Decorative-vacuum-coatings

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8.31大英重点单词

只听见刀叉摩擦瓷器的刺耳声 3.艰难取得，勉强获得 He finally managed to scrape together one hundred silver dollars. It
had taken him three whole years！整整的三年，他凑足了一百块钱 4.挖坑，挖洞 5.把头发拢在后面 n.擦坏，擦伤，蹭破，刮坏
因为即使你已经解决了问题，你还是会给人优柔寡断或无法面对压力的不良印象。
career indecision职业决策困难；职业犹豫；生
涯不确定；职业未决
9
adj . indecisive 犹豫不决的；非决定性的 adv. indecisively 优柔寡断地
n. indecisiveness =indecision 犹豫不定
She stumbled and fell, scraping her palms and knees. 她绊了一跤摔倒了，擦伤了双掌和双膝。
15
sufficient adj.enough
be sufficient for eg:The food is sufficient for a week.
I was thunderstruck when they told me the news. 当他们告诉我这一消息时,我惊呆了。
19
n. 1.嘲笑，愚弄 2.可鄙的东西，无价值的事物同： [n.] jeer, jeering, lampoon, parody 例句： The unfair trial was a mockery of
justice. 那不公平的审判是对公正的一种蔑视。
13
peel [pi:l]
v. 1.剥，去（皮、壳、外层覆盖物等） These boiled eggs peel easily 这些水煮蛋很容易剥壳。 2.【口】脱（衣服） The paper was beginning to peel off the walls. 墙上的纸渐渐脱落了. 3.剥落，脱落；脱皮 Her sun burned skin began to peel. 她那经日光曝晒的皮肤开始剥落 n. （水果、蔬菜、嫩枝等的）皮，外皮；（对虾等的）壳，

钢筋混凝土防腐蚀剂说明书

The sealer must be removed by diamond-grinding or a X through the coating and down to theX and press firmly.the taped area is removed with the tape, the originalwell, the floor should not be coated with ROKREZ well bonded, scuff sand the surface after cleaning tounless all loose material and dust is removed, and MOISTURE IN THE CONCRETEIf your concrete has the tendency to always look wet or dark in certain areas, then there is a chance that moisture could be the reason.1. Apply a 2’ x 2’ sheet of plastic (such as a heavy-duty garbage bag) to an areaof the garage floor.2. Tape down the edges with duct tape and allow to set for 24 hours, if waterdroplets appear on the inside of the plastic or if concrete appears wet (darker in color), moisture is trapped in the concrete and the floor should not be painted unless you use the SIMIRON Moisture Vapor Barrier (MVB ) coating to stop moisture from coming through the concrete.CRACKS IN CONCRETEAny crack thicker or wider than your nail must be repaired before applying coating or it will show through finished product.To resolve, use ROKREZ Concrete Crack Filler to patch any cracks or pits in concrete.*Be sure to follow all patch product instructions.1.Check Concrete for any of the following issuesIn-Depth Instruction GuideIMPORTANTREAD COMPLETE IN-DEPTH INS TALLATION GUIDE BEFORE OPENING OR USING PRODUCT.P LEASE FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY TO ENSURE P ROP ER APPLICATION FOR LONG-LASTING RESULTS.For additional application tips, and productdemonstration videos visit Be sure to read safety data sheet at before using plete All-IN-One Kit Includes RokRez Solid Activator RokRez Solid Base RokRez Decorative Chip RokRez Slip Resistant Additive Concentrated Cleaner Application Instructions Stir Stick 9” Roller Cover Brush**Repeat as necessary until completely clean.one packet of Concentrated Cleaner to 2 gallons of water.be used to eliminate excess water and Be sure there are no white stained areas on the concrete where Concentratedresidue could still be left over. Rub area with a black towel, if there is any white residue on the towel, wash that area again with fresh water. (This can typically happen in areas where water can seep under drywall areas.)Allow the floor to dry completely for 24 hours. Cooler temperatures may need31710’ x 10’ sections8Surface Preparation.2.Cleaning the bare concreteCAUTIONDo not use muriatic acid. — If product will be used on a basement floor, do not use Concentrated Cleaner. Instead, prepare floor with TSP solution or substitute.If the floor is not thoroughly cleaned and completely rinsed, the coating may not adhere properly to the surface. If Concentrated Cleaner solution is not completely rinsed, the concrete will have white residue areas that will need to be rinsed again.34Mixing RokRez Epoxy Garage Kit.3.Before We Begin — Application tipsFor best results have two people to perform this application process together, itis however possible with one person.Prepare tools (roller cover, brush) and prepare black bucket by thoroughlycleaning.garage door trackseam, then shut garage door to ensure the door is resting on top of the tape. You doPour Base material in clean, empty, black ROKREZ kit bucket.(TIP : Roll packet like a tube of toothpaste to ensure all contents are emptied into bucket.)Next, pour all of the Activator into the black ROKREZ kit bucket.Mix the Base and Activator contents in black ROKREZ kit bucket thoroughlywith Paddle Mixer tool on a drill for 3 minutes .(TIP : Don’t forget to have your gloves and safety goggles on. Do not splash contents while mixing.)Move drill around while mixing. Occasionally scrape sides using a paint stickto ensure material is thoroughly mixed. Be sure to mix for 3 minutes .If adding optional Slip Resistant Additive, Continue to Mixing Slip Resistant Additive to Mixed Base & ActivatorOccasionally stir material during use if working out of the bucket to maintain ( o ptional )34CAUTION AFTER MIXING, PRODUCT IS NOW ACTIVATED. — USE PRODUCT IMMEDIATELY REFER TO POT-LIFE & Drying Times CHART (on pg. 2) AND APPLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH YOUR ALLOTTED TIME. Mixing RokRez Epoxy Garage Kit.3.4.Continued — Mixing kitRolling — Main AreasSIMIRON PRODUCT SUPPORTQuestions or comments, call the toll-free Product Support line between 8:00am – 5:00pm EST.STARTING NEW SECTIONS: Continue following the steps until the entire garage is coated.QUESTIONS?866.515.8775403232 09/1932700 I N D U S T R I A L D R I V E M A D I S O N H E I G H T S , M I 48071 | 866.515.8775 | S I M I R O N.C O MApplying RokRez Epoxy Garage Kit.4.Step 3. Decorative Chip Additive — Drying Times —Starting new Section-SetsBroadcast Decorative Chip Additive section completed before continuing. If you choose not to include Decorative Chip Additive, disregard and repeat all steps from “Rolling (Main remaining coating sections. Not applying Decorative Chip Additive will not affect coating performance.1. Tear small corner of Decorative Chip Additive bag and pour a small amountof Decorative Chip into a small bucket for easier use.2. Toss high in the air onto wet coated section. 3. Throw evenly to create a consistent appearance.4. Next to the uncoated concrete leave 6”–12” section of wet film withoutDecorative Chip. This section will be rolled into when coating the next 4’ x 4’ area.(Note: Fresh paint can be applied over the loose chips that lay outside the previously painted area.)Step 2. Rolling Main Areas for the remaining 4’x4’ sections Applying ROKREZ Epoxy Garage Kit: Before We Begin - Overview (pg.3) for more : remember to apply evenly throughout surface area to have adequate amount Once you have used all the coating from your first ROKREZ Epoxy Garage kit to cover the allotted area, you can now open your next ROKREZ Epoxy Garage kit and follow the same steps to coat the next area, beginning at Mixing ROKREZ Epoxy Garage Kit (pg. 3).Once the entire floor is completed continue to Clean Up & Dry Times , below.Each clear poly-bag contains:1-RokRez Activator Pouch 1-RokRez Base Pouch 1-Slip Resistant Additive 1-Concentrated Clean Pouch 1-Decorative Chip Pouchcontents ofonly one poly-bag at a time.RokRez Epoxy Garage Floor Coating 2½ Car Kit Multiple Kit Application.Clear Poly-Bags.Clean Up & Dry Times.5.6.Clean tools with Acetone or Xylene. Follow solvent manufactures safety data sheets.Allow products to fully cure and throw away.For uncured product see your local government for disposal instructions.KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN. DO NOT TAKE INTERNALLYFor additional application tips, and product demonstration videos visit 34。

