科技英语汉翻英

练习1：
Ⅱ
输入信号太大会引起非线性失真。
Nonlinear distortion can be caused by too large an input signal.
利用斜率的定义，我们能导出表示直线的方程。
Using the definition of slope, we can derive the equation which presents a straight line.
f(x+h)-f(x)这一表达式经常用在微积分方面。
The equation f(x+h)-f(x) is frequently used in the study of calculus.
能写成以下形式的方程被称为含有一个未知数的线性方程。
An equation which can be written in the following form is known as a linear equation in one unknown.
在计算机中，趋势是以尽可能高的时钟速率工作。
In a computer, the tendency is to operate at as high a clock rate as possible.
在电容器上的电压为零点零几伏。
The voltage across this capacitor is a few hundredths of a volt.
十年前该厂的产量仅为现在的五分之一。
The output of the factory ten years ago was only one fifth what it is now.
这两个数值之差为万分之十三。
The difference between these two values is 13 parts in 10 4.
锡的熔点没有铝高。
Tin does not have as high a melting point as lead.
这个平均速度是末速度的一半。
This average velocity is half the final velocity.
必须弄清解这个方程需要多长的时间。
It is necessary to find how long a time it takes to solve this equation.
这根导线比那根粗三倍。
This wire if four times thicker than that one.
电可以容易地被转变成其他形式的能量。
Electricity can be easily changed into other forms of energy.
1831年美国的约瑟夫?亨利发现了电磁感应现象。
In 1831 ,Joseph Henry in the United States discovered the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction.
接收机是由几个单元组成的。
A receiver consists of several units.
Ⅲ
The new designed inshtrument is in good quality.
This engine needs (requires,wants) being cleaned.
This running machine will stop of itself in one minute or two.
In this case, the input does not fall; the output does not fall,too.
The resistance of a conductor not only depends on the material with which the conductor is made,but also on the size and temperature of the conductor.
Another comsat has been launched in the morning of the 8th of October.
Ⅳ
物体经受简谐运动的周期是为使它作一完整震荡所需的时间，对弹簧而言，周期就是弹簧在从其最大的伸长，通过其最大的压缩并又一次回到其最大伸长过程中所用的时间。对各类简谐运动来说，周期T表示为。式中加速度a是物体处于特定位置时所经历的加速度。
Xx，男，教授，博士生导师，中科院院士。1953年毕业于解放军通信工程学院雷达系，毕业后留校任教，历任教研室主任，系主任、副院长。
Xx: male , professor , advisor for doctoral stuents, and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.He graduated from the Department of Radar at the

Institute of the Communications Engineering of the People’s Liberation Army of China in 1953.
练习2
Ⅱ
这本书对电子工程师来说是及有帮助的。
This book is of great help to electronic engineers.
在前四章中，第三章最重要。
Of the first four chapters, Chapter 3 is the most important.
解这道题很容易。
This problem can be solved with great ease.
在这种情况下，电流导前电压90.
In this case , current leads voltage by 90.
通过分析这台设备的参数，我们可以了解它的性能。
Through the analysis of the parameters of this device, we can understand its performance.
若x>0，则该方程无解。
For x>0, there is no solution to the equation.
现在我们需要解这个方程，求出哪个未知数来。
Now it is necessary for us to solve this equation for that unkown.
在把这些值代入后，人们发现v就等于光速。
Upon substitution of these values, it is found that v is equal to the velocity of light.
电容是用法拉为单位来度量的。
Capacitance is measured in farads.
这台计算机的体积很小。
This computer is very small in size.
这些波只朝一个方向传播。
These waves travel only in one direction.
在研究电学时，物理学家们定义了电场强度。
In their study of electricity, physicists defined electric field intensity.
这个答案看起来是正确的。
This answer appears correct.
这个系数有待确定。
This coefficient remain to be determined.
下面两个式子在后面章节将被经常用到。
The two equations below will be used ofen in later chapters.
这里我们使用相距两米的两个金属球。
Here we use two metal balls two meters apart.
本书没有什么新内容。 This paper contains nothing new.
该力垂直于桌面作用。
The force acts perpendicular to the surface of the table.
这一规则可用于一切整数，包括正的和负的。
This rule can be used for all intergers, both positive and negative.
中子具有稍大于质子的质量。
A neutron has a slightly larger mass than proton.
电子是存在于普通物质中的最小微粒。
Electrons are the smallest particles present in ordinary matter.
现有的教科书均讨论了这一问题。
All the textbooks available discuss this problem.
计算机由于运算准确、速度快而得到了广泛的应用。
Accurate in operation and high in speed, computers have found wide applications.
现有的中型计算机的运算能力与不久前 的大型计算机一样。
Medium-size computers now perform as large computers not long ago.
输入电压变为负值而能量则保持不变。
The input voltage goes negative and the energy stays constant.
这些射线似乎来自于成像。
These rays seem to come from the image.
交流电路中的阻抗起着与电阻在直流电路中相同的作用。
Impedence in an a-c circuit plays the same role that resistance does in a d-c circuit.

