高考英语语法复习专题讲练-状语从句

高考英语语法复习专题讲练-状语从句

专题:状语从句

状语从句在高考试题中由于其他从句的干扰，以及倒装句，强调句的介入，使得状语从句更为复杂。状语从句是一种副词性从句，通常由一个从属连词或一个起连词作用的词组引导。

状语从句

1. 时间状语从句

常见的连词(组)：

when, while, as, before, after, once, till, until, as soon as, now that, hardly ...when, scarcely ...when, no sooner ...than等。

可以引导时间状语从句的副（介）词（短语）或名词短语：

directly, instantly, immediately, by the time, the moment, the second, the minute, the instant, every time, each time, next time, the last time等。

注意点如下：

(1) when, while, as引导的时间状语从句

as表示“当……的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。when(at or during the time)既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可以表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。while 强调一段时间，仅表示从句和主句的动作同时发生，并且有延续意义，该从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词，从句中常用过去进行时态或一般过去时态；当when 表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。

She came up as I was cooking.(同时)

在我做饭时，她走了过来。

When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)

当我们在学校时，每天都去图书馆。

While they were watching TV, I was preparing myself for the

coming examination.

他们在看电视，而我在为即将到来的考试做准备。

Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。( 不可用as或when，这里的while意思是“趁……”)

(2) before引导状语从句时的常见重点句型

①It will (not) be ...before ...

还要……才，要不了多久就……

It was (not) ...before ... 过了……才(没多久就……)

It was a long time before I got to sleep.

过了好长时间我才睡着了。

It wasn t long before he told me about the news.

没多久他就告诉了我那条新闻。

②不等……就……；在……之前就……

The telephone rang off before I could answer it.

我还没来得及接电话，电话就挂断了。

③刚……就……

He hardly entered the room before he heard the telephone ring.

他刚进屋电话铃就响了。

④先……再……

You can have a few days to think about it before you make your decision.

做决定之前你还有几天时间考虑。

(3)since 引导的从句用延续性动词的过去式（包括过去完成时）时，则从句的动作已经结束,从句意思是否定的。如果从句的动词是延续性动词的现在完成时态，则从句意思是肯定的。

He has never been to see me since I was ill.

我病愈后，他一直未来看我。（不再生病了）

He has never been to see me since I have been ill.

我病了，他一直未来看我。

I haven t heard from him since he lived here.

自他从这里搬走，我就没有收到他的信。（不住在这儿了）

(4) till, until

如果till与until用在肯定句中时，则主句中谓语动词部分所表示的动作或状态一直延续到某时或某个动作发生时才结束。注意它的倒装句和强调句。

I didn t recognize she was my classmate until she took off her dark glasses.

=Not until she took off her dark glasses did I recognise she was my classmate

=It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognised she was my classmate.

直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她是我的同学。

2. 原因状语从句

引导原因状语从句的常见连词或短语：as, because, since, now that, considering that, seeing that(鉴

于……)。注意以下几点：

(1) because, since, as, for, now that

because语气最强，用于回答why的提问，可与强调词only, just 以及否定词not 连用。但不可以与so 连用。

since 引导的从句语气次于because引导的从句，常表示稍加分析后而推断出的原因，或指人们已知的事实，比as正式一些,常置于句首。

as 语气最弱，其原因只是对结果的附带说明，一般放在句首。

for虽然解释为“因为”但只是一个并列连词，它也常引导句子表示原因，但不是原因状语从句，它是一个并列句。for所提供的理由是一种补充性的说明，表示推测的理由。

now that意为“既然，由于”。表示由于人们已知的事实或正在发生的事而产生某个结果。

He failed because he was careless.他因粗心而失败了。