pvd溅射镀膜技术英语

pvd溅射镀膜技术英语Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Sputtering Coating Technology.Physical vapor deposition (PVD) sputtering is aversatile thin-film deposition technique that utilizes a physical process to transfer material from a target to a substrate. In PVD sputtering, the target material is bombarded with energetic ions, causing the target atoms to be ejected and deposited onto the substrate. This process enables the deposition of a wide range of materials, including metals, alloys, ceramics, and polymers, with precise control over film thickness, composition, and properties.Process Mechanism.The PVD sputtering process involves the following steps:1. Target Preparation: The target, which is the sourceof the deposited material, is typically a solid or powdered form of the desired material.2. Vacuum Chamber: The deposition process takes place in a vacuum chamber to minimize contamination and ensure a clean deposition environment.3. Plasma Generation: The vacuum chamber is filled with an inert gas, such as argon or nitrogen, which is ionized by an electrical discharge to create a plasma.4. Ion Bombardment: The ions in the plasma are accelerated towards the target, where they impact the surface and physically sputter the target atoms.5. Film Deposition: The sputtered atoms travel through the plasma and deposit onto the substrate, forming a thin film.Advantages of PVD Sputtering.PVD sputtering offers several advantages over otherthin-film deposition techniques:High Deposition Rates: PVD sputtering can achieve high deposition rates, allowing for rapid coating of large surfaces.Excellent Adhesion: The sputtered atoms have high kinetic energy, which promotes strong adhesion between the film and the substrate.Uniform Coatings: PVD sputtering produces uniform and conformal coatings, even on complex surfaces.Wide Material Compatibility: PVD sputtering is compatible with a wide range of materials, including metals, alloys, ceramics, and polymers.Precise Control: PVD sputtering allows for precise control over film thickness, composition, and properties by adjusting process parameters such as deposition time, power, and gas pressure.Applications of PVD Sputtering.PVD sputtering is used in a variety of applications, including:Hard Coatings: Wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, and low-friction coatings for cutting tools, bearings, and medical devices.Optical Coatings: Anti-reflection coatings, reflective coatings, and filters for lenses, mirrors, and optical devices.Electronic Coatings: Conductive, insulating, and semiconducting coatings for microelectronics, solar cells, and displays.Biocompatible Coatings: Biocompatible coatings for medical implants, dental prosthetics, and drug delivery systems.Decorative Coatings: Decorative finishes for jewelry,home appliances, and automotive parts.Conclusion.Physical vapor deposition (PVD) sputtering is a widely used and versatile thin-film deposition technique that offers a range of advantages, including high deposition rates, excellent adhesion, uniform coatings, wide material compatibility, and precise control. PVD sputtering is used in diverse applications, from hard coatings and optical coatings to electronic coatings and biocompatible coatings.。

真空离子镀英文介绍

真空离子镀英文介绍Vacuum Ion Coating: IntroductionIntroduction:Vacuum ion coating, also known as vacuum ion plating, is a technologically advanced process used in the field of surface treatment. It involves the deposition of thin layers ofdifferent materials on a substrate through a vacuum chamber. This process has gained immense popularity due to its ability to enhance the surface properties of various objects.History:The concept of vacuum ion coating originated in the 19th century when the first experiments to deposit thin films on glass surfaces were conducted. Over the years, advancements in technology and equipment led to the development of moreefficient methods for vacuum ion coating. Today, it is widely used in industries such as electronics, automotive, aerospace, and decorative coatings.Process:The vacuum ion coating process involves several steps. Firstly, the substrate or object to be coated is placed inside a vacuum chamber. The chamber is then evacuated to create a low-pressure environment. This is crucial to remove any impurities or gases that may interfere with the coating process.Once the desired pressure is achieved, the coating material is evaporated through various methods such as electron beam evaporation, magnetron sputtering, or arc evaporation. The evaporated material then condenses on the surface of the substrate to form a thin film.Advantages:Vacuum ion coating offers numerous advantages over other coating processes. Firstly, it provides excellent adhesion between the coating material and the substrate, ensuring long-lasting durability. It also offers a wide range of coating materials to choose from, including metals, ceramics, and polymers, allowing for customized applications.Furthermore, vacuum ion coating can enhance the physical and chemical properties of the coated object. It can improve scratch resistance, corrosion resistance, and thermal stability. This makes it an ideal choice for applications that require exceptional performance under harsh conditions.Applications:Additionally, vacuum ion coating finds applications in the field of decorative coatings. It is used to add color, texture, and shine to various objects such as jewelry, watches, and household items. The coating can also improve the scratch resistance of these items, prolonging their lifespan.Conclusion:Vacuum ion coating is a highly advanced process that offers numerous benefits in surface treatment. Its ability to enhance the surface properties of various objects has made it a crucial technology in industries such as electronics, automotive, aerospace, and decorative coatings. With continued advancements in materials and equipment, vacuum ion coating is expected to play an even more significant role in the future.。

国外齿轮镀膜企业调研

国外齿轮镀膜企业调研那智不二越株式会社（日本）是从原材料产品到机床的全方位综合制造型企业。

在切削刀具、机床领域的机械加工、无人自动化机器人、轴承，液压件以及其他功能零部件、原材料，热处理、涂层等材料四大方面均有涉及。

其镀膜零件主要镀层为TiN、Ti-C-N和CrN。

图1 NaChi生产的镀膜刀具、轴承NaChi除制造、生产镀膜零部件外，还生产离子镀膜设备。

图2 NaChi生产的离子镀膜设备日本齿轮工业株式会社，是日本著名的齿轮制造商之一，主要产品有千斤顶，动力推杆，齿轮以及齿轮驱动器等。

日本齿轮工业株式会社的产品广泛应用于通信、轮船、高铁、航空及桥梁等行业。

图3 日本齿轮工业生产的齿轮产品KHK小原齿轮是日本老牌齿轮制造商，并且也是全球最受推崇的齿轮生产商之一，齿轮产品型号繁多，能用于各种机械领域。

此外KHK还推出了一套齿轮标准，称为日本KHK标准，是齿轮生产标准之一，在国际上具有一定影响力。

图4 KHK小原齿轮的齿轮产品美国Gleason公司专门生产各类齿轮零部件，为客户提供各种解决方案，应用领域包含汽车、飞机、卡车和拖拉机，大到能供千万家庭用电的巨型风力发电机，小到这些家庭用的除草机等各类大小电动工具。

Gleason is The Total Gear Solutions Provider of the machines, tooling, processes, services and technologies needed to produce bevel and cylindrical gears foundvirtually everywhere -- from automobiles and airplanes to trucks and tractors; from giant wind turbines that can power a thousand homes, to the lawn mowers and power tools found at these homes。

真空电镀工艺流程和原理

真空电镀工艺流程和原理Vacuum deposition is a key process in the manufacturing of various products, from semiconductors to decorative coatings. It involves the deposition of thin films of material onto a substrate under high vacuum conditions. 真空镀膜是制造各种产品的关键过程，从半导体到装饰性涂层。

它涉及在高真空条件下将材料的薄膜沉积在基底上。

The process of vacuum deposition begins with the creation of a high vacuum environment in a deposition chamber. This is typically achieved using a mechanical pump to remove air and gases from the chamber. Once the desired vacuum level is reached, the material to be deposited is heated in a crucible or evaporated using an electron beam or sputtering technique. 真空镀膜的过程始于在镀层室中创造高真空环境。

通常通过使用机械泵从室内排气和气体来实现。

一旦达到所需的真空水平，待沉积的材料会在坩埚中加热或通过电子束或溅射技术蒸发。

The material vaporizes and travels through the vacuum chamber, where it condenses onto the substrate to form a thin film. The thickness and properties of the film can be controlled by adjusting parameters such as the deposition rate, temperature, and pressure inthe chamber. 材料蒸发并穿过真空室，然后在基底上凝结形成薄膜。

