《法律英语法律术语》
常见法律术语中英文表达法
draft 法案,草案Government bill 政府议案to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案to enact a law, to promulgate a law 公布法律ratification, confirmation 批准law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效decree 法令clause 条款minutes 备忘录report 判例汇编codification 法律汇编legislation 立法legislator 立法者jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学legitimation 合法化legality, lawfulness 法制,合法legal, lawful 合法的,依法的to con trave ne a law, to infringe a law, to break a law违法outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的offender 罪犯to abolish 废止,取消rescission, annulment 废除,取消repeal, revocation, annulment 废除（法律） cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除（合同） cancellation （支票）作废annulment 撤消（遗嘱） repeal rescission 撤消（判决） revocation 撤消immunity 豁免,豁免权disability, legal incapacity 无资格nonretroactive character 不溯既往性prescription 剥夺公权attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutional law 宪法canon law 教会法规common law 习惯法criminal law 刑法administrative law 行政法civil law 民法commercial law, mercantile law 商法law of nations 万国公法,国际法international law 国际法natural law 自然法labour laws 劳工法fiscal law财政法Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Criminal Law 刑事诉讼法Military Law 军法Con script Law 兵役法Copyright Law著作权法penal code 刑法典code of merca ntile law 商法典civil rights民事权利，公民权利right of asylum 避难权huma n rights, rights of man 人权(customs) duties 关税death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税法律英语词汇2021-12-20 20:59:34|分类：专业英语词汇阅读8评论0 字号：大中小订阅管辖：jurisdiction级别管辖：jurisdiction by level地域管辖：territorial jurisdict ion移送管辖：referral jurisdicti on指定管辖：desig nati on jurisdicti on审判组织:trial organization回避withdrawal诉讼参加人participants in court诉讼当事人parties in court诉讼代理人agents ad litem期间：time periods送达service调解conciliation财产保全property preservation先予执行preliminary execution阻碍民事诉讼的强制措施：compulsory measures aga inst impairme nt of civil actions诉讼费：litigation costs第一审普通程序ordinary procedure of first in sta nee第二审程序procedure of sec ond in sta nee起诉bring a lawsuit受理accept a case开庭审理trial in court诉讼中止suspension of a lawsuit诉讼终止conclusion of a lawsuit判决judgment裁定order简易程序summary procedure特别程序special procedure选民资格案件cases concerning certificates of voters宣告失踪proclamation of a person as missing宣告死亡proclamation of a person as dead无民事行为能力incompetent for civil conduct限制行为能力limited capacity for civil conduct无主财产property of ownerless执行申请application for execution执行移转referral of execution仲裁arbitration司法协助judicial assistanceAabsolute proof 绝对证明absolute property 绝对财产〔权〕abstract of title 产权书摘要acceleration clause 提前〔归还〕条款acceptance 承诺accident report 事故报告accident insurance 意外保险accusation 指控；控告accusatorial procedure 控告程序accusatorial process of proof 控告证明过程〔程序〕accusatorial system 控告或诉讼程序accused 被指控者accuser 控告人acknowledgement 认知（书）acquittal 无罪判决act 条例；作为Act for the prevention of Frauds and Perjuries ?预防诈欺和伪证条例action 诉讼；作为actual losses 实际损失adjudication 裁决；裁定administrative law 行政法administrative law judge 行政法法官administrative procedure 行政程序administrator 管理人；监管人admissible 可采的admissibility 可采性admit 采用；允许adoption 收养adulterous conduct 通奸行为ad valorem property tax 从价财产税adversarial hearing 对抗式听证会adversarial process 对抗式程序adversary 对手adversary trial system 对抗式〔或抗辩〕审判制度advocacy 出庭辩护；诉讼代理advocate 辩护人；诉讼代理人affidavit 正式书面陈述affirm 维持〔原判〕affirmation 保证书；证词affirmative 确保的agency 〔行政〕机关agency action 机关〔行政〕机关agreed upon remedies^ 卜救协议agreement 协议agreement-as-written 书面协议agreement -in-fact 事实协议alibi 阿里白〔不在犯罪场的证明〕alienation of affection 离间夫妻关系allegation 声称；指控allege 诉称；指控alleged offense 所控罪行alternate juror 替卜陪审员amendment 修正案American Bar Association 美国律师协会American Law Institute 美国法学会analogy 类推Anglo-American Legal System 英美法系anonymous accusation 匿名控告appeal 上诉appear 出庭appellant 上诉人appellate action 上诉行为appellate court 上诉法院appellee 被上诉人appealer 上诉人appropriate 拨款appurtenant 附属物arbiter 仲裁人arbitrary 武断的arbitration 仲裁arraig nment 初审array 陪审员名单arrest 逮捕arrest warrant 逮捕令〔证〕arrestee 被捕人article 条款，文章article of authority 授权条款articles of confederation ?联帮条例?articles of incorporation 公司组织章程artificial person 法人Asia n American legal defe nse and education fun（亚裔美国人法律辩护与教育基金会assault 意图或威胁伤害assert 主张，宣称asset 资产assistant attorney 助理法官associate judge 副法官associate justice 副大法官assumption 违约合同，违约赔偿之诉assumption 假定attempt 意图，企图attempted escape 逃脱未遂attestation 证词attorney 代理人，律师attorney at law 律师attorney general 检察长authentication 鉴定authority 权力，法源，权威性依据automobile insurance 机动车保险automobile tort 机动车侵权行为autonomy 自治〔权〕Bban 禁令，制止banishment 流放bankruptcy 破产bankruptcy discharge 破产债务解除bankruptcy judge 破产法官bar 律师职业bar association 律师协会barrister 出庭律师battery 殴打bench trial 法官审beneficiary 受益人benefit 收益，福得bigamy 重婚罪bill of lading 提单bill of right ?人权法案?bind over 具保，具结binder 临时保险单binding 有约束力binding contract 有约束力的合同binding force 约束力binding interpretation 有约束力的解释black-letter law 〔普通承受之根本原那么的〕黑体字法black nation bar association 全美黑人律师协会blue sky law 蓝天法〔关于股票买卖控制的法律〕Board of Governors〔ABA 〕〔美国律师协会的〕董事会body of law 法体bond 债券；保释金bond instrument 债券契据branding 鞭笞breach 违约；破坏bride 贿赂bribery 贿赂〔罪〕bright-line test 明显界限检验标准broker 中间人brokerage fee 佣金；中介费brother-sister corporation 兄弟公司；姊妹公司Bulk Sales Act?大宗销售条例？ burden 责任burden of going forward with the evidence 先行举证责任burden of persuasion 说服责任；证明责任burden of producing evidence 举证责任burden of proof 证明责任burglary 入室盗窃〔罪〕bus in ess corporation实业公司business law 实业法business organization 实业组织buy-out agreemen〔t 股权〕承买协议buy-sell agreemen〔t 股权〕买卖协议bylaws 〔内部〕章程CCalifornia Penal Code?加州刑法典?capital account 资本帐户capital crime 可判死刑罪capital punishment 死刑capital surplus 资本盈余capitatio n tax 人头税career crim inal 职业罪犯career judiciary 职业法官case briefi ng案情摘要case-i n-chief 主诉case law 判例法case method案例教学法case report判决报告case reports判例汇编casualty in sura nee〔意外伤害〕保险catalog商品目录〔单〕certificate 证书certificate of existe nee 实体存在证明〔书〕challenge置疑；挑战challe nge for cause有理回避cha ncery court 衡平法院chargi ng in strume nt 控告文件checks and bala nces制衡〔原那么〕chief judge首席法官chief justice首席大法官child abuse虐待儿童circuit court巡回法院circuit judge巡回法官circumsta ntial evide nee 旁证；情况证据citation 弓I证cite援引；传讯civil court 民事法civil forfeiture 民事罚没civil law 民法Civil Law Legal System 民法体系civil liability 民事责任civil Liberty民事自由civil Litigation 民事诉讼civil procedure 民事诉讼程序civil suit民事诉讼Civil trial民事审判法律英语词汇〔2〕2021-12-20 21:02:17|分类：专业英语词汇阅读10评论0 字号：大中小订阅Civil right 民权Civil right law 民权法Civil War Income Tax Act ? 内战所得税条例?Claim 诉讼请求，索赔Classification of law 法律分类Close corporati on内部持股公司Closely held corporation 内部持股公司Closing 终结，成交，结帐Closing argument 最后论述Clos ing stateme nt成交声明Code 法典Code of Judicial Conduct ?法官行为准那么?Codify 编成法典Co-felon 共同重罪犯Cohabitation 同居Collateral contract 附属合同Collegiate bench 合议席Collegiate panel 合议庭Commercial clause 商务条款，贸易条款Commercial law 商法Commercial paper 商务文件Commission 佣金Commit 交托，犯〔罪〕Commitment 犯罪，许诺，委托Commitment of financing 融资许诺Common law 普通法Common law damages 普通法赔偿金Common law legal system(family) 普通法法系Common law marriage 普通法婚姻Common property 共同财产Common stock 普通股票Community property 共同财产Comparative law 比拟法Comparative negligence 比拟过失Compensation 赔偿〔金〕Compe nsatory damage应予赔偿之损害Competence 管辖权限Competency 有效性Complaint 控告，申诉Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act 滥? 用毒品的综合预防与控制条例?Compulsory license 强制性许可Concur附条件地同意Concurring opinion 并存〔判决〕意见Confer 授与Conference 协商会议Confidential information 保密信息Confiscation 没收Conflict law 冲突法Congress 国会Consent 同意，认可Consideration 对价，约因Constitution 宪法Constitutional Convention 制宪会议Constitutional law 宪法Constitutional tort 宪法性侵权Constitutionality 合宪性Construction 〔法律的〕构造，解释Construe 解释，分析Consultation 磋商Con sumer protectio n statute 消费者保护法律Consumption tax 消费税Continental Law Legal System(or Family) 大陆法系Contingent fee 胜诉酬金Continuance 诉讼延期Contract 合同Contract dispute 合同纠纷Contract formation 合同构成Contract interpretation 合同解释Contract law 合同法Contract performance 合同履行contractor 承包商contravence 触犯;违犯contributory negligence 共同过失controlling law 应适应之法律conversion 非法占有convey 转让conveyance 转让convertible bond 可转换债券conviction 有罪判决convincing evidence 使人信服的证据copyright 版权;著作权corporal puni shme nt 肉体刑corporate camsel 公司法律参谋corporate excise tax 公司执照税corporate law 公司法corporation 公司corporation aggregate 合有公司corporation code 公司法典corporation law 公司法corporation sole 独有公司corpus 尸体;本金Council on legal Education Opportunities 法律教育时机委员会counselor （法律）参谋;律师counselor-at-law 律师court 法院;法官court decision 法院判决court fee 诉讼费court of appeals 上诉法院court of chancery 衡平法法院court of claims 索赔法院court of customs and Pate nt Appeals关税及专禾U上诉法院court of domestic relations 家庭关系法院court opinion 法院判决意见courtroom 法庭coverage 保险范围crime 犯罪crime code 刑法典crime homicide 有罪杀人crime justice system 刑事司法系统crime law 刑法crime liability 刑事责任crime procedure 刑事诉讼程序cross-examination 穿插盘问;盘诘cruel and unu sual puni shme nt 残忍和非常的刑罚cumulative evidence 累计证据curative 临时监护的curriculum guide 课程指南custody 监护custom duty 关税customary law 习惯法customary practice 惯例customs court 关税法院Ddamage 损害;损伤damage claim 损害赔偿请求damages 损害赔偿金deadlocked jury 僵局陪审团death penalty 死刑death tax 遗产税debenture 债单（券） debt securities 债权证券decide a case 判案deed 契约deed book 文契汇编defamation 诽谤default 不履行;违约defendant 被告人defence 辩护defence attorney 辩护律师defen se's case-i n-chief 辩护方主讼deficiency judgment 缺乏额判决degrees of murder 恶（意）杀人罪的等级delegation 授权delegated legislation 授权立法deliberate intention 成心deliberation （陪审团）评议demonstrative evidence 示意证据deprivation 剥夺derogatory treatment of the work 对作品的贬毁性处理（或使用） designs 设计detract 毁损;贬低developer （土地）开发商dicta 判决附带意见dignity 尊严direct evidence 直接证据direct examination 直接盘问direct tax 直接税disa bility insurance 残疾保险disabled dependent child 无谋生能力的残疾儿童discharge 辞退;释放discount 贴现;折扣discovery 要求告知discrete risk transfer product 离散性风险转移（保险）产品discretion 自由裁量权discriminatory 歧视性税收dispense 执行;施行dispute 争议;纠纷disposition 处置（权） dissent 异议;反对dissenting opinion 异议;反对意见dissolution 解散distort 歪曲;误解district attorney 地区检查官database right 数据权dividend 股息division of title 产权分割divorce 离婚docket备审案件目录doctrine法那么；原那么doctrine of constitutional supremacy 宪法至上原那么doctri ne of Maranda Warnings 米兰达忠告原那么docume nt文件;文书docume nt of title 产权证书domant Commerce Clause休眠的"贸易条款"domicile住所地double jeopardy 一罪二审draft起草;草拟draftma n起草者drug trade 毒品交易drug trafficking 毒品交易dry run干转;排练due dilige nee适当努力due process正当程序Due Process Clause正当程序条款due process test正当程序检验标准duratio n 期限duress强迫;胁迫duty义务;关税duty of care照看义务法律英语词汇〔3〕2021-12-20 21:03:22|分类：专业英语词汇阅读16评论0 字号：大中小订阅earn est money 定金easyme nt地役权ecclesiastical court 宗教法庭econo mic law 经济法effective date 生效日期effective time 生效时间element of crime 犯罪要素（件） empower 授权en act希9定;公布en banc全体法官出庭审判en croachme nt 侵占en cumbered property 抵押财产enforce实施；执行en forceable可强制执行的en forceability 可执行性enforcement of Law 执法English-American Legal System (or Family) 英吉利法系enjoi n(衡平〕强制令entail 限定继承entity 实体en vir onmen tai impact stateme nt 环境影响报告environmental Law 环境保护法Environmentai protection Agency(EPA) 环境保护局environmentai quaiity 环境质量equai protection ciause 平等保护条款equitabie reiief 衡平救济equity 衡平法equity Law 衡平法equity precedent 衡平法判例equity securities 产权证券；衡平证券error 过错escape 逃走；逃脱escrow 第三者保存合同essentiai justice 实质公正estate 财产；遗产estate tax 遗产税EU Directive欧盟指令evaiuate 评价evict 逐出〔租户〕evidence 证据evidentiary presumption 证据推定evidentiary ruie 证据规那么ex aequo at bono公平且善良examine 检查；盘问examination 检查；盘问exception 例外exception ciause 例外条款excise tax 执照税exciude 排除exciusive iisting 读家上市exciusive right 排他性权利exciusive tax situs 唯一征税地点excusabie homicide 可宽恕之杀人execute 执行；签属execution 执行executive acts 行政条例executive branch 行政部门executive order 行政命令executor (遗嘱〕执行人executor of estate 遗产执行人exemption 免除；豁免exhibit 展示物〔证〕exigent circumstance 紧急情况existing securities 上市证券exparte 单方面的expectation damages 预期赔偿金expert 专家〔证人〕expert testimony 专家证言expert witness 专家证人express contract 明示合同express statutory provision 法律明文规定express warranty 明示保证〔保修〕ex rel 依据揭发face amount 面颊face value 面植facilitate 促使：利于fact 事实fact in issue 争议事实factor 因素；代理商Factors Lien Act ?代理商留置权条例? Fair trial 公平审判false imprisonment 非法拘禁family law 家庭法fault 过错fault principle 过错原那么feasibility study 可行性研究Federal Administrative Procedure Act ?联邦行政程序Federal Antitrust Law ?联邦犯托拉斯法? federal convention 联邦制宪会议federal crime of murder 联邦杀人罪Federal Housing Act ?联邦住房条例?Federal Income Tax Act ?联邦所得税条例? federal judge 联邦法官Federal rules of civil procedure ?联邦民事诉讼规那么? Federal rules of criminal procedure ?联邦刑事诉讼规那么? Federal rules of evidence ?联邦证据规那么?Federal securities act 联? 邦证券条例? federal supremacy 联邦至上〔原那么〕Federal tort claims act ?联邦侵权索赔条例felon 重罪犯felony 重罪felony-murder重罪杀人fiduciary 受托人file 档案；注册file a petition呈交诉状；提出请求fine罚金fingerprint 手印fire in sura nee 火灾保险fire protect ion 消防first degree murder 一级谋杀first in sta nee —审fixture 〔不动产〕附属物flogging 烙印force of law法律效力forcible felony暴力性重罪foreign exchange risk 夕卜汇风险forfeiture没收；罚没form con tract格式合同form of evide nee 证据的形式formal adjudication 正式裁决formal rulemaking正式规那么制定formatio n 构成；鉴定fran chise tax特许经营税fraud诈欺free en terprise system 自由企业制度free moveme nt of goods自由物流，货物的自由流通freedom of choice 选择自由frustrate使受挫折fun dame ntal law 根本法fun dame ntal right 根本权利法律英语词汇〔4〕2021-12-20 21:04:29|分类：专业英语词汇阅读12评论0 字号：大中小订阅general acceptanee standarc科学证据的）公认标准gen eral part nership —般合伙gen eral property 一般财产〔权〕gen eral provisi ons 总那么geron tocratic 老人统治的gift tax赠予税gover nment tort政府侵权〔行为〕grant of power 授权gross n eglige nee 严重过失group in sura nee 团体保险guara ntee 担保guardia n监护人guardianship 监护权guidelines for sentencing 量刑指南guilt 有罪guilty 有罪的guilty 有罪辩论Hhabitual offender 惯犯hail insurance 冰雹保险handcuff 手铐handwriting 笔迹health insurance 安康保险health regulation 卫生法规hearing 听证〔会〕hearing of jury 陪审团听审hearsay 传闻证据heir 继承人hierarchy 等级制度high crime 重罪hold 认定；裁定holding 认定；裁定holding device 拥有手段〔形式〕homicide 杀人〔罪〕homosexuality 同性恋house counsel 〔公司〕专职法律参谋husband-wiferelationship 夫妻关系husband-wife tort 夫妻侵权〔行为〕Id. 同上identification 认定；确认身份；身份证ignore 无视；驳回illegal 非法的；违法的immaterial 无实质性的immigration law 移民法immovable property 不动产immunity 豁免〔权〕impair 损害；削弱impeachment 弹劾；质疑implementation 实施；执行implied contract 默认合同implied warranty 默认保证〔保修〕imprisonment 监禁imputable可归罪于 ... 的imputation 归罪in re 关于；案由in recess 休庭in rem 对物的〔诉讼〕in session 开庭inadmissible evidence 不可采证据incarceration 禁闭；监禁incest 乱伦income tax 所得税Income Tax Act ?