美国文学选读诗歌赏析
美国文学选读 诗歌鉴赏
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Henry Wadsworth LongfellowI Shot an ArrowI shot an arrow into the air,我把一支箭射向空中It fell to earth I knew not where;不知它落在何方For so swiftly it flew the sight飞得那么快Could not follow it in its flight飞行.眼睛难以追寻它的方向I breathed a song into the air,我对着天空轻轻唱歌It fell to earth I knew not where;不知它消逝在何方For who has the sight so keen and strong谁的眼光能如此敏锐犀利That can follow the flight of a song.能跟上歌声的翅膀Long, long afterwards in an oak,很久很久以后,在一棵橡树上I found the arrow still unbroke 完整的;我找到了那支箭,仍未折断And the song, from beginning to end,也发现了那支歌,自始自终I found again in the heart of a friend.在朋友的心中欢唱Analysis:When he shot an arrow and breathed a song into the air, he did not expect to find them any more.But many years later, he came across with the arrow and found that his song was always in the heart of his friend.This suggests that the friendship is everlasting.This poem is written in a traditional iambic form with the feet “aabb aacc ddee”.In the poem, Longfellow sings the friendship implicitly and skillfully.The arrow and the song in this poem stand for the friendship.Structurally, the first and the second stanza develop in a parallel way, yet in the last stanza the poet joins the two independent images logically together to indicate the strength of fantastic conceit in poetry.A Psalm of Life 人生颂Tell me not, in mornful numbers不要在哀伤的诗句里告诉我:"Life is but an empty dream!"“人生不过是一场幻梦!”For the soul is dead that slumbers因为灵魂睡着了,就等于死了,And things are not what they seem.事物的真相与外表不同。
美国文学14讲-诗歌赏析
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3 The Wild Honey Suckle(P29)The Wild Honey SucklePhilip FreneauFair flower, that dost so comely grow, Hid in this silent, dull retreat, Untouched thy honied blossoms blow, Unseen thy little branches greet:No roving foot shall crush thee here,No busy hand provoke a tear.By Nature's self in whitearrayed,She bade thee shun the vulgar eye,And planted here the guardian shade, And sent soft waters murmuring by; Thus quietly thy summer goes,Thy days declining to repose,Smit with those charms, that must decay, I grieve to see your future doom;They died - nor were those flowers more gay,The flowers that did in Eden bloom;Unpitying frosts, and Autumn's powerShall leave no vestige of this flower.From morning suns and evening dewsAt first thy little being came:If nothing once, you nothing lose,For when you die you are the same;The space between, is but an hour,The frail duration of a flower.1st stanza:The honey suckle lives an obscure, unknown, forgotten, serene, and safe life.2nd stanza:The pure, innocent honey suckle is not contaminated by the vulgar eye of people and protected, embraced, and nurtured by Nature.3rd stanza: grief upon the flower’s death4th stanza: nothing gained, nothing lost4. Success is counted sweetestSuccess is counted sweetestBy those who ne’er succeed.To comprehend a nectarRequires sorest need.Not one of all the purple HostWho took the Flag to-dayCan tell the definition,So clear, of victory,As he, defeated, dying,On whose forbidden earThe distant strains of triumphBurst agonized and clear!Interpretation:1. Only those who desire success most can tell howsweet it is; and people who easily obtain success can hardly realize what it really means.2. Even though the old-time fighters could not taste thesweetness of victory in all their life, they are thosewho know what success really is. Compared with the present easy success winners, they deserve more respect.3. In consideration of the poetess’s life experience andher temperament, here in this poem she may imply her determination to pursue or quest her ideal even though her value was not recognized at her time. That is to say, she firmly believes that even she was regarded as a loser at her time (few poems were published in her life), she herself clearly knows where she stands.4. In a broader sense, the little poem can serve as apiece of encouragement for those who are struggling for and pursuing their dreams and ideals---- if what you are fighting for is meaningful, don’t give up, no matter what the result is. The easy success is not so sweet.5. The Soul Selects Her Own SocietyThe Soul selects her own Society---Then---shuts the door---To her divine Majority---Present no more---Unmoved ---she motes the Chariots---pausing---At her low Gate---Unmoved---an Emperor be kneelingUpon her Mat---I’ve known her---from an ample nation---Choose One---Then---close the Valves or her attention---Like Stone---1) the soul made its choice and wanted no more. Thisshowed her resolution and determination.2) Unmoved by any other temptation3) Since I have made my choice, I will stick to it and willnever be tempted by other things.Soul, one: art , poetry, love, ideal。
〔美国〕惠特曼《哀歌》爱情诗赏析
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〔美国〕惠特曼《哀歌》爱情诗赏析〔美国〕惠特曼《哀歌》爱情诗鉴赏〔美国〕惠特曼抚爱! 抚爱! 抚爱!后浪亲密地抚爱着前浪,后面又有另一个浪头,拥抱着,冲击着,一个紧卷着一个,但我的爱侣,却不来抚爱我,不来抚爱我!迟上的月亮低垂在天边,步履蹒跚地走着,——啊,我想它负着爱的重荷,负着爱的重荷。
啊,海洋也正疯狂地,和陆地亲吻,满怀着爱,满怀着爱。
啊,清夜哟! 我不是看见我的爱侣在浪头上飞翔么?在白浪中的那小小的一点影子是什么呢?大声吧! 大声吧! 大声吧!我大声叫唤着你,我的爱侣哟!我把我的声音高昂而分明的向着海浪投去,你一定会知道谁在这里,在这里,你一定会知道我是谁,你,我的爱侣哟!你低垂的月亮,在你的黄光中,那小小的黑点是什么呀?啊,那是她的影子,那是我的爱人的影子!啊,月亮哟,别再扣留她使她不能回到我这里。
陆地哟! 陆地哟! 陆地哟!无论我走到哪里去,啊,我总想着,你能够把我的爱侣送回来,只要你愿意,因为无论我向哪里看,我好像真的在朦胧中看见了我的爱侣。
啊,你高空的星星哟!也许我这样渴想着的人正跟着你们一同升起,一同升起。
啊,你歌喉,你颤抖着的歌喉哟!在大气中发出更清晰的歌声吧!让你的声音深入大地,穿透树林!我渴望着的人,一定会在什么地方听见你!扬起歌声吧,这孤寂的夜歌,这凄凉寂寞的爱与死的歌声哟,在步履沉重的,淡黄的残月下的歌声,啊,差不多要沉坠到大海里的残月下的歌声哟! 啊,纵情的绝望的歌声哟!但是柔和些,放低声音吧!让我低声细语,你停一停吧,你喧闹的海洋,因为我好像听见我的爱人在什么地方答应我,这样轻微,我必得安静,安静地倾听,但又不要完全静寂,因为那样她也许就不会即刻到我这里来。
到这里来吧,我的爱人哟!我在这里,这里哟!我用这种持续的音调招唤着你,我发出这温柔的叫唤是为你呀,我的爱人,是为你呀。
别又被误引到别的地方去了,那是海风呼啸,那不是我的呼声。
那是浪花的激荡,激荡,那是树叶的影子。
美国经典诗歌赏析
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美国经典诗歌赏析 1、《致命的爱》My love is like a red, red roseThat's newly sprung in June;My love is like the melodyThat's sweetly played in tune.So fair art thou, my bonnie lass,So deep in love am I;And I will love thee still, my dear,Till all the seas gang dry.Till all the seas gang dry, my dear,And the rocks melt with the sun;I will love thee still, my dear,While the sands of life shall run.And fare thee weel, my only loveAnd fare thee weel a while!And I will come again, my love,Though it were ten thousand mile.2、《西湖》The lake is wide and still,The mountains high and steep,The clouds are white and billowy,The sky is deep and blue.The trees are tall and green,The grass is soft and lush,The flowers are bright and fragrant,The birds are singing sweet.The sun is warm and bright,The breeze is cool and gentle,The waves are lapping softly,The air is fresh and pure.The lake is a place of beauty,A place of peace and serenity,A place to rest and relax,A place to find solace.。
美国文学期末考试作品赏析
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美国文学期末考试作品赏析The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.1.what is the location of this story?2.the atmosphere and the history of this area?3.who is the protagonist of this story?4.what is the main conflict?"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is a short story by Washington Irving contained in his collection The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., written while he was living in Birmingham, England, and first published in 1820. With Irving's companion piece "Rip Van Winkle", "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is among the earliest examples of American fiction still read today.The story is set circa 1790 in the Dutch settlement of Tarry Town, New York, in a secluded glen called Sleepy Hollow. It tells the story of Ichabod Crane, a lean, lanky, and extremely superstitious schoolmaster from Connecticut, who competes with Abraham "Brom Bones" Van Brunt, the town rowdy, for the hand of 18-year-old Katrina Van Tassel, the daughter and sole child of a wealthy farmer. As Crane leaves a party he attended at the Van Tassel home on an autumn night, he is pursued by the Headless Horseman, who is supposedly the ghost of a Hessian trooper who had his head shot off by a stray cannonball during "some nameless battle" of the American Revolutionary War, and who "rides forth to the scene of battle in nightly quest of his head". Ichabod mysteriously disappears from town, leaving Katrina to marry Brom Bones, who was "to look exceedingly knowing whenever the story of Ichabod was related".The dénouement of the fictional tale is set at the bridge over the Pocantico River in the area of the Old Dutch Church andBurying Ground in Sleepy Hollow. The characters of Ichabod Crane and Katrina Van Tassel may have been based on local residents known to the author. The character of Katrina is thought to have been based upon Eleanor Van Tassel Brush, in which case her name is derived from that of Eleanor's aunt Catriena Ecker Van Tessel.Although Irving knew an army colonel named Ichabod Crane from Staten Island, New York (who was also once the Commanding Officer of Lieutenant Stonewall Jackson), the character in "The Legend" may have been patterned after Jesse Merwin, who taught at the local schoolhouse in Kinderhook, further north along the Hudson River, where Irving spent several months in 1809.the wild honey suckle 的分析《野金银花》是Freneau在南卡罗莱纳州查尔斯顿散步时,看到一簇幽生的金银花,于是便有感而发,将这首短诗一气呵成。
