2012统计学A答案

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杭州师范大学 生命与环境科学 学院2011—2012学年第一学期期末考试
《环境统计学》试卷(A )
参考答案
一、基础统计分析
1、 用下表人类头发颜色观测频次(O )的抽样数据,要求:(1)填写头发颜色的理论频次分布;
(2)用卡方好适度检测和对数似然比例(G -test)检测人类黑色、棕色、金色和红色头发颜色是否吻合2:2:2:1的颜色分布。

Black Brown Blond Red N O 50 50 20 20 140 E
40
40
40
20
140
X 2 = 15.0 > 7.81 P < 0.05
G = 16.9 > 7.81 P < 0.05 头发颜色不符合2:2:2:1 卡方检验:X 2
=
i k
i i
i
E E O /]
5.0|[|2
1
--∑= (注意只有在自由度=1的时候,要减去0.5)
G 检验:O(实际值),E(理论值)=纵和*横和/总和 2*O*LN(O/E) 求和=G 值
2、下面是一组随机抽样调查女性月经周期的数据,检测女性平均月经周期等于农历月(29.5天)的假设是否成立。

月经周期数据:22, 28, 24, 29, 33, 25, 26, 23, 30, 28, 27, 29, 26, 29, 32 and 27 days t = -2.80 df = 15 P = 0.0133 < 0.05 差异显著
Statistics-Basic statistics-(t-text dependent)-选样本(左数据,右平均值)-ok-summary (单因子)
T 检验:用于比较两个平均数的差异是否显著。

(相关选dependent )(独立选independent ) Statistics-Basic statistics-(t-text dependent)-选样本-ok-summary (单因子)
Statistics-Basic statistics-(t-text independent 竖的箭头)-选样本-ok-summary (多因子)
班级: 学号: 姓名: 装 订 线
3、用G 检验检测下面2 4联表中人类头发颜色的频次分布是否与性别无关。

Hair color
Total
Black
Brown Blond Red Male 70 90 20 20 200 Female
110
130
126
34
400
G = 37.75 > 7.81; df = 3; P < 0.05; 人类发色频次分布与性别有关。

4、右表是某两种鸟翼长的抽样数据,试分别用t-检验、Mann-Whitney 秩检验和单因子方差分析检测两种鸟的翼长是否存在差异
t = 4.716, df = 16, P = 0.000233 差异显著 U = 4 P = 0.00138 差异显著 6A < B
T 检验: Statistics-Basic statistics-(t-text independent 竖的箭头)-选样本-ok-summary
U 检验:Statistics-Nonparametrics-comparing two independent samples-选样本(左数据,右组别)
-M-W U text (2个因子)
Species A Species B 31.6 42.2 33.4 44.0 34.2 42.2 35.9 44.0 37.2 42.2 40.0 44.0 40.2 42.2 43.4 44.0 47.5
49.3
5、请填写以下未完成的表格并用Mann-Whitney 检验由两个助教指导的学生是否具有相同的学业表现
U = 73; P = 0.101; 差异不显著
U 检验:Statistics-Nonparametrics-comparing two independent samples-选样本(左数据,右组别)
-M-W U text (2个因子)
6. 抽测某渔场16次放养记录,结果如表(x1:投饵量,x2:放养量 y :鱼产量。

单位:kg )。

试求:
x1 9.5 8.0 9.5 9.8 9.7 13.5 9.5 12.5 9.4 11.4 7.7 8.3 12.5 8.0 6.5 12.9 x2 1.9 2.0 2.6 2.7 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.2 3.3 2.3 3.6 2.1 2.5 2.4 3.2
1.9 y
7.1
6.4
10.4
10.9
7.0
10.0
7.9
9.3
12.8
7.5
10.3
6.6
9.5
7.7
7.0
9.5
[1] 鱼产量对投饵量、放养量的线性回归方程。

y = 0.584x1+2.964x2-4.349
[2] 复相关系数和x1、x2的偏相关系数。

0.823 x1: 0.655 x2:0.819
Teaching assistant A Teaching assistant B Grade Rank of grade
Grade Rank of grade
A+ 1 A 4 A 4 A 4 A 4 A 4 A -
8 B + 10 A - 8 B 12 A - 8 B 12 B 12 B - 14 C + 15.5 D 25 C + 15.5 D 25 C 18.5 D 25 C 18.5 D 25 C 18.5 D 25 C 18.5 D - 29 C - 21.5 D - 29 C -
21.5
D -
29
5.线性回归方程: Statistics-Multiple Regression-选样本(左y右x)-ok-summary
结果:线性回归方程。

y = 0.584x1+2.964x2-4.349
复相关系数和x1、x2的偏相关系数:0.823 x1: 0.655 x2:0.819
二、综合统计分析
附录是孵化温度对某种卵生变温动物卵孵化和孵出幼体特征的影响的数据。