所得税条例? income tax on corporations 公司所得税income tax on individuals 个人所得税incompetence 无行为能力；无法律资格incompetent 无行为能力的；无法律资格的incorporation 法人；公司；组成公司incorporator 公司创办人in depe ndent regulatory age ncy 独立规制机构indicative list 指导性名单indictment 起诉书indirect evidence 间接证据indirect tax 间接税individual choice 个人选择〔权〕individual freedom 个人自由individual omni competence 个人全权individual proprietorship 个体业主individual right 个人权利ineffective 失效的inequality 不平等infamous 罪恶的；丑恶的inference 推理;推论infliction 处分informal adjudication 非正式裁决informal rulemaking 非正式规那么制定information 信息; 控告书infomer 耳目;情报员initial ruling 初步裁定injunction 禁令;强制令injunctive relief 强制救济injure 伤害injustice 不公正innocence 无罪innocent 无罪的;无罪者innocent owner defense 无过错所有人辩护inquiry 调查inquisitiorial system 纠问式诉讼制度insane 精神失常insanity defense 精神失常辩护inspection 检查;审查installment land vendor 分期付款的土地出售人installment plan agreement 分期付款购物协议instruction 指示instrument 文件insurable interest 可保利益insurable loss 可保损失insurance agent 保险代理商insurance binder 临时保单insurance broker 保险中间人insurance card 保险卡in sura nee coverage 保险范围insurance law 保险法insurance policy 保险单;险种insurance premium 保险费in sura nee proceeds 保险收益insurance product 保险工程insured 被保险人insurer 保险人intangible 无形的intangible damage 无形损害intangible property 无形财产intangible personal property 无形的人身财产（权） inter alia 除了别的以外interfere 干预;侵犯interlocutory injunction 临时强制令;（诉讼）中间的强制令intermediate appellate court 中级上诉法院intermetional business 调解interrogation 国际商务intentional 成心的intentional tort 成心侵权行为interest 利息;权益;利益interest rate risk 利率风险interview 询问invalid 无效的;不合法的invalidate 使无效invasion of privacy 侵犯隐私权in vestigati on 侦查;调查in vestme nt 投资investment portfolio risk 投资风险组合investment securities 投资证券irreleva ncy无相关性irreleva nt不相关的irreleva nt evide nee无相关性证据irrevocable不可撤销的irrevocable life in sura nee trust不可撤销的人寿保险信托iti nerant judge 巡回法官法律英语词汇〔5〕2021-12-20 21:05:16|分类：专业英语词汇阅读19评论0 字号：大中小订阅Jjoint tenancy共同租借（权）joi nt ven ture合资企业joi nt ven ture corporati on 合资公司joi nt ven ture with Chin ese and foreig n inv estme nt 中外合资企业judge 法官judge-made law 法官立法judge's chamber 法官室judge's charge to jury法官对陪审团的指令judge's in struction to jury 法官对陪审团的指示judgme nt判决，裁定judicial branch 司法部门judicial clerkship 法院书记员职位judicial decision 法官职位judicial district 司法区judicial in terpretati on 司法解释judicial no tice 司法任职judicial opi nio n 法官判决意见judicial review 司法审查judicial scruti ny 司法检查judicial subjectivity 审判主观性judicial system 法院系统judiciary 法官jurisdict ion 司法管辖区jurisprudenee 法理学juror 陪审员jury 陪审团jury charge法官对陪审团的指令jury pool 待选陪审员库jury selection 挑选陪审员jury trial 陪审团制justice 公正，大法官justice of the peace 治安法官justifiable homicide 正当杀人juvenile court 未成年人法庭juvenile delinquency 未成年人违法行为KKey man assurance 关键人保险Key pers on in sura nee关键人保险Kickbacks 回扣Kill 杀人Killer 杀人者Know-how 技术秘密，商业秘密Lland use law 土地使用法last elear ehanee doetrine 最后明显时机法那么law 法，法律law firm 律师事务所law mereha nt商业习惯法law of evide nee 证据法law reform 法律改革lawsuit 诉讼，官司lawyer 律师lawyer in government 政府律师；官方律师lawyer in private praetiee 私人开业律师lawyerette 律师娘lawman 外行人lay witness 普通证人；非专家证人lease 租赁lease agreement 租赁协议legaey 遗产legaey tax 遗产税legal 合法的legal adviee 法律咨询legal eommentary 法律评论legal edueation 法律教育legal effeet 法律教育legal enforeement 法律效力legal English 法律英语legal family 法系legal history 法律史legal instrument 法律文件legal mecha nism 法律机希9 legal memora ndum 法律备忘录legal methodology 法律方法论legal order法律秩序legal problem法律问题legal professi on 法律职业legal protectio n 法律保护legal relati on ship 法律关系legal represe ntative 法律代表legal safeguard法律保障〔措施〕legal system法律体系；法律制度legal theorist法学理论家legal writing法律文书写作legalese法律涩语legality 法制legislatio n 立法legislative branch 立法部门legislative history 立法史legislature立法机关legitimate 合法的levy征收〔税〕liability责任；债务liability in sura nee 责任保险liberty 自由license plate〔车〕执照牌lice nse tax 执照税lien留置〔权〕life estate终生财〔遗〕产life in sura nee 人寿保险limited part nership 有限合伙liquidated damages 预定违约金liquidity risk流动资金风险literary property 著作产权litigant诉讼当事人litigation诉讼；打官司livestock in sura nee 家畜保险loan贷款lord cha ncellor （英国）大法官loss of rights丧失权利Jurisprude nee History of Legal Systems and Con stituti on按照法律规定according to law按照确定的份额分享权力：be en titled to rights in proporti on to his proper share of the credit按照确定的份额分担义务：assume obligati ons in proportio n to his proper share of the debt案例教学法case system案例汇编case book； case report law report柏拉图Plato?保护人权与根本自由公约？〔1950〕Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fun dame ntal Freedoms 1950 〔罗〕被视为be deemed as被宣布为非法be outlawed； be declared illegal比拟法comparative law比拟法学comparative jurisprudence比拟法学派school of comparative jurisprudence比拟法制史comparative legal history比拟分析法method of comparative analysis比拟刑法comparative pen al law比拟刑法学comparative penal jurisprudence必然因果关系positive causal relati on ship边缘法学borderline jurisprudence变通方法adaptation； accommodation补充规定supplementary provision补救方法remedial measures不成文法unwritten law不成文宪法unwritten constitution不动产所在地法律law of the place where the real property is situated lex loci rei immobilisci不可分割的权利impartible right不可抗力force majuere不可侵犯性inviolability不可让与性inalienability不履行法律义务non-performa nee of obligati on不要式行为in formal act不要因的法律行为non-causal juristic act不因实效而丧失的权利imprescriptible right不作为abstain from an act act of omission咅部门法department law咅部门规章regulation参照consult参照具体情况in the light of actual conditions参照原文consult the original查士丁尼法典Code Justinian；Codex Justinianus查士丁尼法规汇编Authe nticum超出法律范围的outside of law超出法律权限的extralegal超过权限exceed authority; beyond jurisdiction成文法written law成文宪法writte n con stituti on冲突法conflict of laws ；rules of conflict冲突规那么conflict rule ；rule of conflict除〔本法〕另有规定夕卜except for otherwise stipulated〔by this law〕除外条款provisory clause除外责任条款exclusion clause触犯公共禾U益encroach on the public interests触犯国际利益go against the state's interests触犯人民禾U益encroach on the interests of the peopl; go against the people's in terests传统法律观念traditional ideas of law纯粹法学pure theory of law次要法规by law次要规那么secondary rule从宽解释原那么doctri ne of liberal con structi on从权利」accessory right至U达法定年龄come of age大法the fun dame ntal law大法官Lord High Cha ncellor大法官法院Court of Chancery大陆法系Continen tal Legal System大律师barrister?大明律？Crimi nal Law of the Mi ng Dy nasty 〔中〕大陪审团grand jury?大清律例?the Crimi nal Laws of the Qing Dy nasty 〔中〕?大宪章？〔 1215〕Great Charte , 1215〔英〕单行法规 specific regulati ons单一法律体系 un itary legal system单一制政府 un itary gover nment但书 proviso当代法学动向 current trend of jurisprudeneen atural in terpretati onparty discipli ne and the law of the country?德国民法典？German Civil code德拉古Draco地方各级人民代表大会 local people's con gresses at differe nt levels地方各级人民法院 local people's courts at different levels地方各级人民检察院 local people's procuratorates at different levels地方各级人民政府 local people's governments at different levels第二读 sec ond read ing第三读 third reading二元论 the dualistic theory二元君主立宪制 dual con stituti onal mon archy system二元论 the dualistic theory二元论者dualist二元制9 bicameral system法的本质 the nature of law当然解释 党纪国法 道德标准 norm of morality道德义务 moral obligati on法的变化changes of law法的定义definition of law法的开展development of law法的分类divisions of law法的概念concepts of law法的标准作用normalized usage of law法的继承succession of law法的精神spirit of law法的可预测性foreseeability of law法的类型types of law法的历史类型的更替the replacement of one historical mode of law by another 法的历史渊源historical origin of law法的连续性con tin uity of law法的内容con texts of law法的社会作用social usage of law法的生效operation of law法的实现realization of law法的特征character of law法的现象legal phenomenon法的消亡withering away of law法的形式渊源formal source of law法的要素elements of law法的渊源source of law法的职能function of law法的作用role of law法典code； statute book法典编纂codification of codes法定成年人的年龄age of majority；legal age法定程序legal procedure法定处分statutory penalty法定代理人：age nt ad litem法定解释statutory interpretation法定量刑情节legally prescribed circumstances of sentencing 法定年龄legal age；lawful age法定年龄限希9 a statutory age limit法定期间prescribed time法定期限legal term法定权禾legal right; right entitled by law法定权限limits of power prescribed by law法定人数quorum法定日appo in ted day法定时间appo in ted time法定时效statutory prescription法定条件legal condition法定限制statutory restrictions法定效力statutory force法定刑legally-prescribed punishment法定形式legal form法定责任statutory duty法定追溯期time of legal memory法定最高刑maximum statutory penalty; maximum statutory sentence 法官judge法官的自由裁量权judge's power of discreti on法官权力范围extent of judge's power法官心证judge's mental impression法官中立原那么Nemo debt esse judex in propria causa法规编纂condification of laws and regulations法规的解释interpretation of statutes法规汇编corpus of the laws and regulations?法国民法典？Code Civile de Francais〔法〕法理jurisprudenee； principle of law法理学家jurisprudent法律保护legal protection法律编纂codification法律标准legal standards法律补救legal redress法律部门legal department法律草案draft regulations法律措施legal measures法律大全Corpus legum法律的外乡化和改写the localizatio n and adaptii on of laws 法律大全Corpus legum法律的本质esse nee of law法律的地位position of law法律的定义definition of law法律的废止abolishment of law法律的公共秩序论public order theory of law法律的标准性normalization of law法律的继承sueeession of law法律的理想ideal of law法律的权威authority of law法律的失效lapse of law法律的实施administration of law ；law enforeement 法律的适用applieation of law法律的统一unifieation of law法律的推定presumption of law法律的推理analogy of law法律的完整性integrity of law法律的效力范围foree's seale of law法律的效力形式foree's form of law法律的修改alteration of law法律的演进evolutin of law法律的原理prineiple of law法律地位平等equal in legal status法律对人的效力person al aet of law编纂法律方法legal methodology法律分类classification of law法律赋予权力authority con ferred by law法律改革law reform法律概念legal concept法律根据legal basis法律工作者legal professional法律关系legal relation法律关系的运行process of legal relati on法律关系客体object of legal relation法律关系主体subject of legal relation法律规定provisions of law法律标准norm of law法律标准的逻辑构造logical structure of legal rule 法律规那么体系system of legal rules法律含义intendment of law法律另有规定：otherwise stipulated by law法律现象legal phenomenon法律研究legal research法律要件legal requirement法律依据legal basis法律意见legal advice法律意见书legal opinion法律意识law-consciousness法律秩序legal order法律主体资格 capacity as a subject of law法律意义 legal sense法律用语 legal language法律与正义先验论 a prior theory of law and justice法律渊源 source of law法律原本注释gloss法律原理 legal doctrines法律原那么 principle of legality法律援助legal aid法律约束 legal binding ； legal restraint法律责任 legal responsibility法律责任的道义根底 moral basic of legal obligatio n法律责任的归结 imputat on of legal resp on sibility法律责任的认定 determ in atio n of legal resp on sibility法律责任的执行 en forceme nt of legal resp on sibility法律责任客体 object of legal responsibility法律责任主体 subject of legal responsibility法律哲学 philosophy of law ； philosophie du droit 〔法〕；法律政策 policy of the law 法律职业道德legal ethics法律指导 legal counsel法律制裁 legal sanction法律制度 regime of law ； legal systemphilosophia juris法律主张propositi on of law法律属地原那么territoriality of laws法律著述legal literature法律专家legal expert法律专业legal profession法律专著和教科书legal treati法律咨询legal advice法律尊严legal sanctity法盲legal illiterates法权right法社会学sociology of law法系legal system法协会law society法学jurisprudenee法学博士doctor of jurisprudenee法学导论leading principles of law法学的范畴体系the system of categories of jurisprude nee法学的范畴意识the con scious ness of category of jurisprude nee 法学的基石范畴fun dame ntal categories of jurisprude nee法学方法method of jurisprudenee法学方法论methodology of jurisprudenee法学会law society法学教科书law textbooks法学理论theory of law ；legal theory法学权威an academic authority in law法学士bachelor of law法学体系system of jurisprudenee法学通论first principles of law法学院faculty of law ；law school法医forensic medicine法医学forensic medicine法院court法院调查judicial investigation法院管辖权compete nee of court法院管辖以外的extrajudicial法院判决court decision法院系统court structure法院组织法judicature act法那么articles法哲学philosophy of law法制legal institution法制传统tradition of law system法制的精神spirit of legality法制的尊严dignity of the legal system法制观念legal concept法制观念淡薄very weak in the understanding of law 法制9 教育legal education； education of legal system 法制史legal history；history of legal system法治rule of law法治的机希9 the mechanism of rule of law法治的要素the element of rule of law非实质的immaterial非营禾的non-profit非约束性条款permissive provision废止法律annulment of law分别管辖权separate jurisdiction分别财产希9 separation of property regime分别规定separate provision分担责任share the responsibility分工负责，互相配合，互相制约divide responsibility for their own work ；coordi nate their efforts and check each other分工负责制division of labor responsibility system分级管理different levels holding different responsibilities分配制度distribution system分析法理学analytical jurisprudence否决权power veto； veto power否认事实denial of facts服从法律amenable to law subject to the law服从判决accept a judgment符合程序be in order符合法律be in conformity with law符合宪法constitutionality。
法律英语法律术语
1、TWO MAIN LEGAL FAMILIESCommon/English/English-American Law (Legal) System/Family普通法系- case law system- Anglo-Saxon case-law system- Anglo-American legal systemContinental/Roman/Civil Law (Legal) System/Family大陆法系- civilian legal system- civil-law system2、civil law民法、国内法、罗马法、大陆法3、substantive Law（实体法）VS procedural Law（程序法）4、case law（案例法）vs. statutory law（成文法）statutory / written / codified / enacted law制定法、成文法5、adversary trial system（对抗制）vs. inquisitorial system （纠问制）6、jury trial system陪审团制度7、The reports of the United States Supreme Court联邦最高法院判例汇编The reports of some States州法院判例汇编8、legal cases法律案例9、private law and / vs. public law10、the statutory law continues to be subject to binding interpretation through case law（其成文法继续适用通过判例法(注：即先例)进行的有约束力的解释）11、Common law (in narrow sense):- common general law- local law- itinerant judges of the English royal court- enforcement of a claim- special form of action: writ- classical Roman law- Provisions of Oxford (1258)牛津条例- “writ upon the case”本案令状12、enforcement 强制执行；claim 请求；action 诉讼行为；writ 法院令状；recourse 追索权；追索，追偿13、Equity law衡平法- “ equity ”——doing equity- chancellor- relief 救济- judiciary- Court of Chancery （衡平法院）and / vs. ordinary common law courts-maxim- fixed, inflexible- equitable doctrines (e.g. law of salvage at sea)- In a conflict between law & equity,equity should prevail.14、awardcompensatory, compensatedamagesspecific performance特定履行|实际履行injunction强制令real/immoveable property（不动产）and / vs. personal/moveable property （动产）15、c ommon law remedy/relief:普通法救济- (compensatory) damages金钱赔偿16、e quity/equitable remedies/relief:衡平法救济- injunction ( a temporary or final order to do or not to do a specific act)强制令- specific performance (a party to an agreement is ordered by the court to perform his obligations according to the terms of the agreement)- restitution17、judicialexpress （明示）vs. implied （默示）provision, providejurisdiction 管辖区域,法域; (司法）管辖权civil suit民事诉讼titlethe law of property财产法before the judge在法庭上17、a pply/applicable/available适用于be subject to受。
常用法律术语
法律英语常用词汇大全----好不容易找到了---------对自己说加油啊!一、律师部分案件受理费court acceptance fee案情重大、复杂important and complicated case案由cause of action案子case包揽诉讼monopolize lawsuits被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件)被上诉人appellee被诉人respondent; defendant本案律师councel pro hac vice本地律师local counsel毕业证diploma; graduation certificate辩护词defense; pleadings辩护律师defense lawyer辩护要点point of defense辩护意见submission财产租赁property tenancy裁定书order; ruling; determination（指终审裁定）裁决书award（用于仲裁）裁决书verdict（用于陪审团）采信的证据admitted evidence; established evidence草拟股权转让协议drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests查阅法条source legal provisions产权转让conveyancing出差go on errand; go on a business trip出国深造further study abroad出具律师意见书providing legal opinion出示的证据exhibit出庭appear in court传票summons; subpoena答辩状answer; reply代理词representation代理房地产买卖与转让agency for sale and transfer of real estate代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations代理仲裁agency for arbitration代写文书drafting of legal instruments待决案件pending case当事人陈述statement of the parties第三人third party吊销执业证revocation of lawyer license调查笔录investigative record调查取证investigation and gathering for evidence 调解mediation调解书mediation二审案件case of trial of second instance发送电子邮件send e-mail法律顾问legal consultants法律意见书legal opinions法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal counseling法庭division; tribunal法学博士学位LL.D (Doctor of Laws)法学会law society法学课程legal courses法学硕士学位LL.M (Master of Laws)法学系faculty of law; department of law法学学士学位LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)J.D ( juris doctor缩写，美国法学学士)法学院law school2.法院公告court announcement反诉状counterclaim房地产律师real estate lawyer; real property lawyer非合伙律师associate lawyer非诉讼业务non-litigation practice高级合伙人senior partner高级律师senior lawyer各类协议和合同agreements and contracts 公安局Public Security Bureau公司上市company listing公诉案件public-prosecuting case公证书notarial certificate国办律师事务所state-run law office国际贸易international trade国际诉讼international litigation国内诉讼domestic litigation合伙律师partner lawyer合伙制律师事务所law office in partner-ship; cooperating law ofice合同审查、草拟、修改contract review, drafting and revision会见当事人interview a client会见犯罪嫌疑人interview a criminal suspect兼职律师part-time lawyer常用法律名词解读1.Ab initio从开始形容事件由开始时的状态，例如合约从开始便已经无效，称为“The contract was void ab initio”。
法律英语术语词汇表