外国诗歌赏析:《湖上夜钓》[美国]勃莱
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外国诗歌赏析:《湖上夜钓》[美国]勃莱罗伯特·勃莱《作者简介》罗伯特·勃莱(Robert Bly)1926年生于明尼苏达州,毕业于哈佛大学,第二次大战时曾在美海军服役,一生中长期住在明尼苏达西部的农村,以投稿、经营出版刊物、朗诵诗的收入为生。
他有意放弃了许多美国诗人乐意追求的大学教书的机会,认为只有在艰苦的农村生活才能够接近群众、接近大自然,才能给诗歌创作带来丰富的生活素材。
从50年代开始,他主编的刊物“五十年代”(后改名为“六十年代”、“七十年代”)在美国诗歌界有相当大的影响。
60年代中期,勃莱积极参加社会政治活动,倡议成立了“美国作家反对越南战争联盟”,并且创作了许多反战的诗篇,在全国各地的群众集会上朗诵。
《湖上夜钓》原文有人在船屋里留下一盏灯,为了引导夜间返航的渔民。
灯火寂然无声地向我们倾注,飞过湖波像一个翅膀的蝴蝶,它的途径是满船的垂死者,挣扎着要在破碎的波光中复活。
而那光只是来到了,却没有带来礼物,好像骆驼到了,却没有智慧的博士①。
它这样稳定,将我们维系向山上的老家。
现在我们望着月亮升上白杨林它也来得那么利索它透过切木屋四周的木板我们却打开门才穿过那个篱墙。
(郑敏译)注释:① 博士,指基督诞生之夜带着礼物来朝拜的博士。
【赏析】作为一个创作力旺盛的老诗人,勃莱的写作是和翻译介绍并行前进的,并具有不同于纯诗主义者们的显著特征。
他在诗作中经常将其精神世界同他对人生、对世界的看法紧密联系在一起,因此,不难理解他为何拒绝单纯的大学教书生活,以翻译和朗诵为生。
勃莱的“深度意象”与意象主义及超现实主义都有密切联系,却又并非两者的翻版,他在诗歌中将现实世界与精神世界通过“深度意象”联系起来的创作手法为许多后来的诗人效仿,《湖上夜钓》便是这一理念的诠释。
同其大多数作品一样,这首诗也是从外在的客观物象开始,“有人在船屋里留下一盏灯,/为了引导夜间返航的渔民”。
“灯”是贯穿全诗高度凝练的意象,“引导”是其主要功能。
英美文学欣赏诗歌赏析合集
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1.A Red, Red Rose Robert Burns1) 总分析it is a very popular poem for his beautiful words and sound, using many key poetic devices to describe his eternal and passionate love. He describes his passion andemotion using a lot of imagery, symbolism, rhyme, and repetition which appeals to the senses including the heart 2)Theme : The speaker loves the young lady beyond measure through vivid similes and hyperbolic comparisons.Love: —express speaker's powerful, undying love-is lasting,real,awesomely awesome. Nature: Rocks, seas, sand, roses —many nature.Time: "A Red, Red Rose" has time on its side.3) Structure: a)Stanza1: compare his sweet heart as a red rose and sweet music.b)Stanza2-3 : swear that he will love her for ever, and assure that he will never change his heart.c)Stanza4: assure his lover that he will leave for a short time but will come back no matter how far it is.4) Form: Scottish Folklore, short lines, strong rhythm. The first and third lines have 8 syllables and the second and fourth lines have 6 syllable in the first two stanzas and 7syllables in the second two stanzas. Rhyming abab. Use simile to express the strong affection which can not be controlled. And use repetition to intensify his emotion.5)Meter:This one's a classic, so it's no wonder it uses some of the most classic forms in allof poetry and music. "A Red, Red Rose" is written partly in ballad meter (the first eight lines) and partly in common meter (the last eight lines). It alternates between iambic tetrameter in the odd-numbered lines and iambic trimeter in the even-numbered ones. Aline of iambic tetrameter consists of four (tetra-) iambs, a foot that contains an unstressedsyllable followed by a stressed syllable. Line 5 is a great example: As fair art thou, mybonn-ie lass. Iambic trimeter, as you might have already guessed, is the same as iambic tetrameter, except there are three (tri-) iambs instead of four, as in line 2: That's new-lysprung in June. But line 10, It has seven syllables, when it should have six. Let's assumethe line's first foot is not an iamb but an anapest. If we scan the line in the following way,we have a line of neat, flowing trimeter: And the rocks melt wi' the sun.2.I Wondered Lonely as A Cloud William Wordsworth1) Theme: N ature's beauty uplifts the human spirit. Lines 15, 23, and 24 specifically refer tothis theme; P eople sometimes fail to appreciate nature's wonders as they go about theirdaily routines. Lines 17 and 18 suggest this theme; N a ture thrives unattended. The daffodils proliferate in splendor along the shore of the lake without the need for humanattention.2) Genre :Lyric p oem3) Rhyme Skill :ababcc, efefgg, hihikk, lmlmnnRhetoric( 修辞):Simile 明喻,personification 拟人,hyperbole 夸张,alliteration 头韵。
美国文学选读诗歌赏析(可打印修改)
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One’s Self I SingThis poem was published as “Inscription” in Leaves of Grass (1867) and given its present title in 1871. According to Whitman’s plan, the poem is printed first in his book.As the title is “One’s Self,” not “Myself”, this already forms the bond between the reader and writer which again it’s what he is conveying in the poem.In the first stanza, the speaker sings of a simple separate person, but the alliteration lends more powerful symbolism to the words. The repetition seems to indicate that perhaps what he sings is not so simple at all. The poem celebrates the “simple, separate Person” as a physical, moral, intellectual, emotional, and aesthetical being, but declares that when he sings of himself, he uses the “word En-masse” to show that he represents the modern man. While he is one voice, he is speaking for a lot of people.In the second stanza, the theme changes when the poet refers to the spirit and physical body, and wisdom. Whitman tells us that he speaks for all colors, classes and creeds. He seems to be telling us to live together like one, accepting all. All organs in the body need others to function properly. No person can live without relying on the complete system.In the last stanza, the poet hammers us with alliteration. Though modern man fights for his freedom and individuality, the greatest freedom he has is his right to live.Altough Whitman consistently celebrated an average man, he was probably feeling his unique qualities. Divided between faith in democratic equality and belief in the individual rebel against society’s restrictions, he combined the figure of the average man and the superman in his conception of himself. He certainly differed in the hypersensitivity that made him as zealous in pursuing emotional freedom through love as he had been in pursuing social freedom in democracy. He differed also in his frequent, forceful declarations of his democratic love for man (The Female equally with the Male I sing), and he has been considered a homosexual.Fire and IceDesire and hate, believed by some to be the two largest faults of the human race. Robert Frost explains these two ideas in only nine lines. “Fire and Ice” is a perfect example of juxtaposition between fire and ice, or, desire and hate. Both are believed to destroy a person if they succumb to its hold.Frost begins with saying that some believe the world will end in fire, some believe ice. In other words, some believe that those who desire too much will perish; others believe that hating so much as to put their whole self into it will have the same result. Frost did not mean that having either of these faults meant physical death, more of a death of the spirit. Those who desire things such as power or wealth soon think of nothing else and lose all touch with everything around them; those who hate never enjoy life and lose touch with what truly matters in life. With either one, theperson who suffers from it exists, but does not live.Throughout the poem Frost also uses a rhyming scheme to separate the two ideas, every word coinciding with fire rhymes, “fire”and “desire,”and everything that coincides with ice rhymes also, “ice,”“twice,”“hate,” and “great.” It helps to emphasize the difference between the two, showing that, although they’re completely different, they have the same affect. “Fire and ice” was inspired by a passage in Canto 32 of Dante’s Inferno, in which the worst offenders of hell, the traitors, are submerged, while in a fiery hell, up to their necks in ice: “a lake so bound with ice, It did not look like water, but like a glass…right clear I saw, where sinners are preserved in ice.”Frost’s diction also notes that people who commit sins of desire are more common than people who commit sins of hate as it uses the pronoun “those” to describe people who commit sins of desire, suggesting plurality, and that the speaker himself has tasted it before. With his discussion of hatred, there is no mention of his having experienced it, leaving the reader to ponder whether his knowledge of hatred comes mostly from contemplation (“I think I know”) and not from experience.。