真空等离子喷涂热障涂层

真空等离子喷涂热障涂层英文回答：Vacuum plasma spraying (VPS) is a coating technique used to apply thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) on various surfaces. It involves the use of a high-temperature plasma torch to heat and melt the coating material, which is then propelled onto the substrate using a high-velocity gas stream. This process creates a dense and adherent coating that provides excellent thermal insulation and protection against high temperatures.One of the main advantages of VPS is its ability to produce thick coatings with high porosity. The porosity in the coating acts as a thermal barrier, reducing heat transfer and improving the overall thermal insulation properties. This is particularly beneficial in applications where high-temperature resistance is required, such as in gas turbine engines or aerospace components.The choice of coating material is crucial in achieving the desired performance of the thermal barrier coating. Typically, materials such as zirconia-based ceramics or metallic alloys are used. These materials have excellent thermal properties and can withstand the harsh operating conditions. For example, zirconia-based ceramics have a low thermal conductivity and high thermal expansion coefficient, which allows them to effectively insulate the substratefrom high temperatures.In addition to the choice of coating material, the process parameters also play a significant role in the quality and performance of the coating. Factors such as plasma torch power, gas flow rate, and substratetemperature need to be carefully controlled to ensureproper coating formation. For instance, too high plasmatorch power can lead to excessive heating of the coating material, resulting in poor adhesion and coating quality.On the other hand, too low substrate temperature can cause insufficient melting and bonding of the coating material.Furthermore, surface preparation is crucial for thesuccessful application of thermal barrier coatings. The substrate needs to be thoroughly cleaned and prepared to ensure good adhesion between the coating and the substrate. Techniques such as grit blasting or chemical etching are commonly used to remove any contaminants and roughen the surface, providing a suitable anchor for the coating material.Overall, vacuum plasma spraying is an effective and widely used technique for applying thermal barrier coatings. Its ability to produce thick coatings with high porosity, combined with the proper choice of coating material and control of process parameters, allows for the creation of durable and high-performance coatings that can withstand extreme temperatures.中文回答：真空等离子喷涂（VPS）是一种用于在各种表面上涂覆热障涂层（TBCs）的涂覆技术。

15appearancemodeling15

Reflection and Refraction
Reflection Vertex Normal N
αα β
Air Water
Refraction
Snell’s Law
• α Incoming = α Reflected
• sin(α)/sin(β) = Refractive Index (material dependent)
• e.g. F90 = 1, if the incoming ray is parallel to the surface, all light is reflected.
Designed to reflect all light eventually to Observer.
Anti-reflective Coatings
Light rays through a water surface
Bright areas caused by bunching
dark
of refracted rays
( 1800s ) Water-filled glass spheres to focus or condense candlelight onto small areas
Approximated Fresnel Term
• F0 = (N-1)2/(N+1)2 is a minimum of incoming light parallel to the normal of the surface.
• Fα = F0+(1- cos(α))5 * (1- F0) is a value between 0 and 1 depending on the angle between the incoming ray and the surface normal.

Vacuum cooking正式版

Mechanical properties

Double compression: Apple slices were then compressed twice with a 20% deformation of their height at 20 mm.min−1 with a 20 mm diameter round flat tip.
Material and methods

Materials: 10 apple cultivars: Golden Delicious, Braeburn, Fuji, Cripps Pink, Ariane, Royal Gala, Cameo, Belchard, Granny Smith, and Canada Grise Harvest from month 9 – 11 (optimum)， 2006
Material and methods
Methods: 160 apples of each cultivars ---- stored at + 4 ◦C a) 60 for instrumental analysis - 30 for penetrometry, soluble solids, and titrable acidity - 30 for double compression b) 100 ---- thermal processed for 25 min at 95 ◦C - 30 of them were randomly sampled for compression tests All 160 apples were brought up to room temperature for 12 hours.

Coating关于涂料

CoatingFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia(Redirected from Industrial coating)A coating is a covering that is applied to the surface of an object, usually referred to as the substrate. The purpose of applying the coating may be decorative, functional, or both. The coating itself may be an all-over coating, completely covering the substrate, or it may only cover parts of the substrate. An example of all of these types of coating is a product label on many drinks bottles- one side has an all-over functional coating(the adhesive) and the other side has one or more decorative coatings in an appropriate pattern (the printing) to form the words and images.Paints and lacquers are coatings that mostly have dual uses of protecting the substrate and being decorative, although some artists paints are only for decoration, and the paint on large industrial pipes is presumably only for the function of preventing corrosion.Functional coatings may be applied to change the surface properties of the substrate, suchas adhesion, wettability, corrosion resistance, or wear resistance. In other cases, e.g. semiconductor device fabrication (where the substrate is a wafer), the coating adds a completely new property such as a magnetic response or electrical conductivity and forms an essential part of the finished product.A major consideration for most coating processes is that the coating is to be applied at a controlled thickness, and a number of different processes are in use to achieve this control, ranging from a simple brush for painting a wall, to some very expensive machinery applying coatings in the electronics industry. A further consideration for'non-all-over' coatings is that control is needed as to where the coating is to be applied. A number of thesenon-all-over coating processes are printing processes.Many industrial coating processes involve the application of a thin film of functional material to a substrate, such as paper, fabric, film, foil, or sheet stock. If the substrate starts and ends the process wound up in a roll, the process may be termed "roll-to-roll" or "web-based" coating. A roll of substrate, when wound through the coating machine, is typically called a web.Coatings may be applied as liquids, gases or solids.Functions of coatings[edit]∙Adhesive –adhesive tape, pressure-sensitive labels, iron-on fabric∙Changing adhesion properties∙Non-stick PTFE coated- cooking pans∙Release coatings e.g. silicone-coated release liners for many self-adhesive products∙primers encourage subsequent coatings to adhere well (also sometimes have anti-corrosive properties) ∙Optical coatings∙Reflective coatings for mirrors∙Anti-reflective coatings e.g. on spectacles∙UV- absorbent coatings for protection of eyes or increasing the life of the substrate∙Tinted as used in some coloured lighting, tinted glazing, or sunglasses∙Catalytic e.g. some self-cleaning glass∙Light-sensitive as previously used to make photographic film∙Protective coatings∙Most surface coatings or paints are to some extent protecting the substrate e.g.∙Sealing and waterproofing wood∙Sealing the surface of concrete∙Film-forming sealers and floor paint∙Seamless polymer/resin flooring∙Bund wall/containment lining∙Waterproofing and damp proofing of concrete walls∙Roof coating∙Concrete bridge deck membranes∙Sealing and waterproofing of masonry∙Preserving machinery, equipment and structures [1]∙Maintenance coatings/paints for metals, alloys and concrete∙Chemical resistant coatings∙Wear resistance∙Hard anti-scratch coating on plastics and other materials e.g. of titanium nitride to reduce scratching and abrasion loss∙Barrier coatings on concrete, metals and alloys subject to erosion/abrasive attack ∙Anti-corrosion∙Underbody sealant for cars∙Many plating products∙Preserving equipment and structural steel from degradation∙Under thermal insulation and under protective fireproofing for structural steel ∙Passive fire protection∙Insulation∙Waterproof fabric and waterproof paper∙Anti-graffiti∙Antimicrobial surface∙Foul release and anti-fouling∙Magnetic properties such as for magnetic media like cassette tapes, floppy disks, and some mass transit tickets∙Electrical or electronic properties∙Conformal Antenna, e.g., metal coatings on plastic airframes∙Conductive coatings e.g. to manufacture some types of resistors∙Insulating coatings e.g. on magnet wires used in transformers∙Scent properties such as scratch and sniff stickers and labelsCoating processes[edit]Coating processes may be classified as follows:Vapor deposition[edit]Chemical vapor deposition[edit]Main article: Chemical vapor deposition∙Metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy∙Electrostatic spray assisted vapour deposition (ESAVD)∙Sherardizing∙Some forms of Epitaxy∙Molecular beam epitaxyPhysical vapor deposition[edit]Main article: Physical vapor deposition∙Cathodic arc deposition∙Electron beam physical vapor deposition (EBPVD)∙Ion plating∙Ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD)∙Magnetron sputtering∙Pulsed laser deposition∙Sputter deposition∙Vacuum deposition∙Vacuum evaporation, evaporation (deposition)∙Pulsed electron deposition (PED)Chemical and electrochemical techniques[edit]∙Conversion coating∙Autophoretic, the registered trade name of a proprietary series of autodepositing coatings specifically for ferrous metal substrates[2]∙Anodising∙Chromate conversion coating∙Plasma electrolytic oxidation∙Phosphate (coating)∙Ion beam mixing∙Pickled and oiled, a type of plate steel coating∙Plating∙Electroless plating∙ElectroplatingSpraying[edit]∙Spray painting∙High velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF)∙Plasma spraying∙Thermal spraying∙Kinetic metallization (KM)[3]∙Plasma transferred wire arc thermal spraying∙The common forms of Powder coatingRoll-to-roll coating processes[edit]Common roll-to-roll coating processes include:∙Air knife coating∙Anilox coater∙Flexo coater∙Gap Coating∙Knife-over-roll coating∙Gravure coating∙Hot melt coating- when the necessary coating viscosity is achieved by temperature rather than solution of the polymers etc. This method commonly implies slot-die coating above room temperature, but it also is possible to have hot-melt roller coating; hot-melt metering-rod coating, etc.∙Immersion dip coating∙Kiss coating∙Metering rod (Meyer bar) coating∙Roller coating∙Forward roller coating∙Reverse roll coating∙Silk Screen coater∙Rotary screen∙Slot Die coating∙Extrusion coating[4] - generally high pressure, often high temperature, and with the web travelling much faster than the speed of the extruded polymer.∙Curtain coating- low viscosity, with the slot vertically above the web and a gap between slotdie and web.∙Slide coating- bead coating with an angled slide between the slotdie and the bead. Very successfully used for multilayer coating in the photographic industry.∙Slot die bead coating- typically with the web backed by a roller and a very small gap between slotdie and web.∙Tensioned-web slotdie coating- with no backing for the web.∙Inkjet printing∙Lithography∙FlexographyPhysical coating processes[edit]∙Langmuir-Blodgett[5]∙Spin coating∙Dip coatingSee also[edit]∙Film Coating drugs∙Adhesion Tester∙Deposition∙Formulations∙Langmuir-Blodgett film∙Nanoparticle deposition∙Optically active additive, for inspection purposes after a coating operation∙Plastic film∙Printed electronics∙Seal (mechanical)∙Thermal barrier coating∙Thermal cleaning∙Thin-film deposition∙Paper coating∙Thermosetting polymer∙Vitreous enamel∙Paint。

