) if (b) although (c) because (d) since72. (a) suggestion (b) context (c) abstract (d) information73. (a) poor (b) ideal (c) average (d) disappointed74. (a) such (b) one (c) any (d) some75. (a) fun (b) work (c) learning d) prize76. (a) by (b) in (c) for (d) with77. (a) criticized (b) innocent (c) responsible (d) dismissed78. (a) collected (b) distributed (c) assigned (d) finished79. (a) maximum (b) minimum (c) possible (d) practical80. (a) student's (b) professor's (c) assistant's (d) librarian's81. (a) when (b) hat (c) why (d) how82. (a) particularly (b) essentially (c) obviously (d) rarely83. (a) selections (b) collections (c) sources (d) origins84. (a) hate (b)dislike (c) like (d) prefer85. (a) too (b)such (c) much (d) more86. (a) but (b)except (c) with (d) besides87. (a) however (b)therefore (c) furthermore (d) nevertheless88. (a) plentiful (b)limited (c) irregular (d) flexible89. (a) greet (b) annoy (c) approach (d) attach90. (a) or (b) and (c) to (d) butpart v writing (30 minutes)directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic my most favorite programme. you should write no less than 100 words and you should baseyour composition on the outline (given in chinese) below:1. 我最喜爱的电视（或无线电）节目是......2. 这类节目的内容和特点3. 我喜欢它的原因you can write the composition in one or more paragraphs. remember to write it neatly.93.6part i 1—20题1. c2. d3. c4. d5. b6. d7. b8. c9. a 10. a11. a 12. a 13. b 14. d 15. c 16. d 17. c 18. b 19. a 20. bpart ii——part iv 21——90题21. a 22. b 23. c 24. d 25. d 26. c 27. c 28. a 29. d 30. a31. d 32. b 33. b 34. a 35. b 36. c 37. b 38. c 39. a 40. d41. c 42. a 43. d 44. a 45. c 46. a 47. b 48. a 49. b 50. a51. d 52. d 53. c 54. c 55. a 56. c 57. b 58. d 59. d 60. b61. a 62. b 63. b 64. d 65. a 66. b 67. c 68. c 69. d 70. b71. a 72. d 73. b 74. b 75. c 76. d 77. c 78. c 79. b 80. a81. d 82. a 83. c 84. d 85. a 86. d 87. b 88. b 89. c 90. a1993年6月大学英语四级CET4真题及答案相关内容:。
1993年英语专业四级考试真题TEM4考试真题
1993年英语专业四级真题Part I Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B],[C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage ACalifornia is a land of variety and contrast. Almost every type of physical land feature, short of arctic ice fields and tropical jungles can be found within its borders. Sharply contrasting types of land often lie very close to one another.People living in Bakersfield, for instance, can visit the Pacific Ocean and the coastal plain, the fertile San Joaquin Valley, the arid Mojave Desert, and the high Sierra Nevada, all within a radius of about 100 miles. In other areas it is possible to go snow skiing in the morning and surfing in the evening of the same day, without having to travel long distances.Contrast abounds in California. The highest point in the United States (outside Alaska)is in California, and so is the lowest point (including Alaska).Mount Whitney, 14 494 feet above sea level, is separated from Death Valley,282 feet below sea level, by a distance of only 100 miles. The two areas have a difference in altitude of almost three miles.California has deep, clear mountain lakes like Lake Tahoe, the deepest in the country, but it also has shallow, salty desert lakes. It has Lake Tulainyo, 12 020 feet above sea level, and the lowest lake in the country, the Salton Sea, 236 feet below sea level. Some of its lakes, like Owens Lake in Death Valley, are not lakes at all; they are dried-up lakebeds.In addition to mountains, lakes, valleys, deserts, and plateaus, California has its Pacific coastline, stretching longer than the coastlines of Oregon and Washington combined.1.Which of the following is the lowest point in the United States?ke Tulainyo.B.Mojave Desert.C.Death Valley.D.The Salton Sea.2.Where is the highest point in the United States located?ke Tahoe.B.Sierra Nevada.C.Mount Whitney.D.Alaska.3.How far away is Death Valley from Mount Whitney?A.About 3 miles.B.Only 100 miles.C.282 feet.D.14 494 feet.4.Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as being within a radius of about 100 miles of Bakersfield?A.The Pacific Ocean.B.San Joaquin Valley.C.Mojave Desert.D.Oregon and Washington.5.Which statement best demonstrates that California is a land of variety and contrast?A.The highest lake in California is Lake Tulainyo.B.It is possible to go surfing and snow skiing in some parts of California without having to travel long distance.C.Sierra Nevada, San Joaquin Valley, Mojave Desert and the Pacific Ocean all lie within a radius of about 100 miles.D.Owens Lake, in Death Valley, is not really a lake at all.Passage BBy far the most common snake in Britain is the adder. In Scotland, in fact, there are no other snakes at all. The adder is also the only British snake with a poisonous bite. It can be found almost anywhere, but prefers sunny hillsides and rough open country, including high ground. In Ireland there are no snakes at all.Most people regard snakebites as a fatal misfortune, but not all bites are serious, and very few are fatal. Sometimes attempts at emergency treatment turn out to be more dangerous than the bite itself, with amateurs heroically, but mistakenly, trying do-it-yourself surgery and other unnecessary measures.All snakes have small teeth, so it follows that all snakes can bite, but only the bite of the adder presents any danger. British snakes are shy animals and are far more frightened of you than you could possibly be of them. The adder will attack only if it feels threatened, as can happen if you take it by surprise and step on it accidentally or if you try to catch it or pick it up, which it dislikes intensely. If it hears you coming, it will normally get out of the way as quickly as it can, but adders cannot move very rapidly and may attack before moving if you are very close.The effect of a bite varies considerably. It depends upon several things, one of which is the body-weight of the person bitten. The bigger the person, the less harmful the bite is likely to be, which is why children suffer far more seriously from snake bites than adults. A healthy person will also have better resistance against the poison.Very few people actually die from snakebites in Britain, and though these bites can make some people very ill, there are probably just as many cases of bites having little or no effect, as there are of serious illness.6.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.The adder is the only poisonous snake in Britain.B.In Scotland there are no other snakes except the adder.C.Snake bites seem more dangerous than they actually are.D.People’s attempts at emergency treatment are utterly unnecessary.7.Adders are most likely to be found _______.A.in wilder parts of Britain and IrelandB.in Scotland and nowhere elseC.on uncultivated land throughout BritainD.in shady fields in England8.We are told that British snakes are _____.A.afraid of human beingsB.poisonous including the adderC.dangerous except the adderD.friendly towards human beings9.When will the adder not attack you?A.When you try to catch it.B.When you are some distance away from it.C.When you happen to step on it.D.When you try to pick it up.10.If an adder hears you coming, it will usually ______.A.attack you immediatelyB.disappear very quicklyC.wait to frighten youD.move out of the way11.According to the passage, a snake bite is _______.A.more harmful to a healthy man than to a sick manB.less harmful to an adult than to a childC.more dangerous than any serious illnessD.always fatal in BritainPassage CConcern with money, and then more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modern life, has brought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen. More people are working than ever before in France. In the cities the traditional leisurely midday meal is disappearing. Offices, shops, and factories are discovering the greater efficiency of a short lunch hour in company lunchrooms. In almost all lines of work emphasis now falls on ever-increasing output. Thus the “typical” Frenchman produces mo re, earns more, and buys more consumer goods than his counterpart of only a generation ago. He gains in creature comforts and ease of life. What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal uniqueness, or individuality.Some say that France has been Americanized. This is because the United States is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumer products. The so-called Americanization of France has its critics. They fear that “assembly-line life” will le ad to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely (but less productive) old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, and the cultivation of the good things in life——to joy in the smell of a freshly picked apple, a stroll by the river, or just happy hours of conversation in a local cafe?Since the late 1950’s life in France has indeed taken on qualities of rush, tension, and the pursuit of material gain. Some of the strongest critics of the new way of life are the young, especially university students. They are concerned with the future, and they fear that France is threatened by the triumph of this competitive, goods-oriented culture. Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence.In spite of the critics, however, countless Frenchmen are committed to keeping France in the forefront of the modern economic world. They find that the present life brings more rewards, conveniences, and pleasures than that of the past. They believe that a modern, industrial France is preferable to the old.12.Which of the following is NOT given as a feature of the old French way of life?A.Leisure.B.Elegance.C.Efficiency.D.Taste.13.Which of the following is NOT related to the new French way of life?A.Shorter lunch hour.B.Greater output.C.Creature comforts.D.Leisurely cafe talk.14.Which of the following is NOT true about Frenchmen?A.Many of them prefer the modern life style.B.They actually enjoy working at the assembly line.C.They are more concerned with money than before.D.They are more competitive than the older generation.15.The passage suggests that ______.A.in pursuing material gains the French are suffering losses elsewhereB.it’s now unlikely to see a Frenchman enjoying a stroll by the riverC.the French are fed up with the smell of freshly picked applesD.great changes have occurred in the life style of all Frenchmen16.Which of the following is true about the critics?A.Critics are greater in number than people enjoying the new way of life.B.Student critics are greater in number than critics in other fields.C.Student critics have, on occasion, resorted to violent means against the trend.D.Critics are concerned solely with the present and not the future.17.Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?A.Changes in the French way of life.B.Criticism of the new life style.C.The Americanization of France.D.Features of the new way of life.Passage DUltralight(超轻型的) airplanes are a recent development in aviation that provide what aviation enthusiasts have long been seeking: an inexpensive airplane that is easy to fly. The ultralight plane was born of the marriage of the hang glider and the go-kart(微型单座竞赛车) engine around 1974, when John Moody mounted a 12 -horsepower go-kart engine on his Icarus H hang glider. Today’s ultralights are not just hang gliders with engines; they are“air recreation vehicles”. Modern ultralight planes use snowmobile(雪地机动车) engines that let them cruise at about 50 miles per hour , climb at about 500 feet per minute, and carry combined payloads of pilot and fuel up to about 200 pounds, which is about equal to an ultralight plane’s weight when empty. More than ten thousand ultralight planes were sold last year at prices ranging from $ 2 800 to $ 7000. But the main reason for the increasing popularity of these aircraft is not that they are inexpensive, but that they are fun to fly.The modern ultralight plane would look very familiar to the earliest pioneers of aviation. Otto Lilienthal made more than 2000 flights in Germany in the 1890’s in what were actually hanggliders. Octave Chanute designed and built many early hang glider s. Augustus Herring, Chanute’s assistant, used these gliders as models for a glider that he built for himself. On this glider, Herring installed a compressed-air motor and flew 267 feet in 1898. The Wright brothers’ Flyer was the grandfather of today’s ult ralight planes. The pilot sat right out in the open, just as in modern ultralights, and used controls that were much the same as those used in today’s machines. Though most ultralight planes are used for pleasure flying, some are also used for crop dusting, aerial photography, and even military observation service. The likelihood is that further uses will be found for ultralight planes, but their greatest use will continue to be as air recreational vehicles.18.The author seems to feel that ultralight airplanes are ______.A.a toy for the richB.nothing but hang glidersC.a new development that meets the needs of aviation enthusiastsD.the most important development in aviation since the Wright brothers’ Flyer19.According to the passage, today’s ultralight airplanes _______.A.are inexpensive but difficult to flyB.are more like go-karts than like hang glidersC.cannot climb as last or as high as hang glidersD.are not too different from the earlier aircraft20.The author compares John Moody’s use of a go-kart engine on a hang glider to _______.A.a marriageB.the flight of IcarusC.cruising in a snowmobileD.soaring and gliding from a high altitude21.Which of the following statements is an opinion?A.Ultralight planes use snowmobile engines that let them cruise at about 50 miles per hour.B.John Moody used a 12-horse-power engine to power his Icarus II hang glider.C.The use of ultralight planes will increase in such areas as crop dusting and aerial photography.D.Otto Lilienthal made more than 2000 flights in Germany in the 1890’s in what were actually hang gliders.22.The author finds great similarity between _______.A.the weight of the hang glider and that of the ultralight airplaneB.ultralight airplanes and military aircraftC.the inventiveness of John Moody and that of Octave ChanuteD.the controls used in the Wright brothers’Flyer and those used in today’s ultralight airplanes23.The best title for this passage is _______.A.The Flying SnowmobileB.The History of Recent AviationC.How the Ultralight Plane FliesD.The Ultralight Plane, a Recent DevelopmentPassage EAll Eskimos live most of their lives close to salt or fresh water. They may follow game inlandfor several hundred miles, but they always return to the shores of rivers, Lakes, or seas. Eskimo land has a bare look. Large rocks, pebbles, and sand cover much of the surface . Plants called lichen(地衣)grow right on rock. And where there is enough soil, even grass, flowers and small bushes manage to live. No trees can grow on Eskimo land, so geographers sometimes call this country the Arctic plains. Some animals, such as rabbits and caribou(北美驯鹿) ,eat the plants. Others, like the white fox and grey wolf, eat the rabbits and caribou. The Eskimo is a meat eater, too, and may even eat a wolf when food is scarce.The Eskimo year has two main parts: a long, cold winter and a short, cool summer. Spring and fall are almost too short to be noticed. Summer is the good time, when food is usually plentiful. But it is also the time when the Eskimos are very busy. Winter is never far away , and the men must bring home extra meat for the women to prepare and store. For seldom can enough animals be killed in winter to feed a family.The Far North is sometimes called the land of the midnight sun. This is true in the middle of summer, for between April 21st and August 21st the sun never sets in Northern Greenland. But in midwinter the Far North is a land with no sun shining at all. Around Oct. 21st the Eskimos of Northern Greenland see the sun setting straight south of them, and they don’t see it again until February 22nd. All places on earth get about the same amount of daylight during a year. As a result, if summer is lighter, winter has to be darker.Winter nights in the Far North are seldom pitch-black. As in the rest of the world, the stars and moon provide a little light. The northern lights also help the Eskimo to see. And with the ground covered with snow, even a little ligh t is reflected back to the Eskimo’s eyes.24.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Eskimos do not normally eat wolves.B.Eskimos like to chase one another.C.Eskimos depend heavily on water.D.Eskimos are meat-eaters.25.On Eskimo land ______.A.rabbits live on the plantsB.soil is rich and plentifulC.grass grows more easily than lichenD.lichen is found only on rock26.In the Eskimo year, _______.A.there are no spring and fallB.winter is cold and summer is hotC.summer is a time for growing foodD.winter comes early and goes late27.From the passage, we can infer all except that _______.A.Eskimos are more likely to eat wolves in summerB.Eskimo women are responsible for houseworkC.animal meat is Eskimos’ ma in source of foodD.hunting is an important part of Eskimo life28.In midwinter there is no sun shining in the Far North because _______.A.the Far North is too far away from the sunB.the sun is not seen again for six monthsC.the sun never sets in midsummerD.people see the sun setting straight south of them29.Winter nights are seldom pitch-black in the Far North because of _______.A.the moon and starsB.the northern lightsC.snow on the groundD.all of the above mentioned factors30.The best title for the passage is _______.A.Story of the EskimoB.Eskimo Land and ClimateC.The Bare Far NorthD.The Eskimo YearPassage FThe incident occurred one morning outside Albert Schweitzer’s hospital in the African jungle. A patient had gone fishing in another man’s boat. The owner of the boat thought he should be given all the fish that were caught. Dr. Schweitzer said to the boat owner.