美国文学诗歌名篇翻译赏析
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美国文学诗歌名篇翻译赏析第一篇:美国文学诗歌名篇翻译赏析I shot an arrow……我射出一支箭……---Henry Wadsworth LongfellowI shot an arrow into the air,我把一支箭射向空中It fell to earth I knew not where;不知它落在何方For so swiftly it flew the sight飞得那么快Could not follow it in its fight.眼睛难以追寻它的方向I breathed a song into the air,我对着天空轻轻唱歌It fell to earth I knew not where;不知它消逝在何方For who has the sight so keen and strong谁的眼光能如此敏锐犀利That can follow the flight of a song.能跟上歌声的翅膀Long, long afterwards in an oak,很久很久以后,在一棵橡树上I found the arrow still unbroke;我找到了那支箭,仍未折断And the song, from beginning to end,也发现了那支歌,自始自终I found again in the heart of a friend.在朋友的心中欢唱This poem is written in a traditional iambic form with the feet “aabb aacc ddee”.In the poem, Longfellow sings the friendship implicitly and skillfully.The arrow and the song in this poem stand for the friendship.When he shot an arrow and breathed a song into the air, he did not expect to find them any more.But many years later, he came across with the arrow and found that hissong was always in the heart of his friend.This suggests that the friendship is everlasting.I’m Nobody!我是无名之辈Emily DickinsonI’m nobody!Who are you?我是无名之辈!你是谁?Are you nobody, too?你也是无名之辈吗?Then there’s a pair of us----don’t tell!那么我们就是一对儿了!千万不要透露出去They’d banish us, you know!不然我们都会被他们驱逐,你知道。
美国文学欣赏7,8 A clean....20th poets
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The imagists wanted( the three principles):] 1. Direct treatment: the subject of the poem must be expressed in such a way as to resemble it and reproduce it as closely as possible. Simple language must be used to create an "image", which the reader can immediately see in his own imagination. Each word must be used with great exactness to produce a precise image and nothing more.
山林女神 大海,旋翻吧,---旋起你针松般细浪, 溅起你松树般巨浪 拍打我们的岩石, 把你的碧波绿浪向我们投来, 用你冷杉般旋涡把我们覆盖.
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Belong to free verse(20th)( 4 categ.) 1. Imagism( 意象主义): Pound, Williams, H.D., Amy Lowell, etc. 2. Visual verse(视觉诗): Cummings 3. Onomatopoetic poetry(拟音诗) Williams, etc. 4. Prose poem(散文诗) Ginsburg
Parody: Our father who art in Heaven, hallowed be thy Name, (Our Nothing who art in Nothing, nothing be thy name) Thy kingdom come, thy will be done, in Earth as it in Heaven, ( thy kingdom nothing, thy will be nothing, in nothing as it is in nothing) Give us this day our daily bread, and forgive us our debts as we forgive our debtors, ( Give us this nothing our daily nothing, and nothing us our nothings, as we nothing our nothings) But deliver us from evil. ( but deliver us from nothing)
高中英语Unit10 American literature文章 惠特曼诗选作品赏析人教版第三册
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惠特曼诗选作品赏析纵观《草叶集》,我们发现这300多首诗中贯穿了一条主线,即诗人的民主精神。
正是这种资产阶级民主精神决定了诗人对具体事物的立场和态度。
惠特曼的民主精神首先表现在他的废奴立场上。
他生活的时代正是美国社会阶级矛盾日益尖锐的时期。
随着资本主义文明的迅速发展,蓄奴制成了资本主义社会的最大障碍。
惠特曼从小受家庭的影响,具有比较深刻的民主主义思想。
因此,当北方以雇佣劳动为基础的资本主义制度同南方以奴隶劳动为基础的奴隶制度尖锐冲突时,他顺应历史潮流,坚决参加废奴运动,用诗文表明了自己的观点和立场。
诗人的民主精神还表现在他对普通劳动人民的态度和立场上。
诗人多次提出,他所以把诗集取名为“草叶集”,就因为草叶象征一切平凡普通的东西和平凡普通的人。
一反当时美国文坛脱离人民、脱离生活的陈腐贵族倾向,惠特曼第一次把目光放在普通人、放在日常生活上。
他在《自我之歌》中集中地反映了纽约和长岛各劳动阶层的生活:赶车人,船夫,挖蛤蜊的,屠夫的小伙计,铁匠,赶马车的黑人,木匠,纺纱女,排字工,筑路者,拉纤者,应有尽有。
诗人把这些人物概括为美国人的形象,把最高贵的品质给予这个形象,在这个形象中表现出正在准备为自由而战的进步人民的志愿和希望。
也正因为这种民主精神,诗人一而再,再而三地宣传“人类之爱”,并以乐观主义的笔触描写大自然,意气风发地歌唱人,歌唱人生。
这种人道主义的思想意识说到底也正是他民主精神的反映。
惠特曼的民主精神亦表现在他诗歌的艺术风格上。
19世纪中叶美国诗主要受英国诗的影响,受禁锢民主、自由思想的清教主义束缚。
惠特曼的《草叶集》以其广阔的现实主义画面,浓重的浪漫主义笔触,用一种健康的、时代迫切需要的资本主义民主思想开创了一代诗风。
他的诗豪放粗犷,奔放不羁,完全不受传统诗法的限制。
他的诗十分接近口语和散文诗,没有韵,也没有规则的重音、节奏。
他把美国语言当作一种完全未加工的原料铸入新的诗歌形式。
他写诗的目的是表达自己的思想感情,不是诗的形式的优美。
英美诗歌赏析(英文版)
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1墓园挽歌:托马斯·格雷(Thomas Gray,1716-1771)是感伤主义诗歌的代表诗人。
他最著名的诗歌是便是《墓园挽歌》,并因此同写过《夜吟死亡》(Nitht-Piece on Death,1721)的托马斯·帕达尔(Thomas Parnell, 1679-1718),写过《坟墓》(The Grave, 1743)的罗伯特·布莱尔(Robert Blair,1699-1746)和写过《夜思》(Night Thoughts,1742)的爱德华·杨格(Edward Yong,1683-1765)等人一道被称为“墓园派诗人”。
《墓园挽歌》是“感伤主义”的代表作,常被批评家誉为十八世纪乃至英国历来最好的诗歌。
这首诗有着这样独特的地位,主要是因为它凝聚了每个时期中的某种社会情绪,用比较完美的形式表达了这种情绪,在一定程度上解决了如何革新旧传统的问题,具有较高的艺术成就。
这首诗写诗人流连在乡村的墓园里,望着一座座平民百姓的墓石,他思考了狠毒。
这些人默默无闻,劳作终身,死后埋葬简陋的墓地里,他们身前也有过报复,经历过悲欢离合。
回忆中,诗人对他们寄予深切的同情,对骄奢淫逸的权贵做了温和的批评,并指出:不论身前多么荣华富贵,死亡对于每个人来说都是平等的。
既然大家殊途同归,人们就应该以一种豁达的态度来面对人生。
这首诗共32 节,每节有四行五步抑扬格组成,以abab 押韵。
总体上来说,这首诗在形式上采用了古典主义的格式,但在内容上却显示了感伤主义和浪漫主义的新特征。
诗人在晚钟时分步入墓园:晚钟殷殷响,夕阳已西沉。
群牛呼叫归,迂回走草径。
农夫荷锄犁,倦倦回家门。
唯我立狂野,独自对黄昏。
(The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,The lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea,The ploughman homeward plods his weary way,And leaves the world to darkness and to me.)开头一段描写了天黑时分牧人赶着牛群徐徐入村,农人们经历了一天的劳累拖着疲惫的步伐回家的景象,把恬静的乡村生活如风景画般的呈现在了我们面前。
美国文学史期末考试-诗歌赏析
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Philip FreneauThe Wild Honeysuckle野忍冬花美好的花呀,你长得,这么秀丽,却藏身在这僻静沉闷的地方-——甜美的花儿开了却没人亲昵,招展的小小枝梢也没人观赏;没游来荡去的脚把你踩碎,没东攀西摘的手来催你落泪。
大自然把你打扮得一身洁白,她叫你避开庸俗粗鄙的目光,她布置下树荫把你护卫起来,又让潺潺的柔波淌过你身旁;你的夏天就这样静静地消逝,这时候你日见萎蔫终将安息。
那些难免消逝的美使我销魂,想起你未来的结局我就心疼,别的那些花儿也不比你幸运-——虽开放在伊甸园中也已凋零,无情的寒霜再加秋风的威力,会叫这花朵消失得一无踪迹。
朝阳和晚露当初曾把你养育,让你这小小的生命来到世上,原来若乌有,就没什么可失去,因为你的死让你同先前一样;这来去之间不过是一个钟点-—-这就是脆弱的花享有的天年。
(黄皋炘译)CommentaryThe short lyric was written in 1786。
Freneau was inspired by the beauty of the wild honey suckle when he was walking at Chaeleston,South Carolina. It was virtually unread in the poet's lifetime, yet it deserves a place among major English and American works of poetry of that time。
This is one of the most quoted works of Freneau。
Generally speaking, it is the best of Freneau’s poems, and the best poem on nature before the appearance of the verses of William Cullen Bryant, William Wordsworth,and Ralph Waldo Emerson’s The Rhodora。
美国诗歌赏析
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美国诗歌赏析美国诗歌是世界文学宝库中的瑰宝,它不仅反映了美国社会的变迁,也展现了美国人民的精神风貌。
从早期的殖民地时期到现代,美国诗歌经历了从模仿到创新的转变,形成了独特的风格和主题。
在赏析美国诗歌时,我们可以从以下几个方面来深入理解其魅力。
首先,美国诗歌的主题多样,从自然景观到社会问题,从个人情感到国家命运,无不涉及。
例如,19世纪的诗人沃尔特·惠特曼在其代表作《草叶集》中,用自由诗的形式表达了对民主、自由和个人主义的热爱。
他的诗歌充满了对美国广阔土地和人民的赞美,同时也反映了对战争、死亡和生命的深刻思考。
其次,美国诗歌的语言风格独特,它摒弃了传统诗歌的严格韵律和格律,追求自然、直接和口语化的表达。
这种风格在20世纪的现代主义诗歌中尤为明显。
例如,罗伯特·弗罗斯特的诗歌以其简洁、质朴的语言和深刻的寓意著称。
他的《未选择的路》通过描绘两条分叉的道路,隐喻了人生选择的重要性和不可预知性。
再者,美国诗歌的形式创新也是其魅力所在。
许多诗人尝试打破传统的诗歌结构,创造出新的诗歌形式。
例如,艾兹拉·庞德的意象派诗歌强调通过精确、生动的意象来传达情感和思想,他的《地铁车站》就是通过几个简单的意象,捕捉了现代都市生活的瞬间感受。
此外,美国诗歌还具有强烈的社会批判性。
许多诗人通过诗歌来反映社会不公和个人抗争。
例如,艾伦·金斯伯格的《嚎叫》是对20世纪50年代美国社会压抑和物质主义的强烈抗议,它以激昂的语言和强烈的情感,表达了对自由和解放的渴望。
最后,美国诗歌的多样性和包容性也是其吸引人的地方。
美国是一个移民国家,不同文化背景的诗人带来了各自的文化特色和诗歌传统,使得美国诗歌呈现出丰富多彩的面貌。
例如,非裔美国诗人兰斯顿·休斯的作品就深受非洲和黑人文化的影响,他的诗歌充满了对种族平等和社会正义的追求。
总之,美国诗歌以其独特的主题、风格、形式和社会批判性,成为了世界文学中不可或缺的一部分。
美国文学诗歌赏析
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“The Wild Honey Suckle”Understand the title: 1. The name honeysuckle comes from the sweet nectar that the flower produces to intoxicate the greedy bee. Its powerful fragrance seduces the human senses as it pervades the air. The perfume of this passionate plant may turn a maiden’s head, hence wild honeysuckle is a symbol of inconstancy in love.2. The word “wild” implies her living place; she lives in wilderness not in paradise or house; so she will not be appreciated by others and feels sorrowful. Also it implies the nature, so we can say the writer is describing the nature.The Wild Honey SucklePhilip Freneau1st stanza:The honey suckle lives an obscure, unknown, forgotten, serene, and safe life.2nd stanza: The pure, innocent honey suckle is not contaminated by the vulgar eye of people and protected, embraced, and nurtured by Nature.3rd stanza: grief upon the flower’s death4th stanza: nothing gained, nothing lostThe Scarlet Letter作者:Nathaniel Hawthorne赏析:1. A story of rebellion within an emotionally constricted Puritan society.2. Undisputed masterpiece of Hawthorne. Reveal Hawthorne’s superb craftsmanship3. Modern psychological insight; secret motivations in human behaviour; guilt & anxiety resulted from sins against humanity, esp. from pride.4. Setting: Puritan background of New England in 17 C5. Hawthorne: master of Symbolism.Pearl= thematic symbol: consequence the sin of adultery has brought to the community and people living in the community.Letter A= different symbolic meanings (adultery, angel, able, advance, admiration, etc.). The ambiguity is one of the salient features of the work.6. Hester: committed sin but true to God and herself; not a real sinner; sinful just in the sinful eyes of the conventional Puritans.7. Chillingworth: physician, cold observer of life, looking on mankind as the subject of experiment; lost in revenge; not true to himself/others/God; real villain of the story, true sinner.8. Dimmesdale: pa rtner of Hester’s sin; the concealment of the first sin led to the second sin; no longer true to God/others, but kept true to himself; intellectual arrogance & betraying of honesty conflict within him, led to the twisting and distortion of his personality; suffer most in story.