ASME管道安装部件(2005版)

ASME A112.18.1-2005/CSA B125.1-05管道安装部件1 范围1．1本标准适用于位于管路终点和终端装置之间的管道安装部件及其配件，包括如下：(a) 用于独立入墙式淋浴系统的自动补偿阀(b) 浴室和花洒供水装置(c) 坐浴盆供水装置(d) 洗衣盆供水装置(e) 饮水机供水装置(f) 增湿器供水止水阀(g) 厨房, 洗涤盆和面盆供水装置(h) 洗衣盆供水装置(i) 草坪和沉淀池龙头(j) 计量且自动关闭的供水装置和(k) 供水止水阀1．2管道附件由标准ASME A112.18.2/CSA B125.2 定义1．3其他装置,如: 在连续压力下的温控混合阀和柔性连接体,由CSA B125.3 或其他管路产品标准定义1．4本标准不适用于常规管道或管道装置1．5在本标准内, “shall”表示要求,即使用者为应用此标准必须满足的条件; “should” 表示推荐或某些建议但非强制要求; “may”表示一种选择或某些在本标准内允许的情况. 文本后附的备注不包括要求或选择性的要求; 文本后备注的目的是将文本说明和材料来源分开. 表格和图片的备注被认为是表格或图片的一部分,作为要求处理.1．6不论是以SI(公制)还是以码/磅(英制)表示的数值均被认为是标准的. SI(公制)单位用于加拿大(Canada)的报告.在本标准内,括号内的为码/磅等英制单位. 这些数值在每个测量系统同等应用; 但是每个系统必须独立使用. 来自两个测量系统的混合数值不适应于本标准.所有提到的加仑都是美制加仑.关于本标准的转换标准的相关信息见附录A.2参考资料ASME 和CSA出版物本标准参考了如下资料,而且在每个有参考的条款后面都备注参考方目的版本及相关改版记录ASME 国际(美国机械工程协会)A112.1.2-1991(R2002)Air Gaps in Plumbing Systems管道系统的空气间隙A112.18.2-2005/CSA B125.2-2005Plumbing Waste Fittings 管道附件装置A112.18.3-2002Performance Requirements for Backflow Devices and Systems in Plumbing Fixture Fittings反逆流装置和管道装置系统的性能要求B1.20.1-1983(R2001)Pipe Threads, General Purpose, Inch 管道螺纹,一般应用(英寸)B1.20.7-1991(R2003)Hose Coupling Screw Threads, Inch软管连接螺丝螺纹（英寸）B16.18-2001Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure Fittings铸造铜合金焊接压力装置B16.22-2001锻造铜和铜合金焊接压力装置B16.26-1988Cast Copper Alloy Fittings for Flared Copper Tubes 用于广口铜管的铸造铜合金装置PTC 19.2-1987 (R1998)Pressure Measurements, Instruments and Apparatus 压力测量,工具和装置PTC 19.5-1972Application Part II of Fluid Meters: Interim Supplement to Ptc 19.5 on Instruments and Apparatus 流体仪表的应用II: 关于工具和装置PTC 19.5 的中间装置CSA (Canadian Standards Association)ASME A112.18.2-2005/CSA B125.2-05Plumbing waste fittings 管道装置附件CAN/CSA-B64 Series-01Backflow preventers and vacuum breaks 防回流器及真空破坏器B125.3-05Plumbing fittings 管道装置CAN/CSA-C22.2 No.223-M91(R1999)Power supplies with extra-low-voltage Class 2 outputs其它参考资料本标准参考了如下资料,而且在每个有参考的条款后面都备注参考方目的版本及相关改版记录ASSE(American Society of Sanitary Engineering) 美国卫生工程协会1016-2005用于独立花洒和花洒水嘴组合的自动补偿阀1019-1997Performance Requirements for Vacuum Breaker Wall Hydrants, Freeze Resistant, Automatic Drawing Type入墙式出水器,防冻装置,自动排水装置的真空断路器性能要求ASTM International( American Society for Testing and Materials) 美国测试和原料协会B 117-03Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus 盐雾实验装置标准操作B 368-97(2003) e1Standard Method for Copper-Accelerated Acetic Acid-Salt Spray(Fog) Testing (CASS Test)铜加速盐雾试验方法B 380-97(2002)Standard Test Method of Corrosion Testing of Decorative Electrodeposited Coatings by the Corrodkote Procedure 通过Corrodkote程序测试电镀层腐蚀性的测试方法.B 571-97(2003)Standard Practice for Qualitative Adhesion Testing of Metallic Coatings.金属涂层的粘着性试验D 968-93(2001)Standard Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by Falling Abrasive有机镀层耐磨擦性标准测试方法—落砂测试D 3359-02Standard Test Method for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test带式测量附着性标准测试方法D 4060-01Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser有机镀层的耐磨性标准测试方法——砂轮机测试G 85-02e1Standard Practice for Modified Salt Spray (Fog) TestingISA (Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society) 工具、系统和自动化协会ANSI/ISA-75.02-1996Control Valve Capacity Test Procedure 控制阀容量测试程序MC96.1-1982Temperature Measurement Thermocouples 测温热电偶ISO(International Organization for Standardization) 国际标准协会228-1: 2000Pipe threads where pressure-tight joints are not made on the threads – Part I: Dimensions, tolerances and designation非压力紧固接头的管道螺纹-----部分1：尺寸，公差和设计NSF InternationalNSF/ANSI 61-2003eDrinking Water System Components – Health Effects饮用水系统组件-----健康影响SAE International (Society of Automotive Engineers) 汽车工程协会J512 (April 1997)Automotive Tube Fittings 汽车管道装置UL(Underwriters Laboratories Inc.)保险商实验所1310 (1994)Standard for Class 2 Power Units 2级能量单位标准1585(1998)Standard for Class 2 and Class 3 Transformers 2和3转换标准3 定义和简写3．1 定义本标准应用的定义如下：易接近的：容易维修或容易更换的。

埃洛石负载甲醛捕捉剂的制备及其在除醛涂料中的应用

摘要随着现代室内装饰行业的发展及人们对环境健康的重视，人们对于室内装饰材料的环保性要求越来越高，然而竹木质装饰材料常用的含醛胶黏剂在长期使用过程中受外界环境影响或者因自身不稳定性会发生降解，产生甲醛等挥发性有害气体。