相距一段距离的两根平行导线载有电流I。
Two parallel wires a distance apart carry the current I.
这里的这些式子很重要。
The equation here are of great importance.
我们将使用一根10 米长的电缆。
We shall use a cable 10 meters long.
Ⅲ
that professor is very interesting in this topic.
these multimeters are very alike in size and weight.
This voltage almost can not be measured.
In this laboratory, this instrument is better than any one .
To repair the machine, the cover has to be removed.
The preface of this book is well written.

练习3
Ⅱ
由于反馈在电子线路中起着重要的作用，所以对它的研究极为重要。
Since feedback plays an important role in electronic circuits, its study is of great importance.
黑洞是看不见的，但它的存在是可以推断出来的.
The black hole is invisible, but its presence can be deduced.
电磁波以光速传播，为其通行不需要任何物质。
Electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light, and require no material fo their passage.
从把它定义为距离与时间之比，速度是以米每秒来表示的。
From its definition as the ratio of distance to time, speed is expressed in meters per second.
他们在这种情况下的差别为百万分之十三。
Their difference in this case is 13 parts in a million.
我们对二极管的分析将是很有意义的。
Our analysis of the diode will be of great significance.
这有助于把他们用在电路分析中。
This facilitates their use in circuit analysis.
设计的成功与否取决于我们对电路的正确选择。
The success in design depends on our correct choice of the circuit.
必须把它们相互间的碰撞考虑进去。
It is necessary to take into account their collisions with each other.
这里我们必须使用千分之一丝线那么粗细的导线。
Here we must use wires one thousandth the diameter of a silk thread.
这一定律适用于具有火箭速度的物体。
This law holds for the bodies the speed of a rocket.
我们必须对载波进行频率调制。
We must frequency modulate the carrier.
这个设备是无线电控制的。
This device is radio controlled.
交流电可以转变为直流电，这一过程称为整流。
AC can be changed into DC, a process called rectification.
为了了解这道题，我们必须将各种因素考虑进去，这一步骤是复杂的。
To solve this problem, we must take everything into account, a complicated procedure.
万用表是测量电压电流电阻的仪表，它广泛的用在与点有关的工作中。
An instrument for measuring current,voltage and resistance, the multimeter is widely used in the work having connection with electricity.
本文论述了交流电与直流电相比的优点。
This paper deals with advantages of AC over DC.
这些题的答案在书的后面。
The answers to these problems appear in the back of the book .
该曲线显