“Song of Myself”"Song of Myself" is all about the human experience. The human experience, here, means what men of the past, present and future have seen, touched, smelt, and heard. In this poem Whitman is explaining how all of humanity is like one living organism, and no one part is more important than the other. In section 44 of "Song of Myself" Whitman says, "We have thus far exhausted trillions of winters and summers, There are trillions ahead, and trillions ahead of them. Births have brought us richness and variety, And other births will bring us richness and variety. I do not call one greater and one smaller, That which fills its period and place is equal to any." It is clear that Whitman had a perspective of the human race and its history that escaped most writers. More specifically, Whitman speaks of equal contribution to the humanexperience in section 42: "Here and there with dimes on the eyes walking, To feed the greed of the belly the brains liberally spooning, Tickets buying, taking, selling, but in to the feast never once going, Many sweating, ploughing, thrashing, and then the chaff for payment receiving, A few idly owning, and they the wheat continually claiming. This is the city and I am one of the citizens, Whatever interests the rest interests me, politics, wars, markets, newspapers, schools, The mayor and councils, banks, tariffs, steamships, factories, stocks, stores, real estate and personal estate.“Because I Could Not Stop for Death”The poem begins with a leisurely image. At first, the protagonist feels totally at ease and the usually frightening death is described as if a familiar friend, gentle and polite. Continuingly, the poem is developed upon a basic metaphor that life is a journey. It was truly rather old a comparison, but Dickinson enriched it with her creativity and imagination: "School, where Children strove" --childhood; "Fields of Gazing Grain"--maturity; and "Setting Sun"--old age. Then “the Dews drew quivering and chill-” makes the prota gonist feel terribly cold, which may mean that they are getting nearer and nearer to the tomb. But at last, his companions, Immortality and Death, finally desert him and leave him alone to go toward Eternity.So it seems that though death cheats him and at the same time deserts him, the experience of death itself is not painful. Emily Dickinson’s poems just explain this kind of essence of life, which then lead you to a world of imagination and thinking.“In a Station of the Metro”.The poem is essentially a set of images that have unexpected likeness and convey the rare emotion that Pound was experiencing at that time. Arguably the heart of the poem is not the first line, nor the second, but the mental process that links the two together. "In a poem of this sort," as Pound explained, "one is trying to record the precise instant when a thing outward and objective transforms itself, or darts into a thing inward and subjective." This darting takes place between the first and second lines. The pivotal semi-colon has stirred debate as to whether the first line is in fact subordinate to the second or both lines are of equal, independent importance. Pound contrasts the factual, mundane image that he actually witnessed with a metaphor from nature and thus infu ses this “apparition” with visual beauty. There is a quick transition from the statement of the first line to the second line’s vivid metaphor; this ‘super-pository’ technique exemplifies the Japanese haiku style. The word “apparition” is considered crucia l as it evokes a mystical and supernatural sense of imprecision which is then reinforced by the metaphor of the second line. The plosive word ‘Petals’ conjures ideas of delicate, feminine beauty which contrasts with the bleakness of the ‘wet, black bough’. What the poem signifies is questionable; many critics argue that it deliberately transcends traditional form and therefore its meaning is solely found in its technique as opposed to in its content. However when Pound had the inspiration to write this poem few of these considerations came into view. He simply wished to translate his perception of beauty in the midst of ugliness into a single, perfect image in written form.It is also worth noting that the number of words in the poem (fourteen) is the same as the number of lines in a sonnet. The words are distributed with eight in the first line and six in the second, mirroring the octet-sestet form of the Italian (or Petrarchan) sonnet.1. Imagism2. Petal= beautiful faces in the crowd waiting for the train.“Stopping by Woods on a Snow Evening”.“Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening,” like many of Frost's poems, explores the theme of the individual caught between nature and civilization. The speaker's location on the border between civilization and wilderness echoes a common theme throughout American literature. The speaker is drawn to the beauty and allure of the woods, which represent nature, but has obligations—“promises to keep”—which draw him away from nature and back to society and the world of men. The speaker is thus faced with a choice of whether to give in to the allure of nature, or remain in the realm of society. Some critics have interpreted the poem as a meditation on death—the woods represent the allure of death, perhaps suicide, which the speaker resists in order to return to the mundane tasks which order daily life.1. One of his most well-known poems. New Hamshipre.2. iambic tetrameter3. Rubaiyat stanza,4. rhyming shceme: aaba/bbcb/ccdc/dddd5. chain rhyme“The Road Not Taken”.the poem is inspirational, a paean to individualism and non-conformism.The poem consists of four stanzas. In the first stanza, the speaker describes his position. He has been out walking in the woods and comes to two roads, and he stands looking as far down each one as he can see. He would like to try out both, but doubts he could do that, so therefore he continues to look down the roads for a long time trying to make his decision about which road to take. The ironic interpretation, widely held by critics, is that the poem is instead about regret and personal myth-making, rationalizing our decisions.In this interpretation, the final two lines:I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.are ironic : the choice made little or no difference at all, the speaker's protestations to the contrary. The speaker admits in the second and third stanzas that both paths may be equally worn and equally leaf-covered, and it is only in his future recollection that he will call one road "less traveled by".The sigh, widely interpreted as a sigh of regret, might also be interpreted ironically: in a 1925 letter to Cristine Yates of Dickson, Tennessee, asking about the sigh, Frost replied: "It was my rather private jest at the expense of those who might think I would yet live to be sorry for the way I had taken in life."T. S. Eliot’s “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”.On the surface, "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" relays the thoughts of a sexually frustrated middle-aged manwho wants to say something but is afraid to do so, and ultimately does not.The dispute, however, lies in to whom Prufrock is speaking, whether he is actually going anywhere, what he wants to say, and to what the various images refer. The intended audience is not evident. Some believe that Prufrock is talking to another person or directly to the reader, while others believe Prufrock's monologue is internal. Perrine writes "The 