前人研究表明物理吸附+化学固着的复合型除醛涂料降低室内甲醛的效果较好，埃洛石纳米管是一种天然纳米材料，具有良好的吸附性能。

因此本研究尝试将埃洛石纳米管（H）应用于除醛领域，利用管状结构负载三种不同的甲醛捕捉剂（硫脲、2-咪唑烷酮、2-吡咯烷酮），利用纳米材料比表面积较大的物理特性吸附空气中的甲醛，利用其负载的甲醛捕捉剂实现甲醛分子的化学固着，从而制备出复合型除醛材料。

主要研究了尿素插层活化埃洛石、甲醛捕捉剂负载及除醛涂料制备工艺；纳米复合物液相除醛效果及机理；功能型除醛涂料的气相除醛效果及涂饰性能。

本研究探索性地将埃洛石纳米管应用于负载甲醛捕捉制备除醛涂料，为开发竹木装饰材料用除醛涂料提供了新途径。

主要的研究结果归纳如下：（1）埃洛石的尿素插层及负载甲醛捕捉剂工艺研究采用磁力搅拌(HU-MS)、超声处理(HU-UP)、回流加热(HU-RH)和球磨处理(HU-BT)四种工艺，研究尿素对埃洛石的插层效果。

磁力搅拌工艺的尿素插层效果较好（插层率68.28 %），处理后埃洛石的层间距由原来的0.723 nm扩大到1.074 nm，且通过扫描电镜观察发现磁力搅拌方法对埃洛石纳米管的微观结构没有造成机械破坏，而其他几种处理会破坏埃洛石纳米管的完整管状结构。

采用磁力搅拌（HUT-MS）、超声处理（HUT-UP）、回流加热（HUT-RH）和真空负载（HUT-VL）的方法将甲醛捕捉剂硫脲（T）负载在尿素改性埃洛石纳米管（H）中，利用热重分析对负载结果研究发现真空负载（HUT-VL）的效果较优，在硫脲的浓度为1 mol/L时，硫脲获得了较优的负载量21.87 %，但当硫脲浓度增加一倍时，负载量仅提高5.54 %。

尼斯分类第三类中英文翻译件-李晓晓

Sunscreens Talcum powders for toilet use Sun-tanning creams and lotions Sunscreen preparations Talcum powders [for cosmetic use] Sun bronzers Sun-tanning creams Sunscreen lotions Talcum powders Sun blocking preparations [cosmetics] Sun tan oil Sunscreen [for cosmetic use] Sun blocking oils [cosmetics] Sun tan lotion Sunscreen creams [for cosmetic use] Sun blocking lipsticks [cosmetics] Sun tan gel Stain removers Sun block preparations Sun-screening preparations Sprays (Breath freshening -) Sun-block lotions Sun screen preparations Spray polish Sun block [cosmetics] Soaps for brightening textiles Sun screen Spray cleaners for freshening athletic mouth guards Sun barriers [cosmetics] Soaps for brightening textiles Sun protectors for lips Spot removers [preparations] Sugar soap Soaps for body care Sun protecting creams [cosmetics] Spot remover Styling sprays for the hair

劳动课《塑封》英语作文

劳动课《塑封》英语作文## Lamination: A Comprehensive Guide.Lamination is a process that involves applying a thin, transparent plastic film to a printed document or photograph to protect it from damage. The film is bonded to the document using heat and pressure, creating a durable and water-resistant barrier. Lamination is commonly used to preserve and enhance the appearance of important documents, photographs, and other items that are frequently handled or exposed to the elements.### Benefits of Lamination.Lamination provides numerous benefits, including:Enhanced durability: The plastic film protects the document from tears, scratches, and other forms of physical damage.Water resistance: Lamination makes the document waterproof, preventing it from being damaged by spills or moisture.UV protection: The film blocks harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays that can cause fading and discoloration of the document.Improved appearance: Lamination gives the document a glossy or matte finish, enhancing its visual appeal and making it more presentable.Increased lifespan: Lamination can significantly extend the lifespan of the document, preserving it for future reference or use.### Types of Lamination.There are several types of lamination available, each with its own unique properties and applications:Cold lamination: This method uses pressure-sensitiveadhesive to bond the film to the document. It is suitable for documents that are not heat-sensitive and provides a quick and easy lamination process.Hot lamination: This method uses heat and pressure to activate an adhesive layer on the film. It produces a stronger bond compared to cold lamination and is suitable for a wider range of materials, including heat-sensitive documents.Dry lamination: This method uses heat and pressure without any adhesives. It is often used for documents that require a high level of clarity and optical quality.Liquid lamination: This method involves applying a liquid polymer to the document, which hardens and forms a protective film. It is suitable for large or irregular-shaped items and provides a durable and flexible coating.### Applications of Lamination.Lamination is widely used in various industries andapplications, including:Documents: Certificates, diplomas, contracts, legal documents, financial statements, and other important papers.Photographs: Family portraits, wedding photos, travel snapshots, and other cherished memories.Business materials: Menus, flyers, brochures, posters, and other promotional items.Educational materials: Textbooks, worksheets, maps, and other classroom resources.Industrial applications: Product labels, warning signs, safety instructions, and other industrial documents.### Lamination Process.The lamination process typically involves the following steps:1. Preparation: The document is trimmed to size and any necessary holes are punched.2. Film selection: The appropriate type of lamination film is selected based on the document's size, material, and desired finish.3. Film cutting: The film is cut to size to match the document.4. Lamination: The document and film are placed in a lamination machine, which applies heat and pressure to bond them together.5. Trimming: After lamination, the excess film is trimmed away from the edges of the document.6. Quality control: The laminated document is inspected for defects and imperfections.### Considerations for Lamination.Before laminating a document, it is important to consider the following factors:Document compatibility: Some documents, such as those containing original signatures or handwritten notes, may not be suitable for lamination as the heat and pressure can damage the ink or paper.Film thickness: The thickness of the lamination film should be appropriate for the size and intended use of the document. A thinner film is less noticeable but provides less protection, while a thicker film offers increased durability but may make the document more rigid.Finish: Lamination films come in a variety of finishes, including glossy, matte, and textured. The finish should be chosen based on the desired visual effect and the intended use of the document.Cost: Lamination can be a cost-effective way to protect important documents, but the price may vary depending on the size, quantity, and type of lamination required.### Conclusion.Lamination is a valuable technique for preserving and enhancing the appearance of important documents and photographs. By understanding the different types of lamination, their applications, and the factors to consider before laminating, you can choose the appropriate method to effectively protect and enhance your cherished items.。