示了导电率随温度的增加而下降的情况。
The curve shows the fall in conductivity with increasing temperature.
这些材料是压敏的。
These materials are pressure sensitive.
Ⅲ
The feature of this device is small in size and light in weight.
Other types of the electric motor is also widely used in industry.
Any student cannot solve this kind of special equation.
Until the invention of the microscope the real study of becteria became possible.
They do not know if this material could stand a so large force or not.
The machine will automatically start to operate again two hours later.
练习4。
Ⅱ
这种设备据说在三年前就有卖的了。
This equipment , it is said, was commercially available three years ago.
h是一个我们认为很重要的参数。
H is a parameter which we think is very important.
现在我们把带有比如说正电的一个导体接地。
Now we connect a conductor charged with , let us say, positive electricity, to the ground.
当时人们一致同意xx应该可以随意的用-1来代替。
Xx, it was agreed, should be replaceable by -1 at will.
我们在前面已注意到，速度是个矢量。
Velocity , we have noted before,is a vector quantity.
这些窗户均承受不了这么大的力。
None of these windows can be withstand so large a force.
我们实验室里的计算机的质量并非都很好。
All the computers in our laboratory are not very good in quanlity.
现有的教科书都没有提到这一点。
No textbooks available have mentioned this point.
学声们对这些参数都不熟悉。
Students are familiar with none of thess parameters.
在这个商店里，这些元件并非都有卖。
In this shop , all these components are not available.
早在19世纪20年代，人们就认识到这种金属可用在工业上。
As early as the 1980s, it had been realized that this metal could be used in industry.
自从1998年以来，他们一直在研制一种特殊的机器人。
They have been developing a special kind of robot since 1998.
应充分利用现有的设备。
Full use must be made of the equipment available.
预计到这设备运抵该研究所时，那里的技术人员对其工作原理已学过了。
It is expected that , by the time the device arrives at that reaserch institute , the technical personnel there will have studied its principle of operation.
这种电池的极性必须加以注意。
Attention must be paid to the polarities of the battery.
声音在氢气中传播要比在空气中快的多。
Sound travels much more rapidly in hydrogen than in air.
有些发达国家每人一年中使用多达60公斤的纸。
Some developed countries use as much as 60 kilograms of paper for each person in a year.
颜色越深，吸收的光就越多。
The darker the color, the more heat will be absorbed.
导线的电阻越大，在导线中消耗的电能就越多。
The greater the resistance of a wire, the more ene

rgy will be dissipated in it.
在所有这些仪表中，这台最常用。
Of all these instruments, this one is most commonly used.
这个天文台属我国最大。
This astronomical observatory is the largest in our country.
Ⅲ
The experiment begins from eight o’clock/from may/from tomorrow.
The voltage of the resistor is measured with volt.
The both engineers are busy to design a type of new computer.
The copper is a kind of matter an so does air.
We find this concept very difficult to be explained.
They will leave to Beijing to attend an international conference of communications.
练习5
Ⅱ
我们完全能够理解这个方程。
It is quite possible for us to solve this equation.
借助于计算机设计一种新型的飞机只需几个月的时间。
It takes only a few months to design a new type of airplane with the help of a computer.
现在有待于我们计算这个电路的电阻。
It remains only for us to calculate the resistance in this circuit.
证明这个公式成立就留作为读者的一个习题。
It is left as a problem to the reader to show that this fomula holds.
要执行的程序贮存在这一单元中。
The program to be executed is stored in this unit.
这山谷用作为建坝的基础。
This valley is used as the foundation on which to build the dam .
有许多种类型的万用表可供选用。
There are many types of multimeters to choose from.
光速太快了以致于我们不能用简单的单位来测量。
The velocity of light is too great to be measured in simple units.
假设需要求出这个角度来。
Let it be required to find out this angle.
设t等于零。
Let t be equal to zero.
这个方程很难解。
This equation is very difficult to solve.
目标越远，回波返回所需的时间就越长。
The farther away the target is,the longer it takes for the echo to return.
我们发现这道题容易解。
We find this problem easy to solve.
为使这个级数收敛。X必须小于1。
For the series to converge,x must be less than 1.
电容器贮存电荷的能力受几个因素的影响。
The ability of a capacitor to store a charge is affected by a few factors.
这是一枝画画的笔。
This is a pen to draw pictures with.
为使q2导通，其基极必须是大约1.8伏。
For Q2 to conduct,its base must be about 1.8 volts.
我们得求出使r为多大才能使该级数收敛。
We have to find out how large to make so as for the series to converge.
Ⅳ
这种新方法具有效率高、容易调整的优点。
强调指出了光强随圆柱体直径变化的正弦规律。
我们的方法与以前讨论同一问题的文章中所述的不同。
练习6
Ⅱ
变压器是由绕在铁芯上的两个或多个线圈构成的一种装置。
A transformer is a device consisting of two or more coils wound on the iron core.
这本书如果使用得当，对读者是很有帮助的。
This book, properly used, is of great help to the