'you and I' of the first line are divided parts of Prufrock's own nature", while Mutlu Konuk Blasing suggests that the "you and I" refers to the relationship between the dilemmas of the character and the author. Similarly, critics dispute whether Prufrock is going somewhere during the course of the poem. In the first half of the poem, Prufrock uses various outdoor images (the sky, streets, cheap restaurants and hotels, fog), and talks about how there will be time for various things before "the taking of toast and tea", and "time to turn back and descend the stair." This has led many to believe that Prufrock is on his way to an afternoon tea, in which he is preparing to ask this "overwhelming question". Others, however, believe that Prufrock is not physically going anywhere, but rather, is playing through it in his mind.Perhaps the most significant dispute lies over the "overwhelming question" that Prufrock is trying to ask. Many believe that Prufrock is trying to tell a woman of his romantic interest in her, pointing to the various images of women's arms and clothing and the final few lines in which Prufrock laments that the mermaids will not sing to him. Others, however, believe that Prufrock is trying to express some deeper philosophical insight or disillusionment with society, but fears rejection, pointing to statements that express a disillusionment with society such as "I have measured out my life with coffee spoons" (line 51). Many believe that the poem is a criticism of Edwardian society and Prufrock's dilemma represents the inability to live a meaningful existence in the modern world. McCoy and Harlan wrote "For many readers in the 1920s, Prufrock seemed to epitomize the frustration and impotence of the modern individual. He seemed to represent thwarted desires and modern disillusionment."As the poem uses the stream of consciousness technique, it is often difficult to determine what is meant to be interpreted literally or symbolically. In general, Eliot uses imagery which is indicative of Prufrock's character, representing aging and decay. For example, "When the evening is spread out against the sky / Like a patient etherized upon a table" (lines 2-3), the "sawdust restaurants" and "cheap hotels," the yellow fog, and the afternoon "Asleep...tired... or it malingers" (line 77), are reminiscent of languor and decay, while Prufrock's various concerns about his hair and teeth, as well as the mermaids "Combing the white hair of the waves blown back / When the wind blows the water white and black," show his concern over aging.Moby Dick Herman Melville1. Ahab: captain of the whaling ship2. Pequod: name of the whaling ship3. Theme: the rebellious struggle of Captain Ahab against the overwhelming, mysterious vastness of the universe and its awesome sometimes merciless forces.4. Symbols & allegory:Pequod= microcosm of human society;The voyage= a search for truth;Moby Dick= nature (complex, unfathomable, malignant, beautiful), an ultimate mystery of universe.To Helen Edgar Allan Poe1. Theme: celebrate the nurturing power of women—Helen’s beauty is soothing and provide safety & security.2. Create the image & impression of the idealized & unreal woman;3. Represent beauty, melancholy. Though heart desired, inaccessible.4. Allusion, assonance, consonance, repetition5. Ababb/ababa/abbab6. Naiad= goddess; Psyche= goddess of the soulAnnabel LeeRhyme, Rhythm, Repetition: Poe uses three R’s–rhyme, rhythm, and repetition–in “Annabel Lee” to create a harmony of sounds that underscore the exquisite harmony of the narrator’s relationship with his beloved.Theme Eternal love. The love between the narrator and Annabel Lee is so strong and beautiful and pure that even the seraphs, the highest order of angels in heaven, envy it. They attempt to kill this love by sending a chilling wind that kills Annabel Lee. However, the love remains alive–eternal–because the souls of the lovers remain united. The death of a beautiful woman is a common theme in Poe’s writing.Poe repeats this rhythmic pattern throughout the poem, perhaps to suggest the rise and fall of the tides. He also repeats key phrases–such as in this kingdom by the sea and my Annabel Lee (or my beautiful Annabel Lee)–to create haunting refrains. In addition, Poe sometimes repeats words or word patterns within a single line, as in (1) many and many a year ago, (2) we loved with a love that was more than love, and (3) my darling–my darling. Poe further enhances the rhythm of the poem with the repetition of consonant sounds (alliteration). Notice, for example, the repetition of the “w” and “l” sounds in this line in Stanza 2: But we loved with a love that was more than love." Poe sometimes couples repetition of consonant sounds with repetition of vowel sounds, as in many and many, love and be loved, and those who were older than we.Imagery–Darkness and Light: Implied and explicit images of darkness and light occur throughout the poem.Poe’s Artistic theoriesPoems should be short, concise and readable at one sitting;The aim of poem writing is beauty; the most beautiful thing described by a poem is the death of a beautiful woman; the desirable tone of a poem is melancholy;He opposed didactic poems;He stressed the form of poem, especially the beautiful and neat rhyme.His View and Theme1) He concludes that “the death of a beautifulwoman is, unquestionably, the most poeticaltopic in the world”.2) Melancholy is the most legitimate of all thepoetic tones.3) He was interested in imagination and fancy aswell as deduction and induction.First StanzaNotice the recurrence of "m" and "n" sounds (alliteration).Second StanzaCoveted: envied, resentedThird Stanzathis was the reason: the seraphs' envylong ago: these words echo many a year ago in Line 1, Stanza 1.a cloud: Using these words instead of the sky infuses foreboding and gloom while symbolizing the dark envy of the seraphs.selpulchre: British spelling of sepulcher. Britain, of course, has always had a monarchy, the type of government that would rule in a "kingdom by the seaFourth stanzaout of a cloud by night: Use of this phrase emphasizes the dark envy of the angels and their sneaky scheme (which unfolds under the cover of night).chilling and killing: an example of internal rhymeFifth StanzaThe narrator here focuses on three worlds: (1) earth, the realm of humans; (2) heaven, the realm of angels; and (3) hell, the realm of demons. The love between him and Annabel is stronger than any other earthly love and can survive the sinister efforts of the angels and the demons to sabotage蓄意破坏it.ever, dissever: internal rhymeSixth StanzaPoe stresses imagery of light in this stanza, associating moonbeams with dreams about his beloved and the radiance of stars with her eyes. In the sixth line, he uses a figure of speech called anaphora首语重复法when he writes the word my four times."I heard a fly buzz--when I died"The poems include observations of nature, accounts of a moment’s revel ation, descriptions of sexual stirrings, and meditations on the nature of life and death. Dickinson’s poetry is unique and unconventional in its own way. Her poems have no titles. And her poetic idiom is noted for its laconic brevity, directness and plainness. is told by a narrator who uses past tense to describe the final moments of their life. The poem gives the reader an inside look into the final moments of death from someone who has already died. The fly is the central figure representing the oncoming of death. The poem is full of many metaphors and similes, such as the king mentioned in the poem who represents a belief in religion. The wording of the poem affirms Emily Dickinson's belief in life after death. The poem has a short title but is deep in meaning. Death is inevitable to all who are born, although not all deaths are disturbed by a pesky fly.“I heard a Fly buzz” employs all of Dickinson’s formal patterns: trimeter and tetrameter iambic lines (four stresses in the first and third lines of each stanza, three in the second and fourth, a pattern Dickinson follows at her most formal); rhythmic insertion of the long dash to interrupt the meter; and an ABCB rhyme scheme. Interestingly, all the rhymes before the final stanza are half-rhymes (Room/Storm, firm/Room, be/Fly), while only the rhyme in the final stanza is a full rhyme (me/see). Dickinson uses this technique to build tension; a sense of true completion comes only with the speaker’s death.。