“You are right because the other man ought to have asked permission to use your boat. But you are wrong because you are careless and lazy. You merely twisted the chain of your canoe round a palm tree instead of fastening it with a padlock. Of laziness you are guilty because you were asleep in your hut on this moonlit night instead of making use of the good opportunity for fishing.”He turned to the patient: “But you were in the wrong when you took the boat without asking the owner’s permission. You were in the right because you were not so lazy as he was and you did not want to let the moonlit night go by without making some use of it.”Dr. Schweitzer divided the catch (捕获物) among the fisherman, the boat owner and the hospital.31.Dr. Schweitzer was able to settle the argument because ______.A.he was the judge thereB.he was clever and impartialC.he wanted some of the fishD.he wanted to help his patient32.The final judgment was that ______.A.all the fish should go to the patientB.the fish should go to the owner of the canoeC.the fish should be destroyedD.everyone involved should get a third of the fishPassage GThere are many commonly held beliefs about glasses and eyesight that are not proven facts. For instance, some people believe that wearing glasses too soon weakens the eyes. But there is no evidence to show that the structure of eyes is changed by wearing glasses at a young age. Wearing the wrong glasses, however, can prove harmful. Studies show that for adults there is no danger, but children can develop loss of vision if they have the wrong glasses.We have all heard some of the common myths about how eyesight gets bad. Most people believe that reading in dim light causes poor eyesight, but that is untrue. Too little light makes the eyes work harder, so they do get tired and strained. Eyestrain also results from reading a lot, reading in bed, and watching too much television. But, although eyestrain may cause some pain or headaches, it does not permanently damage eyesight.Another myth about eyes is that they can be replaced, or transferred from one person to another. There are close to one million nerve fibers that connect the eyeball to the brain, and it is impossible to attach them all in a new person. Only certain parts of the eye can be replaced. But if we keep clearing up the myths and learning more about the eyes, some day a full transplant may be possible.33.This passage is mostly concerned with ______.A.different types of glassesB.a visit to the eye doctorC.myths about eyesightD.eye transplant34.One cause of eyestrain mentioned in the passage is _______.A.wearing contact lenses too longB.reading a lotC.going to the moviesD.not visiting your eye doctorPart II V ocabulary (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the correspondeing letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.35.______ their policy can be changed the future for that country will be indeed bleak.A.Even ifB.UnlessC.Now thatD.As long as36.She said she would work it out herself, ______ ask me for help.A.and not toB.but notC.and prefer notD.rather than37.“I bought this shirt for 35 Yuan yesterday.”“It’s on sale today for only 29. You should have waited.”“Oh really? But how ______ I know?”A.wouldB.canC.didD.do38.They were pushed into battle ______.A.unpreparedB.unpreparedlyC.not preparing itD.without preparing it39.She asked that she ______ allowed to see her son in police custody.A.would beB.could beC.beD.was40.Mr. Anderson presided ______ the board meeting on behalf of the Chairman.A.atB.overC.onD.in41.The rising crime rate is ________ major concern of _______ society.A.the, theB.a , /C.a, theD./ , the42.I never regretted _______ offer, for it was not where my interest lay.A.not to acceptB.not having acceptedC.having not acceptedD.not accepting43.I _______ writing the paper as scheduled, but my mother’s illness interfered. I hope you will excuse me.A.am to have finishedB.was to have finishedC.was to finishD.ought to finish44.Some dieters find that after their dieting is over, they eat twice _______ they did before their diet.A.more thanB.as many asC.much thanD.as much as45.She may be ______ experience, but she learns quickly.ckingcking inC.in need forD.in lack of46.David Singer, my friend’s father, ______ raised and educated in New York, lived and lectured in Africa most of his life.A.whoB.ifC.whileD.though47.My Scottish friend says there is ______ monster in Loch Ness.A.no such thing asB.no such thing as aC.no such a thing asD.no such a thing as a48.The university authorities are seriously considering abandoning the traditional ______ class.A.fifty minutesB.fifty-minutesC.fifty-minuteD.fifty minute’s49._______ the snake in superstitious awe.A.Mankind has held longB.Long has held mankindC.Has mankind long heldD.Mankind has long held50.On the desert travellers often see ______ rivers and lakes.A.imaginingB.imaginativeC.imaginableD.imaginary51.Inside the apartment was an unpleasant smell of ______ air.A.staleB.smokedC.mistyD.wet52.The album might well have ______ had it been less expensive.A.worked outB.fallen throughC.caught onD.fitted in53.In order to be successful as an engineer, she had to become _______ at mathematics.A.proficientB.outstandingC.prominentD.experienced54.This move deprived the prisoner of his ______ of escape.A.waysB.possibilitiesC.plansD.means55.The house that we used to live in is in a very ______ state.A.neglectfulB.negligibleC.neglectedD.negligent56.The ticket taker at the football game tore the tickets ______.A.in halfB.by halfC.in halvesD.at half57.I wish, if possible,to avoid any ______ of my family.A.hintB.mentionC.cluement58.I'm afraid this painting is not by Qi Baishi. It's only a copy and so it's ______.A.worthlessB.invaluableC.unworthyD.priceless59.When her parents died, Brenda ______ of the house and all its contents.A.discardedB.dispelledC.disposedD.discharged60.The plans for the building were _______ a few months ago.A.drawn onB.drawn backC.drawn outD.drawn up61.We were filled with _______ about flying in such bad weather.A.troublesB.obscurityC.ignoranceD.misgivings62.We are all astonished to learn that the apparently________ professor was really a spy.A.respectfulB.respectiveC.respectableD.respected63.It is important that the schedule be not too ______ to allow for relaxation and hobbies.A.loadedB.crowdedC.filledD.squeezed64.The millionaire in the story had a(n)______ habit of sleeping with his sack of money laid beside him in place of a wife.A.economicB.miserlyC.disgustedD.playfulPart III Cloze (30 minutes)Direction: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are our choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D] below the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.To find out what the weather is going to be, most people go straight to the radio, television or newspaper to get an expert weather forecast. But (31) ___you know what to look for, you can use your own (32)___ to make weather predictions.There are many (33)___ which can help you. For example,in fair weather the air pressure is generally (34)___. The air is still and often full of dust. Faraway objects may look (35)___.But when a storm is gathering, the pressure (36)___and you are often able to see things more clearly. Sailors took note of this long ago and came (37)___ with a saying“The farther the sight, the nearer the rain.”Your sense of (38)___ can also help you detect weather changes. Just (39) ___ it rains, odours become stronger. This is (40)___ odours are suppressed in a fair, high pressure centre. When a bad weather low(低气压区)moves in, air pressure lessens and odours are (41)___.You can also hear an approaching storm. Sounds bounce off heavy storm clouds and return to earth with (42)___. An old saying describes it this way:“Sound travelling far and wide, a stormy day will betide (发生).”And don't laugh if your grandmother says she can (43)___ a storm coming. It is commonly known that many people feel pains in their bones when the humidity (44)___, the pressure drops, and bad weather is on the (45)___.65. A.if B.unless C.though D.as66. A.experiences B.senses C.feelings D.ways67. A.forms B.signals C.signs D.expressions68. A.high B.low C.strong D.weak69. A.big B.small C.clear D.misty70. A.rises B.drops C.increases D.descends71. A.up B.over C.upon D.on72. A.touch B.taste C.smell D.sight73. A.when B.as C.after D.before74. A.why B.because C.how D.when75. A.released B.controlled C.chocked D.mused76. A.power B.force C.strength D.vigour77. A.see B.hear C.feel D.tell78. A.falls B.grows C.drops D.rises79. A.way B.road C.march D.move。
1993年大学英语四级试题及参考答案（1月）（2）
Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.With fifteen years Britain and other nations should be well on with the building of huge industrial complexes for the recycling of waste. The word rubbish could lose its meaning because everything which goes into the dumps (垃圾堆) would be made into something useful. Even the most dangerous and unpleasant wastes would provide energy if nothing else.The latest project is to take a city of around half a million inhabitants and discover exactly what raw materials go into it and what go out. The aim is to find out how much of these raw materials could be provided if a plant for recycling waste were built just outside the city. This plant would recycle not only metal such as steel, lead and copper, but also paper and rubber as well.Another new project is being set up to discover the best ways of sorting and separating the rubbish. When this project is complete, the rubbish will be processed like this: First, it will pass through sharp metal bas which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed; then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest elements from the heavy solids; after that grounders and rollers will break up everything that can be broken. Finally, the rubbish will pass under magnets (磁铁) , which will remove the bits of iron and steel; the rubber and plastic will then be sorted out in the final stage. The first full-scale giant recycling plants are perhaps fifteen years away. Indeed, with the growing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dumps, some big cities will be forced to build their own recycling plants before long.21. The phrase "be well on with ..." (Para.1, Line 1) most probably means _____.(A) have completed what was started (C) have achieved a great deal in(B) get ready to start (D) put an end to22. What is NOT mentioned as a part of the recycling process described in Paragraph 3?(A) Breaking up whatever is breakable.(B) Sharpening metal bars.(C) Separating light elements from the heavy ones.(D) Sorting out small pieces of metal.23. What's the main reason for big cities to build their own recycling plants?(A) To deal with wastes in better way.(B) To protect the environment from pollution.(C) To get raw materials locally.(D) To get big profits from those plants.24. The first full-scale huge recycling plants ______.(A) began to operate fifteen years ago(B) will probably take less than fifteen years to build(C) will be built fifteen years later(D) will probably be in operation in fifteen years25. The passage is mainly about ______.(A) a cheap way to get energy (C) new ways of recycling wastes(B) the location of recycling plants (D) the probably of city environmentPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:By 1970, according to a World Wildlife Fund report, only about 4,500 tigers survived throughout the world-half of them in India. Mr. Foresters, who followed and counted tiger footprints, estimated that in May 1972 only about 1,800 tigers existed in India. Project Tiger Supported by W.W.F. was immediately launched. Nine tiger reserves were created, with armed guards protecting them.The project provided opportunities for researchers from India and abroad to study tigers in the reserves and gather previously unavailable information about their habits. Studies show that a male tiger may control a hunting territory of between 10 and 20 sq. kms. depending on its age, size and strength. The territory of male includes the smaller territories of three or four tigressess. A tiger marks the boundaries of its territories by spraying urine (尿) and other bodily liquids on bushes. But it tries to avoid territorial fights, being guided by the distinctive body smell of other tigers. Tigers fight to death only when a tigress is defending her young, or when a tiger is guarding a tigress from the attentions of other males.The popular image of the tiger is that of a merciless and unconquerable hunter. But studies show that it catches only one of 20 victims (牺牲品) it tries to attack.Fears have recently developed that Project Tiger has been too successful. It has enabled the tiger population to double (by mid-80 S), but India's human population has also grown out of control. Currently it is 750 million and likely to be 900 million by the end of the century. Land problem is becoming serious and many rural people feel bitter about the fact that some rich forests are reserved for tigers. A growing number of attacks by tigers on man has added to the hostility (敌意).26. The ultimate aim of Project Tiger is to _____.(A) study the growth rate of tigers (C) promote the breeding of young tigers(B) protect tigers from being killed (D) analyze the behavioral patterns of tigers27. Studies have shown that ______.(A) a tigress never attacks until attacked(B) the tigress is not as fierce as the tigers(C) a tiger usually fights another tiger to defend its own territory(D) the tiger is not an efficient hunter as is commonly described28. According to the passage, a tiger's territory _____.(A) remains unchanged (C) expands as the tiger grows up(B) is often defended by tigresses (D) is the cause of most fights29. Some people are afraid that Project Tiger _____.(A) has been carried too far (C) has failed to achieve its goal(B) has not received enough attention (D) is not worth the money spent on it30. The author seems _____.(A) to be enthusiastic about Project Tiger(B) to have a matter-of-fact attitude towards Project Tiger(C) to have a hostile attitude towards Project Tiger(D) to be satisfied with Project TigerPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.In only two decades Asian Americans have become the fastest-growing U.S. minority (少数民族). As their children began moving up through the nation's schools, it became clear that a new class of academic achievers was emerging. Their achievements are reflected in the nation's best universities, where mathematics, science and engineering departments have taken on a decidedly Asian character. This special liking for mathematics and science is partly explained by the fact thatAsian-American students who began their educations abroad arrived in the U.S. with a solid grounding in mathematics but little or no knowledge of English. They are also influenced by the promise of a good job after college. Asians feel there will be less unfair treatment in areas like mathematics and science because they will be judged more objectively. And the return on the investment in education is more immediate in something like engineering than with an arts degree.Most Asian-American students owe their success to the influence of parents who are determined that their children take full advantage of what the American educational system has to offer. An effective measure of parental attention is homework. Asian parents spend more time with their children than American parents do, and it helps. Many researchers also believe there is something in Asian Culture that breeds success, such ideals that stress family values and emphasize education. Both explanations for academic success worry Asian Americans because of fears that they feed a typical racial (种族的) image. Many can remember when Chinese, Japanese and Filipino immigrants (移民) were the victims of social isolation. Indeed, it was not until 1952 that laws were laid down giving all Asian immigrants the right to citizenship.31. While making tremendous achievements at college, Asian-American students ______.(A) feel they are mistreated because of limited knowledge of English(B) are afraid that their academic successes bear a strong Asian character(C) still worry about unfair treatment in society(D) generally feel it a shame to have to depend on their parents32. What are the major factors that determine the success of Asian Americans?(A) A solid foundation in basic mathematics and Asian Americans?(B) Hard work and intelligence.(C) Parental help and a limited knowledge of English.(D) Asian culture and the American educational system.33. Few Asian-American students major in human sciences mainly because ______.(A) their English is not good enough(B) they are afraid they might meet with unfair judgement in these areas(C) there is a wide difference between Asian and Western cultures(D) they know little about American cultures and Western cultures34. Why do the two "explanations" (Para. 3, Line 1) worry Asian Americans?(A) They are afraid that they would again be isolated from American society in general.(B) People would think that Asian students rely on their parents for success.(C) Asian American would be a threat to other minorities.(D) American academic achievements have taken on too strong an Asian character.35. The author's tone in this passage is _____.(A) sympathetic (B) doubtful (C) critical (D) objective。
丁树杞《大学俄语(4)(东方老版)》学习指南-yрок 12【圣才出品】
yрок12一、词汇短语адрес[阳]地址，住址，通讯处【变格】-а，复-аточный【搭配】точный ~确切的姓名住址，详细地址постоянный ~永久通讯处временный ~临时通讯处【例句】Адресподсказалдежурный.地址是值班员告诉的。
безрезультатный[形]无结果的，无效果的【变化】-тен, -тна【搭配】~ спор无结果的争论~ опыт无成效的实验~ыеусилия白费劲беспокойный[形]使人操心的，麻烦的；使人担心的，使人提心吊胆的【变化】-оен, -ойна【搭配】~аяработа麻烦的工作~аяслужба操心的职务~ ребёнок烦扰人的孩子【例句】Онвошёлвкомнатубеспокойныйичем-товстревоженный.他走进屋里，不知因什么事而感到惊慌不安。
болото[中]沼泽，沼地【变格】-а【搭配】лесное ~森林里的沼泽地торфяное ~产泥煤的沼地【例句】Плохоеобществозасасываеткакболото. 同坏人交往犹如站在沼地上，随时能使人沉陷进去。
бородатый[形]留胡子的【搭配】~ старик有胡子的老头儿~ козёл有胡子的山羊【例句】Старшинасплавщиков-красномордый, бородатыймужик.木材流放工的领工是个红脸膛、大胡子的男人。
вера[阴]信心，信念【接格】вкого-что【搭配】~ всвоисилы相信自己的力量~ впобеду坚信胜利【例句】Мыполнытвёрдойверывправотунашегодела. 我们坚信我们的事业是正义的。
геолог[阳]地质学家；地质工作者【变格】-а【例句】Геологзаметилвгорекакой-тоблестящийпредмет.地质工作者在山中发现了一个闪光的东西。
1993年12月四级试题及答案2
Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. Suppose we built a robot (机器⼈) to explore the planet Mars. We provide the robot with seeing detectors to keep it away from danger. It is powered entirely by the sun. Should we program the robot to be equally active at all times? No. The robot would be using up energy at a time when it was not receiving any. So we would probably program it to cease its activity at night and to wake up at dawn the next morning. According to the evolutionary (进化的) theory of sleep, evolution equipped us with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking for the same reason. The theory does not deny (否认) that sleep provides some important restorative functions. It merely says that evolution has programmed us to perform those functions at a time when activity would be inefficient and possibly dangerous. However, sleep protects us only from the sort of trouble we might walk into; it does not protect us from trouble that comes looking for us. So we sleep well when we are in familiar, safe place, but we sleep lightly, if at all, when we fear that bears will nose into the tent. The evolutionary theory accounts well for differences in sleep among creatures. Why do cats, for instance, sleep so much, while horses sleep so little? Surely cats do not need five times as much repair and restoration as horses do. But cats can afford to have long periods of inactivity because they spend little time eating and are unlikely to be attacked while they sleep. Horses must spend almost all their waking hours eating, because what they eat is very low in energy value. Moreover, they cannot afford to sleep too long or too deeply, because their survival depends on their ability to run away from attackers. 21. The author uses the example of the robot in space exploration to tell us ______. (A) the differences between robots and men (C) about the need for robots to save power (B) the reason why men need to sleep (D) about the danger of men working at night 22. Evolution has programmed man to sleep at night chiefly to help him ______. (A) maintain a regular pattern of life (C) avoid danger and inefficient labor (B) prevent trouble that comes looking for him (D) restore his bodily functions 23.According to the author, we cannot sleep well when we _____. (A) are worrying about our safety (C) are in a tent (B) are overworked (D) are away from home 24.Cats sleep much more than horses do partly because cats _____. (A) need more time for restoration (B) are unlikely to be attackers (C) are more active than horses when they are awake (D) spend less time eating to get enough energy 25.Which of the following is the main idea of the passage? ______. (A) Evolution has equipped all creatures with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking. (B) The study of sleep is an important part of the evolutionary theory. (C) Sleeping patterns must be taken into consideration in the designing of robots. (D) The sleeping pattern of a living creature is determined by the food it eats。
俄语等级考试题目及答案
俄语等级考试题目及答案1. 请将下列俄语单词翻译成中文，并给出相应的动词变位形式。
- читать (读)- писать (写)- говорить (说)答案：- читать - 读；читаю, читаешь,читает, читаем, читаете, читают- писать - 写；пишу, пишешь, пишет, пишем, пишете, пишут- говорить - 说；говорю, говоришь, говорит, говорим, говорите,говорят2. 阅读下列短文，并回答以下问题。
“Вчера я пошёл в библиотеку. Я взял там несколько книг ипрочитал их дома. Утром я вернул их обратно.”(1) Где был автор вчера?(2) Что он сделал в библиотеке?(3) Куда он вернул книги утром?答案：(1) Автор был в библиотеке вчера.(2) Он взял несколько книг вбиблиотеке.(3) Он вернул книги обратно в библиотеку утром.3. 请根据所给的俄语句子，写出对应的英语句子。
- Моя сестра любит играть втеннис.- Мы часто ходим в кино.答案：- My sister likes to play tennis.- We often go to the cinema.4. 将下列句子从俄语翻译成中文。
- Я всегда любил русскуюлитературу.- Вчера вечером мы с друзьями посетили музей.答案：- 我一直喜欢俄罗斯文学。
1993年1月大学英语四级CET4真题及答案
1993年1月大学英语四级CET4真题及答案1993年1月大学英语四级CET4真题及答案1993年1月大学英语四级CET4真题及答案part i listening comprehension (20 minutes)section a1. (a) go over the list. (c) list everything her friend needs.(b) do some shopping. (d) go for an outing.2. (a) the man did most of the talking.(b) the man and the woman robbed the bank.(c) the woman was wearing a black sweater.(d) the man and the woman had dark hair.3. (a) the traffic. (c) their health.(b) the weather. (d) their time-table.4. (a) john missed a test. (c) john has stolen a car.(b) john has kept his job. (d) john was called a thief.5. (a) to buy frank a new car. (c) to help frank sell his car.(b) to drive frank's car. (d) to help frank repair his car.6. (a) english. (c) education.(b) english and education. (d) neither english noreducation.7. (a) as big as she expected. (c) not as big as she expected.(b) much bigger than she expected. (d) so small that she is not satisfied.8. (a) the rent is too high. (c) he doesn't want to live in the suburbs.(b) he can't afford the high taxes. (d) it's too far away from his office.9. (a) no. he has to finish his homework. (c) yes. he'll go after he finished his homework.(b) no. he doesn't like going to the club. (d) yes. he'll write his paper after he returns.10. (a) because maria doesn't like football. (c) because he didn't have the time.(b) because maria fell ill. (d) because he can't stand football.section bpassage onequestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. (a) his friend bought them for him. (c) he booked themquite a while ago.(b) he bought them himself. (d) he got them free of charge.12. (a) her husband was taking her out to the theater.(b) her husband had got her a job in his office.(c) her husband was going to buy her some nice gifts.(d) her husband had found his lost money.13. (a) he had lost the tickets for the theater. (c) he had left his briefcase at home.(b) he had lost his briefcase. (d) he had left the ticket in the office.passage twoquestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. (a) lack of electricity. (c) lack of clean water.(b) shortage of books. (d) shortage of experts.15. (a) a system which trains doctors.(b) a group of experts who can provide professional advice.(c) a computer program which can provide professional advice.(d) a system which trains computer experts.16. (a) it is not easy to see the shortage of experts in the villages.(b) many doctors and engineers are sent to the villages to make up for the shortage of experts.(c) expert medical systems are widely used in developing countries.(d) expert systems are owned by wealthy farmers and businessmen.passage threequestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. (a) to learn spanish. (c) to see the ancient art.(b) to tour the city. (d) to visit friends.18. (a) by taxi. (c) by subway.(b) by bus. (d) by foot.19. (a) he got lost. (c) he lost his map.(b) a taxi was faster. (d) the policeman advised him to.1. (a) he was greatly disappointed.(b) he was pleased to get there finally.(c) he was pleased with his knowledge of spanish.(d) he was at a loss about what to do. part ii reading comprehension (35 minutes)passage onequestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.with fifteen years britain and other nations should be well on with the building of huge industrial complexes for the recycling of waste. the word rubbish could lose its meaning because everything which goes into the dumps (垃圾堆) would be made into something useful. even the most dangerous and unpleasant wastes would provide energy if nothing else.the latest project is to take a city of around half a million inhabitants and discover exactly what raw materials go into it and what go out. the aim is to find out how much of these raw materials could be provided if a plant for recycling waste were built just outside the city. this plant would recycle not only metal such as steel, lead and copper, but also paper and rubber as well.another new project is being set up to discover the best ways of sorting and separating the rubbish. when this project is complete, the rubbish will be processed like this: first, it will pass through sharp metal bas which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed; then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest elements from the heavy solids; after that grounders and rollers will break upeverything that can be broken. finally, the rubbish will pass under magnets (磁铁) , which will remove the bits of iron and steel; the rubber and plastic will then be sorted out in the final stage. [page]the first full-scale giant recycling plants are perhaps fifteen years away. indeed, with the growing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dumps, some big cities will be forced to build their own recycling plants before long.21. the phrase "be well on with ..." (para.1, line 1) most probably means _____.(a) have completed what was started (c) have achieved a great deal in(b) get ready to start (d) put an end to22. what is not mentioned as a part of the recycling process described in paragraph 3?(a) breaking up whatever is breakable.(b) sharpening metal bars.(c) separating light elements from the heavy ones.(d) sorting out small pieces of metal.23. what's the main reason for big cities to build their own recycling plants?(a) to deal with wastes in better way.(b) to protect the environment from pollution.(c) to get raw materials locally.(d) to get big profits from those plants.24. the first full-scale huge recycling plants ______.(a) began to operate fifteen years ago(b) will probably take less than fifteen years to build(c) will be built fifteen years later(d) will probably be in operation in fifteen years25. the passage is mainly about ______.