reader.
代表磁场的磁力线是一些围绕该导线的同心圆。
The magnetic lines of force representing the magnetic field are concentric circles surrounding the wire.
在这种情况下，电子具有的能量就更大，从而增强了光点的亮度。
In this case, electrons will possess greater energy, increasing the brightness of spot.
当阳光照在光电池上时，该设备就会自动的工作起来。
The sunlight falling upon photo-electric cells, the device will automatically go into operation.
若已知时间和速度，我们就能求出距离来。
Given time and speed,we can find out distance.
所有这些网络都具有能转换阻抗值的性质。
All these networks have the property of being able to transform impedance levels.
酶能提高化学反应的速度而本身并不会被改变。
Enzymes increase the speed of chemical reactions without being changed themselves.
通过找到该直线上的任何两点，我们就能把这直线画出来。
By finding two points on the straight line, we can draw the line.
求出这些符号的可能值就称为解方程。
Finding the possible values of these symbols is called solving the equation.
自动化并不是机器代替人的问题。
Automation is not a question of machines replacing man.
在设计这些集成电路时只考虑一两种用途。
These integrated circuits were designed with one or two uses in mind.
让我们以原点为圆心做一个半径为r的圆。
Let us construct a circle of radius R, with the origin as the center.
圆心在原点、半径为a的圆的方程为：
The equation to the circle with the center at the origin and of radius a is:
若以其它门电路作为负载，则输出电压近似为3.5伏。
With other gates as loads, the output voltage will be approximately 3.5 volts.
在u=2公里/秒和v=11.2公里/秒的情况下，
With u=2 km/sec and v=11.2km/sec,mo/m=270.


练习7
Ⅱ
一切物体不论其温度有多低，均发射热射线。
Heat rays are emitted by all bodies no matter how low their temperatures are.
尽管原子很小，他们是由更小的单元构成的。Small as they are, atoms are made up of still smaller units.
角的测量是独特的，在于单位是无量刚的。
The measurement of angles is unique in that the unit is dimensionless.
该物体处于这样的状态以致于它能做功。
The body is in such a state that it can do work.
每当我们把一个角表示成另一个角的两倍时，就使用这些倍角公式。
These double-angle formulas can be used any time we have expressed one angle as twice another.
直到引入了一种崭新的不同概念后这个问题才得到了解决。
The problem was not to be solved until a radically new and different concept was introduced.
必须对这些信号作进一步的处理后才能把它们馈入下一级。
Something further must be done to these signals before they are fed to the subsequent stage.