party opposing a will 反对遗嘱的一方substituted as a party 代入成为一方the party making default 失责的一方the party in fault 犯错失的一方party to . . . contract 合约一方a party on the same side 同造一方interested party 有利害关系的一方party to the agreement 协议一方injured party 受害一方party 案中一方be substituted as a party 替代……而成为案中一方aggrieved party 感到受屈的一方party to legal proceedings 与讼一方opposite party 对立的一方a party on the other side 对造一方party setting up the will 确立遗嘱的一方party 一方当事人unanimous vote 一致表决unanimous verdict 一致裁决general proxy 一般代表general right of audience 一般出庭发言权ordinary jurisdiction 一般司法管辖权generally or in any particular case 一般地或在任何个别情况下general safety certificate 一般安全证明书general bonded warehouse 一般保税仓general power of appointment 一般指定受益的权力general authority 一般授权general power of attorney 一般授权书general waiver 一般宽免general administrator 一般遗产管理人common duty of care 一般谨慎责任ab initio 一开始on conviction upon indictment 一经循公诉程序定罪lump sum 一整笔款项Letter"B"land exchange entitlements “乙种”换地权益书small house holding 丁屋土地small house grant 丁屋批租约compound 了结liquidation 了结pending 仍未了结in full discharge of 完全了结compound an offence 就某罪行作出了结satisfies the claim 了结申索compound legal proceedings 了结法律程序satisfaction of the cause of action 了结诉讼因由unqualified person 不合资格人士public 公众人士qualified person 合资格人士2 or more persons 多于一名人士person aggrieved 受屈人士British protected person 受英国保护人士lay persons 非[法律]专业人士illegitimate person 非婚生人士British subject 英籍人士individual 个别人士individual 个别人士sentenced persons 被判刑人士adopted person 被领养人士professional person 专业人士stateless person 无国籍人士lay persons 业外人士legitimate person 获确立婚生地位人士subjects 人民person 人身personal inviolability 人身不得侵犯权personal freedom 人身自由attack on . . . person 人身受到攻击writ of habeas corpus 人身保护令writ of habeas corpus 人身保护令状personal injury 人身伤害guardian of the person 人身监护人Registration of Persons Tribunal 人事登记审裁处officer 人员public official 公务人员public servant 人员public officer 公职人员public servant 人员judicial officer 司法人员diplomatic agent 外交人员eligible officer 合资格人员coroner's officer 死因裁判人员Attesting Officer 见证人员escort officer 押送人员escorting officer 人员officer of the Court 法院人员officer of the Court 法院人员legal officer 律政人员designee 指定人员designated public officer 指明公职人员directorate disciplined officer 纪律部队首长级人员member of the Customs and Excise Service 海关人员authorized officer 特准人员officer 高级人员managing officer 高级管理人员detective 侦缉人员law enforcement officer 执法人员officer of justice 人员consular agent 领使人员gazetted officer 宪委级人员authorized officer 获授权人员customs officer 关员级人员humanitarian grounds 人道理由life insurance 人寿保险life insurance policy 人寿保险单ethnic origins 人种本源hostage 人质fit person 合适人选suitable person 人选fit and proper person 适当人选human rights 人权Bill of Rights 人权法案Human Organ Transplant Board 人体器官移植委员会premium 入股金burglary 入屋犯法burglary 入屋犯法burglary 入屋犯法罪income tax 入息税hospital order 入院令incriminate 入罪a person's right not to incriminate himself 任何人不使自己入罪的权利land 入境Immigration Department Detention Quarters 入境事务处羁留所Immigration Tribunal 入境事务审裁处immigrant 入境者entry permit 入境证attendance order 入学令full consideration 十足代价full valuable consideration 十足有值代价full operation 十足效力full costs 十足讼费complete indemnity 十足弥偿majority of two-thirds 三分之二大多数triad society 三合会triad society 三合会社团superior landlord 上一级业主listed 上市listed company 上市公司listed shares 上市股份listed securities 上市证券appeal 上诉appeal by way of petition 以呈请方式提出上诉cross-appeal 交相上诉further appeal 再上诉further appeal 再上诉criminal appeals 刑事上诉administrative appeal 行政上诉appeal abandoned 放弃上诉interlocutory appeal 非正审上诉notice of appeal against the judgment 针对判决的上诉通知书lodge an appeal 提出上诉prosecute an appeal 上诉further appeal 进一步上诉leave to appeal out of time 逾期上诉许可oppose an appeal 对上诉抗辩dismiss an appeal 驳回上诉hearing of appeals 审理上诉appellant 上诉人appellate jurisdiction 上诉司法管辖权appeal by way of a case stated 上诉用案件呈述的方式Appeal Committee 上诉委员会the Court of Appeal 上诉法庭Justice of Appeal 上诉法庭法官president of the Court of Appeal 上诉法庭庭长vice-presidents of the Court of Appeal 上诉法庭副庭长appeal frustrated 上诉的目的不能达致leave to appeal 上诉的许可right of appeal 上诉的权利list of appeals 上诉案件聆讯表appeal withdrawn 上诉被撤回notice of motion of appeal 上诉动议通知书上诉得直allow an appeal 上诉得直grounds of appeal 上诉理由grounds of appeal 上诉理由application for leave to appeal 上诉许可申请书notice of appeal 上诉通知notice of appeal 上诉通知书notice of appeal against the judgment 针对判决的上诉通知书appeal aid certificate 上诉援助证书Register of Appeals 上诉登记册party to the appeal 上诉当事人memorandum of appeal 上诉摘要appeal dismissed 上诉驳回list of appeals 上诉审讯表appellate tribunal 上诉审裁处appeal disposed of 上诉获得解决right of appeal 上诉权attendance order 上课令inferior landlord 下一级业主next port of call 下一停靠港order 下令poisoning 下毒inferior court 下级法庭the court below 下级法庭inferior court 下级法院predecessor in title of 之前的所有权持有人oral submissions 口述陈词viva voce 口头方式oral proceedings 口头的法律程序examined viva voce 口头讯问oral examination 口头讯问viva voce questions 口头问题oral statement 口头陈述oral statement 口头陈述oral cross-examination 口头盘问re-examine viva voce 口头覆问oral testimony 口头证供oral evidence 口头证据direct oral evidence 直接口头证据land 土地small house holding 丁屋土地leased land 已批租土地partition of property in land 分划土地财产unleased land 未批租土地shares in land 在土地所占的份数beneficial enjoyment of land 在土地实益享有的利益recover land 收回土地resumption of land 土地acquisition of land 收购土地settled land 有限制授予的土地land granted at nil premium 免收地价批给的土地leasehold 批租土地leasehold property 批租土地财产leasehold interest 批租土地权益private land 私人土地Government land 政府土地re-entry 重收土地leasehold 租赁土地State land 国家土地enclosed land 围封土地payable out of land 就土地而缴付land of any tenure 属任何保有形式的土地real and assumed property 土地及其它财产real and assumed property 土地及其它财产land exchange entitlement 土地交换权利land valuation 土地估价Land Commission 土地委员会leases of land 土地契约mortgage on land 土地按揭land . . . held by . . . at will 土地租赁为不定期real property 土地财产wayleave 土地通行权Land Development Corporation 土地发展公司real action 土地诉讼land registration 土地注册Land Registry 土地注册处Land Registrar 土地注册处处长Land Registry register 土地注册处注册纪录册Lands Tribunal 土地审裁处Presiding Officer, Lands Tribunal 土地审裁处法官President, Lands Tribunal 土地审裁处庭长land acquisition 土地征用devisee 土地遗赠继承人interests in land 土地权益Chancery,Family and Queen's Bench Divisions 大法官法庭、家事法庭及皇座法庭substantial shareholder 大股东majority shareholder controller 大股东控权人barrister 大律师barristers-at-law 大律师counsel 大律师employment of counsel 延聘大律师pupil 见习大律师取消大律师资格disbarred委托大律师instruct counsel律师或大律师attorney首席大律师leading counsel香港大律师公会Hong Kong Bar Association香港大律师公会执行委员会Bar Council of the Hong Kong Bar Association资深大律师Senior Counsel实习大律师pupil获认许为大律师called to the Bar大律师公会Hong Kong Bar Association大律师名册panels of counsel大律师行业或律师行业the practice of law大律师见习职位pupillage大律师事务所barristers' chambers大律师事务所chambers of counsel大律师的收费counsel's fees大律师书记barrister's clerk大律师登记册roll of barristers大赦amnesty子女夫妾关系中的子女 a child of a union of concubinage未成年子女minor child受供养子女dependent children尚在其母腹中的子女 a child en ventre sa mere 非婚生子女 a child not born in wedlock子女illegitimate child婚生子女legitimate child寄养子女foster child领养的子女adopted child谊子女godchild谊子女godchild亲生子女natural child获确立婚生地位子女legitimated child继子女step-child子女抚恤金children's pension子民与子民之间的诉讼action between subjects 小股东控权人minority shareholder controller委员小组panel法律顾问小组panel of legal advisers纪律审裁小组disciplinary tribunal备选委员小组panel审裁小组panel审裁委员小组panel of adjudicators小组委员会committee小额钱债审裁处Small Claims Tribunal小额钱债审裁处诉讼人储存金账户Small Claims Tribunal Suitors' Funds Account小额薪酬索偿仲裁处Minor Employment Claims Adjudication Board工作天business day工作天working day工作日working day工作守则code of practice工伤industrial injury工伤导致伤残industrial disablement工业知识know-how工业知识的权利rights to know-how工资wages已完税货品duty-paid goods已届成年of age 73已届成年并具行为能力of full age and capacity 已拒付汇票的参加承兑acceptance for honour supra protest已采取所有合理的预防措施took all reasonable precautions已提供付款的诉plea of tender已登记所有人registered proprietors已登记押记registered charge已登记职工会联会registered trade union federation已进行部分聆讯part-heard已过时的条例obsolete Ordinances已缴足股款的股份fully paidup shares已证明债权的债权人creditor who has proved his debt干预intervention干预tamper with干扰disturb干扰interfere干扰tampered干扰quiet possession干扰证人interfere with a witness不人道inhumane不小心或不谨慎want of the due care or caution 不公平inequitable不公平的手法unfair tactics不公正的情况 a miscarriage of justice不公开in private不分割份数undivided share不分割份额undivided share不付款而离去making off without payment不可抗力force majeure不可抗力force majeure不可侵犯权inviolability不可商售的货品unmerchantable goods不可推翻地推定conclusively presumed不可推翻的证据conclusive evidence不可阅的形式non-legible form不可转让non-assignable不再服务薪津non-effective pay不合并nonjoinder不合情理的作为unconscionable act不合理地unreasonably不合理的风险undue risk不合理的条款unreasonable terms不同控罪distinct charges不在犯罪现场alibi不在犯罪现场详情的通知notice of particulars of the alibi不在讼案内的法律程序proceeding not in a cause 公约的缔约成员party to Convention公约国Convention country公约国Convention State公约船Convention ship公约裁决Convention award公约证明书Convention certificates公海high seas公务人员public official公务人员public servant公务人员体系public service公务员public servant公务员事务规例Civil Service Regulations公务员 用委员会Public Service Commission 公众public不许公众旁听任何法律程序exclusion of the public from any proceedings公开及公众法庭open and public court令公众觉得不雅的行为offence against public decency向公众招标put up for public tender为保障公众起见for the protection of the public 为保障公众起见for the protection of the public 公众人士public公众公司public companies公众安宁public peace公众利益public advantage公众利益public benefit公众利益public interest令公众利益受到损害injurious to the public interest合乎公众利益in the public interest为公众利益in the public interest符合公众利益in the public interest损害公众利益injurious to the public interest违反公众利益contrary to the public interest公众取用public access公众保税仓public bonded warehouse公众查阅期public inspection period公众海旁public water-front公众假日general holiday公众假日public holiday公众假期general holiday公众假期public holiday公众条例public Ordinance公众集结场所place of public assembly公众骚乱public disturbance公诉indictment可公诉罪行indictable offence可提出公诉an indictment may be preferred撤销公诉书quash the indictment独立公诉书separate indictment公诉法律程序proceedings on indictment公诉法律程序proceedings on indictment公诉书bill of indictment公诉书indictment公诉书拟稿bill of indictment公诉提控arraigned公诉程序indictment一经循公诉程序定罪on conviction upon indictment可循公诉程序审讯triable upon indictment可循公诉程序审讯的罪行offence triable upon indictment循公诉程序upon indictment循公诉程序定罪conviction upon indictment公诉罪行indictable offence公开投标public tender公开拍卖public auction公开法律程序proceedings in public公开法庭open court公开研讯程序proceedings in public公开讯问public examination公开聆讯heard in open court公开聆讯public hearing公开聆讯方式open court公开议事程序proceedings in public公认配偶reputed spouse公敌public enemy公敌行为act of public-enemies公历月calendar month公历年calendar year公积金provident fund公营单位public sector entity公断reference公断人umpire公职public office公职public service公职人员public officer公职人员public servant公职人员法团incorporated public officer公职服务public service公职检控官public prosecutor公证人notary public法律公证人notary public特别公证人special referee公证人注册纪录册register of notaries public 公证行为notarial acts公证作为notarial act公证承付act of honour公证承付notarial act of honour公证特权notarial faculty公证开支notarial expenses公摊办法pooling arrangements分包合约subcontract分包销sub-underwriting分包销合约subunderwriting contract分行登记证branch registration certificate分居separation合法分居legal separations裁判分居judicial separation分居契据deed of separation分居配偶separated spouse分契sub-deed分段section地段的小分段subsection of a lot地段的分段section of a lot分租sub-lease分租sub-letting分租sublet分租underlease分租underlet独立分租separate letting分租人under-lessor派生的分租人derivative under-lessor原本的分租人original under-lessor分租承租人sub-lessee分租契sub-lease分租契承租人sub-lessee分租客sub-tenant分租约underlease分租租契sub-lease分租租契under-lease派生的分租租契derivative under-lease原本的分租租契original under-lease分租租契协议agreement for an under-lease分租租赁sub-tenancy分区土地注册处District Land Registry分割partitioned分期by instalments分期付款协议hiring agreement分期付款租购协议hire purchase agreement分期执行的监禁刑期consecutive sentences of imprisonment分期执行的监禁刑期consecutive sentences of imprisonment分开居住live apart分开审讯separate trial分划partition分划土地财产partition of property in land分担contribution分担人contributory分担提供contribute分担款项contribution分担费contribution分担费用contribution分担开支令Contribution Order分担过失contributory fault分摊apportion分摊apportionment分摊基准basis of apportionment分权共有tenancy in common分权共有人co-owner分权共有人tenants in common分权共有财产common property分权共有权ownership in common友好调解人amiable compositeur反申索counterclaim以抵销或反申索方式作出的申索claim by way of set-off or counterclaim反申索的抗辩书defence to counterclaim反申索书counterclaim反向回购reverse repos反指控counter-charges反指称counter allegations反要求cross demand反要求cross demand反控告counter-charges反通知书counter-notice反陈述counter-statement反诉counter-claim反诉cross-proceedings反对以法律程序各方未全为由而提出反对object for want of parties在无反对的情况下作出的命令orders in default法律上的反对legal objection提出反对lodge an objection无人反对的破产呈请unopposed bankruptcy petition令提出反对因由的命令an order to show cause反对人objector反对劫持人质国际公约International Convention against the Taking of Hostages反对者objector反对通知notice of opposition反对通知书notice of objection反对通知书notice of opposition反对遗嘱的一方party opposing a will反驳disprove反驳rebut反驳rebuttal反驳陈述statement of objections反驳证据rebutting evidence反证disproving天灾act of God太平绅士justice太平绅士justice of the peace夫妾关系union of concubinage夫妾关系union of concubinage夫妾关系中的子女 a child of a union of concubinage少年juvenile少年人young person少年犯人juvenile offender少年法庭juvenile court少年罪犯young offenders少年罪犯youthful offender证明文件certificate文件documentary identification文件documentary proof权利文件entitlement document权限文件authority文件清单lists of documents文件透露discovery of documents文件证物documentary exhibits令人反感的文字offensive writing带永久形式诽谤的文字libellous writing煽动文字seditious words遗嘱性质文字testamentary writing文字商标word trade mark文告proclamation文书instrument文书错误clerical mistakes方party方案plan日内瓦各项公约Geneva Conventions欠妥defect所有权欠妥defect in title欠妥之处defect欠缺抗辩书in default of defence欠缺所有权want of title欠缺状书in default of pleading欠缺真诚want of good faith欠款证明书certificate of arrears欠缴default of payment止赎foreclosure止赎或赎回任何按揭foreclosure or redemption of any mortgage止赎的权利right to foreclose止赎诉讼foreclosure action止赎权foreclosure比例代表名单制the list system of proportional representation比例代表原则 principle of proportionate representation水务监督Water Authority水域territorial sea火器firearm火险fire insurance火警危险令fire hazard order代替其父母地位的人person standing in loco parentis to him身居父母地位in loco parentis前父母former parent配偶的父母parents-in-law领养父母adoptive parent谊父母godparent养父母adoptive parent亲生父母natural parents继父母step parent父母权利parental rights父系male line指认父亲putative father领养父亲或母亲adopting parent领养父亲或领养母亲adopting parent据称的父亲reputed father亲生父亲或母亲natural parent世系stock世界人权宣言Universal Declaration of Human Rights世界贸易组织协议World Trade Organization Agreement主犯principal offender主任裁判官Principal Magistrate主任审裁官Principal Adjudicator,Small Claims Tribunal主任审裁官(劳资审裁处)Principal Presiding Officer, Labour Tribunal主事人principal主承建商main contractor主持preside主持聆讯preside at sittings主要受益人principal beneficiary主要的居所principal residencechief place of business主要的业务地点chief place of business主要保证principal security主要债务人principal debtor主要业务principal business主要业务地址principal place of business主要业务地点principal place of business主要办事处principal office主要营业地点principal place of business主租客principal tenant主租赁principal tenancy主动提起诉讼initiation of proceedings主问examination in chief主问examined in chief主问证据evidence in chief主理讼费评定事务聆案官taxing master主理精神病患者财产帐目聆案官Master in Lunacy主管principal主管司法机关competent judicial authority主管船东managing owner of the ship主管当局authority主管当局competent authority公共主管当局competent public authorities主管当局public authority司法主管当局judicial authority地区主管当局local authority具有权限的主管当局competent authorities法定主管当局statutory authority国家主管当局national authority适当主管当局appropriate authority主管机构authority主管机关competent authorities主审法官trial judge主审裁判官adjudicating magistrate主审裁判官presiding magistrate主题subject matter主权sovereign主权sovereignty行使主权exercise of sovereignty主权国sovereign powers主权国政府sovereign government主权豁免sovereign