(a) a cheap way to get energy (c) new ways of recycling wastes(b) the location of recycling plants (d) the probably of city environmentpassage twoquestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:by 1970, according to a world wildlife fund report, only about 4,500 tigers survived throughout the world-half of them in india. mr. foresters, who followed and counted tiger footprints, estimated that in may 1972 only about 1,800 tigers existed in india. project tiger supported by w.w.f. was immediately launched. nine tiger reserves were created, with armed guards protecting them.the project provided opportunities for researchers from india and abroad to study tigers in the reserves and gather previously unavailable information about their habits. studies show that a male tiger may control a hunting territory of between 10 and 20 sq. kms. depending on its age, size and strength. the territory of male includes the smaller territories of three or four tigressess. a tiger marks the boundaries of its territories by spraying urine (尿) and other bodily liquids on bushes. but it tries to avoid territorial fights, being guided by the distinctive body smell of other tigers. tigers fight to death only when a tigress is defending her young, or when a tiger is guarding a tigress from the attentions of other males.the popular image of the tiger is that of a merciless and unconquerable hunter. but studies show that it catches only one of 20 victims (牺牲品) it tries to attack.fears have recently developed that project tiger has been too successful. it has enabled the tiger population to double (by mid-80 s), but india's human population has also grown out of control. currently it is 750 million and likely to be 900 million by the end of the century. land problem is becoming serious and many rural people feel bitter about the fact that some rich forests are reserved for tigers. a growing number ofattacks by tigers on man has added to the hostility (敌意).26. the ultimate aim of project tiger is to _____.(a) study the growth rate of tigers (c) promote the breeding of young tigers(b) protect tigers from being killed (d) analyze the behavioral patterns of tigers27. studies have shown that ______.(a) a tigress never attacks until attacked(b) the tigress is not as fierce as the tigers(c) a tiger usually fights another tiger to defend its own territory(d) the tiger is not an efficient hunter as is commonly described28. according to the passage, a tiger's territory _____.(a) remains unchanged (c) expands as the tiger grows up(b) is often defended by tigresses (d) is the cause of most fights29. some people are afraid that project tiger _____.(a) has been carried too far (c) has failed to achieve its goal(b) has not received enough attention (d) is not worth the money spent on it [page]30. the author seems _____.(a) to be enthusiastic about project tiger(b) to have a matter-of-fact attitude towards project tiger(c) to have a hostile attitude towards project tiger(d) to be satisfied with project tigerpassage threequestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.in only two decades asian americans have become the fastest-growing u.s. minority (少数民族). as their children began moving up through the nation's schools, it became clear that a new class of academic achievers was emerging. their achievements are reflected in the nation's best universities, where mathematics, science and engineering departments have taken on a decidedly asian character. this special liking for mathematics and science is partly explained by the fact that asian-american students who began their educations abroad arrived in the u.s. with a solid grounding in mathematics but little or no knowledge of english. they are also influenced by the promise of a good job after college. asians feel there will be less unfair treatment in areas like mathematics and science because they will be judged more objectively. and the return on the investment in education is more immediate in something like engineering than with anarts degree.most asian-american students owe their success to the influence of parents who are determined that their children take full advantage of what the american educational system has to offer. an effective measure of parental attention is homework. asian parents spend more time with their children than american parents do, and it helps. many researchers also believe there is something in asian culture that breeds success, such ideals that stress family values and emphasize education.both explanations for academic success worry asian americans because of fears that they feed a typical racial (种族的) image. many can remember when chinese, japanese and filipino immigrants (移民) were the victims of social isolation. indeed, it was not until 1952 that laws were laid down giving all asian immigrants the right to citizenship.31. while making tremendous achievements at college, asian-american students ______.(a) feel they are mistreated because of limited knowledge of english(b) are afraid that their academic successes bear a strong asian character(c) still worry about unfair treatment in society(d) generally feel it a shame to have to depend on their parents32. what are the major factors that determine the success of asian americans?(a) a solid foundation in basic mathematics and asian americans?(b) hard work and intelligence.(c) parental help and a limited knowledge of english.(d) asian culture and the american educational system.33. few asian-american students major in human sciences mainly because ______.(a) their english is not good enough(b) they are afraid they might meet with unfair judgement in these areas(c) there is a wide difference between asian and western cultures(d) they know little about american cultures and western cultures34. why do the two "explanations" (para. 3, line 1) worry asian americans?(a) they are afraid that they would again be isolated from american society in general.(b) people would think that asian students rely on their parents for success.(c) asian american would be a threat to other minorities.(d) american academic achievements have taken on too strong an asian character.35. the author's tone in this passage is _____.(a) sympathetic (b) doubtful (c) critical (d) objectivepassage fourquestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.like fine food, good writing is something we approach with pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to the last. and good writers, good cooks, do not suddenly appear full-blown. quite the contrary, just as the cook has to undergo an intensive training, mastering the skills of his trade, the writer must sit at his desk and devote long hours to achieving a style in his writing, whatever its purpose-schoolwork, matters of business, or purely social communication. you may be sure that the more painstaking the effort, the more effective the writing, and the more rewarding. [page]there are still some remote places in the world where you might find a public scribe to do your business or social writing for you, for a fee. there are a few managers who are luckyenough to have the service of that rate kind of secretary who can take care of all sorts of letter writing with no more than a quick note to work from. but for most of us, if there is any writing to be done, we have to do it ourselves.we have to write school papers, business papers or home papers. we are constantly called on to put words to paper. it would be difficult to count the number of such words, messages, letters, and reports put into the mails or delivered by hand, but the daily figure must be enormous. what is more, everyone who writes expects, or at least hopes. we want whatever we write to be read, from first word to last, not just thrown into some "letters-to-be-read" file (档案) or into a wastepaper basket. this is the reason we bend our efforts toward learning and practicing the skill of interesting, effective writing.36. in this passage, good writing is compared to fine food because _____.(a) both writers and cooks have to work long hours every day(b) both are essential to life(c) both writers and cooks can earn a good living(d) both are enjoyable37. a public "scribe" (para 2, line 1) is _____.(a) a secretary who does your business or social writing(b) a machine that does writing for you(c) a public school where writing is taught(d) a person who ears a living by writing for others38. according to the passage, some managers don't have to do any letter writing because _____.(a) they rely on quick notes (c) they have a computer to do it(b) they have excellent secretaries (d) they prefer making phone calls39. according to the author, if your letter is thrown into some "letter-to-be-read" file, ______.(a) it will receive immediate attention (c) it is likely to be neglected(b) it will be dealt with by the secretary (d) it is meant to be delivered soon40. the purpose of the author in writing this passage is _____.(a) to explain and persuade (c) to interest and entertain(b) to comment and criticize (d) to argue and demonstratepart iii vocabulary and structure (20 minutes)41. if you smoke in a non-smoking section people _____.(a) have objected (b) objected (c) must object (d) will object42. there was a _____ drop in support for the union in the 1974 election.