每种物质不论是固体、液体还是气体，均是由原子构成的。
Every substance ,whether it be a solid, a liquid ,or a gas,consist of atoms.
所有的迹象表明，计算机的价格将进一步下跌。
There are various indications that the price of computers will continue to fall.
没有证据表明能量能被产生或被消灭。
There is no evidence that energy can be created or destroyed.
在这种情况下并不保证该电路就调谐于哪个频率上。
In this case, these is no assurance that the circuit is turned to that frequency.
这些实验得出了这样的结果：若外力不变，加速度与质量成反比。
These experiments lead to the result that with a constant force , the acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass.
两千多年前希腊人就知道了每样东西都是由很小的微粒构成的这一概念
The idea that everything is made up of very small particles was known to the Greeks over two thousand years ago.
自从那时以来，一直有着在其他行星上是否存在生命的各种推测。
Since then, there have been speculations whether life exists on other planets.
这是由于在电路中存在电容的原因导致的。
This is due to the fact that there exists capacitance in the circuit.
除了材料的性质应该包括在分析模型之中外，我们还必须把其他因素考虑进去。
Besides the fact that the properties of the material should be included in the analytical modal, we must take other factors into account.
“跟随器”这个属术语来自于这么一点：输出电压十分紧密的跟随着信号电压。
The term follower comes from the fact that the output voltage follows the signal voltage quite closely.
利用该曲线通过（2，1）这一情况，我们可以求出这个常数来。
Using the fact that the curve passes through(2.1),we can evaluate the constant.
卡若图的有用性在于相邻的方格能够看见的加以组合起来来消除多余的变量。
The usefulness of the Karnaugh map lies in the fact that adjacent cells can be grounped visually to eliminate redundant variables.
这一系列的实验得出了这样的结果：若外力恒定，则加速度与质量成反比。
The series of experiments leads to the result that with a constant force, the acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass.
练习8
我们应该使用哪个式子取决于在题目中我们已知了什么数据。
Which equation we should use will depend on what data we have been given in the problem.
显然这些系统将一块起作用的。
It is obvious that these systems will function together.
一切物质均由微粒构成的，这现在已是众所周知的事实了。
It is a well-known fact that all matter is made up of minute particles.
人们已经发现，电流的方向正好与电子的流动方向相反。
It has been found that the direction of the current is just opposite to that of the electron flow.

由此（我们）得知在该点的斜率为零。
It follows that the slope at that point is zero.
可能会发生这样的情况：整个相位移变为零。
It can happen that the overall phase shift becomes zero.
初看起来似乎这个积分不符合本章所介绍的任何形式。
At first glance,it does not appear that this integral fits any of the forms presented in this chapter.
我们如何定义f(x)是没有关系的。
It does not matter how we define f(x).
把哪一点选作为原点是没有区别的。
It makes no difference which point is chosen as the origin.
必须确定在什么条件下这个方程是成立的。
It is necessary to determine under what conditions this equation is true.
经常有这样的情况：我们可以得到不同形式的解。
It often happens that we may obtain different forms of solution.
由上述得出F=ma。
From what has been described above ,it follows that
这个设备正是我们所需要的。
This device is just what we need.
现在我们把到目前为止所有证明了的内容小结一下。
Now let us summarize what has been proved so far.
这个数值与原来大不一样了。
This value is quite different from what it was.
电流随所谓的电阻而变化。
Current changes with what is called resistance.
这种积分就是通常所说的广义积分。
This integral is what is known as the improper integral.
读者能懂得该器件的功能是什么。
The reader can understand what the function of this device is.
发电机所做的是把机械能转变成电能。What a generator does is convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
这个磁力就是是电动机转动的力。
This magnetic force is what makes electric motors run.
练习9
还有另一种能量形式我们必须加以考虑。
There is another form of energy we must take into account.
我们能求出与这两个力等效的一个力。
We can find a force to which these two foces are equivalent.
我们首先讨论其频率为恒定的波。
We shall first discuss the waves whose frequency is constant.
用来测量电流的仪表称为安培表。
The meter which is used to measure current is known as an ammeter.
我们在日常生活中得到的大部分信息是通过光这个媒介获得的。
Most of the information we get in our everyday life is obtained through the medium of light.
X=x的特殊频率称为谐振频率。
The special frequency at which X=x is called the resonant frequency.
自从本书出版以来的这十年间，在电子学方面发生了巨大的变化。
During the ten years since this book was published, great changes have been seen in electrons.
这是我们实验室里所曾有过的、最灵敏的仪器。
This is the most sensitive instrument that we have ever had in our laboratory.
每一样热的东西均辐射能量
everything that is hot radiates energy.
我们必须算出该物体被提起的距离。
We must calcul