immunity主体条例principal Ordinance他罪成立的裁定alternative convictions付出价值的真诚购买人bona fide purchaser for value已提供付款的抗辩defence setting up tender已提供付款的诉plea of tender不付款而离去making off without payment中止付款suspend payment中期付款interim payment分期付款协议hiring agreement分期付款租购协议hire purchase agreement以在诉讼前已提供付款为抗辩defence of tender before action可凭票要求付款payable on demand收取已拒付汇票的付款receive payment supra protest判定债务人没有付款的誓章affidavit of default on the part of the judgment debtor即场付款payment on the spot见票后付款的汇票 a bill payable after sight受制于付款判决的债务人debtor under a judgment for moneydebtor under a judgment for money所诉的是已提供付款pleads a tender恩恤付款ex gratia payment被诱使等候付款induced to wait for payment就拒付汇票而作出的参加付款payment for honour supra protest就拒付汇票而作出参加付款payment...for honour supra protest须付款予持有人的支票cheques payable to bearer须付款的债务人debtor for money凭票要求付款予持票人的银行纸币bank notes payable to bearer on demand整笔付款lump sum payment临时付款provisional payment可赎回的redeemable可赎回的押记redeemable charge可赎回股份redeemable share可变现财产realisable property司法administration of justice司法judicial司法人员judicial officer司法人员推荐委员会 Judicial Officers Recommendation Commission司法人员推荐委员会 Judicial Officers Recommendation Commission司法不公miscarriage司法不公miscarriage of justice司法公正justice司法文件judicial documents司法主管当局judicial authority司法判决judicial decision司法协助judicial assistance司法受托人judicial trustee司法科学forensic science司法书记judicial clerk司法书记的证明书certificate of judicial clerk司法财产保管人judicial factor英格兰高等司法院High Court of Justice in England司法常务主任Registrar民事上诉案的司法常务官registrar of civil appeals高等法院司法常务官Registrar of the High Court 高等法院助理司法常务官Assistant Registrar, High Court高等法院副司法常务官Deputy Registrar,High Court终审法院司法常务官Registrar of the Court of Final Appeal暂委助理司法常务官temporary assistant registrar暂委副司法常务官temporary deputy registrar司法常务官证明书certificate of the Registrar司法程序judicial proceedings司法程序文件judicial proceedings司法程序文件judicial process司法当局judicial authority司法资格judicial qualifications可循公诉程序审讯triable upon indictment可循公诉程序审讯的罪行offence triable upon indictment可循民事程序追讨recoverable civilly可循简易程序审讯triable summarily可循简易程序审讯triable summarily可循简易程序审讯的罪行offence triable summarily可提出公诉an indictment may be preferred可逮捕的罪行arrestable offence可进行诉讼的伤害actionable injury可预见foreseeable可划分的违约severable breach可构成罪行的culpable可构成罪行的疏忽culpable negligence可废除权益defeasible interest可征收leviable可征费leviable可征费交易leviable transaction可阅形式legible form可凭票要求付款payable on demand可随时及随意取消的权益interest at will可随意终结的租赁tenancy at will可惩罚罪行punishable offence可证债项provable debt可证债权provable debt可继承产hereditaments可续期政府租契renewable Government lease可流转negotiable可流转收据negotiable receipt可流转票据negotiable instrument可流转证明书negotiable certificate可被接纳为证据admissible in evidence可起诉与被起诉may sue and be sued可动用收入disposable income可动用资产disposable capital可动资产movable assets可商售品质merchantable quality可强迫作证的证人compellable witness可接纳的证据admissible evidence可移动财产movable property可终止权益determinable interest可终结的权益determinable interest可处punishable可处监禁may be sentenced to imprisonment亲笔发出<willmigerl>under his hand亲笔签署<willmigerl>under his hand亲自签署<willmigerl>under his hand亲笔签署<willmigerl>under the hand of亲自签署<willmigerl>under the hand of由……签发<willmigerl>under the hand of由……签署<willmigerl>under the hand of过度的困苦<willmigerl>undue hardship接受租用<willmigerl>accept the hire参加承兑<willmigerl>acceptance for honour参加承兑人<willmigerl>acceptor for honour外国敌意行为<willmigerl>act of foreign enemy hostilities骚扰作为<willmigerl>act of harassment公证承付<willmigerl>act of honour身体伤害<willmigerl>actual bodily harm将聆讯押后<willmigerl>adjourn the hearing经延期的聆讯<willmigerl>adjourned hearing押后聆讯<willmigerl>adjourned hearing获准代表……陈词的<willmigerl>admitted to be heard for . . .获准代表……陈词的<willmigerl>admitted to be heard for . . .中度照顾安老院<willmigerl>aged home租购协议<willmigerl>agreement of hire purchase 全体人员<willmigerl>all hands另定假日<willmigerl>alternative holiday畜牧业<willmigerl>animal husbandry移交<willmigerl>hand over传单<willmigerl>handbill单张<willmigerl>handbills递交<willmigerl>handed in递交<willmigerl>handed in面交<willmigerl>handed personally to . . .弱能人士<willmigerl>handicapped处理赃物者<willmigerl>handler of . . . stolen goods经办代理人<willmigerl>handling agent手续费<willmigerl>handling charge处理或收受窃取的财物<willmigerl>handling or receiving stolen property处理赃物<willmigerl>handling stolen goods处理赃物罪<willmigerl>handling stolen goods宣布决定<willmigerl>hands down its decision笔迹<willmigerl>handwriting处理及接受赃物<willmigerl>handwriting stolen goods and reset手书<willmigerl>handwritten恰巧在他手中<willmigerl>happen to be in his hand侵扰<willmigerl>harassment港口工程<willmigerl>harbour works窝藏<willmigerl>harbours有害干扰<willmigerl>harmful interference手上仍有……<willmigerl>has in his hands . . .有权取览<willmigerl>have access to负责管理<willmigerl>have charge of . . .弱智的人<willmigerl>mentally handicapped person中医<willmigerl>native herdalist其次……最高票数<willmigerl>next highest number of votes通常办公时间<willmigerl>normal office hours正常工作时数<willmigerl>normal working hours公证承付<willmigerl>notarial act of honour护理院<willmigerl>nursing home要约出租<willmigerl>offering for hire对……作任何阻挠<willmigerl>offers to...any hindrance办公时间<willmigerl>office hours操作时间<willmigerl>operating hours陈词的机会<willmigerl>opportunity of being heard 获聆听的机会<willmigerl>opportunity of being heard陈词的机会<willmigerl>opportunity to be heard原持有人<willmigerl>original holder为维护某方的信誉而付款<willmigerl>paid for honour已进行部分聆讯<willmigerl>part-heard参加付款人<willmigerl>payer for honour招揽生意<willmigerl>plying for hire保单持有人<willmigerl>policy holder将聆讯延迟或押后<willmigerl>postpone or adjourn . . . hearing预审<willmigerl>preparatory hearing出席聆讯<willmigerl>present at a hearing公开聆讯<willmigerl>public hearing公众假期<willmigerl>public holiday公众假日<willmigerl>public holiday公营医院<willmigerl>public hospital登记持有人<willmigerl>registered holder股份的……登记持有人<willmigerl>registered holder of shares半血亲关系<willmigerl>relationship of the half blood追溯至<willmigerl>have relation back to . . .取得……复还<willmigerl>have restitution . . .具有该效果<willmigerl>have that effect分别具有……追索……的诉讼因由having separate causes of action . . . for . . .须制备……命令<willmigerl>having the carriage of the order摒除任何其它人而独享全部权益<willmigerl>having the entire of the interest to the exclusion of any other person小贩市场<willmigerl>hawker bazaar贩卖<willmigerl>Hawking可能产生危险的不妥善之处<willmigerl>hazardous defect具危险性财产<willmigerl>hazardous property家长<willmigerl>head of a family领馆馆长<willmigerl>head of consular post开支总目<willmigerl>head of expenditure政府首长<willmigerl>Head of Government国家元首<willmigerl>Head of State总办事处<willmigerl>head office案目<willmigerl>heading总目<willmigerl>heading总部<willmigerl>headquarters健康<willmigerl>health卫生主任<willmigerl>health officer聆讯上诉<willmigerl>hear . . . appeal听取证据<willmigerl>hear evidence就有关事项聆讯该人<willmigerl>hear him on the subject闭门聆讯有关申请<willmigerl>hear the application in private公开聆讯<willmigerl>heard in open court聆讯……以非公开形式进行<willmigerl>heard in private以非公开形式聆讯<willmigerl>heard in private在休庭期内聆讯<willmigerl>heard in vacation聆听……申请<willmigerl>hearing an application诚实地相信<willmigerl>in the honest belief诚实地相信<willmigerl>in the honest belief that真诚相信<willmigerl>in the honest belief that煽动针对……的仇恨<willmigerl>incite hatred against . . .煽动对……的仇恨<willmigerl>incite hatred towards . . .无体可继承产 incorporeal herditaments使他人身体受到严重伤害inflicting grievous bodily harm使人受到严重或实际身体伤害inflicting grievous or actual bodily harm损害健康<willmigerl>injurious to health在某项财产上实益持有的权益interest held... beneficially in property高等法院法官 judge of the High Court将……暂时扣押在你们手中keep...under sequestration in your hands土地……租赁为不定期<willmigerl>land...held by . . . at will持有从政府取得的土地<willmigerl>land is held from the Government合法继承人<willmigerl>legal heir出租<willmigerl>let . . . hired out为收取租金而出租<willmigerl>let out for hire出租<willmigerl>let out on hire出租、借出或租用<willmigerl>let, lend or hire出租<willmigerl>lets for hire审讯表<willmigerl>list for hearing娼妓住所<willmigerl>lodging house for prostitutes留产院<willmigerl>maternity home可亲自应讯<willmigerl>may be heard in person共住家庭成员<willmigerl>members of... household精神及身体健康状况<willmigerl>mental and physical health弱智<willmigerl>mental handicap精神病院<willmigerl>mental hospital羁留院<willmigerl>Remand Home安老院<willmigerl>residential care home恢复进行的聆讯<willmigerl>resumed hearing权利持有人<willmigerl>right holder危及人命<willmigerl>risk to human life繁忙时间<willmigerl>rush hours令其本人信纳<willmigerl>satisfy himself低度照顾安老院<willmigerl>self-care hostel单独住户的单位<willmigerl>separate household unit独立家居单位<willmigerl>separate household unit 独立住户单位<willmigerl>separate household unit 经编排……聆讯时间<willmigerl>set down forhearing将……排期聆讯<willmigerl>setting down...for hearing性骚扰<willmigerl>sexual harassment对……作出性骚扰<willmigerl>sexually harassment . . .1883年保护工业产权巴黎公约Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property 1883 1974年海上运输旅客及其行李雅典公约Athens Convention relating to the Carriage of Passengers and their Luggage by Sea, 19741976年海事索偿责任限制公约Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims, 1976 公约公民权利和政治权利国际公约International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights反对劫持人质国际公约International Convention against the Taking of Hostages日内瓦公约Geneva Convention日内瓦各项公约Geneva Conventions民事诉讼程序公约Civil Procedure Convention 危害种族罪公约Genocide Convention。
法律英语术语双解
精彩摘录
精彩摘录
这是《法律英语术语双解》的读书笔记模板，可以替换为自己的精彩内容摘录。
谢谢观看
法律英语术语双解
读书笔记模板
01 思维导图
03 读书笔记 05 作者介绍
目录
02 内容摘要 04 目录分析 06 精彩摘录
思维导图
本书关键字分析思维导图
英语
短语
近义词
词汇
专业术语
法律
特征
法律
法律
词条 词汇
短语
术语
术语
前言
新意
英语词汇
词 表
内容摘要
内容摘要
《法律英语术语双解》主要讲述了，要学好法律英语，应首先从法律英语的词汇、短语入手。《法律英语证 书(LEC)全国统一考试指定用书:法律英语术语双解》收录的约3000个词条都是美国法学专业和美国法律实践中经 常用到的词汇和短语。为了让读者更直观全面地理解词语含义，每个词条后面都有英语释义。
读书笔记
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้书笔记
可能是弄成电子书的缘故，很多长单词字母对，但是拼写时断开成两三个单词了。
目录分析
第三版前言
法律英语词汇、 术语特征
作者介绍
同名作者介绍
男，汉族，1969年1月生，山东聊城人，1988年3月加入中国，1990年7月参加工作，教授，博士，研究生导 师。现任河西区副区长。分管法制局，司法局，外事办；协管招商引资。
法律英语
法律英语jurisdiction n. 司法权，审判权，管辖权；权限，权力Source of laws 法律渊源Common law 普通法；习惯法；英美法（系）Civil law 罗马法；城邦法；大陆法（系）；民法Criminal law / peanal law 刑法Statutory law 制定法Codes and statutes 规范和法规Dispute 纠纷Provision 条文，法规Ruling 裁决Legislation 立法；立法程序；制定法Legislature 立法部门Breach of contract 违约Directive 指示[uk]Ordinance 条例Regulations 规章；规则；法规Bill 议案Statute 制定法Fine 罚款Imprisonment 拘役Amendment bill 修正案Revise 修订Glossary 术语Stipulate / provide / specify / ssate / set forth / deteemine / lay down / prescribe 规定，规范Hear 审理Appellate court 上诉法庭Crown court 刑事法庭High / supereme court 高等法院Juvenile court 少年法庭Lower court / court of first instanse 一审法庭Magistrates’ court 治安法庭Moot court 模拟法庭Tribunal 仲裁机构Small-claims court 小额索赔法庭Courtroom 法庭Supreme people’s court 最高人民法院Higher court 高级法院Intermediare court 中级法院Martial / military court 军事法庭Court of admirality 海事法庭Railway trasportation court 铁路运输法庭Defendent一审被告Respondent 上诉审被告Claimant 被告[UK]Plaintiff 被告[US]Jugde 法官Reasonably prudent person 法定标准理性人Bailiff 法警Clerck 书记员Advocate 辩护人Apellant 上诉人[UK]Petitioner 上诉人[US]Client 当事人Expert witness专家证人Document 文书Affidacit 宣誓书Answer 答辩书Brief 案例摘要Comlaint 诉讼（民事）Injunction 强制令Motion 动议Notice 通知，申明Pleading 诉讼状Writ 传票，令状Proceedings 审判程序Action 诉讼行为Ad hoc 特定的，专门的Et alii(et al.) 等等Et cetera(etc.) 等等Exepli gratia(e.g.) 比如Id est(i.e.) 也就是说Per se 本质上，本身地[sic] 原文如此Versus(vs. / v.) 与...相对De facto 事实上Ipso facto 本质地Inter alia 此外，还有Per annum 每年Pro farma 形式上Pro rata 按比例地Quorum 法定人数Sui juris 独立的，成年的Ultra vires 越权Videlicet(viz.) 如下。
法律英语表达大全
法律英语表达大全在法律领域中，使用正确的法律英语表达非常重要。
以下是一些常用的法律英语表达，可以帮助您更好地理解和处理法律文件和法律程序。
1. 法律术语•Lawsuit: 诉讼•Plntiff: 原告•Defendant: 被告•Complnt: 控诉书•Summons: 传票•Pleadings: 诉状•Subpoena: 传唤令•Evidence: 证据•Burden of proof: 举证责任•Statute: 法令•Tort: 民事侵权行为•Testimony: 证言•Criminal offense: 刑事犯罪•Misdemeanor: 轻罪•Felony: 重罪2. 法庭程序•Court hearing: 庭审•Trial: 审判•Opening statement: 开庭陈述•Cross-examination: 盘问•Closing argument: 闭庭陈述•Verdict: 裁决•Jury: 陪审团•Bench trial: 座席审判（没有陪审团的审判）•Judgment: 判决•Appeal: 上诉•Court reporter: 法庭记录员•Arrest: 逮捕•Bond: 保释金•Bl: 保释•Evidence: 证据3. 合同和协议•Contract: 合同•Agreement: 协议•Offer: 出价•Acceptance: 接受•Consideration: 对价•Breach of contract: 违反合同•Void contract: 无效合同•Negotiation: 谈判•Arbitration: 仲裁•Mediation: 调解•Termination: 终止•Amendment: 修改•Effective date: 生效日期4. 法律文件和法律文件结构•Legal document: 法律文件•Affidavit: 宣誓书•Power of attorney: 授权书•Will: 遗嘱•Trust: 信托•Deed: 契约•Contract: 合同•Agreement: 协议•Compliance: 遵守•Notice: 通知书•Affirmation: 证言•Declaration: 声明•Schedule: 时间表•Exhibit: 附表5. 法律职业•Attorney: 律师•Judge: 法官•Magistrate: 地方法官•Counsel: 律师•Paralegal: 法律助理•Legal secretary: 法律秘书•Legal consultant: 法律顾问•Court clerk: 法庭书记员•Barrister: 出庭律师（英国律师）•Solicitor: 执业律师（英国律师）以上是一些常用的法律英语表达。
法律英文术语
法律英文术语法律英语专业词汇汇总来源：谭玉的日志一、律师部分案件受理费court acceptance fee案情重大、复杂important and complicated case案由cause of action案子case包揽诉讼monopolize lawsuits被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件)被上诉人appellee被诉人respondent; defendant本案律师councel pro hac vice本地律师local counsel毕业证diploma; graduation certificate辩护词defense; pleadings辩护律师defense lawyer辩护要点point of defense辩护意见submission财产租赁property tenancy裁定书order; ruling; determination（指终审裁定）裁决书award（用于仲裁）裁决书verdict（用于陪审团）采信的证据admitted evidence; established evidence草拟股权转让协议drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests查阅法条source legal provisions产权转让conveyancing出差go on errand; go on a business trip出国深造further study abroad出具律师意见书providing legal opinion出示的证据exhibit出庭appear in court传票summons; subpoena答辩状answer; reply代理词representation代理房地产买卖与转让agency for sale and transfer of real estate代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations代理仲裁agency for arbitration代写文书drafting of legal instruments待决案件pending case当事人陈述statement of the parties第三人third party吊销执业证revocation of lawyer license调查笔录investigative record调查取证investigation and gathering for evidence调解mediation调解书mediation二审案件case of trial of second instance发送电子邮件send e-mail法律顾问legal consultants法律意见书legal opinions法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal counseling法庭division; tribunal法学博士学位LL.D (Doctor of Laws)法学会law society法学课程legal courses法学硕士学位LL.M (Master of Laws)法学系faculty of law; department of law法学学士学位LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)J.D ( juris doctor缩写，美国法学学士)法学院law school法院公告court announcement反诉状counterclaim房地产律师real estate lawyer; real property lawyer非合伙律师associate lawyer非诉讼业务non-litigation practice高级合伙人senior partner高级律师senior lawyer各类协议和合同agreements and contracts公安局Public Security Bureau公司上市company listing公诉案件public-prosecuting case公证书notarial certificate国办律师事务所state-run law office国际贸易international trade国际诉讼international litigation国内诉讼domestic litigation合伙律师partner lawyer合伙制律师事务所law office in partner-ship; cooperating law ofice合同审查、草拟、修改contract review, drafting and revision 会见当事人interview a client会见犯罪嫌疑人interview a criminal suspect兼职律师part-time lawyer监狱prison; jail鉴定结论expert conclusion缴纳会费membership dues举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision勘验笔录record of request看守所detention house抗诉书protest控告人accuser; complainant跨国诉讼transnational litigation劳动争议labor disputes劳动争议仲裁委员会arbitration committee for labor disputes 劳改场reform-through-labor farm; prison farm利害关系人interested party; party in interest律管处处长director of lawyer control department律师lawyer attorney; attorney at law律师惩戒lawyer discipline律师法Lawyer Law律师费lawyer fee律师函lawyer's letter律师见证lawyer attestation/authentication律师见证书lawyer certification/authentication/witness律师卷宗lawyer's docile; file律师刊物lawyer's journal律师联系电话contact phone number of a lawyer律师事务所law office; law firm律师收费billing by lawyer律师网站lawyer website律师协会National Bar (Lawyer) Association律师协会会员member of Lawyer Association律师协会秘书长secretary general of Bar (Lawyer) Association 律师协会章程Articles of Lawyer Assocition律师业务室lawyer's office律师执业证lawyer license律师助理assistant