英美文学选读名篇中英对照 赏析 简介
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Because I could not stop for Death, He kindly stopped for me;The carriage held but just ourselves And Immortality.We slowly drove, he knew no haste, And I had put awayMy labor, and my leisure too,For his civility.We passed the school, where children stroveAt recess, in the ring;We passed the fields of gazing grain, We passed the setting sun.Or rather, he passed us;The dews grew quivering and chill,For only gossamer my gown,My tippet only tulle.We paused before a house that seemed A swelling of the ground;The roof was scarcely visible,The cornice but a mound.Since then 'tis centuries, and yet each Feels shorter than the dayI first surmised the horses' heads Were toward eternity. 我无暇去会死亡爱米莉·伊丽莎白·狄更生我无暇去会死亡,死神便和善地接我前往,我只好放下劳作与闲暇,无法拒绝他的殷勤礼让。
我们一起坐上马车,还有永生陪伴身旁,我们驱车缓缓前行,他悠然自得不慌不忙。
我们经过校园,娱乐的孩子挤满操场,我们经过田野,麦穗张望,我们经过西沉的太阳。
美国文学篇章赏析
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The Cask of AmontilladoIronically, the story takes place during the carnival season of madness and merrymaking. Montresor plays on Fortunato's pride in his wine connoisseurship, asking him to verify whether or not Montresor's recent bargain-price wine purchase is expensive amontillado or ordinary sherry. Fortunato agrees over Montresor's protests that it would be an imposition and a health danger, since the vaults where the wine is stored are cold, damp and "encrusted with nitre." Montresor's expressed concern for the other man's well-being is at odds with his true intentions.the names of the wines noted throughout the story and their possible symbolism. for example, "medoc" for fortunato so he can fend off the cold and "de grave" while he is walking to his own grave.There are four possible reasons why Fortunato volunteered to check if it were really Amontillado.1) He was drunk. 2) The festival was going on and he was in high spirits. 3) He wanted to prove that he was better than Luchesi. 4) He was, of course, tricked by Montresor. He put in much exaggeration and falsity into his 'speech' to egg Fortunado into entering the crypt or he would never be able to exact revenge."Free Mason refrence" When Montressor was talking about "being" a mason he was probably responding in scarcasim to Fortunato's question. Montressor cleverly knows that he is detering the attention of his drunkin friend when he pulls out his trowel (which is a tool for masony).At that point in the conversation it seems that Fortundo aknowledges he lost the conversation in his intoxication and moves along to the Amontillado.the abnormal social phenomena exist in the reality,the intrigue among people to gain profits and also the immoral measures people took for panning gold at the Gold Rush Era.The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras CountyPlot:The narrator is sent by a friend on an errand to visit an old man, Simon Wheeler, to find an old acquaintance of his friend, Leonidas W. Smiley. The narrator finds Simon at the "decayed mining camp of Angel's" The narrator asks the fat, bald-headed man of Leonidas. Simon responds that he doesn't know a Leonidas Smiley, but he knows of a Jim Smiley. From there Simon tells the story of Jim.Themes: A cultured Easterner relates his recent visit to a talkative old man at a western mining camp. Rather than providing information that the Easterner is looking for, the old man keeps him waiting while he spins a tale about a betting man and his pet frog.Culture Clash: it highlights various aspects of late nineteenth-century American society and culture through the retelling of a tall tale. Central to the story is the idea of conflicting cultures, particularly the clash between the settled, eastern portion of the United States and the still-developing West. At the time Twain wrote the story, the East and its inhabitants had a reputation for being civilized, cultured, and advanced. The West, on the other hand, was still being settled and was considered to be populated.Style:The frame tale structure.In a frame tale, one story appears in—that is, it is framed by—another story. In "Jumping Frog" the outer tale focuses on Mark Twain and his meeting with the talkative old storyteller, Simon Wheeler. This meeting occurs at the request of a friend of Twain's, identified in some versions of the tale as A. Ward, who supposedly wants to find out about an old acquaintance named Leonidas Smiley. Twain reveals, however, that he suspects his friend's request was merely a practical joke designed to waste his time. Twain's suspicions about the meeting and his descriptions of Wheeler appear in the few paragraphs that open and close the entire story.幽默艺术的四个特点:用夸张的手法突出幽默对象的本质特征;用漫画的技巧追求幽默艺术的深刻性;运用大量土语和俚语增强幽默效果;巧妙地构思出一些奇特、曲折的故事情节,增强幽默的感染力.A Clean,Well-Lighted PlaceThe old man is afraid of the darkness and loneliness, He need cafe's whiskey to encourage himself to live, to insist. The cafe represents the soul shelter or the rest harbor for the two.One man's loneliness and isolation from the rest of the world. the younger waiter and the older one are different. The older one has more xp in the world, so he can understand the old man better. Nothingness is the keynote of the whole story.In the end, Hemingway leaves us with an universality to the tale in that: "Many must have it." Not only do many people have the insomnia and sleeplessness, but they also experience loneliness and the need for a clean, well-lighted place in which to feel safe, or perhaps insulated.Some have argued that Hemingway contrasts light and shadow to differentiate the old man and the young people around him, and uses the deafness of the old man as a symbol for his separation from the rest of the world. Hemingway uses the waiters to judge the old man and portray his views. As a clean drunk, the man does not spill a drop as he drinks and walks "unsteadily but with dignity" when he finally leaves the café. The waiters talkbetween themselves as the young waiter asks the old waiter the man’s story. He wond ers how anyone could sit alone drinking in the café instead of buying a bottle for himself and drink in the comfort of his own home. It is then the old waiter who defends the man. The old waiter acknowledges that it is better for the man to have many drinks in public than any drinks in private.Another way to analyze the relationships between the men is to compare them as one person. The young waiter complains about having to stick around the café waiting for the man to finish drinking. He claims that he has a wife to go home to and he would rather be in bed than in the café. The old waiter defends the drinking man because he can relate and even see himself in the man. He sympathizes knowing that he, too, prefers a clean well lighted place to drink and will later appreciate such a place in his old drinking age. The old man is in his final years of life and the old waiter recognizes that he soon will have the same fate as the old man. A progression of age is seen among the characters demonstrating the transition from being young and social to aging and feeling lonely. Hemingway portrays a difference in age, experience, and opinion of drinking through the unique characters.虚无就是黑暗孤独,无希望、无意义、精神无所寄托的迷惘。
美国诗歌鉴赏