(a) delicate (b) distinct (c) distant (d) downward43. the computer works very fast, _____ data at the speed of light.(a) having handled (b) handing (c) handled (d) hands44. through out his life, henry moore _____ an interest in encouraging art in the city of leeds.(a) contained (b) secured (c) reserved (d) maintained45. they claim that _____ 1,000 factories closed down during the economic crisis.(a) sufficiently (b) approximately (c) considerably (d) properly46. if you happen to _____ my lost papers while you're looking for your book, please let me know at once by telephone.(a) come across (b) come up (c) come to (d) properly47. her fluency in english gives her an advantage _____ other girls for the job.(a) above (b) over (c) than (d) with48. it is _____ impossible to find a good educational computer program in this part of the country.(a) barely (b) hardly (c) merely (d) nearly49. what he told us about the affair simply doesn't make any _____.(a) sense (b) idea (c) meaning (d) significance50. as a mother, she is too _____ towards her daughter, she should let her see more of the world.(a) hopeful (b) protective (c) modest (d) confident51. "doesn't he know that it is not _____?" "yes, he does."(a) truth (b) some truth (c) the truth (d) any truth52. that tree looked as if it _____ for a long time.(a) hasn't watered (b) didn't water (c) hadn't been watered(d) wasn't watered53. hitler set out to conquer all of europe in the belief that the germans were the master _____.(a) race (b) human (c) blood (d) brains54. ever since picasso's painting went on exhibit, there _____ large crowds at the museum every day. [page](a) is (b) has been (c) have been (d) are being55. don't forget to walk the dog while i am away, _____.(a) can you (b) shall you (c) do you (d) will you56. it is a pity that we should stay at home when we have ______ weather.(a) so fine (b) such a fine (c) such fine (d) so fine a57. there were beautiful clothes _____ in the shop windows.(a) spread (b) displayed (c) exposed (d) located58. mr. smith advised us to withdraw ______.(a) so that to get not involved (c) so as not to get involved(b) so as to get not involved (d) so that not to get involved59. _____ in a seemingly endless war, the general was forced to evaluate the situation again.(a) since the loss of 50,000 soldiers (c) having lost over 50,000 soldiers(b) because of 50,000 soldiers having lost (d) 50,000 soldiers were lost60. knowing something as a whole is far from knowing all its _____.(a) instance (b) character (c) items (d) details61. ____ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now.(a) had it not been (b) it were not (c) weren't it (d) had not it been62. the minister had his secretaries ____ a press conference.(a) arrange (b) to arrange (c) arranging (d) arranged63. she left the reception early because she ____ get up early the next morning.(a) needed (b) might (c) used to (d) had to64. let's not wait any longer, he might not ____ at all.(a) turn over (b) turn up (c) used to (d) turn down65. anne couldn't concentrate ____ what she was doing while her family were watching tv.(a) to (b) on (c) for (d) in66. my wife said in her letter that she would appreciate ____ from you sometime.(a) to have heard (b) to hear (c) having heard (d) hearing67.____ men have learned much from the behavior of animals in badly new.(a) that (b) those (c) what (d) whether68. it's necessary ____ the dictionary immediately.(a) that he will return (c) that he return(b) that he returned (d) that he has to return69. franklin's ability to learn from observations and experience ____ greatly to his success inpublic life.(a) contributed (b) owed (c) attached (d) related70. the manager assured the customer that his complaint would be seen ____ immediately.(a) to (b) at (c) on (d) withpart iv cloze (15 minutes)customs officers at a london airport yesterday found 500,000 pounds worth of drugs which were being smuggled (走私) into britain in boxes marked "urgent medical supplies." the 71 might have suspected for some time 72 drugs were being brought into the country in this way. the 73 is believed to be the work of a 74 international group. four men were arrested at 75 airport and help for questioning, 76 it is unlikely that they are the organizers. in 77 they declared that they were 78 of what the boxes contained and 79 acted in good faith in bringing 80 into britain. this is the third time 81 six months that attempts have been made to smuggle 82 goods through customs by declaring them to 83 medical supplies. they are frequently 84 in special containers and a 85 is given that they may be 86 if they are not handled with care. " 87 are determined to put a 88 to this practice, " said one of the customs officers today. " 89 is no way these people are goingto get away 90 this any longer. we have the full co-operation of the international police who are as anxious as we are to track down the main source of supply."71. (a) authorities (b) commanders (c) leaders (d) directors72. (a) what (b) that (c) although (d) when73. (a) operation (b) behavior (c) movement (d) development74. (a) well-constructed (b) well-designed (c) well-composed (d) well-organized75. (a) an (b) some (c) the (d) one76. (a) but (b) so (c) because (d) as77. (a) turn (b) return (c) case (d) fact78. (a) unconscious (b) unaware (c) unfamiliar (d) unknown79. (a) were (b) had (c) have (d) being80. (a) all (b) it (c) them (d) such81. (a) of (b) for (c) by (d) in82. (a) immoral (b) criminal (c) illegal (d) irregular83. (a) get (b) be (c) become (d) sell84. (a) parked (b) picked (c) passed (d) packed [page]85. (a) warning (b) note (c) symbol (d) signature86. (a) harmed (b) injured (c) damaged (d) hurt87. (a) some (b) we (c) they (d) those88. (a) stop (b) hold (c) stay (d) step89. (a) it (b) this (c) there (d) that90. (a) off (b) in (c) for (d) withpart v writing (30 minutes)directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic positiveand negative aspects of sport. you should write no less than 100 words and youshould base your composition on the outline (given in chinese) below:1. 运动的积极因素；2. 运动的消极因素；3. 你的体会93.1part i 1—20 题1. c2. a3. d4. c5. c6. a7. a8. d9. a 10. d11. d 12. c 13. a 14. a 15. b 16. c 17. c 18. b 19. b 20. dpart ii——part iv 21——90 题21. b 22. b 23. a 24. c 25. c 26. b 27. d 28. c 29. a 30. b31. c 32. d 33. b 34. a 35. d 36. d 37. d 38. b 39. c 40. a41. d 42. b 43. b 44. d 45. b 46. a 47. b 48. d 49. a 50. b51. c 52. c 53. a 54. c 55. d 56. c 57. b 58. c 59. c 60. d61. a 62. a 63. d 64. b 65. b 66. d 67. a 68. c 69. a 70. a 71. a 72. b 73. a 74. d 75. c 76. a 77. d 78. b 79. b 80. c 81. d 82. c 83. b 84. d 85. a 86. c 87. b 88. a 89. c 90. d 1993年1月大学英语四级CET4真题及答案相关内容:。
大学俄语四级词汇精解(1)资料讲解
III. 常用固定词组а то и[递进连接词] 连接比前一个成分在数量上更大，在活动能力上更强或者在质量上更好的同等句子成分[语境] Ониуезжают на месяц, а то и больше. 他们要去一个月，也许时间更长一些。
более (больше) чем[作副词用] 强调某物数量大，超过……[语境] Наша торговля ведётся более чем со ста странами. 我国与一百多个国家进行贸易。
в аспектечего从……角度（看）[语境] Данную проблему нужно рассматривать в историческом аспекте. 应该从历史的角度看待这个问题。
Антон умеет изложить своюидею в аспекте гносеологии. 安东善于从认识论的角度来阐明自己的思想。
в виде чего用来指出与某物相似的具体事物，“像……一样，形似……”。
[语境] Посредизала были поставлены столыв виде буквы П. 在大厅正中，桌子被摆成字母П形。
На площади стоял памятник в виде пирамиды. 广场上耸立着一座形似金字塔的纪念碑。
в какой-то мере[作副词用] 在一定程度上，多多少少。
[语境] О характере и увлечениях человека в какой-то мере говорит егожилище. 一个人的住所在一定程度上说明他的性格和情趣。
в качестве кого-чего作为……，用作……。
[语境] Онаприсутствовала на судев качестве свидетеля. 她是作为证人出庭的。
Скалы использованы здесь в качестве фундамента. 岩石在这里被用来做地基。
俄语专业四级考试1996——2004真题解析
【真题详解2001】显示答案11. 预期一次性发生并达到结果的行为要用完成体；“见面”要用带-ся动词，选B12. 句中的через час, будет表明动词应用将来时，选B13. можешь后面要求用动词不定式；这是要达到结果的一次性行为，用完成体，选D14. вчера весь вечер是过去时未完成体的标志，选D15. 句中有补语дверь，所以动词应是不带-ся的及物动词，ключ сломан表明不能达到“开门”的结果，动词应用完成体，选A16. должны后面要求用动词不定式，句中的к понедельнику指出时间期限，因此动词要用完成体，表示在期限前达到结果，选C17. 否定祈使句中出现смотри(те)，表示提醒、警告，动词要用完成体命令式，选A18. 时间状语за прошедшие двадцать лет表明动词用完成体，узнал表明动词用过去时，选D19. 带давай的第一人称复数命令式中，动词用未完成体不定式形式或完成体第一人称复数变位形式，选B20. привыкнуть之后要求动词用未完成体不定式形式，选D21. “离开车还有半小时”，动词要用完成体过去时，主语полчаса要求动词用中性形式，选C22. 前句表明照片现在不在说话地点，所以后句中动词应表示“拿来过”，用未完成体过去时，选C23. пока не“直到…”是固定句型，要求完成体动词；буду ждать表明动词要用将来时，选C24. велел表明这是过去发生的事，从句动词也要用过去时；когда уходил表示“临走的时候”，选B25. 运动动词的用法中，表示“回到家”要用прийти домой，所以选D26. “来找你”要用运动动词прийти；ждѐт表明来了后还在这儿，运动动词要用完成体过去时表示结果保留，选B27. “早上收到的信”，信是被收到的，是一次的行为，所以动词“收到”получать/получить作“信”的定语，要用完成体被动形动词长尾，选A28. 固定词组представлять собой表示“是”，作后置定语要用主动形动词长尾，选A29. “书中描写的事件”，事件上被描写的，所以动词“描写”описывать/описать作“事件”的定语，要用未完成体或完成体被动形动词长尾，选D30. “作为著名的学者”，动词“作为”быть要用副动词形式，选C31. 句中有мне，表明形容词“小”要用短尾形式，选C32. 形容词作前置定语，要用长尾；чем表明形容词是比较级；нет要求跟二格，选A33. так要求形容词用短尾形式，选A34. “两个都”用оба(обе)，сын是阳性名词，修饰阳性名词时用оба，选C35. 有二格作后置定语时，“在…年(日)”要用в+四格，如в день победы，选B36. один из …词组中，один的性由из后面的名词（город）决定，格由所修饰的名词(в Москве)决定，所以用одном，选D37. 数词миллиард后面要求名词复数二格，选D38. кончилась要求时间状语表示когда“在（几点）”，四个选项中只有D可以用来表示这个意思，表示“在六点多”，选D39. сколько раз в день是固定表示法，选C①40. 比较级中指出差距要用на+四格，如выше на голову，选B41. 表示“在（什么条件下）”用前置词при，选C42. 表示日期用顺序数词中性形式，表示“在…日期”用其二格形式，选D43. 在表示原因的前置词中，из表示“出自行为主体（一般是人）的某种感情或心理状态的原因，行为是自觉的、有意识的”；от表示“由自然现象、社会现象或生理与心理状态所造成的原因，它所造成的结果是不以主体的意志为转移的”；из-за表示“自然现象、疾病、社会现象、人或事物造成消极结果的原因，具有明显的否定色彩”；с表示的是“由行为主体的（一般是人）的生理或心理状态方面造成的原因，口语色彩较浓，搭配范围有限”。