铝粉浆--舒伦克Pigments_for_Coatings

Worldof Metallics A L U M I N I U M&G O L D B R O N Z E P I G M E N T SW o r l d o fschlenk22 5Powder Coatings6 Specialities 246.1 Coil Coatings26 6.2 Plastic Coatings 28 6.3 Aluminium Pellets 307 Goldbronze Pigments04 Technical Information 10 1 Aluminium Pigments leaﬁ ng 2Aluminium Pigments non leaﬁ ng12 2.1 Cornﬂ akes for solventborne systems 14 2.2 Silverdollars for solventborne systems 16 3 Vacuum metallized pigments (VMPs)184Waterborne systems non leaﬁ ng45I N T R O D U C T I O N – T E C H N I C A L I N F O R M A T I O NMetallic pigments are utilized in the coatings industry for numerous and differing applications. Besides creating the typical “metallic effect”, they are also used to fulﬁ ll functional requirements such as corrosion protection, conductivity, and others:Automotive Coatings – OEM – Reﬁ nish– Parts and AccessoriesPlastic Coatings (ex. Consumer Electronics)– TV Cabinets, cell phones, cameras, computer housings, etc.Coil Coatings Can Coatings Powder CoatingsGeneral Industrial Coatings Anti-Corrosion Coatings Watercraft Primer Coatings Roof CoatingsDecorative Coatings (including aerosol)and many moreThe ﬂ akes particle size ranges from 5 to >50 μm in diameter and a thickness of 20 nm (VMP) to 1μm. These metal pigments are composed of aluminium and brass alloys, commonly referred to as gold bronze pigments.The Manufacturing process of Aluminium PigmentsModern aluminium pigments are produced in a wet milling process in ball mills (Hall Process), whereas gold bronze pigments are produced in a dry milling process (Hametag Process).The manufacturing process begins with milling atomized aluminium powder to the desired particle size and form in white spirit / mineral spirits with the addition of lubricating additives. After a screening and classiﬁ cation process, the pigment suspension in the mixer is pressed out and the “press cake“is adjusted with solvents to a metal content of typically 65 %.Should the end application require solvents other than hydrocarbons (ex. pastes in water, water solutable solvents, or other types of solvents), the press cake is dried and the powder again is pasted with the required solvents or water.Metallic Pigmentsfor CoatingsAL min. 99,7 % DIN 1712MeltingAtomizingSievingBall millSievingFilterpressMixer67So called “Vacuum Metallized Pigments“ (“VMP“),our DECOMET series, are produced by releasing aluminium of metallized ﬁ lms. The aluminium is then further processed and the particle size adjusted. These pigments are considerably thinner and offer a surface which is substantially smoother and therefore much more reﬂ ective than conventional aluminium ﬂ akes.Depending on the production process we distinguish between– Lamellar ﬂ akes (Cornﬂ akes)– Lenticular ﬂ akes (Silver-dollars)– Vacuum Metallized Pigments (VMP’s)The “Metallic Effect“LEAFING-PIGMENTNON LEAFING-PIGMENTLeaﬁ ng/Non leaﬁ ngAs a result of the wetting behavior of the ﬂ akes, the metallic pigments either ﬂ oat on the wet ﬁ lm (leaﬁ ng), building a layer of pigments on the ﬁ lm surface, or the pigments become fully wetted out and distribute themselves homogeneously in the paint ﬁ lm (non leaﬁ ng).The wetting behavior is determined by the lubricating additives used in the milling process. Leaﬁ ng pigments are achieved when using stearic acid whereas non leaﬁ ng pigments can be produced when unsaturated fatty acids (ex. oleic acid) are used.Leaﬁ ng pigments create a silver ”metallic effect” and are primarily used in corrosion protection coatings, decorative coatings, as well as roof coatings. The disadvantage of the leaﬁ ng effect is its poor recoatability (either with itself or a clearcoat) and abrasion resistance. Tinted metal effects are not possible because of the pigment orientation. As non leaﬁ ng pigments are distributed homoge-nously throughout the paint ﬁ lm, these are better protected from abrasion and corrosive inﬂ uences. They can easily be over-coated.One of the main advantages, however, is the possibi-lity to create tinted ”metallic effects” when mixing the metallic pigment with transparent pigment. Typical applications include anti-corrosion and general industrial coatings.Non leaﬁ ng aluminium pigments that meet the quality criteria below are primarily used in automotive coa-tings (typically used with an additional clearcoat) as well as in high quality industrial coatings for coil, can and plastics applications.light reﬂ ection at lamellar smooth surfaces light scattering at edges and rough surfacesPhysically, the “metallic effect“ is based on the reﬂ ection of light on the smooth surface of the pigment. This reﬂ ec-tion however is overlayed by the light scattered at the edges of the ﬂ ake and by the micro-roughness of the pigment surface. Therefore the “metallic effect“ is the sum of the reﬂ ection and the scattering of light. The higher the ratio of reﬂ ected light, the more intense is the “metallic effect”.This results in the following quality criteria, which,depending on the application, are to be considered when metallic pigments are selected.Particle SizeThe larger the particle (= the reﬂ ecting surface), the greater the “metallic effect“ (brilliance, “sparkle effect“). The ﬁ ner the particle, the higher the scatte-ring at the edges. Consequently, the effect becomes more homogenous but also darker.The selection of particle size is primarily determined by the manufacturing technology and is described by the d50-value (average particle size). Typical metal pigments range from approximately 3 μm (offset printing) to over 50 μm (“high sparkle effect“).The aluminium pigments used for automotive coa-tings, consumer electronics, coil coatings, powder coatings and other applications offer a d50 range of approximately 8 – 25 μm.Particle shape – Pigment MorphologyWith the development of the “Silver-dollar Pigments“, new spheres in ”metallic effects” could be created. As a result of the coin-like particle form and thesmooth surface, the reﬂ ection is maximized and the amount of scattered light is signiﬁ cantly reduced. The “metallic effect“ becomes more intense and the brilliance and brightness is clearly enhanced when compared to similar size “cornﬂ ake pigments“. Silky luster effects can be achieved with ﬁ ne “Silverdollars“. This pigment class (d50: 8 – 20 μm) is presently the most utilized aluminium in metallic automotive coa-tings and high quality industrial coatings.Particle Size DistributionAlso here the same rule applies: the higher the portion of ﬁ ne and very ﬁ ne pigments particles, the higher the scattering of light, resulting in the loss of the metallic appearance. However, particles that are too coarse, have a detrimental effect in the appli-cation process and visual effects (surface gloss, “DOI-value“, opacity etc.). Therefore, in recent years R&D efforts have focused on pigments that have excellent morphology and are tightly classiﬁ ed within the required particle size category.89Pigment OrientationIn addition to the above described characteristics: particle size, particle size distribution and pigment morphology, the orientation of pigment particles when applied is of extreme importance.The more parallel the metallic ﬂ akes are oriented in the coating ﬁ lm, the better the level of light reﬂ ection and thus the better the ”metallic effect”.Depending on the end use, the formula and applica-tion conditions play a decisive role here.Flop EffectThe ”Flop Effect“ (also known as ”two-tone or travel “) must also be addressed. Besides brilliance, gloss, and ”sparkle“, it is one of the most characteristic criteria of the ”metallic effect”. Flop considers the brightness in relationship to the viewing angle. Close to the gloss angle one can measure maximum brilliance; whereas when viewing from a different angle, the effect appears considerably darker. Three dimensional objects, as for example car bodies, appear much more sculpted and of higher quality. This surely contributed strongly to the success of such ”metallic effects” in automotive coating applications.Water Borne Coating SystemsThe primary problem with water borne coatingsystems is the gassing stability of the metal pigments, which has an impact on storage stability.The underlying chemical reaction of aluminium and water, which creates hydrogen gas can be prevented either by utilizing suitable inhibitors (e.g. organic phosphorus compounds) or by coating the surface with silica.Powder CoatingsMetallic powder coatings should not be produced in a co-extrusion process. The high shear forces, espe-cially in the milling process, would destroy the ﬂ akes and severely inﬂ uence the effect. However, if it still desired to utilize metallic pigments in this process, it is recommended to use pigment-binding agent compositions, such as pellets (GRANDAL for alumi-niums, GRANDOR for bronzes).Metal pigments are primarily used in the Dry Blend Process or are bonded to the powder resin in a special bonding process to assure the reusability of overspray.Metal Pigments forEnvironmentally Friendly Coating SystemsOne essential requirement of the environmentally conscious coatings industry is the reduction of volatile organic compounds or VOC’s.This can be achieved by reducing the solvent content step by step, even to the extent of making completely solvent free coatings, such as powder coatings10-30 %30-50 %50-80 %100 % solidsLow or no VOC can also be achieved when organic solvents are replaced with water in so called “water borne coatings”In energy cured coatings systems (UV or EB) solvents are replaced with monomers, which are chemically integrated into the dry ﬁ lm through polymerization and are therefore also considered “VOC free“.Also, improved application processes with better efﬁ ciency (ex. electrostatic spray) or complete solvent recycling via incineration (ex. coil coating) help to protect our environment.In any of these modern applications metallic pigments are widely used.These as well as other special applications make it necessary to customize these pigments with special chemical treatments (ex. organic or inorganic surface coatings).Additional information is provided under the individual special product categories.Guideline-formulations, technical information as well as our competent technical service are available globally.Effect, electric chargeability, as well as chemical resistance of the pigment are all positively inﬂ uenced through special surface coatings of the pigments. As an example with Powdal XT, new technology made it possible to fulﬁ ll the stringent requirements of the construction industry such as certain AAMA speciﬁ -cations (hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and mortar testing) and GSB-Norm.1011Aluminium Pigments leaﬁ ngM1 Aluminium Pigments leaﬁ ngLeaﬁ ng pigments provide a bright metallic – almost white – appearance and are availablein powder and paste form.EM – EM/LS – BS Pastes for solventborne systems PP PowdersAquasilber LPW Waterpastes Decomet Vacuum metallized pigment1213AluminiumPigments non leaﬁ ngPolytop Polytop PolytopAlumet Alumet Alumet Alumet Alumet Alucar Alucar2 Aluminium Pigments non leaﬁ ng2.1 Cornﬂ akes for solventborne systemsPOLYTOP Economy cornﬂ ake series ALUMET Standard cornﬂ ake series ALUCAR Premium cornﬂ ake series1415AluminiumPigments non leaﬁ ngAlubright Alubright Alubright Alubright Alubright Alubright Alushine Alushine AlushineAlushine Alushine Alushine Alushine Alushine Alushine AlushineAlustar 2 Aluminium Pigments non leaﬁ ng2.2 Silverdollars for solventborne systemsALUBRIGHT 3000 Standard series – Coarse to medium ﬁ ne silverdollar grades ALUSHINE 6000 Standard series – Medium to ﬁ ne silverdollar grades ALUSHINE 7000 Premium series – Medium to ﬁ ne silverdollar grades ALUSTAR 8000Premium series – Thin silverdollar grades1617MorphologyDECOMET 1000 Economy series white appearanceDECOMET 2000 Standard series DECOMET 3000 Premium series DECOMET 4000 High end seriesdark + metallic appearanceDECOMET 5000 3 Vacuum metallized pigments (VMPs)AQUAMET NPW phosphor organic treatedAQUAMET WPO phosphor organic treated (modiﬁ ed)4Waterborne systems non leaﬁ ng18192021AQUAMET CP-BG SiO 2 encapsulatedPowdal non Powdal leaﬁ ng Untreated – leaﬁ ngPowdal non leaﬁ ng Untreated – Economy series Powdal nl SiO2Silica encapsulated – Standard series Powdal nl XT Silica encapsulated – Premium series5 Powder CoatingsAll Powdal grades are recommended for dry blend as well as bonding applications.For extrusion we recommend Grandal pellets (see 6.3).22232425Specialities Polymer 6 Specialities6.1 Coil / Can CoatingsALUCOIL Aluminiumpigments specially for coil and can coatings.Quality control is done in a coil-coating system ensuring perfect batch to batch consistency2627SpecialitiesAlumer Alumer Alumer Alumer Alumer Alumer Alumer Alumer Alumer Alumer Alumer 6.2 Plastic CoatingsALUMER Polymer-coated aluminium pigments (Alu minium + Poly mer )for a) Plastic coatingsb) Non conductive coatings28296.3 Aluminium pelletsGRANDAL Aluminium pellets based on aldehyde resin Specialities3031Goldﬂ Goldﬂ Goldﬂ 7 Goldbronze PigmentsPowders + Waterborne Pastes LUMINORUNICOAT Powders – not passivatedGOLDFLITTERCONSTANT Powders – SiO 2 encapsulatedAQUADOR Pastes – stabilized version for waterborne systemsGRANDOR Pellet versionall powders are available in paste and granule form as wellGoldbronzePigments Standard Colors: Rich Gold: RG; Rich Pale Gold: RPG; Pale Gold: PG; Copper: COSpecial Colors: English Green: EG; Citron: CT; Ducat Gold: DG; Fire Red: FR; Maron: MRHeadquarter and two of our aluminium pigment manufacturing sites Barnsdorf, Germany T aixing, ChinaW o r l d o f M e t a l l i c sSymbols (inside)Automotive and accessories coatings Industrial coatings Anticorrosive coatings,heat resistant coatings, tank coatingsRoof coatingsMarine paintsCoil coatings Can coatings Chrome effect/decoration and reﬂ ective coatings Hammerﬁ nish coatings Aerosols, DIY Powder coatings Plastic-Coatings Symbols。