lawyer律师资格考试bar exam; lawyer qualification exam律师资格证lawyer qualification certificate民事案件civil case民事调解civil mediation民事诉讼civil litigation派出所local police station; police substation判决judgement(用于民事、行政案件);determination(用于终审);sentence(用于刑事案);verdict(由陪审团作出)旁证circumstantial evidence企业章程articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw 企业重组corporate restructure起诉状information; indictment取消律师资格disbar全国律师代表大会National Lawyer Congress缺席宣判pronounce judgement or determination by default人民法院People's Court人民检察院People's Procuratorate认定事实determine facts上诉案件case of trial of second instance; appellate case上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal涉外律师lawyers specially handling foreign-related matters申请复议administrative reconsideration petition申请加入律师协会application for admission to Law Association 申请人petitioner; claimant申诉案件appeal case申诉人（仲裁）claimant; plaintiff申诉书appeal for revision, petition for revision实习律师apprentice lawyer; lawyer in probation period实习律师证certificate of apprentice lawyer视听证据audio-visual reference material适用法律apply law to facts受害人victim书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice司法建议书judicial advise司法局Judicial Bureau司法局副局长deputy director of Judicial Bureau司法局局长director of Judicial Bureau司法统一考试uniform judicial exam送达service of process诉讼litigation; action; lawsuit诉讼当事人litigation party; litigious party诉讼业务litigation practice诉状complaint; bill of complaint; statement of claim推销法律服务promote/market legal service外国律师事务所foreign law office委托代理合同authorized representation contract委托代理人agent ad litem; entrusted agent委托授权书power of attorney物证material evidence嫌疑人criminal suspect项目融资project financing项目谈判project negotiating刑事案件criminal case刑事诉讼criminal litigation行政诉讼administrative litigation休庭adjourn the court; recess宣判pronounce judgement; determination宣誓书affidavit业务进修attendance in advanced studies一审案件case of trial of first instance与国外律师事务所交流communicate with foreign law firms 原告plaintiff证券律师securities lawyer证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit执行笔录execution record执业登记registration for practice执业范围scope of practice; sphere of practice; practice area 执业申请practice application执业证年检annual inspection of lawyer license仲裁arbitration仲裁案件arbitration case仲裁机构arbitration agency专门律师specialized lawyer专职律师professional lawyer; full-time lawyer撰写法律文章write legal thesis资信调查credit standing investigation自诉案件private prosecuting case二、诉讼法律案件case案件发回remand/rimit a case (to a low court)案件名称title of a case案卷材料materials in the case案情陈述书statement of case案外人person other than involved in the case案值total value involved in the case败诉方losing party办案人员personnel handling a case保全措施申请书application for protective measures报案report a case (to security authorities)被告defendant; the accused被告人最后陈述final statement of the accused被告向原告第二次答辩rejoinder被害人victim被害人的诉讼代理人victim's agent ad litem被上诉人respondent; the appellee被申请人respondent被申请执行人party against whom execution is filed被执行人person subject to enforcement本诉principal action必要共同诉讼人party in necessary co-litigation变通管辖jurisdiction by accord辩护defense辩护律师defense attorney/lawyer辩护人defender辩护证据exculpatory evidence; defense evidence辩论阶段stage of court debate驳回反诉dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim驳回请求deny/dismiss a motion驳回上诉、维持原判reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgement/ruling驳回诉讼dismiss an action/suit驳回通知书notice of dismissal驳回自诉dismiss/reject a private prosecution驳回自诉裁定书ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case补充答辩supplementary answer补充判决supplementary judgement补充侦查supplementary investigation不公开审理trial in camera不立案决定书written decision of no case-filing不批准逮捕决定书written decision of disapproving an arrest不起诉nol pros不予受理起诉通知书notice of dismissal of accusation by the court财产保全申请书application for attachment; application for property preservation 裁定order; determination (指最终裁定)裁定管辖jurisdiction by order裁定书order; ruling裁决书award采信的证据admitted evidence查封seal up撤回上诉withdraw appeal撤诉withdraw a lawsuit撤销立案revoke a case placed on file撤销原判，发回重审rescind the original judgement and remand the case ro the original court for retrial出示的证据exhibit除权判决invalidating judgement (for negotiable instruments)传唤summon; call传闻证据hearsay答辩answer; reply答辩陈述书statement of defence答辩状answer; reply大法官associate justices; justice大检察官deputy chief procurator代理控告agency for accusation代理申诉agency for appeal代理审判员acting judge代为申请取保候审agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving弹劾式诉讼accusatory procedure当事人陈述statement of the parties当庭宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court地区管辖territorial jurisdiction地区检察分院inter-mediate People's Procuratorate第三人third party调查笔录record of investigation定期宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date定罪证据incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence冻结freeze督促程序procedure of supervision and urge独任庭sole-judge bench独任仲裁员sole arbitrator对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施compulsory measures against impairment of civil action对席判决judgement inter parties二审trial of second instance二审案件case of trial of second insurance罚款impose a fine法定证据statutory legal evidence法定证据制度system of legal evidence法官judges法警bailiff; court police法律文书legal instruments/papers法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal consulting法庭辩论court debate法庭调查court investigation法庭审理笔录court record法庭审理方式mode of court trial法庭庭长chief judge of a tribunal法院court法院公告court announcement反诉counterclaim反诉答辩状answer with counterclaim反诉状counterclaim犯罪嫌疑人criminal suspect附带民事诉讼案件 a collateral civil action附带民事诉讼被告defendant of collateral civil action复查reexamination; recheck复验reinspect高级法官senior judge高级检察官senior procurator高级人民法院Higher People's Court告诉案件case of complaint告诉才处理的案件case accepted at complaint告诉申诉庭complaint and petition division工读学校work-study school for delinquent children公安部Ministry of Public Security公安分局public security sub-bureau公安厅public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government公开审理trial in public公开审判制度open trial system公示催告程序procedure of public summons for exhortation公诉案件public-prosecuting case公诉词statement of public prosecution公证机关public notary office共同管辖concurrent jurisdiction管辖jurisdiction国际司法协助international judicial assistance海事法院maritime court合议庭collegial panel合议庭评议笔录record of deliberating by the collegiate bench和解composition; compromise核对诉讼当事人身份check identity of litigious parties恢复执行resumption of execution回避withdrawal混合式诉讼mixed action基层人民法院basic People's Court羁押期限term in custody级别管辖subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels监视居住living at home under surveillance监狱prison检察官procurator检察权prosecutorial power检察委员会procuratorial/prosecutorial committee检察院procuratorate检察院派出机构outpost tribunal of procuratorate简易程序summary procedure鉴定结论expert conclusion经济审判庭economic tribunal径行判决direct adjudication without sessions; judgement without notice 纠问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings拘传summon by force; summon by warrant拘留所detention house举报information/report of an offence举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision军事法院military procuratorate开庭审理open a court session开庭通知notice of court session勘验笔录record of inquest看守所detention house可执行财产executable property控告式诉讼accusatory proceedings控诉证据incriminating evidence控诉职能accusation function扣押distrain on; attachment扣押物distress/distraint宽限期period of grace劳动争议仲裁申请书petition for labor dispute arbitration劳改场reform-through-labor farm劳教所reeducation-through-labor office类推判决的核准程序procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence累积证据cumulative evidence立案报告place a case on file立案管辖functional jurisdiction立案决定书written decision of case-filing立案侦查report of placing a case on file利害关系人interested party临时裁决书interim award律师见证书lawyer's written attestation; lawyer's written authentication 律师事务所law office; law firm律师提前介入prior intervention by lawyer免于刑事处分exemption from criminal penalty民事案件civil case民事审判庭civil tribunal民事诉讼civil action民事诉讼法Civil Procedural Law扭送seize and deliver a suspect to the police派出法庭detached tribunal派出所police station判决judgement; determination判决书judgement; determination; verdict (指陪审团作出的)旁证circumstantial evidence陪审员juror批准逮捕approval of arrest破案clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case破产bankruptcy; insolvency普通程序general/ordinary procedure普通管辖general jurisdiction企业法人破产还债程序procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation起诉filing of a lawsuit起诉sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings起诉状indictment; information区县检察院grassroots People's Procuratorate取保候审the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving缺席判决default judgement人民调解委员会People's Mediation Committee认定财产无主案件cases concerning determination of property as qwnerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determinationof a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity上诉appeal上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal少管所juvenile prison社会治安综合治理comprehensive treatment of social security涉外案件cases involving foreign interests涉外民事诉讼foreign civil proceedings涉外刑事诉讼foreign criminal proceedings申请人applicant; petitioner申请书petition; application for arbitration申请执行人execution applicant申诉人宣誓书claimant's affidavit of authenticity申诉书appeal for revision; petition for revision神示证据制度system of divinity evidence神示制度ordeal system审查案件case review审查并决定逮捕examine and decide arrest审查起诉阶段stage of review and prosecution审理通知书notice of hearing审判长presiding judge审判长宣布开庭presiding judge announce court in session审判管辖adjudgement/trial jurisdiction审判监督程序procedure for trial supervision审判委员会judicial committee审判员judge审问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings生效判决裁定legally effective judgement/order 胜诉方winning party省市自治区检察院higher People's Procuratorate失踪和死亡宣告declaration of disappearance and death实（质）体证据substantial evidence实物证据tangible evidence实在证据real evidence示意证据demonstrative evidence视听证据audio-visual evidence收容所collecting post; safe retreat首席大法官chief justice首席检察官chief procurator受害人的近亲属victim's immediate family受理acceptance受理刑事案件审批表registration form of acceptance of criminal case受送达人the addressee书记员court clerk书记员宣读法庭纪律court clerk reads court rules书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice司法机关judicial organizatons司法警察judicial police司法局judicial bureau司法厅judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government司法协助judicial assistance死缓的复核judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve死刑复核程序procedure for judicial review of death sentence死刑复核权competence for judicial review of death sentence送达service of process送达传票service of summons/subpoena送达诉状service of bill of complaint搜查search诉sue; suit; action; lawsuit诉前财产保全property attachment prior to lawsuit诉讼litigation; lawsuit; sue; action诉讼保全attachment诉讼参加人litigious participants诉讼代理人agent ad litem诉状complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim特别程序special procedures提起公诉institute a public prosecution铁路法院railway court铁路检察院railroad transport procuratorate庭审程序procedure of court trial通缉wanted for arrest投案appearance退回补充侦查return of a case for supplementary investigation委托辩护entrusted defense未成年人法庭juvenile court无行政职务的法官associate judge无正当理由拒不到庭refuse to appear in court without due cause无罪判决acquittal, finding of " not guilty "物证material evidence先予执行申请书application for advanced execution先予执行advanced execution刑事案件criminal case刑事拘留criminal detention刑事强制拘留criminal coercive/compulsory measures刑事审判庭criminal tribunal刑事诉讼criminal proceedings刑事诉讼法Criminal Procedural Law刑事自诉状self-incriminating criminal complaint行政案件administrative case行政审判庭administrative tribunal行政诉讼administrative proceedings行政诉讼法Administrative Procedural Law宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death宣判笔录record of rendition of judgement选民资格案件cases concerning qualifications of voters询问证人inquire/question a witness训诫reprimand讯问笔录record of interrogation询问犯罪嫌疑人interrogate criminal suspect言词证据verbal evidence要求传唤证人申请书application for subpoena一裁终局arbitration award shall be final and binding一审trial of first instance一审案件case of trial of first instance应诉通知书notice of respondence to action有罪判决sentence; finding of "guilty"予审preliminary examinantion; pretrial原告plaintiff院长court president阅卷笔录record of file review (by lawyers)再审案件case of retrial再审申请书petition for retrial责令具结悔过order to sign a statement of repentance债权人会议creditors' meeting侦查阶段investigation stage侦查终结conclusion of investigation征询原、被告最后意见consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant证据evidence证据保全preserve evidence证据保全申请书application for evidence preservation证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit支付令payment order/warrant知识产权庭intellectual property tribunal执行程序procedure execution执行逮捕execution of arrest执行和解conciliation of execution执行回转recovery of execution执行庭executive tribunal执行异议objection to execution执行员executor执行中止discontinuance of execution执行终结conclusion of execution指定辩护appointed defense指定仲裁员声明statement of appointing arbitrator中级人民法院intermediate People's Court中途退庭retreat during court session without permission仲裁arbitration仲裁被诉人respondent; defendant仲裁裁决award仲裁申请书arbitration仲裁申诉人claimant; plaintiff仲裁庭arbitration tribunal仲裁委员会arbitration committee仲裁协议arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration仲裁员arbitrator主诉检察官principal procurator助理检察官assistant procurator助理审判员assistant judge专门法院special court专门管辖specific jurisdiction专属管辖exclusive jurisdiction追究刑事责任investigate for criminal responsibility自首confession to justice自诉案件private-prosecuting case自行辩护self-defense自由心证制度doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence 自侦案件self-investigating case最高人民法院the Supreme People's Court最高人民检察院the Supreme People's Procuratorate 最后裁决书final award三、民事法律法律渊源source of law制定法statute判例法case law; precedent普通法common law特别法special law固有法native law; indigenous law继受法adopted law实体法substantial law程序法procedural law原则法fundamental law例外法exception law司法解释judicial interpretation习惯法customary law公序良俗public order and moral自然法natural law罗马法Roman Law私法private law公法public law市民法jus civile万民法jus gentium民法法系civil law system英美法系system of Anglo-American law大陆法系civil law system普通法common law大陆法continental law罗马法系Roman law system英吉利法English law衡平法equity; law of equity日尔曼法Germantic law教会法ecclesiastical law寺院法canon law伊斯兰法Islamic law民法法律规范norm of civil law授权规范authorization norm禁止规范forbidding norm义务性规范obligatory norm命令性规范commanding norm民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则principle of equality自愿原则principle of free will公平原则principle of justice等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则principle of good faith行为act作为act不作为omission合法行为lawful act违法行为unlawful act民事权利权利能力civil right绝对权absolute right相对权relative right优先权right of priority先买权preemption原权antecedent right救济权right of relief支配权right of dominion请求权right of claim物上请求权right of claim for real thing形成权right of formation撤销权right of claiming cancellation否认权right of claiming cancellation解除权right of renouncement代位权subrogated right选择权right of choice承认权right of admission终止权right of termination抗辩权right of defense一时性抗辩权momentary right of defense永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance 既得权tested right期待权expectant right专属权exclusive right非专属权non-exclusive right人身权利personal right人权human right人格权right of personality生命健康权right of life and health姓名权right of name名称权right of name肖像权right of portraiture自由权right of freedom名誉权right reputation隐私权right of privacy私生活秘密权right of privacy贞操权virginity right身份权right of status亲权parental power; parental right亲属权right of relative探视权visitation