要求将该组数据粘贴到统计软件包,以便于做以下统计分析
1、试用G-检验检测28 ︒C孵出的幼体性比是否偏离1:1
G = 0.291 < 3.84 df = 1 P > 0.05; 未偏离1: 1性比
2、试用以孵化热环境和性别为因子的双因子方差分析分别显示不同孵化热环境温度、不同性别,以及孵化热环境与性别的交互作用对孵化时间(DINC)的影响
temp: F3, 116 = 23.7; P < 0.001
sex: F1, 116 = 0.1; P = 0.728
temp*sex: F3, 116 = 5.0; P = 0.00261
Statistics-ANOV A-Factorial AMOV A-选样本(左DINC右SEX,TEMP)-OK- All effects
3、填充下表,随后用恰当的统计方法比较四个温度处理下的入孵卵重的平均值是否存在差异
Temperature Valid N Mean Median Range Standard
deviation
Standard
error
24 ︒C 31 17.8 17.6 12.6 3.28 0.59 26 ︒C 31 18.3 19.4 8.8 2.71 0.49 28 ︒C 31 18.3 17.5 10.5 2.88 0.52 30 ︒C 31 18.2 17.2 9.2 2.45 0.44
F 3, 120 = 0.177; P = 0.912
Statistics-Basic Statistics-Descriptive Statistics-选样本(IEM)-select cases (Tem=24)-OK-Summary
Statistics-ANOV A-one way-选样本(左IEM 右TEM)-ok-All effects
4、请以初生卵重为协变量、孵化热环境为因子的单因子协方差分析填充以下表格,并检验孵化温度是否显著影响表中两个幼体变量
variable
平行性(斜率)检验的F 值和显著
性水平
(F value and significance levels for
slopes ) 截距检验的F 值和显著性
水平
(F value and significance levels for intercepts ) SVL F 3,116 = 2.056; P = 0.110 F 3, 119 = 1.341; P = 0.264 HWM
F 3,116 = 1.791; P = 0.153
F 3, 119 = 0.757; P = 0.520
5、请以幼体体长SVL 为协变量、孵化热环境为因子的单因子协方差分析填充以下表格,并检验孵化温度是否显著影响表中两个幼体变量,并检验矫正后的头长HL 和头宽HW 在四个温度下的差异(用Tukey’s post hoc 多重比较)
variable
平行性(斜率)检验的F 值和显著性水平 (F value and significance levels for slopes ) 截距检验的F 值和显著性
水平
(F value and significance
levels for intercepts )
HL F 3,116 = 0.943; P = 0.423 F 3,119 = 1.432; P = 0.237 HW
F 3,116 = 1.024; P = 0.385
F 3,119 = 149.84; P < 0.0001
HL: no differences
HW: 24︒C b ; 26︒C a ; 28︒C b ; 30︒C c (a > b > c)
平行性:Statistics-Advanced linear-General Linear-Homogeneity of slops-ok-选样本(左:HL 中:单
因子Tem 右:协变量SVL)-OK-All effects
截距检验:Statistics-Advanced linear-General Linear-Analysis of covariance-选样本(左:HL中:单因子Tem 右:协变量SVL)-OK-All effects
p黑色,无差异。

共同斜率:Statistics-Advanced linear-General Linear-Analysis of covariance-选样本(左:HW中:单因子Tem 右:协变量SVL)-OK-more result-summart-coeficient
K=0.087217
Y'=y-k(x-平均值)
将校正后的的HW'复制到SATISTICA,
Statistics-ANOV A-one way-选样本(左HW' 右TEM)-ok-more result-Post hoc-Tukey Hsd
(2)26 a
(1)24 b
(3)28 b
(4)30 c
6、请用主成分分析(特征值 0.5)检测从四个温度孵出的幼体是否存在形态表型变异。

各处理卵大小效应用入孵卵重与各有关变量的回归剩余值去除。

要求(1) 填写下表(2)显示各区分出的向量中起主要作用的形态变量
variable
factor loading
Factor (PC) 1 Factor (PC) 2 Factor (PC) 3
SVL 0.822527 -0.232534 -0.242172
HWM 0.839207 -0.163942 -0.217526
HL 0.578006 0.289050 0.762791
HW 0.175007 0.924389 -0.338017 variance explained (%) 43.6384 25.4748 20.0518
1.Statisticas-Multiple Regession-选变量
(SVL/HWM/HL/HW,IEM-OK-continue-continue-OK-OK-summary:Residuals
将四个变量的Residuals 复制到excel,取最后四行,求的每列绝对值的最大值,复制,计算:变量/绝对值的最大值,将计算好的复制到Statistics。