Floor Coatings(国外地坪漆案例介绍)

a. b. c. d. Industrial floors Parking protection ESD Electrostatic Discharge Architectural
3. Competitors 4. Coatings schemes for Industrial floors
a. b. c. d. Surface types Problems shown Coating systems – types Application schemes
Floor Coatings
Decorative Division
10
MABA Analysis
MABA Floor coatings
Alta
35
Media
Baja
MARKET ATRACTIVENESS
Industrial floors
Baja
25
Parking protection
Media
ESD
Floor Coatings
Decorative Division
12
Index
1. Introduction 2. Segments
a. b. c. d. Industrial floors Parking protection ESD Electrostatic Discharge Architectural
Floor Coatings
Decorative Division
2
Index
1. Introduction 2. Segments
a. b. c. d. Industrial floors Parking protection ESD Electrostatic Discharge Architectural

真空磁控溅射镀膜玻璃原理

真空磁控溅射镀膜玻璃原理Vacuum magnetron sputtering coating technology is a widely used method in the glass industry for creating high-quality, durable, and stylish glass products.真空磁控溅射镀膜技术是玻璃行业中被广泛采用的一种方法，用于生产高质量、耐用和时尚的玻璃产品。

This technology involves the use of a vacuum chamber in which a target material, such as silver or aluminum, is bombarded by ions to create a thin film coating on the surface of the glass.这项技术涉及使用真空室，通过离子轰击靶材料（如银或铝）在玻璃表面形成薄膜涂层。

The process begins with the preparation of the glass substrates, which are cleaned and loaded into the vacuum chamber. The chamber is then evacuated to create a low-pressure environment.这个过程始于对玻璃基底片的准备，清洁并装载到真空室中。

然后，真空室被抽空以创造低压环境。

Once the desired vacuum level is achieved, an inert gas, such as argon, is introduced into the chamber to create a plasma. This plasma, along with a magnetic field, causes the target material to be sputtered onto the glass substrates.一旦达到所需的真空水平，惰性气体（如氩气）被引入到真空室中以创建等离子体。

Varian 真空气缸解答说明书

316engineered to optimize conductance, to operate in a widevariety of applications, and to operate with a minimum ofmoving parts. This reduces wear and particle generationwhich contributes to their performance and reliability.Varian valves are manufactured using the highest qualityvacuum materials and provide a choice of actuation, and avariety of mounting flanges. All Varian valves are leakchecked with the Varian mass spectrometer leak detectorand tested prior to shipment to ensure proper operation.•Rough vacuum–Freeze drying–Food processing–Metal ore refining–Steam plant condensers–Vacuum distillation•Medium vacuum–Decorative coatings–Functional coatings–Chemical processes–Electron microscopes–Microscopy sample processing•High/Ultrahigh vacuum–Physics research•Optics•High energy–Semiconductor manufacturing–Electron tube manufacturing–Surface analysis (Auger Spectroscopy)–Molecular beam epitaxy–Outer space simulationValvessevlaV Varian, Inc. Vacuum Technologies317Electromagnetic Block Valves – Direct Acting318Dimensions: inches (millimeters)Benefits•Reliable design•Service-free operation•Low cost•Economical•Rapid spring-closed actuator•System protection on loss of power•KF Flange connections•Ease of Installation•Single coil•Compact construction•Rapid cyclingA B C D2.50 2.28 4.43 1.58(64)(58)(113)(40)2.98 2.28 4.83 1.98(76)(58)(123)(50)ValvesRough to High Vacuum319Varian, Inc. Vacuum TechnologiesV a l v e sService Life 250,000 cycles Conductance NW16 – 2.2 l/s NW25 – 3.5 l/s Speed to Open/Close Open – 50 ms Close – 25 msLoss of PowerValve closes (in < 25 m/sec)Vacuum RangeCleaned Aluminum: atm to 10-6torr Nickel-Plated: atm to 10-9torr Leak Rate<1 x 10-9std cc/sec. (helium)Operating Temperature 15°C min to 40°C maximum Bakeable To –Non-operating (closed) 125°C Pulse Voltage/Hold Voltage 23 WattsSize Voltage Option Part NumberShipping Weight lbs. (kg)Aluminum Body Nickel-Plated NW16100V; 60Hz L9940301L9940601 1.5 0.7)115V; 50/60Hz L9940302L9940602 1.5 (0.7)200V; 60Hz L9940303L9940603 1.5 (0.7)220V; 50/60Hz L9940304L9940604 1.5 (0.7)12 VDC L9940305L9940605 1.5 (0.7)24 VDC L9940306L9940606 1.5 (0.7)100V; 50Hz L9940307L9940607 1.5 (0.7)240V; 50Hz L9940308L9940608 1.5 (0.7)NW25100V; 60Hz L9942301L9942601 2.0 (0.9)115V; 50/60Hz L9942302L9942602 2.0 (0.9)200V; 60Hz L9942303L9942603 2.0 (0.9)220V; 50/60Hz L9942304L9942604 2.0 (0.9)12 VDC L9942305L9942605 2.0 (0.9)24 VDC L9942306L9942606 2.0 (0.9)100V; 50Hz L9942307L9942607 2.0 (0.9)240V; 50HzL9942308L99426082.0 (0.9)DescriptionPart Number Shipping Weight lbs. (kg)Spare PartsPlunger Assembly – includes shaft, spring, and seal L9987008 1.0 (0.5)Operator, EMB, 100V, 50 Hz L9987007 1.0 (0.5)Operator, EMB, 100V, 60 Hz L9987001 1.0 (0.5)Operator, EMB, 115V, 50/60 Hz L9987002 1.0 (0.5)Operator, EMB, 200V, 60 Hz L9987003 1.0 (0.5)Operator, EMB, 220V, 50/60 Hz L9987004 1.0 (0.5)Operator, EMB, 240V, 50Hz L9987009 2.0 (1.0)Operator, EMB, 12 VDC L9987005 1.0 (0.5)Operator, EMB, 24 VDC L9987006 1.0 (0.5)Manual6999120651.0 (0.5)。