丁树杞《大学俄语(4)(东方老版)》学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+单元语法+全文翻译+练习答案】(1
yрок1一、词汇短语байдарка[阴]〈运动〉皮艇【变格】-и，复二-рок【搭配】парусиновая~帆布皮艇складная~折叠式皮艇байдарка-двойка双人皮艇ботанический[形]植物学的【搭配】~сад植物园~аягеография植物地理学【例句】Дляпутешественниковон(ботаническийсад)открытвовсякоевремябезденежно.植物园一直无偿地对旅游者开放。
весьма[副]〈文语〉很，十分【搭配】~рад很高兴~благодарен十分感谢【例句】Ситуациявесьмасложная.情况太复杂。
взаимопомощь[阴]互助【变格】-и【搭配】договородружбеи~и友好互助条约【例句】Всенациональностинашейстраныустановилииразвиваютнациональныеотношенияновоготипа—равноправиеивзаимопомощь,теснаясплоченность,совместноеразвитие.我国各族人民建立和发展了平等互助、亲密团结，共同发展的新型民族关系。
включить[完]列入；接通；(只用未)(常与себя连用)包括【接格】кого-чтовочто;что【变位】-чу,-чишь【搭配】~вповесткудня列入议程~свет开灯~(кого)вхоровойкружок让……参加合唱组~вплан将……列入计划【扩展】[未]включатьвоинский[形]军事的，军人的，军用的；军人应有的【搭配】~устав军事条例~иетрадиции军人的传统~оезвание军衔【例句】Воинскийпорядоксуров,ноэтимдержитсяармия.军队靠的是军纪严明。
96年大学俄语四级答案解析
Часть 1 АУДИРОВАНИЕ А.1.в2.а3.в4.а5.б Б.6.б7.в8.б9.б 10.в 11.в 12.б 13.в 14.б 15.б ЧАСТЬ 2 ЧТЕНИЕ 16. В 17. Б 18. В 19. Б 20. А 21. А 22. В 23. В 24. Б 25. Б 26. Б 27. В 28. В 29. В 30. А ЧАСТЬ 3 СЛОВА И ГРАММАТИКА 31. А 32. В 33. В 34. Б 35. В 36. В 37. Б 38. Б 39. А 40. Б 41. А 42. В 43. В 44. А 45. В 46. В 47. В 48. Б 49. В 50. Б 51. к наукам 52. Под руководством 53. очевидны 54. послали 55. к занятиям 56. о том 57. увидев 58. Доказательством 59. Полученная 60. которой ЧАСТЬ 4 ПЕРЕВОД 61. ⾸先，学⽣们应分析书上所列举出的题，然后再独⽴解题。
62. 如在解题中学⽣们要利⽤某个公式或定理，那么应该写出其名称。
63. 在考试中答题要认真写，以便于⽼师易于判题。
64. 如果某题实在做不出，那么就不要再看它的解题⽅法，应该去解其它题。
65. 如在规定的时间没有解完所有题，那就必须在考试后考虑⼀下没解完的原因。
1996年⼤学俄语四级考试答案及详解 ⼀、听⼒理解 (听⼒材料在最后） 1.根据第⼆、四句判断。
2.根据第四句判断。
3.根据倒数第⼆句判断。
4.根据第五句判断。
5.根据最后⼀句判断。
6.根据短⽂内容判断。
7.根据短⽂内容判断。
8.根据最后⼀句判断。
9.根据第⼆句判断。
10.根据第⼆句判断。
94---99年俄语四级真题与解析
94年31.Проблема ответственности ученого перед обществом уже давно ______ к себе внимание.а. Отвлекаетб. Привлекаетв. Увлекает科学家对社会的责任问题早已引起注意。
答案为б。
这三个词是同根词，因前缀不同，表示的意义大不相同。
Отвлекать кого-что от чего引诱使离开，吸引开。
Отвлекать внимание 把注意力吸引开。
Увлекать кого 使入迷，使神往；使专心致志，使全神贯注. 强调把客体谜住，使其离开原来工作所处的地方。
Художество увлекает кого 艺术使……神往。
吸引，引起。
强调把客体的注意力吸引到主体身上。
引起对自己的爱慕，以聪明招人喜欢。
符合题意。
32.Ежегодно эти предприятияв воздух без малого600 тысяч тоннвредных веществ.а. выбрасываютб. Забрасываютв. Сбрасывают32．每年这些企业都要排入空气中60多万吨的有害物质。
答案是а。
Выбрасывать 的意义可以从前缀得知，即从某处或某范围内向外扔，而且所扔之物一般是认为无用或不需要的，符合题意。
Забрасывать 多指有目的地把物品（可能用力地）抛到某处。
Забрасывать мяч в сетку 投球入网。
сбрасывать 投下，扔下，抛下。
Сбрасывать бомбу 投下一枚炸弹。
33.Городская реформане только промышленность и торговлю, но инауку, просвешение и все другие сферы.а. Входитб. Охватываетв. Содержит33城市改革不仅涉及工业、商业，而且扩大到科学、教育和所有其他领域。
2014年俄语四级答案
注：试题公众号获取ЭКЗАМЕНАЦИОННЫЕРАБОТЫЭРЯСГ- 4 ( 1993 г. )ЧАСТЬ2 ЧТЕНИЕ16.в17.а18.б19.б20.в21.в22.в23.б24.в25.в26.а27.в28.б29.б30.аЧАСТЬ3 СЛОВАИГРАММАТИКАА.31.а32.б33.в34.а35.а36.в37.а38.б39.а40.б41.а42.б43.б44.в45.в46.а47.а48.a 49.а50.вБ.51. отвсегоживогомира52.воснове53.стелевиденияирадио54.общаясь55. современномучеловеку56.такимобразом57.осуществляемая58.обладающего59.отсовокупности60.которымиЧАСТЬ4 ПЕРЕВОД61.很久以前(人们)就把书同亮晶晶的星星及太阳光作比较。
在书籍中含有人类精神财富的整个世界。
62.由于技术信息材料的出现，一些外国社会专家证实说，书籍到了尽头。
63.当然，现在离开其他信息资料，我们就不能分析书籍，及其书籍在我们生活中的作用。
64.读书，这是作者与读者友好的、心灵的联系。
读者有时间来思考，65.随着全世界成千上万的文盲将掌握读书及书写的艺术，1993年大学俄语四级考试答案及详解二、阅读理解短文1译文：对于北极的居民来说太阳的到来是大喜的日子。
古时候，在漫长的极地夜晚他们害怕太阳再也不会来了。
当然，现在长夜的恐惧已经过去了，同从前一样，人们视太阳的到来还同节日一样，在这些日子里，人们按照古老的传统开始活跃起来，穿上民族服装，唱起献给迎接太阳到来的民族歌曲，依照传统还进行民族体育比赛。
16.答案是в。
а是“极地长夜的到来”;б是“国庆节的到来”;в是“太阳返回北极”。
短文2译文：“扎博维德尼克(自然保护区)”，一个古老的俄语单词，意思是动植物在这一地区受法律保护。
丁树杞《大学俄语(4)(东方老版)》学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+单元语法+全文翻译+练习答案】(7
yрок7一、词汇短语академик[阳](科学院、研究院的)院士【变格】-а【搭配】почётный~名誉院士произвестикого【例句】Академикподнялруку,истудентыстихли.院士举起一只手，大学生都静了下来。
аспирант[阳]研究生【变格】-а【例句】Аспирантзащищаетдиссертацию.研究生在进行答辩。
【扩展】[阴]аспиранткаатмосфера[阳]气氛；环境【搭配】праздничная~节日的气氛~доверия信任的气氛【例句】Беседапрошлавдружескойатмосфере.谈话是在友好的气氛中进行的。
бесконечный[形]无限的，无穷的，无边无际的，没有尽头的，无止境的【变化】-чен,-чна【搭配】~оемировоепространство无限的宇宙空间【例句】Времяипространствобесконечны.时间和空间是无限的。
благодарность[阴]感谢，谢意【变格】-и【搭配】глубочайшая~深深的感激икренняя/сердечная~衷心的感谢【例句】Примитеотменясердечнуюблагодарность.请接受我的衷心感谢。
выплавить[完]熔炼出，冶炼出【变位】-влю,-вишь【接格】что【搭配】~1000тоннчугуна炼出1000吨生铁~сталь炼出钢【扩展】[未]выплавлять,-яю,-яешьвыпустить[完]кого-что放走；生产；出版；删掉；培养出(毕业生)【变位】-ушу,-устишь【搭配】~ребёнкапогулять让孩子出去玩玩~насвободу释放~продукциюсверхплана超额生产产品~книгу出版书籍~марки发行邮票~слабыеместаизпьесы删掉剧本中写得不好的地方【例句】Недавновыпущенныестудентыпоехалинаработу.不久前毕业的大学生奔赴工作岗位去了。
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ЭКЗАМЕНАЦИОННЫЕРАБОТЫЭРЯС Г- 4 ( 1993 г. )ЧАСТЬ 2 ЧТЕНИЕ16.в 17.а 18.б 19.б 20.в21.в 22.в 23.б 24.в 25.в26.а 27.в 28.б 29.б 30.аЧАСТЬ 3 СЛОВА И ГРАММАТИКАА.31.а 32.б 33.в 34.а 35.а36.в 37.а 38.б 39.а 40.б41.а 42.б 43.б 44.в 45.в46.а 47.а 48.a 49.а 50.вБ.51. от всего живого мира52.в основе53.с телевидения и радио54.общаясь55. современному человеку56.таким образом57.осуществляемая58.обладающего59.от совокупности60.которымиЧАСТЬ 4 ПЕРЕВОД61.很久以前（人们）就把书同亮晶晶的星星及太阳光作比较。
在书籍中含有人类精神财富的整个世界。
62.由于技术信息材料的出现，一些外国社会专家证实说，书籍到了尽头。
63.当然，现在离开其他信息资料，我们就不能分析书籍，及其书籍在我们生活中的作用。
64.读书，这是作者与读者友好的、心灵的联系。
读者有时间来思考，65.随着全世界成千上万的文盲将掌握读书及书写的艺术，1993年大学俄语四级考试答案及详解二、阅读理解短文1译文：对于北极的居民来说太阳的到来是大喜的日子。
古时候，在漫长的极地夜晚他们害怕太阳再也不会来了。
当然，现在长夜的恐惧已经过去了，同从前一样，人们视太阳的到来还同节日一样，在这些日子里，人们按照古老的传统开始活跃起来，穿上民族服装，唱起献给迎接太阳到来的民族歌曲，依照传统还进行民族体育比赛。
16.答案是в 。
а是“极地长夜的到来”；б是“国庆节的到来”；в是“太阳返回北极”。
短文2译文：“扎博维德尼克（自然保护区）”，一个古老的俄语单词，意思是动植物在这一地区受法律保护。
在自然保护去完全禁止人类从事经营活动。
自然保护区完成保护野兽、鸟类、鱼类、森林及其他自然资源的使命。
保护自然，并合理利用它，这意味着给自然以恢复的可能。
自然保护区的文化和教育意义非常大，成千上万的游客来参观，他们同大自然进行交流，观察动物和鸟类，享受景区的美丽，这一切都会给人类带来健康和快乐。
17.答案是a。
a是“专门划出一片地，用特别的制度来保护和利用自然”；б是“专门划出一片地，让游客来观察动物，并享受美景”；в是“专门划出一片地，这片地有文化和教育意义”。
短文3译文：不能不发现谢罗夫和瓦思涅措夫的画上姑娘的区别。
谢罗夫花上的姑娘像是在焦急地等待着，什么时候能跑到花园里玩。
过了七年了，瓦思涅措夫的画上姑娘的表情看上去十分平静，她的美更加严肃，姑娘确实像女神。
18.答案是б。
a是“她看上去非常活泼”；б是“她看上去非常漂亮”；в是“她看上去十分平静”。
短文4译文：马克思有一个习惯，就是不时地要读一读自己的笔记，以便把笔记强化到记忆中。
而马克思的记忆力非常惊人。
他的脑海里记着很多各个知识领域的事实和证据。
马克思从少年时就锻炼自己的记忆力，背诵外语诗篇，包括俄语的诗篇。
无论干什么，马克思都特别认真。
19.答案是б。
a是“强记自己的笔记的方式”；б是“背诵外语诗歌的方式”；в是“特别认真地完成各种工作的方式”。
短文5译文：太阳积极活动周期对地球生物过程的影响已毫无疑问。
但不仅太阳参与了宇宙力的相互影响作用，很多东西证明，我们永久的卫星——月亮也不会袖手旁观。
多年的观察证明，几乎每一次地震在于球表面都伴有异常现象出现——土壤振动，月球火山喷发。
怎么也不能认为这是种偶然现象，要知道很多证据都能证明这一联系。
但奇怪的是，不仅在地震前，而且在地震后，月球现象明显增加了。
20.答案是в。
a是“地震前”；б是“地震前夕”；в是“地震前不久及地震后”。
短文6译文：挺直高大的树木在城里哗哗作响。
这里树木很多，一棵靠着一棵，形成整片小树林。
有的地方长着独木，也是挺直高大的。
好像它们很显眼，但当暴风雨到来时，这些独木就会被刮到，将附近架设的电线打断。
可小树林依旧。
孤零零的树木受不了暴风雨的摧残，这是显而易见的。
这里树根埋伏较浅，因此大树能够被连根拔起或刮倒，如果只有一棵树长在那里的话。
但如果旁边还有树木，它们就能相互依靠，它们也不怕暴风雨，也很难把它们刮倒，因为它们在一起盘根错节。
21.答案是в。
a是“因为这些树很高”；б是“因为这些树很显眼”；в是“因为树根很浅”。
22.答案是в。
a是“因为不可能将它们刮倒”；б是“因为这里树很多”；в是“因为树互相依靠”。
短文7译文：死亡或死亡前夕很多都会出现听觉异常感受现象。
这种感觉极其不舒服。
有一位病人在做手术的20分钟内处于“死亡”状态，他讲述了这种直接从脑袋里发出的不舒服的噪音…… “我永远也不会忘记那个噪音，它使我极其不舒服（使我忍受不了）”，他说。
另一个病人说，当她失去知觉后，听到巨大的响声，好像从远处传来。
经常伴随着响声，人们会出现这样的感觉，就是好像穿过某种黑暗的地方。
有一位男士在讲述一次不幸的事件时说：“当我受了内伤心脏停止跳动后，我感觉到自己在一个很深、很黑的山洞里挪动。
我从来也没有见过那么黑的地方。
但我感到自己是伟大的，也是十分平静的。
”23.答案是б。
а是“当给他做手术时”；б是“当失去知觉时”；в是“当死亡来临时”。
24.答案是в。
а是“证明人在死亡时会听到不舒服的声音”；б是“证明人在死亡时不仅会听到不舒服的声音”；в是“证明人在死亡时会出现异常感觉”。
短文8译文：斯维特兰·萨维茨卡娅在17岁时获得了跳伞比赛运动的第一名。
后来就是跳、跳、跳。
有一次她创造了纪录。
斯维特兰·萨维茨卡娅在自由降落中滑翔了13716米。
自由降落的速度是100米/秒。
现在她是飞行员。
1977年她是所有的人都吃惊：在飞行中达到了从未有的高度——21209.8米的高度。
在此之后，也就是第十三次纪录后，有人问：“您还想再往高飞吗？”“非常想。
我想飞到星际。
”1982年8月10日斯维特兰·萨维茨卡娅达到了宇宙高度。
返回地面后她已经是全球闻名，又是演说，又是接见。
而她还和原来一样，在设计局试验飞机，自己缝连衣裙。
25.答案是в。
а是“跳伞运动员”；б是“女宇航员”；в是“飞行试验员”。
最后一句点出了答案。
26.答案是а。
а是“三次高度”；б是“13716米”；в是“宇宙高度”。
回答这个题时注意问题：скольких（几次，多少）。
短文9译文：邮递员不仅在地面完成自己的事业，他们也出现在了太空。
飞行员Е.В.赫鲁诺夫和А.С.耶里谢耶夫将宇宙飞船“联盟-5”上的信和报纸送给“联盟-4”上的飞行员В.А莎塔罗夫。
在接见星际飞船上的乘务人员时苏联电信部邮政总局局长授予宇航员邮递员勋章。
宇航员们要求，为了方便.在太空中传送邮件，在以后要制作一些专门的邮包。
在太空中要呆好几个月，邮包也成功地传送了。
在这本飞行中通过发行处在太空站进行两次邮包传送，开通了定期地面-太空，太空-地面邮政传送线路。
宇航员们不仅能够收到家人，宇航员同志及朋友们的各种来信，还能收到很多的报纸和杂志。
27.答案是в。
а是“赫鲁诺夫”；б是“耶里谢耶夫”；в是“莎塔罗夫”。
28.答案是б。
а是“一次”；б是“两次”；в是“几次”。
短文10译文：我的父母亲都不懂艺术。
我的母亲是大学俄语教师，父亲是工程师。
他们总是很忙，工作很多。
在他们的生活中艺术所占的份额就是他们所酷爱的职业工作之余的时间。
尽管不能把我长大的环境称作是演员的环境，但我第一次同艺术接触还是在家里。
29.答案是б。
а.是“工人家庭”；б.是“普通家庭”；в.是“演员家庭”。
短文11译文：这是不同寻常的学校。
在这所学校里大学生、工程师、工人身边座的都是学者和中学生。
听课的人不分文化程度及年龄，都在学习专业理论。
课程在每周日的早晨9点到下午2点进行。
论文答辩也特殊——常常是解决符合发明水平的创作课题。
不给评分。
大学毕业后学员在工作岗位上运用自己的知识和技能。
据很多学员的意见反映，学习完（理论课及答辩完论文）后，他们发明活动的效益增加了十多倍。
30.答案是а。
这所学校不寻常的意义就在于各种不同层次及年龄的人在这里学习。
三 A、选择填空31.同过去相比，科学家劳动组织在二十世纪发生了实质性的变化。
答案а。
а.的词义是“变化，变样，起变化”；б.的词义是“被替换，改变”；в.的词义是“换人，更改”。
32.我认为，你在会上批评了他，他会躲避你的。
答案б。
а. о кого-что碰,撞；б. кого-чего回避，躲避；в. от кого-чего摆脱。
33.科学研究应致力于认识世界，发现新规律，形成新知识。
答案в。
а.的词义是“转向，关注”；б.что на ком-чём, 词义是“把……集中于……”；в.的词义是“集中于，致力于”; на что。
34.世界上许多国家把科学看作是每个社会发展的必要部分。
答案а 。
а.的词义是“认为是……，被看成是……”；б.的词义是“仔细看”；в.的词义是“环顾，向四面张望，端详”。
35科学家的进步不取决于个人的思想，而是取决于成千上万人民团结智慧的结晶。
答案а。
а.的词义是“联合，统一，团结”；б.的词义是“连接起来，联系起来，结合起来，”；в.的词义是“合并，归并，列入”。
36.为了培养和训练年轻的专家，大学里杰出的学者把自己丰富的知识传授给他们。
答案в。
а.的词义是“宽敞的”；б.的词义是“广泛的，宽广的”；в.的词义是“广阔的；内容丰富的，渊博的”。
37.在展览会上展出了属于个人的图画。
答案а。
А的词义是“个人所有的，私人的，私有的”；б的词义是“自用的，亲自的”；в的词义是“私有的，个人的，部分的”。
38.电子计算机的发明为科技进步的发展做出了杰出的贡献。
答案б。
А的词义是“发现，公开”；б的词义是“发明”；в的词义是“发觉”。
39. 关于记忆尽管现在有许多科学家在谈论，但我们暂时还没有这个过程的实质统一概念。
答案а。
А的词义是“概念，观念”；б的词义是“了解，理解”；в的词义是“概念，观念”（一般指哲学方面）。
40.不久前同事赠送我一辆自行车，尽管旧了，可状况还不错。
答案б。
А的词义是“情况，状况，局势”；б的词义是“状态，状况，情形”；в的词义是“情况”。
41. 别特罗果夫从事实习工作是出于他所固有的对治病艺术完善的追求。
答案а。
А的词义是“由于（发自内心的）”；б的词义是“由于（多指自觉行为的原因或产生不良结果的原因）”；в的词义是“从……，由于（产生不良后果的原因）”。