2.Statistics -Multivariate Exploratory Techniques-Factor analysis -max写4,min按题目特征值写0.5-OK-summary:Factory loadings
Appendix: The effects of incubation temperature on incubation length and hatchlings of a hypothetic ectotherm
Temperature孵化温度: Incubation temperature
SEX孵出幼体性别: The sex of hatchlings; 1 = female and 2 = male
DINC孵化时间: Days of incubation
IEM入孵卵重: Initial egg mass in gram
SVL幼体体长: Hatchling snout-vent length
HWM幼体湿重: Hatchling wet mass in gram
HL幼体头长: Hatchling head length
HW幼体头宽: Hatchling head width
Temperature( C)SEX DINC IEM SVL HWM HL HW
24 1 56.5 21.6695 29.45 17.28895 16.075 7.51
24 1 56.3 21.9125 29.95 17.5112 16.01 7.69
24 1 55 22.2103 30.4 16.9094 15.68 7.41
24 1 57.7 15.082 28.3 13.7737 14.9 7.73
24 1 54 15.8062 27.2 12.6989 14.61 7.03
24 1 56.8 17.777 29 16.0233 15.33 6.86
24 1 57.4 18.079 29.1 16.0276 15.64 6.96
24 1 54.1 18.6945 28.45 14.3768 15.58 7.22
24 1 57.3 18.913 26 15.8917 14.65 7.08
24 1 56 20.911 30.3 15.5179 15.96 7.16
24 1 55.8 21.64 25.6 8.9854 14.78 6.95
24 1 56.5 21.6695 29.45 17.28895 16.075 7.51
24 1 56.3 21.9125 29.95 17.5112 16.01 7.69
24 1 55 22.2103 30.4 16.9094 15.68 7.41
24 2 56.5 11.557 24.8 10.969 16.22 7.06
24 2 57.4 13.642 25.7 10.5242 15.31 7.09
24 2 56.2 15.597 26.7 12.738 15.47 7.095
24 2 56.5 11.557 24.8 10.969 16.22 7.06
24 2 57.4 13.642 25.7 10.5242 15.31 7.09
24 2 56.2 15.597 26.7 12.738 15.47 7.095
24 2 58.8 15.617 28.4 14.2492 16.07 7.46
24 2 57 15.7666 26.2 12.1284 14.88 7.35
24 2 57 16.207 28.5 14.8152 15.28 7.38
24 2 54.7 16.362 27.6 13.0691 15.335 7.18
24 2 59.8 16.491 29 15.3597 15.78 7.56
24 2 56.9 16.633 27.6 14.2794 15.87 7.5
24 2 54.1 16.6925 26.25 12.92645 15.07 7.165
24 2 58 17.553 28.6 14.9904 15.78 7.24
24 2 56.9 17.907 28.7 15.2659 15.52 7.38
24 2 55.2 19.457 28.05 14.5001 16.31 7.38
24 2 55.9 24.143 28.5 18.1392 16.69 8.14
26 1 58.5 14.893 28.1 13.2421 15.47 7.44
26 1 58.3 15.9787 26.3 12.1756 14.77 7.05 26 1 58.9 15.98 26.7 12.5624 14.9 6.99 26 1 64.4 16.948 28.2 14.3329 15.65 7.37 26 1 57.5 18.598 28.4 14.2206 15.78 7.85 26 1 60.2 19.936 29.75 15.2654 16.105 7.27 26 1 59.4 20.548 29.1 15.2302 16.48 7.87 26 1 61 21.342 28.7 17.3309 15.93 7.55 26 1 59.2 21.491 30.25 16.9473 15.59 7.66 26 1 59.4 20.548 29.1 15.2302 16.48 7.87 26 1 61 21.342 28.7 17.3309 15.93 7.55 26 1 59.2 21.491 30.25 16.9473 15.59 7.66 26 2 62.3 14.71 27 12.0384 16.37 7.24 26 2 62.7 14.883 27.2 13.3646 15.7 7.01 26 2 54.8 15.4331 26.3 11.9724 14.89 7.36 26 2 62.3 14.71 27 12.0384 16.37 7.24 26 2 62.7 14.883 27.2 13.3646 15.7 7.01 26 2 54.8 15.4331 26.3 11.9724 14.89 7.36 26 2 58.4 15.996 27.5 12.7582 15.75 7.66 26 2 60.5 16.23533 26.5 12.87857 15.60667 7.503333 26 2 59.3 16.287 28.3 14.2789 15.44 7.26 26 2 61.3 19.3705 29.35 16.5613 16.19 7.54 26 2 57.7 19.548 28.7 15.3173 16.22 7.28 26 2 61 19.66 29.5 16.9577 16.18 7.7 26 2 60.2 19.9505 28.95 15.71365 16.43 