right配偶权right of spouse荣誉权right of honor权利的保护protection of right公力救济public protection私力救济self-protection权利本位standard of right社会本位standard of society无责任行为irresponsible right正当防卫justifiable right; ligitimate defence防卫行为act of defence自为行为self-conducting act紧急避险act of rescue; necessity自助行为act of self-help不可抗力force majeure意外事件accident行为能力capacity for act意思能力capacity of will民事行为civil act意思表示declaration of intention意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus完全行为能力perfect capacity for act限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person保佐protection自治产人minor who is capable of administering his own capacity 无行为能力incapacity for act禁治产人interdicted person自然人natural person公民citizen住所domicile居所residence经常居住地frequently dwelling place户籍census register监护guardianship个体工商户individual business农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnership agreement合伙财产property of partnership合伙债务debt of partnership入伙join partnership退伙withdrawal from partnership合伙企业partnership business establishment个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnership of legal person特别合伙special partnership普通合伙general partnership有限合伙limited partnership民事合伙civil partnership隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant partnership私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship法人legal person企业法人legal body of enterprise企业集团group of enterprise关联企业affiliate enterprise个人独资企业individual business establishment国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise社团法人legal body of mass organization财团法人legal body of financial group联营joint venture法人型联营association of legal persons合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management合作社cooperative民事法律行为civil legal act单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legal act多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为civil legal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award 实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为principal civil legal act从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term生前民事法律行为civil legal actbefore death死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act无效行为ineffective act可撤销民事行为revocable civil act违法行为illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为tort欺诈fraud胁迫duress乘人之危taking advantage of others' precarious position 以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention 恶意串通malicious collaboration重大误解gross misunderstanding显失公平obvious unjust误传misrepresentation代理agency本人principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人original agent法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent委托代理人agent by mandate指定代理人designated agent复代理人subagent再代理人subagent转代理人subagent代理权right of agency授权行为act of authorization授权委托书power of attorney代理行为act of agency委托代理agency by mandate本代理original agency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorized agency表见代理agency by estoppel; apparent agency律师代理agency by lawyer普通代理general agency全权代理general agency全权代理委托书general power of attorney共同代理joint agency独家代理sole agency居间brokerage居间人broker行纪commission; broker house信托trust时效time limit; prescription; limitation时效中止suspension of prescription/limitation时效中断interruption of limitation/prescription时效延长extension of limitation取得时效acquisitive prescription时效终止lapse of time; termination of prescription期日date期间term涉外民事关系civil relations with foreign elements冲突规范rule of conflict准据法applicable law; governing law反致renvoi; remission转致transmission识别identification公共秩序保留reserve of public order法律规避evasion of law国籍nationality国有化nationalization法律责任legal liability民事责任civil liability/responsibility行政责任administrative liability/responsibility刑事责任criminal liability/responsibility违约责任liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default 有限责任limited liability无限责任unlimited liability按份责任shared/several liability连带责任joint and several liability过失责任liability for negligence; negligent liability过错责任fault liability; liability for fault单独过错sole fault共同过错joint fault混合过错mixed fault被害人过错victim's fault第三人过错third party's fault推定过错presumptive fault恶意bad faith; malice故意deliberate intention; intention; willfulness过失negligence重大过失gross negligence疏忽大意的过失careless and inadvertent negligence过于自信的过失negligence with undue assumption损害事实facts of damage有形损失tangible damage/loss无形损失intangible damage/loss财产损失property damage/loss人身损失personal damage/loss精神损失spiritual damage/loss民事责任承担方式methods of bearing civil liability停止侵害cease the infringing act排除妨碍exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle消除危险elimination of danger返还财产restitution of property恢复原状restitution; restitution of original state赔偿损失compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss支付违约金payment of liquidated damage消除影响eliminate ill effects恢复名誉rehabilitate one's reputation赔礼道歉extend a formal apology物权jus ad rem; right in rem; real right物权制度real right system; right in rem system一物一权原则the principal of One thing, One Right物权法定主义principal of legality of right in rem物权公示原则principal of public summons of right in rem 物权法jus rerem物property生产资料raw material for production生活资料means of livelihood; means of subsistence流通物res in commercium; a thing in commerce限制流通物limited merchantable thing禁止流通物res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce 资产asset固定资产fixed asset流动资产current asset; floating asset动产movables; chattel不动产immovable; real estate特定物res certae; a certain thing种类物genus; indefinite thing可分物res divisibiles; divisible things不可分物res indivisibiles; indivisible things主物res capitalis; a principal thing从物res accessoria; an accessory thing原物original thing孳息fruits天然孳息natural fruits法定孳息legal fruits无主物bona vacatia; vacant goods; ownerless goods 遗失物lost property漂流物drifting object埋藏物fortuna; hidden property货币currency证券securities债券bond物权分类classification of right in rem/real right自物权jus in re propria; right of full ownership所有权dominium; ownership; title所有权凭证document of title; title of ownership占有权dominium utile; equitable ownership使用权right of use; right to use of收益权right to earnings; right to yields处分权right of disposing; jus dispodendi善意占有possession in good faith恶意占有malicious possession按份共有several possession共同共有joint possession他物权jus in re aliena用益物权real right for usufruct使用权right to use; right of use土地使用权right to the use of land林权forest ownership采矿权mining ownership经营权managerial authority; power of management 承包经营权right to contracted management相邻权neighboring right; relatedright地上权superficies。
法律英语侵权法法律术语
superseding cause替代原因
intervening event/force介入事件/因素
a foreseeable risk可预知危险
an unreasonable hazard不合理危险
jury（n.）/juror（n.）陪审团/陪审团成员
jury instruction陪审团指示
false imprisonment非法监禁
false arrest非法拘留
reasonable grounds/probable cause合理的理由（充分的证据）
the appellate court上诉法院
infliction of mental distress故意施加精神痛苦
defame（v.）/defamatory（adj.）/defamation（n.）诽谤
nominal damages名义赔偿
substantial damages实质损害
indirect invasion间接侵害
judicial proceedings/legislative proceedings司法程序/立法程序
（invasion of）the right to privacy（侵犯）隐私权
agency/agent of principal代理关系/代理中的当事人
partnership/proprietorship合伙/独资
but for test检验法（若无法则）
confirmed banker’s letter银行保兑信用证
a bill of lading提单
policy of insurance保单
insurance premium保险费
法律英语词汇：17个法律术语
法律英语词汇：17个法律术语1.contract，现在多译为＂合同＂，我以为不分场合、不分情况一律译为＂合同＂是不妥的。
因为我们中国人看见＂合同＂一词就想到一个书面的、写成一条一条的文件，可是contract一词的含义范围却要广泛得多。
contract不限于书面的文件，口头上也可订contract，打电话也可以订contract，甚至于不说话也能订contract，例如在报摊上付钱买份晚报或买票搭乘公共汽车。
contract就是有法律约束力的协议，只有较重要的contract才采取书面形式。
所以一般的、泛指的contract应当译＂契约＂，例如law of contract应当译＂契约法＂，较重要的、书面的contract才译＂合同＂，例如contract for the international sale of goods可以译＂国际售货合同＂。
2.intellectual property，不知道当初为何译成＂知识产权＂，以后竟然以讹传讹广泛沿用至今，而且订入法律，实在可叹！这个词组不论按字面上译、按含义译都不能译＂知识产权＂。
intellectual一词根本没有＂知识＂的意思，它与＂知识＂是两个不同的概念。
作为名词intellectual指＂知识分子＂，但是在intellectual property词组中intellectual显然是形容词而不是名词，何况＂知识分子＂与＂知识＂并不能划等号，即使退一万步对号入座地硬译，也只能译＂知识分子产权＂而不能译＂知识产权＂。
当然，译＂知识分子产权＂也是错的。
从含义上看，何谓intellectual property？它是指对于智力劳动所创造的智力产品或智力成果的权利，主要包括版权、专利权、商标权等，所以应该译为＂智力产权＂。
我们的前辈严复曾说，＂一名之立，旬月踟蹰＂，我们今天对待译名何等需要那样的认真精神啊！译名宜慎重，不要随便译，使用现有的译名也该慎重，尤其不要随便跟着别人使用、传播错误的译名，应该抵制错误的译名！3.joint venture.这个术语译时要当心。
法律英语词汇整理
Part One Basis of Legal English公证人：notary专门名词；术语：terminology故意的；蓄意的：deliberate责任：obligation对等的，互惠的：reciprocal分期付款：instalment上述的；前述的：aforesaid不当：inappropriate审理委员会；特别法庭：tribunal否认：negative诉讼：litigation赔偿；补偿：compensation提起（申请等）；提起（诉讼等）；把……登记备案：file质询（书）：interrogatories否定：denial小册子：booklet常设的；永久的：permanent调解、调停：mediation法官；裁判官；法官席：bench一致的：unanimous强制的；不得上诉的：peremptory财产保全；查封；扣押：attachment赔偿金：damages泄露：divulge举证责任：theburdenofproof宪法的：constitutional入侵：invasion租约：lease成文法：statute样式条款：boilerplate clause无效的：null and void其他以外：inter alia= among others：abatement将……遗赠：bequeath起源：provenance扣押：seizure本金：the principal sum规定，条款：provision 立遗嘱者：testator承租人：tenant等同；同价物：equivalent终止：termination开端：commencement制定：formulation恐吓，威胁：intimidate议会，国会：parliament不可撤销的：irrevocable拆分；分立：split传唤；传讯：summon诉讼当事人：litigant辩解；申诉；事实陈述：allegation伪证；伪证罪：perjury庭外采证：deposition控告（某人）犯罪：impeach（法庭上证人的）证词：testimony仲裁：arbitration无陪审团员的审判：bench trail（陪审团的）裁决，判决，结论：verdict批捕令；搜查令：warrant留置权，扣押权：lien欺诈，误导：deceive侵权：infringement诉讼案件：lawsuit控告：prefer动产：chattel执行者：executor诉状：pleading公司面纱：corporate veil全部，所有的人：all and sundry保释：bailment宣告无效：annul报酬：emolument扣押财物：distress拘押：hold合适和恰当：fit and proper争议，纠纷或索赔：dispute ，controversy or claim承诺, 同意和契约：promise ，agree and 储蓄：deposits covenant原告：plaintiff被告：defendant承认：admission回避：forcause交叉盘问：cross examination诉由不成立：no cause清偿保证书：satisfaction发回重审：relitiganteback宣誓过的：sworn法典注释：annotated code法律顾问：barrister汇票：bill of exchange引证：citation or cite编成法典：codify最高上诉法院：courtoflastresort法庭书记官：courtreporter法律汇编：digest（写在判决书前面的）摘要：headnote 名义上的当事人：nominal party律师助手：paralegal州长：sheriff遵循先例：staredecisis摘要：synonym法令：wirt悬而未决的陪审团：hung jury拉丁语：Bona fide = good faith 善意Ex parte =from one side 片面的In r e =in the matter of 关于，对于Percapita=by l eads 人均对价：consideration汇票：draft票据：instrument 诉状：complaint代表自己，自辩：pro se（withoutanattorney ）和解协议：settlement协商；法律顾问：counsel专家证人：expertwitness无效审判：mistrial推翻：overturn自由心证：power of discretionary先行本：advancesheet法警：bailiff受益人：beneficiary最佳证据：bestevidence传讯者：citator法令：decree记录法庭：court of record授权立法：delegatedlegislation备审案件目录表：docket对答案有诱导性的提问：leadingquestion初审管辖：original jurisdiction被告：respondent单行本：slip law（判决书的）判决理由/说明：syllabus正式起诉书：true bill传票：subpoena习惯法：commonlawDe novo =anew 重新；更始Habeas corpus =you should have the body人身保护令Non obstance verdioto =notwithstanding the verdict 否定裁决Per curiam =by the court 引用法官判词相对人：counterpart兑现：honor请求：motionChapter Two American Legal Regime美国联邦上诉法院：United States Court of =巡回上诉法院：Federal Circuit AppealsfortheFederalCircuit最高法院：Supreme Court中级上诉法院：intermediateCourts美国案例选编：American Law Reports 上诉法院：Court of Appeals高级法院上诉庭：Appellate Division ，Supreme Court法律百科全书：Corpus Juris Secundum任命：nominate等级制度；统治集团：hierarchy地方法官，治安官：magistrate遗嘱检验法庭：probate court仲裁人：arbiter无效；废弃：nullification疏忽，过失；粗心大意：negligence渊源；根源：source合理的：equitable证词，证据：testimony挑选陪审团的过程：voir dire强制的；不得上诉的：peremptory审议：deliberation审判官似的；调查官似的；爱打听的：inquisitorial对抗性的，敌对的：adversarial审理委员会；特别法庭：tribunal送还，还押；发回重审：remade抵押；抵押品；质权：pledge成文法；制定法：statuarylaw判例，先例：precedentAdj. 适当的Vt. 占用，侵吞：appropriate传票；引证：citation控告，起诉：prosecution证人证言：affidavit全体陪审员：panel大陪审团：grand jury分配，分布：distribution过错相抵：contributory negligence专利池：patent pool纠问式：inquisitorial system of justice诉讼文件移送命令：certiorari驳回：dismiss暂停：stay异议：dissent抗辩制度：adversarial system公平的：impartial公告，宣告：announcement处理：dispose 任期：tenure司法权，管辖权；管辖范围：jurisdiction 转让（法律权利或义务）：assign少年法庭：juvenile court对（指诉讼，比赛中等）；相对：versus 执行，施行，实施（法律等）；免除：dispense 支持者；建议者；提出认证遗嘱者；提出证据的人：proponent立法机关；立法机构；立法部；（特指）州会议：legislature挑选陪审团成员：impanel陪审员名单：array自由裁量权：discretion当事人；诉讼委托人：client偏一方的：partisanVt.仲裁，裁判N.裁判，仲裁人：umpire上诉的，受理上诉的：appellate前提：premise发誓：swear依照法令的；法定的：statuary制定（法律）；颁布：enactAdj. 立法的，有立法权的N.立法权；立法机构：legislative竞合：concurrence概要，大纲：synopsis复审：review再审：rehear参议院：Senate僵局：deadlock有效：valid篡改：tamper证据规则：evidentiary r ules纠错法院：CourtofErrors撤销：vacate中止：order发回重审：remand特权：privilege主张，用户：advocacy自认犯罪：self-incrimination有说服力的法律依据：persuasive authority 廉正：integrity苏格拉底问法：socraticmethod 法律术语：legalese附录：appendix出庭律师：attorney of record 顾问：consultant法官的附带意见：dictum委托书：engagement letter出口许可证：export license许可证协议：license agreement公证人：notary public公民投票权：referendum法定时效：statuteoflimitation分区条例：zoning ordinanceChapter Three Constitutional Law司法权：judicial power合法化，正当性：legitimacy海事管辖权：maritime jurisdiction 全权：plenary power终身任期：life tenure 民事诉讼：civilprocedure法律联合会：legal fraternity公司章程：article o f i ncorporation计费工时：billable hour标准：criterion网域名称：domain name当庭提出证据：exhibit合营企业：jointventure贷款申请：loan application专利申请书：patentapplication股东，股票持有人：shareholder可撤销的合同：voidablecontract合法的：legitimate海事法，海商法：admiralty按照，根据：pursuant to/in pursuance of 阐明：set forth被授予、赋予（权利）：be vested with原始（初审）管辖权：original（trial ）jurisdiction 上诉管辖权：appellate jurisdiction自动生效：self-executing 共同管辖权，并存管辖权：concurrentjurisdiction参考司法性（或审判）解释：advisory opinions 做出裁判、裁决：rendition做出裁判裁决，判处：render 串通诉讼：collusive suits 模拟诉讼：mootcases成熟原则：ripeness doctrine确认判决，宣告是判决：declaratoryjudgment 诉由，诉讼资格：standing可归因于：be attributable to裁决，裁定：ruling不适用联邦管辖权（以避免和州管辖权的冲突）：abstain待决的，未决的：pendingV. 阻却、禁止N. 阻碍、阻却因素；法律界：bar立法权：legislative power默示的权利：impliedpower 可救济性：redressability规避（原则）：abstention以……作为前提/条件：bepremisedon禁止、命令、指示：enjoin豁免权：immunity明确列举的权力：enumerated power辅助/附属权利：auxiliary/ancillary power必要与适当条款：necessary and proper clause 实施、实行：carryintoexecution人头税：capitation公共基金开支权：spending power 国会调查权：investigatory power 剥夺……（权利）：depriveof/abridgeof 直接税，对财产征收的税：direct taxes 贸易权：commercepower弹劾：impeachment铸币：coinmoney立法权的委托/授予：delegation of legislative 三权分立原则：the separation of power power doctrine促进、助长、推动：in furtherance of公共职权：public functions剥夺公民权法案：bills of attainder程序性的正当程序：procedural due process 平等保护：equal protection个人财产：personal belongings任意的、武断的：arbitrary 申请……：petitionof有溯及力的，溯及既往的：retroactive事后的、有溯及力的、溯及既往的：ex post facto实质性正当程序：substantivedueprocess裁决、判决：adjudication法定权利：entitlement在下、从下：infra严格审查（标准）：strict scrutiny（maximum 中登记审查（标准）：intermediatescrutiny scrutiny ）合理依据、最低审查（标准）：rational basis （minimal scrutiny ）不合理分类：suspect classification受制于、以……为条件：be subject to 为……量身定做：betailoredto商业条款：Commerce Clause歧视性待遇：disparate treatment纠正歧视行动：affirmativeaction 引发、触发：trigger监禁、禁闭：incarceration主要因素：predominant factor授权条款：enabling provision必要的国家利益：compelling state interest 准嫌疑犯分类：quasi-suspect classification 不正当关系：illicit relationships确认生父诉讼、亲子鉴定诉讼：paternitysuits 基本权利：fundamentalrights避孕药物、避孕工具：contraception 撤销、使无效：revoke流产，堕胎：abortion实施：implement原因：causation修正案：amendment支持：upheld违反：infringe损害：impair区别对待：discriminatory application 反驳：rebuttal牵连：entanglement授权，命令：mandate司法审查：judicial review当代的，同时代的：contemporary 行政部门：executive branch使无效：invalidate详尽的，彻底的：exhaustive 包括、包含：encompass财政部：The Treasury Department全体出席的：plenary严格的必要性：strict n ecessity确权之诉：quiet title action驱逐出境：deport代表：delegate有特权的：prerogative非惩罚性：non-punitive避孕：contraceptives据说，据称：allegedly十足信用法案：full faith and credit问题的可讨论性，未决状态：mootness 多元管辖权：diversity jurisdiction批准，认可：ratification取缔诽谤：outlaw slander授予，给予：conferpromise 允诺acceptance 承诺a meeting of minds 意见一致executed contracts 已履行合同specialty contract 书面盖印合同parol contract 非要式合同simplecontract 简单合同offer 要约contracts u nder s eal 盖印合同contracts i n w riting 书面合同contracts e videnced i n w riting 有书面证明的合同口头合同oral contractsunqualified 无条件的conditional a ssent 有条件的同意standing offer 持续要约return performance 相应允诺letter 书信Mail-box Rule 投邮主义the promisee 被允诺人公共职责public duty