ate the diatance the is lifted.
飞机飞行的方向是一个重要因素。
The direction the plane flies is an important factor.
n2是奇数，这表明n是奇数。
N2 is odd, which means that n is odd.
I1远大于I2，在这种情况下I1可以忽略不计。
I1 is much greater than i2 in which case i2 can be neglected.
如我们将会看到的那样，导体中的自由电子在导热方面也起着重要作用。
As we shall see, the free electrons in a conductor also play an important role in the conduction of heat.
顾名思义，本章是讨论周期函数的。
As the name show, the chapter deals with periodic functions.
像我们用来测量电阻的这种仪表称为欧姆表。
Such meters as we use to measure resistance are spoken of as ohmmeters.
我们必须首先求出当c趋于无穷大时的极限值。
We must first determine the limit as c->
一般可能写出的回路方程式比需要的多。
It is generally possible to write down more loop equations than are needed.
练习10
若没有半导体，卫星通讯就不可能了。
Without semiconductors, satellite communications would be impossible.
我们本来也可以用定理（6）来导出式（5）。
We could also have used theorem(6) to derive Eq.(5).
一旦出现什么情况，尽快让我们知道。
Shauld anything happen,let us know as soon as possible.
数字设计人员很好的了解布尔代数是十分必要的。
It is quite essential that digital designer should have a good knowledge of Boolean algebra.
有人建议在太空制造药物。
It is suggested that drugs be made in space.
这来自于输出要稳定这一需要。
This comes from the necessity that the output be stable.
其条件是（x-a）是一个根。
Its condition is that (x-a) be a root.
这根传输线的作用好象他是开路似的。
This transmission line acts as if it were open-circuit.
我们周围的一切东西，无论是空气、水还是木头，都是物质。
Everything around us ,be it air, water or wood , is matter.
这个方法确实管用，不过到底该在什么情况下使用它尚不清楚。
This method does work.However,it is not yet clear under what conditions it is that the method may be used.
这是法拉第发现了电磁感应现象。
It was Faraday who discovered the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction.
我们所关心的正是这个阻抗。
It is this impedance with which we are concerned.
钨就是用做电灯灯丝的那种金属。
Tungsten is the very metal used as the filament of electric lamps.
声波通过媒介运动的速度的确取决于媒介的性质。
The speed at which sound waves move through a medium does depend on the properties of we call medium.
这一性质我们称之为惯性。
This property we call inertia.
练习11
在这一页上还画出了彩色电视机的方框图。
Also show on this paper is a block diagram of a color TV set.
只有在匹配的条件才会有最大

的输出。
Only under the matched condition will the maximum output result.
所谓电动势，指的是当没有电流流动时电池两端的电位差。
By electromotive force is meant the potential difference across the battery when there is no flow of current.
往往出现这样的问题：如何才能求出这些未知数来。
The problem often arises how these unkowns can be determined.

在这种情况下，不仅那些电阻吸收功率，而且电压源也吸收功率。
In this case ,not only do the resistors absorb power ,but also does the voltage source.
图8中画的是具有互感M的一个变压器。
Shown in Fig.8 is a transformer having mutual inductance M.
几乎没人绝对精确的知道约束函数f。
rarely does one know the constraint function fm with absolute precision.
在登月舱附近的是一台遥控电视摄象机。
Near the lunar module is a remote-controlled television camera.
实际来说，通过电感的电流不能瞬时改变的，电容两端的电压也不能瞬时改变的
practically speaking ,the current through an inductor cannot change instantaneously, nor can the voltage across a capacitor.
就象串联或并联连接的电阻可组合成一个等效电阻一样，电感和电容也能组合。
Just as resistors connected in series or parallel can be combined into an equivalent resistor,so can inductor and capacitor be combined.
让我们把这两个电导公共的节点选作为参考。
Let us select as the reference the node common to these two conductances.
在学习电路时极为重要的是这种理想电压放大器
of great importance in the study of electric circuit is the voltage amplifier.
这些数我们称之为正整数。
These numbers we call the positive integers.
如果需要的话，这导线将涂有某种绝缘体。
If necessary , the wire will be covered with insulation of some kind.
如果有误差的话，应予以校正。
Errors, if any, should be corrected.
金属受热就膨胀。
Metals expand when heated.