7.595 26 2 58.6 19.991 28.5 15.4961 16.2 7.77 26 2 60.2 20.2765 27.7 16.6347 15.88 7.59 26 2 59.5 20.445 28.05 16.9468 16.085 7.945 26 2 60.2 21.585 29.9 16.9128 16.47 8.2 26 2 60.5 23.55117 30.4 17.499 16.25 7.736667 28 1 59.7 15.817 27.8 12.6005 15.53 7.41 28 1 63.3 15.925 27.5 14.5101 15.21 7.34 28 1 54.8 16.9209 26.8 12.7585 15.16 6.8 28 1 60.7 16.9505 28.8 14.95745 15.325 6.835 28 1 56.7 17.4815 26.25 12.43105 15.455 7.21 28 1 58.4 17.8895 28.45 13.30315 15.935 7.27 28 1 58.8 20.02 29.6 15.6374 16.25 7.66 28 1 60 20.641 29.2 15.5225 15.71 7.64 28 1 60.3 20.94 29.1 16.5844 15.94 7.4 28 1 59.4 21.169 29.3 16.0653 15.62 7.07 28 1 59 22.07315 29.55 17.31175 15.82 7.21 28 1 60.3 20.94 29.1 16.5844 15.94 7.4 28 1 59.4 21.169 29.3 16.0653 15.62 7.07 28 1 59 22.07315 29.55 17.31175 15.82 7.21
28 2 60.7 14.529 25.36667 10.9954 15.39667 7.23 28 2 56.3 16.1529 26.6 12.3182 15.38 7.11 28 2 61 12.51 24.8 9.2968 14.87 6.9 28 2 60.7 14.529 25.36667 10.9954 15.39667 7.23 28 2 56.3 16.1529 26.6 12.3182 15.38 7.11 28 2 58.1 16.285 27.3 12.2663 15.61 7.44 28 2 63.2 16.702 28.3 14.6233 15.68 7.3 28 2 63.7 17.069 27 14.6218 16.38 7.14 28 2 61.01 17.141 27.8 14.6133 15.67 6.88 28 2 60.5 17.283 27.5 14.3285 15.57 7.29 28 2 60.4 19.689 27.4 15.515 15.79 7.66 28 2 59.3 19.877 28.7 14.90635 15.86 7.86 28 2 61.1 20.749 27.8 14.5544 15.6 7.39 28 2 60.5 20.896 27.15 16.6658 15.385 7.45 28 2 61 21.6395 28.9 17.54285 16.02 7.635 28 2 58.7 23.018 28.2 16.95315 16.425 7.85 30 1 59.3 13.155 26.75 10.2359 15.195 5.98 30 1 59.7 15.7845 27.85 14.06405 15.49 6.29 30 1 53.2 15.9025 27.1 11.9739 15.7 5.68 30 1 61 16.206 27.6 14.5325 15.51 5.99 30 1 56.6 16.251 28.2 12.7812 15.38 6.03 30 1 60.1 17.017 29.1 15.3843 15.77 6.32 30 1 61.2 17.052 28.9 14.97 15.485 6.17 30 1 61 16.206 27.6 14.5325 15.51 5.99 30 1 56.6 16.251 28.2 12.7812 15.38 6.03 30 1 60.1 17.017 29.1 15.3843 15.77 6.32 30 1 61.2 17.052 28.9 14.97 15.485 6.17 30 2 57.5 19.1215 29.4 14.62175 15.755 6.375 30 2 55.4 19.2715 28.55 14.7748 16.31 6.255 30 2 57.5 19.1215 29.4 14.62175 15.755 6.375 30 2 55.4 19.2715 28.55 14.7748 16.31 6.255 30 2 56.6 19.426 27.6 16.4876 15.49 6.22 30 2 56.3 20.212 28.3 14.9467 16.16 6.63 30 2 57.6 20.9655 30.1 17.08515 16.185 6.41 30 2 58.5 21.689 29.2 16.4846 15.64 6.44 30 2 59.3 14.7755 27.3 13.423 15.67 6.26 30 2 54.8 15.3617 25.4 11.6882 15.46 6.11 30 2 54.9 15.509 26.65 12.47545 15.37 6.47 30 2 55.9 16.054 27.55 13.2197 15.465 6.2 30 2 57.6 17.2231 25.75 12.5519 15.005 6.305 30 2 56.8 19.4705 28.5 14.53575 16.065 6.35 30 2 55.9 19.919 28.7 15.3501 16.14 6.61 30 2 57.2 20.49 27.3 16.3801 15.96 6.305
30 2 56.2 21.224 25.3 15.8918 15.78 6.53 30 2 57 21.355 28.6 16.7445 16.04 6.83 30 2 56.9 22.018 28.2 15.5141 16.34 6.61 30 2 57.4 22.3236 28.9 17.10695 16.85 6.57
《环境统计学》试题A参考答案及评分标准(第11页共11页)。

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