accordandsatisfaction 和解与清偿允诺禁反言原则doctrine of promissory estoppelexpress terms 明示条款exemptionclauses 免责条款warranty 担保repudiate 拒绝履行certainty 确定性terms i mplied in f act 事实上的默示customary implied terms 惯例性的条款the repugancy rule 矛盾解释规则part4agreement b etween t he p arties 当事人之间的协议mutual a ssent 当事人之间的协议executory contracts 待履行合同valid 有效的void 无效的voidable 可撤销的unenforceable 不能强制执行revocation 撤回rejectionbytheofferee 受要约人拒绝counter-offer 反要约lapse of time 期限届满incapacity 无行为能力failureof a condition subject to which the offerwasmade 要约条件未能满足performance 履行the mirror i mage rule 镜像原则telegram 电报consideration 对价past c onsideration i s n o c onsideration 过去的对价不是对价the principle of mutuality 相关性原则衡平禁反言原则doctrine of equitableestoppelimplied t erms 默示条款condition 条件rescind 废除theconceptoftotalintegration 合同完整性的概念terms implied i n law 法律上的默示the contra proerentem 不利于提供者规则the f our c orners r ule 四角规则the C ontrol o f E xemption C lauses A ct 管制免责条款条例minor 未成年人persons of u nsound mind 精神病人mistake 错误duress 胁迫illegality 非法性operative mistakes 关键性错误warning notices 警告性通知capacitytocontract 缔约能力a person under the influence of drink 醉酒的人corporations 公司misrepresentation 虚假陈述undue influence 不当影响validity 效力liable to be set aside 衡平法上被撤销commonoridenticalmistakes 相同之错误non-identicalmistake 不相同之错误nonestfactum 非我所签契约fraudulentmisrepresentation 欺诈性的虚假陈述affirm 确认duresstogoods 对货物的胁迫actual undue influence 实际不当影响inequality of b argaining power 谈判能力的不对等illegal contract strictly so called 严格意义上的非法合同illegal a s f ormed 成立违法intended b eneficiaries 有益受害人discharged 解决tender of performance 交付履行impossibility 履行不能occurrence of c ondition subsequent 后续条件的发生cancellation 合同的取消substituted contract 替代合同lapse 终止（或失效）breachofcontract 违约damages 损害赔偿quantum meruit 按合理价格支付injunction 禁令corporatelaw 公司法new wordsand expressionsnominalized 使转变为名词abstain 抑制，弃权destitute 使丧失usage 惯例contingency 意外事故，偶发事件telex 电传detriment 损害，伤害undertaking 承诺charter 包租，租用lumber 木材furnish 提供appellee 被上诉人rescind 废除reputable 值得尊重的mutual mistakes 双方错误unilateral mistake 单方错误null and void 无效innocent or n eglient misrepresentation 无过错或过失性的虚假陈述duresstoaperson 对人的胁迫economic duress 经济胁迫persumed undue influence 假设不当影响unconscionability 显示公平制度operationoflaw 依法定得解除illegal c ontract traditionally s o c alled 传统的非法合同illegal a s p erformed 履行违法incidental beneficiaries 附带受益人performance 履行frustration 合同落空履约具有不现实性impracticability rescission 合同的废除novation 合同的更新release 弃权书account stated 明细账supervening illegality 继起违法anticipatorybreach 预期违约action for an agreed sum 商定金额之诉specific performance 实际履行alternative d ispute r esolution 替代性纠纷解决机制inducememt 诱因，诱导solemnity 庄严perpetrator 做坏事者，犯罪者revocation 撤销，撤回dispatch 发出facsimile 传真forbearance 忍耐，克制，不作为accure 发生，产生vessel 船舶freight 运费aver 提出demurrer 异议，抗辩repudiate 拒不履行shack 棚屋，简陋的小屋emasculate 阉割，削弱demolish 摧毁，推翻，驳倒shear(shore,shorn) 切断，剥夺perjury 伪证（罪）officious 爱管闲事的indemnity 赔偿（金）subrogation 代位（求偿权）vitiate （使）消弱，（使）无效reef 礁，暗礁ab initio 自始，从开始时rescission 废除pecuniary 金钱的rogue 无赖，流氓uberrimae fidei [ 拉]最大诚信convent 女修道院devotee 皈依者consummate 完成infirmity 虚假ex turpi causa non oritur actio [ 拉]非法或不道德行为不能取得诉因quantum valebant [ 拉]支付合理价格原则solus 单独的effectuate 实行，完成revoke 撤销；取消concurrent 同时发生的exculpatory 辩解的，辨明无罪的expectation interest 期待利益restitution interest 返还利益maxim 格言subterfuge 托词，借口overt 明显的，公开的a Mareva injunction 玛瑞瓦禁令Textinternational business transactions 国际商业活动；国际经济交往contract 合同，有法律约束力的承诺或协议restatement 再声明，重述duty 义务; 职责，责任deed 地契，土地证seal 密封文档，密封（证明真实有效）formation 成立manifestation 表现形式collateral 附属的absurdity 荒谬的rote 死记硬背，生搬硬套supersede 废除，废弃efficacy 功效onus 义务，负担dissipate 挥霍salvage 救援，营救tender 招标status quo 现状puff 吹嘘restitutio i n i ntegrum[ 拉]恢复原状avoidance 废止，无效coercive 强制的；强迫的ward 被监护人the balance o f probabilities 可能性较高者lopsided 不平等的defraud 诈取，骗取quantum meruit [ 拉]（无合同规定时）支付合理报酬；应得额；合理金额oust 剥夺，驱逐covenant 协议，协定supervening 接着发生encompass 围绕；包含coronation 加冕礼remotedamages 间接损失relianceinterest 信赖利益liquidateddamages 约定损害赔偿金permeate 弥漫，遍布evasion 规避，遁词slack off 松懈；懈怠warranty 保修单，担保securities law 证券法franchise 特许经营Convention on the International Sales ofGoods(CISG) 联合国国际货物销售合同公约binding 有约束力的stipulation 契约，约定，协定evidenced in writing 有书面证明的mutual a ssent 相互同意bound 有义务的advertisementsofrewards 悬赏广告lapseofoffer 要约失效English law 英国法Blackacre 黑地，黑田（辩论中的假设名字，与whiteacre 相对）writ of error 纠错令Chancery Courts 大法官法庭，大法庭Chancellor 首席法官，大法官conditional a ssent 附条件同意order c onfirmation 确认订单auction 拍卖revocation 撤回option 期权，选择权contingency 意外事故，偶发事件standing offer 持续要约decree 判决，裁定refinance 再融资unqualified 没有附加的条件的return promise 反允诺terms and conditions 条款及细则general conditions o f sale 销售的一般条件；买UNIDROIT PICC 国际统一私法协会国际商卖共同条件；一般销售条件事合同通则Mail-Box Rule 邮箱规则detriment 损害，伤害promisor 做出承诺者，契约者，要约人executed 已执行的full settlement of a debt 全额清偿promissory 承诺的，约定的Privy Court 枢密院法庭the principle 本人，被代理人，委托人；保证人；财产，信托财产qualification 条件，资格consideration 对价promisee 受约人executory 待执行的accordandsatisfaction 和解与清偿the principle of mutuality 交互性原则suspensory 中止的resume 恢复Doctrine of E quitable Estoppel 衡平禁反言原则charter party 租船合同frustrate t he m ain p urpose o f t he c ontract 主要目的受阻volition 自愿选择total integration 一体化；完全整合genesis 起源；开端officiousbystander 好事的旁观者the inserter 起草者the onus o f proof 举证责任guaranteesofminors ’ contracts 未成年人保证责任unsound mind/ mental-imcapacity 心智不全nonestfactum 否认立约the P arol E vidence R ule 口头证言规则absurdity 荒谬，不合理supersededdocuments 替代文件negligence 过失；疏忽indemnity 赔偿（金）Age of M ajority Act 成人年龄法guarantee 被保人subrogation 代位清偿fiduciary 基于信托的，受托人，被信托人inducement 引诱，诱导actionablemisrepresentation 可诉的虚假陈述restitutio i n i ntegrum 恢复原状Uberrimae Fidei 最大诚信原则，坦率诚实prospectus 说明书，简介，募股章程contemplation 深思熟虑，沉思vendor 卖方，卖主mutual rescission 相互解约frustrating events 受阻事项a final balance 最后应付余额，最后结余；最后平衡the Utmost Good Faith 最大善意原则undue influence 不当影响self-induced 自己导致的，自己诱导的operation o f l aw(OOL) 法律的实施（效果）unilateralrescission 单方废止；债权人得单方解除契约original transactions 原始交易commercial impracticability 商业不现实性StatuteofLimitations 诉讼时效supervening illegality 继起违法coronation 加冕礼remotenessofdamage 损害的间隔性unliquidated d amages 未经算定损害赔偿；未清算的损失；未确定损害赔偿额specific performance 照规定严格执行goodfaith 善意；真诚expressrepudiation 明示的履行拒绝interlocutory ( 判决等)在诉讼期间宣告的prohibitory 禁止的pending trial 候审期间，未决事项Choice of F orum Clause 选择法院条款Choice of L aw Clause 适用法律选择条款arbitration a greement 仲裁协议exercisecontested 有争议的boilerplate 样板文件；公式化，陈词滥调prevail 占优势optioncontract 期权合同leverage 杠杆作用，举债经营unconscionability 显失公平;显失公平原则impossible of performance 履行不能frustration o f p urpose 合同目的落空Forcr M ajeure C lauses 不可抗力条款foreseeability 可预见性,预见性extravagant 奢侈的；挥霍的claimant 原告，索赔者constant supervision 持续监督good f aith p erformance 合同履行中的诚信原则；善意履行perpetual 不间断的；持续的mandatory 强制的；法定的Municiple Courts 市法院Forum Selection Clause 法院管辖之条款commercial a rbitration 商事仲裁arbitration clauses 仲裁条款recital 一系列事件等的详述Caveat Emptor 货物出门概不退换，买主须自行当心（货物的品质）；买主当心merchandise 货物Statute of Fraudes 反欺诈法unjust enrichment 不正当得利third-party beneficiary 受益第三方forfeiture 没收，丧失illusory promise 虚幻允诺omission 疏忽，懈怠，做某事失败in pais 无法律手续或书据Unit Five故意侵权intentionaltorts威吓assault侵害地产或动产trespasstoLand/Chattels •detrimental r eliance有害依赖；不利之信赖material b reach 重大违约，实质性违约rescind 废除；撤销UniformCommercialCode(UCC) 美国统一商法典quasi-contract 准契约；准合同殴打battery非法监禁false imprisonment侵占他人动产conversion故意精神伤害Intentional infliction of 抗辩事由defenses emotional d istress特权privilege正当防卫self-defense责任duty实际损失或伤害actual loss or damage 比较过失comparativenegligence明示自冒风险express assumption of risk 暗示自冒风险implied assumption of risk 中介原因interveningcause 原告同意consent紧急避险necessity不履行责任breach原告过失contributory negligence自冒风险assumption of risk免责条款exculpatoryclause后果的预见性foreseeabilityofconsequences 连带责任joint and several liability补偿indemnity土地所有人possessor占有人occupier土地侵权人trespasser侵权儿童trespassing children被邀请人invitee不当行为/不当履行misfeasance替代责任vicarious liability侵犯隐私privacytorts侵扰他人私生活intrusion不正当竞争competitive torts倾销dumpingLiability for negligence 过失责任Remedies 损害赔偿Defamation 诽谤Misrepresentation 虚假表述Trespass 非法侵入Product liability 产品责任Damages 赔偿金Punitive d amages 惩罚性赔偿金Discrete 分离的Thestatuteoflimitations 诉讼时效Tavern 客栈Hatchet 短柄小斧；言归于好Integrity 完整Prima facie case 表面上证据确凿的案件Impediment 妨碍Quare clausum fregit 缘何侵入私地令Intermeddle 干涉Dispossess 剥夺Misfeasance 错误行为Agrarian 土地的，农村的Public nuisance 公共公害Omission 疏忽；懈怠Entrant 参加者Satisfaction 清偿Negligentmisrepresentation 过失的虚假表述Sedition 煽动Loathsome 令人讨厌的Duty o f c are 注意义务Incompatible 矛盾的Disparagement 轻视Revelation 披露分担contribution所有权人owner自然危险情况natural hazards被许可人licensee诱惑性公海原则attractive nuisance doctrine 商业被邀请人businessinvitee懈怠不作为/不作为nonfeasance低于成本销售salesbelowcost盗用他人肖像权appropriation扭曲他人形象public disclosure of private life 虚假宣传falseadvertising雇主负责制respondent superiorCivil liability 民事责任Invasionofprivacy 侵犯隐私Fraud 欺诈Conversion 侵犯他人财产Trespass to land/chattels 侵犯他人土地/财产Restitution 返还原物，赔偿金Compensatory damages 补偿性伤害赔偿金Special damages 特定损害赔偿金Affinity 亲切关系Causation 因果关系Cause in fact 事实上的原因Proximate cause 最近原因Malice 恶意Blackout 灯火管制；暂时失去知觉Res Ipsa Loquitur 让事实说话Foreseeability 预见性Tort-feasor 侵权行为人Misconduct 行为不当Non-feasance 不行为Nuisance 妨害行为Private n uisance 私人妨害Contributory negligence 混合过失Confinement 拘禁Indemnity 补偿Malpractice 玩忽职守Libel 书面诽谤Consortium 配偶的地位和权利Venereal 性交的Unchastity 放荡Falselight 扭曲他爱人形象Deceive 欺诈Competitive torts 侵权竞合 Premises 房地产Palm off 哄骗Wherewithal 为做某事而需要的钱 Legal c ause 法定原因，近因 Assailant 攻击者 Defect 瑕 疵Accrue 利息等的自然增值；诉讼的发生 Awritoftrespass侵害令状Confinement 监禁 Deliberation 深思熟虑Trespass de bonis asportate 带走他人动产 Dispossess 剥夺占有 Blackout 失去知觉 Res ipsa Loquitur 不言自明Per c uriam 全庭审Bystander旁观者Impliedwarranty默示担保Entrant 新工作者 ;进入者 Liable 有责任的 Recreationalpremises 娱乐场所 Caveat emptor 顾客留心（一经出售概不负责）Statutesofrepose除斥期间Charitable immunity慈善事业免责Vicarious liability 替代责任Restatement (second) of torts 民事侵权行为重述 （ 第 二 版 ） Prosser 普罗塞（美国杰出法官）part 8双重主义： dualsovereignty 犯罪意图： mensrea联邦和州监狱： prison 或 penitentiary无罪推定： presumption of innocence正当程序： dueprocess 自证其罪： self-incrimination悬而未决的陪审团： hung jury 不抗辩： no contest/nolo contendere 双重危境： double jeopardyIdiosyncratic 独特的 Pass off 冒充 Recoup 重获 Disclose 告 知 Supersede 取代 Warranty 担保；保单 Willful and wanton 放任的Vicarious liability 雇主责任，替代别人的责任 Intent 主观 Volition 意愿 Malice 预谋 Vandal 蓄意破坏者 Proximate cause 近因 Calculus of risk 风险预测计算 But-for causation 若非因果关系 Joint and s everal liability共同连带责任The impact rule 影响规则 Premises liability 场所责任 Nuisance 妨 害Dangerous instrumentality doctrine危险工具Criminal assailants刑事攻击者Caveat lessee 警告承租人Misdiagnosis 错误的诊断 Municipal immunity 市场免责Defamation诽谤Prima facie cause of action诉讼的初步原因Reasonably p rudent p erson合理谨慎的人商业条款： Commerce Clause 夜晚破门入户企图犯重罪： burglary 联邦刑事诉讼法规： Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure排除合理怀疑： proof beyond reasonable doubt隐私权： rightofprivacy以第五条修正案作为辩护理 由P ：lead the Fifth失审：mistrial认罪协商： pleabargainingAcquitted 无罪actusreus ：犯罪行为Allege ：声称Bail：保释bill of attainder ：未经审批直接判有罪Burglary ：闯入他人室内并实施其他犯罪Causation ：犯罪行为和结果之间的因果联系Circumstantial e vidence 旁证Confession：认罪Conspiracy ：共谋Culpable ：有罪的Diplomatic immunity ：外交豁免Entrapment ：诱捕Expostfacto ：溯及既往的First degree murder ：一级谋杀Indictment 刑事起诉状Involuntary manslaughter 因放任或过失在实施其他犯罪行为时造成他人死亡Knock and announce rule 警察搜查时的程序要求Larceny 盗窃Misdemeanor 轻罪Mitigatingcircumstances 罪行减轻情节Motive 犯罪动机Openingstatement 开庭陈述Parole 有条件释放，假释Peremptory challenge 无须理由要求陪审员回避Petty offence 轻微违法行为Police interrogation 警察讯问Probation 缓刑Provocation 挑衅，激怒Reasonable d oubt 合理怀疑Seizure 没收Sheriff 法警，警长Subpoena 传讯，强制传唤Treason 叛国罪Extradition 引渡Federalcriminalstatutes 联邦刑事法规Fictitious=fraudulent 欺骗性的；虚构的County jail 郡的看守所Conviction 定罪Accused ：被告Aforethought：预谋的Asphyxia ：窒息Bigamy 重婚罪Briber y：行贿罪capital p unishment ：死刑challenge for cause ：在陪审员资格审查中因法定原因要求陪审员回避Coercion ：强制Consent ：赞成，同意Corpus delicti ：犯罪事实Detention ：拘留Embezzle ：贪污Euthanasia ：安乐死Felony：重罪Habeas corpus 人身保护令Intoxication 中毒，喝醉Justifiable homicide 有正当理由杀人（如执行死刑）Knowingly 故意的犯罪心理MirandaWarning 米兰达警告Mistrial 因程序问题而导致的无效审判Money laundering 洗钱Obstruction of justice 妨碍司法公证Pardon 赦免Penal c ode 刑法典Perpetrator 犯罪者Plea b argaining 辩诉交易Presumption of innocence 无罪推定Prosecute 提起公诉Public defender 公设辩护律师Searchwarrant 搜查令Sentence 刑事判决，量刑Statutoryrape 法定强奸罪Summons 传票传唤Preponderance of t he evidence 优势证据原则Falsify 伪造Imprisonment 监禁Community service 社区义工Bail bondsmen 保释担保人Corrections officers 狱警Dismiss the charge 撤销指控Wrongfuldeath 错误致死More-than-ordinary=recklessness=criminal negligence 轻率Misperceives reality 对现实认识错误Drug paraphernalia 毒品相关设备Man-endangering 危害到人Strict liability law 严格责任法律Proportionality principle 比例原则Fine 罚金Warrantless arrest 无证逮捕Information 检察院起诉书Excessive bail 过高的保释Judge-made doctrine 法官造法原则MirandaWarnings 米兰达警告Wiretapping statute 窃听法Detention 拘留Grand Jury Appearance 陪审团出席Hot Pursuit 越境追捕Custody 保管；监护Preliminary hearing 预审听证Suppression hearings 听证会Juror opposition 陪审员的反对Right to counsel 获得律师辩护的权利guilty plea 有罪答辩potential penalty 潜在的惩罚paroleterm 假释期限plea bargaining 认罪协商，辩诉交易prosecutorial vindictiveness 报复性起诉hearsay 传闻证据，道听途说harsher sentence 更严厉的判决reconviction 再判决；重新判决atypical and s ignificant hardship 非典型及重大困境，异常而重大的困苦felony murder 谋杀重罪sanity requirement 理智的需求mentalretardation 智力缺陷，精神发育迟缓first appeal 第二审；第一次上诉retroactivity 溯及既往probation 缓刑penologicalinterests 刑罚学利益medical malpractice 医疗事故；医疗纠纷；医Speedy jury trial 快速陪审团Incarcerate （被)监禁Careless/negligent 过失、疏忽大意Unintentional conduct 无意识行为Mistake of law 对法律认识错误Malicious behavior 邪恶行为Culprit 犯罪嫌疑人Gravity 严重性Infraction 侵害Arson 纵火Self-defense 自卫Infamous crime 不名誉罪Exclusive r ule 排除规则Fruit of the p oisonous tree 毒树之果Causal chain 因果关系Parole revocation 假释撤销Station House Detention 派出所拘留DeadlyForce 致命暴力Evanescentevidence 容易消失的证据Waiver 豁免；弃权Stand trial 提起诉讼Burdenofproof 举证责任Inconsistentverdict 不一致的判决Confront w itness 与证人对质plea agreemen 认罪协议tdefense c ounsel 辩护律师fatal 致命的；毁灭性的disproportionate 不成比例的，比例失调的confirmation 证明; 确认resentence 重新判决de novo 重新, 更始jury sentencing 陪审团的判决proportionality 比例原则，（行动、处罚等的）相称原则，恰当性lethalforce 致命武器insane 精神失常的recidivist statutes 累犯法frivolous 轻率的parole 假释imprisonment 关押，监禁contraband 走私，走私品unbiased 公正的；不偏不倚的；无偏见的疗过失double jeopardy 一事不再理原则juvenile proceedings 未成年人诉讼程序sentence enhancer 强化判决collateral estoppel 间接禁反言quasi-criminal 准刑事案；准刑事性；准刑事犯罪prostitute 妓女duly 及时的，适时的balance 差额；结余pertinent 有关的warrant 批捕令，搜查令MIMIC 模仿grandjurytestimony 大陪审团作证trespassory 非法盗窃exclusionary 排斥（性）的；排除在外的exercisestatutory law 成文法，制定法slander 口头诽谤invasion 侵略；侵入homicide 杀人行为maladjusted 失调的；不能适应环境的deus ex machina 解围的人或事件supervision 监督;管理firearm 火器，尤指手枪或步枪conversion 财产转换，兑换bribe 贿赂，行贿duress 强迫，胁迫，威胁false pretenses 欺诈，诈骗amicus curiae 法庭之友skips bail 跳过保释acquit 判决无罪，宣告无罪，开释nullification 无效;废弃mandatory 强制的，义务的contraband 走私attorneygeneral 首席检察官，司法部长grand jury 大陪审团burden 责任，义务prison i nmates 牢犯empanel 选任（陪审员）commencement 开端，开始separate sovereign 独立主权forfeiture 没收；丧失innocent owner 无辜所有主，无过错所有人exigent 紧急的；迫切的accusatory 控告的，控诉的suppress 禁止，使止住handcuff 上手铐prima f acie c ase 表面上证据确凿的案件wingspan 翼幅；翼展Criminal Procedure L aw (CPL) 刑事诉讼法defraud 欺诈magistrate 地方法官，治安官the Rosario doctrine 罗萨里奥学说、理论preponderance 优势；多数battery 殴打罪libel（书面）诽谤extortion 强取；敲诈；勒索malum in se 不法, 不法行为responsiblecorporateofficer 公司管理负责人员forgery 伪造，伪造的文书、签名等misappropriation 侵吞，挪用，滥用;私吞wirefraud 网络诈骗，电信诈骗espionage 侦察;间谍活动assault 突袭，侵犯（人身），威胁kidnapping 绑架searchwarrant 搜查证white collar crime 白领犯罪double-jeopardy 一事不再理原则conspiracy 阴谋，同谋，串谋，共谋closing statements 结束的控词nolocontendere 无罪申诉（刑事诉讼中，被告不认罪但又放弃申辩）prerequisite 先决条件，前提borne by 由……。
法律英语：常用法律专业术语大全