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the wild honey suckle(Philip Freneau)As is displayed in this poem, honeysuckle, instead of rose of daffodil became the object of depiction; it is “wild” just to convey the fresh perception of the natural scenes on the new continent. The flowers, similar to the early Puritan settlers, used to believe they were the selects of God to be arranged on the abundant land, but now have to wake up from fantasy and be more respectful to natural law. Time is constant but the time of a life is short; any favor is relative but change is absolute; with or without the awareness, nature develops; flowers were born, blossomed and declined to repose, and human beings would exist in exactly the same way. A philosophical meditation is indicated by the description of the fate of a trivial wild plant. Thanatopsis(william cullen bryant)Thanatopsis”is a meditative poem of eighty-two lines, granting consolation for human mortality through mankind`s unity with nature. The poem is a wonderful literary work which explores the often controversial questions of death. Within his well written lines Bryant attempts to show the relationship between death's eternal questions and the ongoing cycle of nature and life.Thanatopsis (1817), shows the deep Romantic spirit of Bryant in his youth. Bryant’s view is that death is the absolute end of the individual. Nature has a kind of healing effect. Nature can share your happiness. The image of death is definitely not horrifying, because you will be melted into nature. At first, this “view of death”might seem a cold and terrifying thought. But, as he explains in later poems, the life of man is part of the wonderful life of nature as a whole. The individual soul is not alone but, as he says in A Forest Hymn, part of “the soul of this wide universe”. Almost all of his poetry expresses his excitement at the idea of being part of something so vast.to waterfowl(william cullen bryant)The poem is a big success in presenting the beautiful and enchanting natural scenery. the usage of apostrophe by the poet creates a sense of intimacy between the waterfowl and us. this poem vividly presents for us a solitary and weary waterfowl flying in the distant rosy sky. the poet was actually asked himself where he should go, where was his eventual destination. And this relation between the bird and the poet paves the way for his moral teaching. From the waterfowl, the poet was teaching us the importance of struggling, of fighting against difficulties and harshness. Although the dark night was near, although the atmosphere was cold and thin, although the waterfowl was tired, the bird did not rest.To helen(Edgar Allan Poe)The theme of this short poem is the beauty of a woman with whom Poe became acquainted when he was 14. Apparently she treated him kindly and may have urged him–or perhaps inspired him–to write poetry. Beauty, as Poe uses the word in the poem, appears to refer to the woman's soul as well as her body. On the one hand, he represents her as Helen of Troy–the quintessence of physical beauty–at the beginning of the poem. On the other, he represents her as Psyche–the quintessence of soulful beauty–at the end of the poem. In Greek, psyche means soul. As is typical with many of Poe's poems, the rhythm and rhyme scheme of "To Helen" is irregular but musical in sound. The poem consists of three stanzas of five lineseach, where the end rhyme of the first stanza is ABABB, that of the second is ABABA, and that of the third is ABBAB. Poe uses soothing, positive words and rhythms to create a fitting tone and atmosphere for the poem. His concluding image is that of light, with a "brilliant window niche" and the agate lamp suggesting the glowing of the "Holy Land," for which Helen is the beacon.\The ravenPoe wrote the poem as a narrative, without intentionally creating an allegory or falling into didacticism. The main theme of the poem is one of undying devotion.The narrator experiences a perverse conflict between desire to forget and desire to remember. He seems to get some pleasure from focusing on loss.The narrator assumes that the word "Nevermore" is the raven's "only stock and store", and, yet, he continues to ask it questions, knowing what the answer will be. His questions, then, are purposely self-deprecating and further incite his feelings of loss.Poe leaves it unclear if the raven actually knows what it is saying or if it really intends to cause a reaction in the poem's narrator.The narrator begins as weak and weary, becomes regretful and grief-stricken, before passing into a frenzy and, finally, madness.Christopher F. S. Maligec suggests the poem is a type of elegiac paraclausithyron, an ancient Greek and Roman poetic form consisting of the lament of an excluded, locked-out lover at the sealed door of his beloved.Annabel leePoe set the scene in a kingdom by the sea and uses some images like sepulcher and tomb, which add some Gothic touch to the poem. With the repetition of some words and phrases, the poem has a nostalgic tone and gives us a mournful feeling. The mysterious tone of the poem makes us feel that only in mysterious and ancient time does such kind of love exist. Besides the content, the poetic structure of this poem is also what I appreciate. It is composed of six stanzas with lines at different length, which gives me a feeling of the waves of the ocean. When I read it, the rhyme and the different length makes it has a musical effect and it is like telling a story to someone.A psalm of life(henry wadsworth longfellow)A psalm of life reveals the optimistic theme-time is fleeting,act in the living present.It appeals to the world´people :to act now,to fight for free,to be a hero.A psalm of life shows a spirit of generality、encouragement、and optimistic attitude.To a large degree,it is also the American´s westward movement,territory enlargement and overseas expansion.It also encourage people to fight for their country´s indenpondence.It is widely read for its positive and courageous tone and influences generation and generation.It is a great poem of Longfellow´s and the worldMy lost youthThe poem's first stanza tells how the speaker meets a fellow "nobody" — a friend. Together, the two nobodies can enjoy each other's company and their shared anonymity. In the second stanza, the tone of the poem changes. The speaker sounds confident. Perhaps it is her discovery that there are other people like her —other "nobodies"-- that makes her feels strongly that being a "somebody" isn't such a great idea. She realizes that having a friend who understands you and accepts you as you are is more important than being admired by a lot of people or being in the "in"crowd. In the poem's second stanza, the speaker also makes a strange comparison. She says that being a somebody is like being a frog. What does this simile mean? Aside from Kermit, there aren't many celebrity frogs around.I'm Nobody! Who are you?The poem's first stanza tells how the speaker meets a fellow "nobody" — a friend. Together, the two nobodies can enjoy each other's company and their shared anonymity. In the second stanza, the tone of the poem changes. The speaker sounds confident. Perhaps it is her discovery that there are other people like her —other "nobodies"-- that makes her feels strongly that being a "somebody" isn't such a great idea. She realizes that having a friend who understands you and accepts you as you are is more important than being admired by a lot of people or being in the "in" crowd. In the poem's second stanza, the speaker also makes a strange comparison. She says that being a somebody is like being a frog. What does this simile mean? Aside from Kermit, there aren't many celebrity frogs around.a Station of the Metr o1. This is the much-quoted masterpiece of Pound and a representative of the Imagist poetry.2. In form, the poem is similar to the Japanese haiku, a two-line couplet with rhymes. Pound's poem reminds the Chinese of two lines by a Tang poet, Bai Juyi. When describing the sad yet beautiful face of Yang Huifei, a Tang emperess, the poet wrote,The beautiful face, lonesome with tears;A pear branch, radiant with rain.3. The poem is a representative of Imagist poems in that the image of petals on a wet, black bough best represents the picture of those lovely faces in the crowd and that the image is dominant in the poem---the image itself is the poem.The Road Not Taken(Robert Frost)According to the literal and more common interpretation, the poem is inspirational, a paean to individualism and non-conformism. The ironic interpretation, widely held by critics, is that the poem is instead about regret and personal myth-making, rationalizing our decisions. The Road Not Taken tells about life choice. Man’s life is metaphorically related to a journey filled with twists and turns. One has to consider a lot before making a wise choice. Though the diverged roads seem identical, they actually lead to different directions, which symbolize different fates. A less than rigorous look at the poem may lead one to believe that Frost’s moral is embodied in those lines. The poem is taken as a call to independence, preaching originality and Emersonian self-reliance. The poem deconstructs its conclusion stanza by stanza.Stopping by Woods on a Snowy EveningThis is a deceptively simple poem in which the speaker