2016高考英语阅读理解猜测词义分析

My mind was in a million different places. Thanks to the strict training , Bell is now no longer nervous and a lot more confident. A.she was absent-minded B. she was nervous C. she was excited D.she was curious
根据同义词，
3.The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.
取代 and ,or ,such as, like， for example, for instance常连接同义词组 。
4. Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推 测结果，从结果推测原因。
(adj. 巨大的;极大的)
… 2.“The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,” says friend Pat Williams, “He wasn’t a great actor or a great speaker. He was just Joe Everybody.” 74. “He was just Joe Everybody.” ( in the last paragraph) means _____. A. Dave was famous B. Dave was ordinary C. Dave was stupid D. Dave was shy
年份
3
2011 1
2012 2(1个短语）
2013
2014
2015
题数
1（短语） 3（1短语） 1
3
对考纲外生词的猜测 对考纲内熟词新义的猜测
对短语或句义的猜测
对代词的猜测
对考纲外生词的猜测
Many United Nations employees are polyglots: Mr. Jim, for example, speaks five languages fluently. “polyglot” most probably means “_______________.” 通晓数种语言的人
A. The beach. B. The water.
C. The boat. D. The wind.
7
7
D
词义猜测题常用的提问方式有： 1．The underlined word/phrase“________”in the third paragraph means________. • 2．The underlined word“________”in the second paragraph can be replaced by________. • 3．Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the underlined word“________”in the last paragraph? • 4．The underlined word“________”in the fourth paragraph refers to________.
A. Order. B. System. C. Machine. D. Treatment.
12
12
B
通过标点符号来下定义 使用破折号，引号，冒 号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容
3.They will be on the night shift — from midnight to 6 a. m. — next week.
2. Contrast 对比法：
利用文中的反义词以及表对比 关系的词（组）猜测词义。
表示对比的词有but、while、 however、 otherwise等。
1.Most of us agreed, however, Bill (disagreed) dissented. 2.She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. A. punctual B. late C. slowly D. quickly A
对句义的猜测 The biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly plastic. If you ask your brain to learn, it will learn.(07四川卷) By saying “the brain at any age is highly plastic”, the writer means the brain can be _____. A.used B. mastered C. developed D. researched
2. The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
(n. 牧羊人)
3.(2013· 四川卷E篇)“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain‘speak’ to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear，”Dr. Garfinkel said. 49. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “mechanism” in Paragraph 6?

2.对比法
小结
表转折关系的词常有如but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, otherwise, though on the contrary等。
3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义 词、近义词或词组猜测词义。
How to guess the meaning of words?
高分秘笈
生活 常识 上下文 对比 转折
定义
构词法
猜
因果 关系
同义词 反义词 同位 关系
1. Definition 定义法
猜 测 词 义
2. Contrast 对比法 3. Similarity 相似法 4. Cause and effect 因果法 5. Example 例举法 6. Word Formation 构词法 7. Context 上下文 8. Common Sense 普通常识
高三专题复习
阅读理解之一
猜测词义
“得阅读者，得高分” 让我们一起努力， 征服阅读，战胜高考！
If you come across new
when reading,
words
What will you do
?
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
•Look them up in the dictionary •Ignore them and continue reading
对代词的猜测
(2013· 四川卷B篇)Two 12yearold boy, Christian and Jack, rowed out a boat to search for a football. Once they'd rowed beyond the calm waters, a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water. The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore. But they were no match for it and the boat was out of control. 36. What does “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
1. Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义、定语 （从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。 1. It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily.
A. fragile B. soft C. weak D. strong
1.One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.
(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的)
2.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
4. Since I have finished my paper now, I am going to give myself a treat tonight. I am going to watch a movie on campus, an action movie called “Face Off”. The underlined words “a treat” here means ____.
对考纲内熟词新义的猜测
I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. (04全国卷) 使模糊，混淆，搅浑 “cloud” means “_____________________.”
考查熟词的引申义或一词多义在特定场合的意思
(adj. 大的)
3. She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.
Not hear what you said concentrate/focus her attention on
Tests on rats show that those who raise two or three litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies. A. baby rats B.animals C.old rats D.grown-up rats
•Guess the meaning
词义猜测题主要是测试考生利用上下文判断单 词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义的能力， 以及it，they，them等判断指代内容，做此类题目， 考生要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，“上下取证”，通过构 词法，语法逻辑、经验、常识、上下文等线索来确 定词义。 词义猜测题不是阅读测试的重点，但也是常考 点。是阅读理解题中的难点。是同学们的易错点。 2015年《考试说明》介绍阅读理解部分有可能会考 查对词组或短语在上下文的词语猜测
由破折号之间的解释内容，我们可以了解到 “night shift”意思为“夜班”。
1.定义法
Guess the Meaning of the Word
定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由is， or， that is (to say), in other words， be called，be known as, be defined as等词汇 或破折号来表示
1.Cleaning up waterways is an gigantic task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.