DECORATIVE COATING

专利名称：DECORATIVE COATING发明人：MUSIL, Jindřich,KUBIŠTA, Jaromír 申请号：CZ2000000051申请日：20000726公开号：WO01/009051P1公开日：20010208专利内容由知识产权出版社提供摘要：A method for creating a decorative coating on a solid substrate using a magnetron sputtering technique, which is characterized by pre-treating the substrate surface in a microwave discharge, and consequently applying the decorative coating on the substrate without the substrate heating up. A protective layer that is transparent in the optic range of the frequency spectrum may cover the decorative coating. The thickness of the transparent protective layer may be used for controlling the resulting colour shade of the decorative layer. Textured glass with a coating created by this method, with the said coating made e.g. of stainless steel, or with the said coating made of brass or aluminium bronze, which may, if it is required, be covered by a transparent protective layer.申请人：MUSIL, Jindřich,KUBIŠTA, Jaromír地址：CZ,CZ,CZ国籍：CZ,CZ,CZ代理机构：LACINA, Lubos更多信息请下载全文后查看。

铝材真空电镀工艺流程

铝材真空电镀工艺流程英文回答：Vacuum electroplating is a process used to deposit athin layer of metal onto a substrate material, such as aluminum. This process is commonly used to enhance the appearance and properties of the substrate material, suchas providing it with a decorative or protective coating.The vacuum electroplating process typically involves several steps. First, the aluminum substrate is thoroughly cleaned to remove any dirt, grease, or oxide layers that may be present on its surface. This can be done through various cleaning methods, such as ultrasonic cleaning or chemical cleaning.Once the substrate is clean, it is placed inside a vacuum chamber along with the metal that will be deposited onto its surface. The vacuum chamber is then sealed, andthe air inside is pumped out to create a vacuum environment.Next, a high voltage is applied to the metal source, causing it to ionize and form a plasma. The plasma consists of metal ions and electrons, which are accelerated towards the substrate due to the voltage difference. As the metal ions collide with the substrate, they lose their energy and deposit onto its surface, forming a thin layer of metal.The thickness of the deposited metal layer can be controlled by adjusting the parameters of theelectroplating process, such as the voltage applied and the deposition time. Additionally, the composition of the deposited layer can be modified by using different metal sources or by introducing other gases into the vacuum chamber during the process.Once the desired thickness and composition of the metal layer are achieved, the electroplating process is stopped, and the substrate is removed from the vacuum chamber. The coated aluminum can then undergo further processing, such as polishing or sealing, to improve its appearance and durability.Overall, vacuum electroplating is a versatile andwidely used process for depositing metal coatings onto aluminum and other substrates. It offers various advantages, such as excellent adhesion, uniform coating thickness, and the ability to deposit complex shapes.中文回答：真空电镀是一种将金属薄层沉积在基材上的工艺，常用于改善铝材等基材的外观和性能，例如提供装饰性或保护性涂层。

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PVD process analysis
Langmuir Probe System (Scientific Instruments)
acquisition electronics gabing electronics for boxcar mode (100 kHz)
trigger
an electrical conductable and heatable electrode is inserted into the plasma
Content
The fascination of functional surfaces produced by thin film technology
Presentation of PhysTech Typical applications and examples Functional surfaces PVD (Physical Vapour Deposition) technology Some realised examples
ingots, tabs
radicals
Gas phase: Plasma
reactive gas, e.g. O2, N2
Substrate: Glass, metal, plastic
PVD technology
solid
liquid
gaseous
plasma
energy/temperature Ions
PVD technology
PVD technology
Macroparticle filter, LBNL, Berkeley
Particle separation with magnetic systems (Droplets, Makropartikel)
PVD process analysis
Unbalanced magnetron configuration
Sputtering variants dc magnetron sputtering dc pulsed magnetron sputtering rf sputtering dual beam sputtering ion beam sputtering closed field sputtering
they make tools hard and wear resistant they transmit, reflect or filter light they protect and decorate surfaces they isolate against heat or coldness they improve electric conductivity they realise diffusion barriers
PVD technology
Scematic of a magnetron sputter process
PVD technology
Different voltage configuration in DC-PMS
PVD technology
Electrical schematic of a pulse generator AE Pinnacle Plus 5kW: 0-350kHz pulse generator
Leybold APS 900/1100
Optical Interference Coatings, N. Kaiser, H.K. Pulker, (Eds.), Springer, 2003
PVD technology
Balanced magnetron configuration
Characteristics of Sputtering Sputter Threshold Sputter Yield Sputter Rate Non reactive – reactive process
working gas, e.g. Ar
Transport of particles in the plasma
electrons
Ions +/-
Condensation
Bias
molecules
atoms
Starting material: Targets, cathodes, granulate,
surface species may be recoil-implanted into the surface lattice
Dr. Stefan Schlichtherle Dr. Georg Strauss PhysTech Coating Technology GmbH
Decorative vacuum coating technologies
30.05.2014 – Certottica – Longarone
Thin Film Plasma Coating Technologies
sputtered atoms or ions
adsorbed surface species
surface
enhanced surface mobility
enhanced chemical reactions redeposited
lattice defects trapping
backsputtered surface
Thin Film Technology
Tribology Optics Surface protection Tools Medical Implantats Electronics ...
PVD technology
Coating material transfer mechanisms
DC Pulsed Sputtering PLAD, ARC Source
PVD process analysis
Surface reactions and bombardement effects
energetic particle
reflected
secondary
ions or neutrals electrons
PhysTech
Thin Film Technology
Functionalising of surfaces by PVD technologies
Thin films produced by PVD technologies can show a lot of specific properties from nm to µm
PVD process analysis
Surface reactions and bombardement effects
The effects of bombardment of energetic species (ions, neutrals) on the surface and the surface region include:

langmuir probe Plasma
Principle setup
PVD process analysis
Ion energy distribution and degree of ionisation
Evaporation:
Magnetron Sputtering IBAD DC Pulsed Sputtering
In the subsurface region
the impinging particles may be physically implanted
the collision cascades cause displacement of atoms and the creation of lattice defects
Plasmamonitorsystem PPM421 (Inficon)
differential pumped mass spectrometer with additional energy analyser (CMA) detection of ions and neutrals measurement of the ion energy distribution of the relevant process ions detection unit: SEV pressure range: up to 10-1 mbar
• Surface: Interface between solid material and gas (vapour or vacuum) • Surface region: depth of penetration of the bombarding particles • Near surface region: region below depth of penetration, but is also influenced by e.g. Heating or diffusion • Bulk region: region were the material is not influenced by the bombarding effects
surface region
near surface region
displacement
implanted
channeling
collision cascade
Schematic of energetic particles, which bombard the growing film (bombardement)
desorption of weakly bonded surface species ejection of secondary electrons reflection of the energetic species as high energetic neutrals sputter ejection of surface atoms by momentum transfer through collision cascades sputtering and re-deposition of sputtered species enhanced mobility of surface atoms enhanced chemical reaction of impinging and adsorbed species.