美联英语提供：法律英语：常用法律专业术语大全小编给你一个美联英语官方试听课申请链接：/?tid=16-73374-0 1类推判决的核准程序procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence累积证据cumulative evidence立案报告place a case on file立案管辖functional jurisdiction立案决定书written decision of case-filing立案侦查report of placing a case on file利害关系人interested party临时裁决书interim award律师见证书lawyer’s written attestation; lawyer’s written authentication律师事务所law office; law firm律师提前介入prior intervention by lawyer免于刑事处分exemption from criminal penalty民事案件civil case民事审判庭civil tribunal民事诉讼civil action民事诉讼法Civil Procedural Law扭送seize and deliver a suspect to the police法律英语常用词汇大全2派出法庭detached tribunal派出所police station判决judgement; determination判决书judgement; determination; verdict (指陪审团作出的)旁证circumstantial evidence陪审员juror批准逮捕approval of arrest破案clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case破产bankruptcy; insolvency普通程序general/ordinary procedure普通管辖general jurisdiction企业法人破产还债程序procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation起诉filing of a lawsuit起诉sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings起诉状indictment; information区县检察院grassroots People’s Procuratorate取保候审the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving缺席判决default judgement人民调解委员会People’s Mediation Committee认定财产无主案件cases concerning determination of property as qwnerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity上诉appeal上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal少管所juvenile prison社会治安综合治理comprehensive treatment of social security涉外案件cases involving foreign interests法律英语常用词汇大全3涉外民事诉讼foreign civil proceedings涉外刑事诉讼foreign criminal proceedings申请人applicant; petitioner申请书petition; application for arbitration申请执行人execution applicant申诉人宣誓书claimant’s affidavit of authenticity申诉书appeal for revision; petition for revision神示证据制度system of divinity evidence神示制度ordeal system审查案件case review审查并决定逮捕examine and decide arrest审查起诉阶段stage of review and prosecution审理通知书notice of hearing审判长presiding judge审判长宣布开庭presiding judge announce court in session审判管辖adjudgement/trial jurisdiction审判监督程序procedure for trial supervision审判委员会judicial committee审判员judge审问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings生效判决裁定legally effective judgement/order胜诉方winning party省市自治区检察院higher People’s Proc uratorate失踪和死亡宣告declaration of disappearance and death实（质）体证据substantial evidence实物证据tangible evidence实在证据real evidence示意证据demonstrative evidence视听证据audio-visual evidence收容所collecting post; safe retreat首席大法官chief justice首席检察官chief procurator受害人的近亲属victim’s immediate family受理acceptance受理刑事案件审批表registration form of acceptance of criminal case受送达人the addressee书记员court clerk书记员宣读法庭纪律court clerk reads court rules法律英语常用词汇大全4书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice司法机关judicial organizations司法警察judicial police司法局judicial bureau司法厅judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government司法协助judicial assistance死缓的复核judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve死刑复核程序procedure for judicial review of death sentence死刑复核权competence for judicial review of death sentence送达service of process送达传票service of summons/subpoena送达诉状service of bill of complaint搜查search诉sue; suit; action; lawsuit诉前财产保全property attachment prior to lawsuit诉讼litigation; lawsuit; sue; action诉讼保全attachment诉讼参加人litigious participants诉讼代理人agent ad litem诉状complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim特别程序special procedures提起公诉institute a public prosecution铁路法院railway court铁路检察院railroad transport procuratorate庭审程序procedure of court trial通缉wanted for arrest投案appearance退回补充侦查return of a case for supplementary investigation 委托辩护entrusted defense未成年人法庭juvenile court无行政职务的法官associate judge法律英语常用词汇大全5三、民事法律法律渊源source of law制定法statute判例法case law; precedent普通法common law特别法special law固有法native law; indigenous law继受法adopted law实体法substantial law程序法procedural law原则法fundamental law例外法exception law司法解释judicial interpretation习惯法customary law公序良俗public order and moral自然法natural law罗马法Roman Law私法private law公法public law市民法jus civile万民法jus gentium民法法系civil law system英美法系system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系civil law system普通法common law大陆法continental law罗马法系Roman law system法律英语常用词汇大全6不作为omission合法行为lawful act违法行为unlawful act民事权利权利能力civil right绝对权absolute right相对权relative right优先权right of priority先买权preemption原权antecedent right救济权right of relief支配权right of dominion请求权right of claim物上请求权right of claim for real thing 形成权right of formation撤销权right of claiming cancellation 否认权right of claiming cancellation 解除权right of renouncement代位权subrogated right选择权right of choice承认权right of admission终止权right of termination抗辩权right of defense一时性抗辩权momentary right of defense永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance 既得权tested right期待权expectant right美联英语：。
法律英语法律术语
实在法positive law法律渊源source of law习惯法customary law刑事诉讼criminal procedure财产权property行政部门executive branch法律僵化ossification of law大陆法系civil law system分权separation of powers下级法院inferior court法律培训legal training民事诉讼civil action治安法官justice of peace青少年犯罪juvenile delinquency人身伤害personal injury上诉法院appellate court初审法院trial court巡回法院circuit court终审法院court of last resort教会法地方政府provincial government联邦司法系统federal judicial system调整关系regulate relationship基本法basic law地方立法机构regional legislature大选general election公民权利civil right政治背景political context宪法修正案amendment to the constitution 刑事责任criminal liability行为犯conduct crime刑法criminal law公共安全public safety反社会行为anti-social conduct要件element维护和平preserve peace违法行为unlawful act履行职责discharge the duty结果犯consequence or result crime监督权supervisory authority被现场抓获be caught red-handed有罪答辩plea of guilty审前动议pretrial motion无罪推定presumption of innocence 对抗程序adversary process事实认定fact finding司法部department of justice证据排除suppression of evidence 犯罪现场scene of a crimefelony 重罪subpoena 传票custody 羁押违禁品contrabandprosecutor 检察官complaint 起诉书information 起诉书（检察官提交）indicment 起诉书（大陪审团提交）warrant 证明书逮捕证detention 拘留accusatory 指控的arraignment 提审discovery 证据提审suppression 排除incriminate 控告。
法律英文术语
法律英文术语法律英语专业词汇汇总来源：谭玉的日志一、律师部分案件受理费court acceptance fee案情重大、复杂important and complicated case案由cause of action案子case包揽诉讼monopolize lawsuits被告defendant（用于民事、行政案件）；the accused （用于刑事案件）被上诉人appellee被诉人respondent；defendant本案律师councel pro hac vice本地律师local counsel毕业证diploma；graduation certificate辩护词defense；pleadings辩护律师defense lawyer辩护要点point of defense辩护意见submission财产租赁property tenancy裁定书order; ruling；determination（指终审裁定）裁决书award（用于仲裁）裁决书verdict（用于陪审团）采信的证据admitted evidence；established evidence草拟股权转让协议drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests查阅法条source legal provisions产权转让conveyancing出差go on errand；go on a business trip出国深造further study abroad出具律师意见书providing legal opinion出示的证据exhibit出庭appear in court传票summons; subpoena答辩状answer; reply代理词representation代理房地产买卖及转让agency for sale and transfer of real estate代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记agency for notarization，trademark, patent, copyright，and registration of real estate and incorporations代理仲裁agency for arbitration代写文书drafting of legal instruments待决案件pending case当事人陈述statement of the parties第三人third party吊销执业证revocation of lawyer license调查笔录investigative record调查取证investigation and gathering for evidence调解mediation调解书mediation二审案件case of trial of second instance发送电子邮件send e-mail法律顾问legal consultants法律意见书legal opinions法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal counseling法庭division; tribunal法学博士学位LL。
法律英语核心术语-第五章
第五章法律英语必学 2indemnify释义：indemnify是法律英语尤其是合同中一个常用单词，意思是补偿、赔偿，比compensate（补偿）的含义要广泛。
如Each party shall indemnify the other from any and all losses that may arise out of breach by such party of any of the warranties set forth in this Article.一方如果违反其在本条中的任何保证而使另一方发生损失，应向损失方做出赔偿。
infant/minor释义：infant的一般含义是婴儿，但在法律英语中表示未成年人，相当于minor.如the contract made by the an infant is voidable in accordance with the Chinese law.information释义：information也是法律英语中经常用到一个单词，其含义与在普通英语中一样，都是信息，如information right知情权，confidential information保密信息，information disclosure信息披露等固定用法。
infringement释义：infringement的意思是侵犯、违反，通常指对知识产权等无形资产的侵害，如Distributor shall immediately notify Supplier, upon discovery thereof, of any infringement or potential infringement of Supplier’s interests in the Marks and undertakes to cooperate with Supplier in its efforts to cure such infringement.一旦发现存在侵犯或潜在侵犯供应商的商标权益的行为，经销商应立即通知供应商，并应与供应商通力合作制止此类侵权行为。
法律英语术语(推荐文档)
Legal EnglishJuris MasterChapter One Legal Words (Terminology)Section One CharacteristicsLesson One Derivation1. Borrowed words (外来词的借用)French: bar-律师业；suit-诉讼；plaintiff-原告；questionnaire-调查表；Latin: In personam-对人的；In rem-对物的；status quo-现状；2. Old English (古英语):简练、庄重Legal English– Plain Englishaforesaid—— previous forthwith —— immediatelyhenceforth —— from now on herein ——in this documenthereinafter ——after this thenceforth ——afterthereafter ——after that; theretofore ——up to that timehitherto ——before viz. ——that iswhence ——from what place whereby ——throughsaid ——the ,that whilst —— during3. legal Terms（法律术语）(1)General Terms 通用术语lawyer; contract; crime;(2)Special Terms 特别术语action; appeal; code;(3)Jargon 专用术语on the bench(担任法官职务)；take silk(担任王室法律顾问) ；(4)Borrowed Terms借用术语custom(关税)；documentary credit(跟单信用证)Lesson Two Several Important Points for Translation1、切忌望文生义例如：ground lease与ground rent“ground lease指the first lease on a freehold building”. 又如：Day of Judgment 或Judgment Day. 指“世界末日”2、相同的中文对应词，含义未必相同free trade area与free trade zone的中文对应词都是“自由贸易区”free trade area 指实行自由贸易的一批国家。
法律英语-法律术语：exemplary damages(惩罚性赔偿)
法律英语|法律术语：exemplary damages（惩罚性赔偿）法律英语|法律术语：exemplary damages（惩罚性赔偿）惩罚性赔偿（punitive damages），也称示范性的赔偿（exemplary damages）或报复性的赔偿（vindictive damages），是指由法庭所作出的赔偿数额超出实际的损害数额的赔偿。
一般认为，惩罚性赔偿制度主要应当适用于侵权案件，但在美国法中，这一制度被广泛地应用于合同纠纷，在许多州甚至主要适用于合同纠纷。
惩罚性赔偿的功能不仅在于弥补受害人的损害，还在于惩罚和制裁严重过错行为；赔偿的数额主要不以实际的损害为标准，且不以实际损害为限。
但是惩罚性赔偿的特点并不能割断其与补偿性赔偿的联系。
惩罚性赔偿一般以补偿性赔偿的存在为依据，只有符合补偿性赔偿的构成要件才能请求惩罚性赔偿。
以下是exemplary damages的英文解释，选自The Real Life Dictionary of the Lawexemplary damagesn. often called punitive damages， these are damages requested and/or awarded in a lawsuit when thedefendant's willful acts were malicious， violent，oppressive， fraudulent， wanton or grossly reckless. Examples of acts warranting exemplary damages：publishing that someone had committed murders when the publisher knew it was not true but hated the person；an ex-husband trashes his former wife's auto and threatens further property damage； a stockbroker buys and sells a widow's stocks to generate commissions resulting in her losing all her capital （money）These damages are awarded both as a punishment and to set a public example. They reward the plaintiff for the horrible nature of what she/he went through or suffered. Although often requested， exemplary damages are seldom awarded. There have been major awards in egregious （remarkable or outs tanding） cases， such as fraud schemes， sexual harassment or other intentional and vicious actions even when the provable actual damages were not extensive.ive.>>>>。
法律英语词汇：17个法律术语
法律英语词汇：17个法律术语1.contract，现在多译为“合同”，我以为不分场合、不分情况一律译为“合同”是不妥的。
因为我们中国人看见“合同”一词就想到一个书面的、写成一条一条的文件，可是contract一词的含义范围却要广泛得多。
contract不限于书面的文件，口头上也可订contract，打电话也可以订contract，甚至于不说话也能订contract，例如在报摊上付钱买份晚报或买票搭乘公共汽车。
contract就是有法律约束力的协议，只有较重要的contract才采取书面形式。
所以一般的、泛指的contract 应当译“契约”，例如law of contract应当译“契约法”，较重要的、书面的contract才译“合同”，例如contract for the international sale of goods可以译“国际售货合同”。
2.intellectual property，不知道当初为何译成“知识产权”，以后竟然以讹传讹广泛沿用至今，而且订入法律，实在可叹！这个词组不论按字面上译、按含义译都不能译“知识产权”。
intellectual一词根本没有“知识”的意思，它与“知识”是两个不同的概念。
作为名词intellectual指“知识分子”，但是在intellectual property词组中intellectual显然是形容词而不是名词，何况“知识分子”与“知识”并不能划等号，即使退一万步对号入座地硬译，也只能译“知识分子产权”而不能译“知识产权”。
当然，译“知识分子产权”也是错的。
从含义上看，何谓intellectual property？它是指对于智力劳动所创造的智力产品或智力成果的权利，主要包括版权、专利权、商标权等，所以应该译为“智力产权”。
我们的前辈严复曾说，“一名之立，旬月踟蹰”，我们今天对待译名何等需要那样的认真精神啊！译名宜慎重，不要随便译，使用现有的译名也该慎重，尤其不要随便跟着别人使用、传播错误的译名，应该抵制错误的译名！3.joint venture.这个术语译时要当心。
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实在法positive law
法律渊源source of law
习惯法customary law
刑事诉讼criminal procedure
财产权property
行政部门executive branch
法律僵化ossification of law
大陆法系civil law system
分权separation of powers
下级法院inferior court
法律培训legal training
民事诉讼civil action
治安法官justice of peace
青少年犯罪juvenile delinquency
人身伤害personal injury
上诉法院appellate court
初审法院trial court
巡回法院circuit court
终审法院court of last resort
教会法
地方政府provincial government
联邦司法系统federal judicial system
调整关系regulate relationship
基本法basic law
地方立法机构regional legislature
大选general election
公民权利civil right
政治背景political context
宪法修正案amendment to the constitution 刑事责任criminal liability
行为犯conduct crime
刑法criminal law
公共安全public safety
反社会行为anti-social conduct
要件element
维护和平preserve peace
违法行为unlawful act
履行职责discharge the duty
结果犯consequence or result crime
监督权supervisory authority
被现场抓获be caught red-handed
有罪答辩plea of guilty
审前动议pretrial motion
无罪推定presumption of innocence 对抗程序adversary process
事实认定fact finding
司法部department of justice
证据排除suppression of evidence
犯罪现场scene of a crime
felony 重罪
subpoena 传票
custody 羁押
违禁品contraband
prosecutor 检察官
complaint 起诉书
information 起诉书（检察官提交）indicment 起诉书（大陪审团提交）warrant 证明书逮捕证
detention 拘留
accusatory 指控的
arraignment 提审
discovery 证据提审
suppression 排除
incriminate 控告。
有罪probation 缓刑
incarceration 关押
adversary 对抗
adjudication 判决
omission 不作为
liability 责任
mens rea 犯罪意图
conduct行为
circumstance 情况，情节manslaughter 杀人
袭击assault
misconduct 不正当行为
arson 纵火
discharge 履行
causation 因果关系
abide 遵守
charter 宪章
legislate立法
ratify批准
jusification 理由
judiciary 司法部门
regulate 调整
convention 惯例
《法律英语法律术语》
legitimacy合法性
supremacy 最高权力unconstitutional 不符合宪法referendun公民投票prerogative 特权
abolish废除
hearing 审判
控告accuse
释放release
delinquency （青少年）不法犯罪appellate 上诉的
reversal 撤销
prosecution 指控
discretion 自由裁量权
arbiter 裁决人
codify使法典化
democracy 民主
先例precedent
授权delegation
promulgate 公布
tribunal法庭
行政的executive
成文法的statutory
损害赔偿金damages
信托trust
injunction禁止令
trial 审判
analogy 类推
default 不履约
advocate 辩护人移转remit
侵犯infringe
临时的interim
诱因incentive
争辩contest
待决pend
垄断monopoly
游说lobby
财产assets
赋予vest
动产chattel
赠与confer
可继承的财产hereditament
支配权disposition
没有立下遗嘱的intestate 租借lease
承租人tenent
双方面的bilateral
单方面的unilateral
无效的viod
可撤销的viodable
无效行为nullity
废除rescind
承诺acceptance
股东shareholder
未成年人minor
判给award
威慑手段deterrence
假定presumption
殴打battery
关押imprisonment
限制行动confine
非法进入trespass
过失negligence
违背breach
起诉sue
诉讼，官司lawsuit
仲裁arbitration
调解mediation
维护vindicate
原告plaintiff
负有责任的liable
法庭forum
陪审团jury
辩护plead
审判地管辖地法庭venue
收公路费toll road
主要营业地principal business
营业执照business license
有限责任limited liability
董事会board of directors
永久存在perpetual existence
集中管理centralized management
契约权利contractual right
法律关系legal relationship
无形可继承财产incorporeal hereditament 消费者保护consumer protection
权利和义务right and obligation
动产moveable property
有约束力的合同binding contract
财产转移transfer of property
土地所有人a person in possession of land 法律后果legal consequence
已履行的合同executed contract
合同条款terms of agreement
公证员notary
意见一致meeting of the minds
主观意图subjective intent
酬金monetary reward
法律行为能力legal capacity
民事侵权行为civil wrong
侵权行为tortious act
故意侵权行为intentional tort
非法拘禁false imprisonment
实际损害actual damages
注意标准standard of care
注意义务duty of care
严格责任strict liability
过失行为negligent conduct
违约breach a contract
属人管辖personal jurisdiction
事物管辖subject matter jurisdiction
诉讼原因cause of action
解决争端resolve disoute
索赔demand compensation
民事诉讼civil litigation
可起诉的行为actionable behavior
法院的选择forum selection
权利的剥夺deprivation of rights
保密信息confidential information
排他权exclusive right
注册商标registered trademark
商业价值commercial value
脑力劳动mental labour
用就性禁止令permanent injunction
物质形式material form
智力成果product of mind。