literally stops his horse in the winter twilight to observe the beauty of the forest scene, and then is moved to continue his journey. Philosophically and symbolically, it stems from the ambiguity of the speaker's choice between safety and the unknown. )symbol:This poem suggests deep thought about death and about life.The strange attraction of death to man is symbolized by the dark woods silently filled up with the coldness of snow. Frost frequently uses the technique of symbolism in his poetry. Some critics think that the "village" stands for the human world, "woods" for nature, "horse" for the animal world, and "promises" for obligations. The poem represents a moment of relaxation from the burdensome journey of life, an almost aesthetic enjoyment and appreciation of natural beauty which is wholesome and restorative against the chaotic existence of modern man.Chicago(Carl sandburg)The poem presents a striking and impressive description of the vigor and vitality of Chicago primarily by means of personification, images and metaphor. In the first five lines, Chicago is compared to "hog butcher", "tool maker", "stacker of wheat", "Players with railroads", "the National Freight Handler" and "the Big Shoulders", all of whom are powerful and vigorous. By using this metaphor. The poet highlights the vigor of Chicago. In the next 13 lines, the poet agrees that Chicago is wicked, crooked and brutal in a straightforward way by assuming a talk between the poet and the personified city, but hegoes on to develop the theme of the poem by stating that Chicago is "alive and coarse and strong and cunning". Then in the last 21 lines, the poet delineates the images of "a tall bold slugger", "a dog lapping for actions" and "a savage pitted against the wilderness". They are all incarnations of power, strength, vitality and action. So, the use of these images further emphasizes the vigor of Chicago. It merits notice that the poet conforms the language style of the conveyance of the theme. One eye-catching characteristic of the poem is that verbs take up a very high proportion and therefore create in the reader's mind a sense of mobility and vitality. Moreover, the varied syntactic pattern and changeable rhythm also reveal the mobility, energy, and vigor of ChicaThe Harbor(Carl sandburg)The poem uses literary elements combined with imagery to depict a contrasting view between the huddled and ugly nature of the urban Chicago with the veering and wheeling free, unobstructed exquisiteness of the lake. The city life has created invisible walls that has life compacted in it. Carl Sandburg wrote the poem in two sections to shows distinction between the two ways of lives. The first section conveys the idea of caged city life. The city life sure does holds an important status, and provides the citizens with sufficient elements to drive the life force but it steals away the freedom. Some people are hunted with shadows of the social order, and deprives them of the real thrill of life. The second section expresses the feelings of an escaped individual from an imprisoned life. Coming out to the lake and walking under the sun, presents the free life. Leaving the cage behind any soul would feel like on the fluttering storm of gulls on the shore.。
英美诗歌鉴赏
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1. Blank Filling: Figures of Speech, common knowledge (10 points)(填空:1—8根据老师所给诗句所运用的修辞填空。
)(1) Personification(拟人)(2) Metaphor(暗喻)(3) Parallelism(排比)(4) Anaphora (Repetition)(反复)(5) Simile(明喻)(6) Paradox(矛盾)(7) Hyperbole(夸张)(8) Metonymy(转喻)(9) Father of English Literature(英语文学之父):Geoffrey Chaucer(杰弗雷·乔叟)The Canterbury Tales (坎特伯雷故事集)The first tenant of the Poets’ Corner英语最早使用Iambic pentameter(10) Westminster Abbey, Poets’ Corner(诗人角):威斯敏斯特大教堂:(其中著名的“诗人角”就位于教堂中央往南的甬道上。
在这儿长眠着许多著名的诗人和小说家。
如英国14世纪的“诗圣”乔叟,就安葬于此。
陵墓周围还有一扇专门的“纪念窗”,上面描绘着他的名作《坎特伯雷故事集》里的情景。
伴他长眠的有丁尼生和布朗宁,他俩都是名噪一时的大诗人。
著名的小说家哈代和1907年诺贝尔文学奖获得者吉卜林也葬在这里。
“诗人角”中央,并排埋葬着德国著名的作曲家亨德尔和19世纪最杰出的现实主义作家狄更斯。
还有些文学家死后虽葬身别处,但在这里仍为他们竖碑立传,如著名的《失乐园》的作者弥尔顿和苏格兰诗人彭斯,就享受着这种荣耀。
)LondonAlfred, Lord Tennyson (丁尼生)Robert Browning (布朗宁)Rudyard Kipling (吉普林)(11)Beowulf(《贝奥武夫》):《贝奥武夫》(Beowulf)一译贝奥武甫。
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One’s Self I Sing
This poem was published as “Inscription”in Leaves of Grass (1867) and given its present title in 1871. According to Whitman’s plan, the poem is printed first in his book.
As the title is “One’s Self,”not “Myself”, this already forms the bond between the reader and writer which again it’s what he is conveying in the poem.
In the first stanza, the speaker sings of a simple separate person, but the alliteration lends more powerful symbolism to the words. The repetition seems to indicate that perhaps what he sings is not so simple at all. The poem celebrates the “simple, separate Person”as a physical, moral, intellectual, emotional, and aesthetical being, but declares that when he sings of himself, he uses the “word En-masse”to show that he represents the modern man. While he is one voice, he is speaking for a lot of people.
In the second stanza, the theme changes when the poet refers to the spirit and physical body, and wisdom. Whitman tells us that he speaks for all colors, classes and creeds. He seems to be telling us to live together like one, accepting all. All organs in the body need others to function properly. No person can live without relying on the complete system.
In the last stanza, the poet hammers us with alliteration. Though modern man fights for his freedom and individuality, the greatest freedom he has is his right to live.
Altough Whitman consistently celebrated an average man, he was probably feeling his unique qualities. Divided between faith in democratic equality and belief in the individual rebel against society’s restrictions, he combined the figure of the average man and the superman in his conception of himself. He certainly differed in the hypersensitivity that made him as zealous in pursuing emotional freedom through love as he had been in pursuing social freedom in democracy. He differed also in his frequent, forceful declarations of his democratic love for man (The Female equally with the Male I sing), and he has been considered a homosexual.
Fire and Ice
Desire and hate, believed by some to be the two largest faults of the human race. Robert Frost explains these two ideas in only nine lines. “Fire and Ice”is a perfect example of juxtaposition between fire and ice, or, desire and hate. Both are believed to destroy a person if they succumb to its hold.
Frost begins with saying that some believe the world will end in fire, some believe ice. In other words, some believe that those who desire too much will perish; others believe that hating so much as to put their whole self into it will have the same result. Frost did not mean that having either of these faults meant physical death, more of a death of the spirit. Those who desire things such as power or wealth soon think of nothing else and lose all touch with everything around them; those who hate never enjoy life and lose touch with what truly matters in life. With either one, the
person who suffers from it exists, but does not live.
Throughout the poem Frost also uses a rhyming scheme to separate the two ideas, every word coinciding with fire rhymes, “fire”and “desire,”and everything that coincides with ice rhymes also, “ice,”“twice,”“hate,”and “great.”It helps to emphasize the difference between the two, showing that, although they’re completely different, they have the same affect. “Fire and ice”was inspired by a passage in Canto 32 of Dante’s Inferno, in which the worst offenders of hell, the traitors, are submerged, while in a fiery hell, up to their necks in ice: “a lake so bound with ice, It did not look like water, but like a glass…right clear I saw, where sinners are preserved in ice.”
Frost’s diction also notes that people who commit sins of desire are more common than people who commit sins of hate as it uses the pronoun “those”to describe people who commit sins of desire, suggesting plurality, and that the speaker himself has tasted it before. With his discussion of hatred, there is no mention of his having experienced it, leaving the reader to ponder whether his knowledge of hatred comes mostly from contemplation (“I think I know”) and not from experience.。