五种句子基本形式
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宾语
• 宾语通常在及物动词和介词的后面。 • 常常是名词、代词、数词、不定式(to do )、 动名词(V-ing)、从句等充当。
找出下列各句的宾语: 1) He knows __________ the secret. (n.作宾语) __________ 2) The student has improved his way of learning. (短语作宾语) 3) Every one eats a piece of cake. (同上) ________ 4) They don’t know what they should do. (从句 __________ 作宾语) 5) I just want to understand_____________ why you can’t remember English words. (同4) _______________________
请判断正误
• 15. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。 1)Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books. 2)Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library borrow books.
Translation 1.昨晚我写了一封信。
I wrote a letter last night.
2.今天下午我想同你谈谈。
I want to talk with you this afternoon.
3.这本百度文库他读过多次了。
He has read this book many times.
4.他们成功地完成了计划。
7.我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。
I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.
8.Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。
Jim cannot dress himself.
9.我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。
All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.
语法系列
一.英语句子的基本成分有8种:
主语 (subject) 谓语 (predicate) 宾语 (object) 定语 (attribute) 状语 (adverbial) 补语 (complement) 表语 (predicative) 同位语(Appositive)
主语:
可以是名词、代词、数词、不定式(to do)、 V-ing、从句等充当。主语一般在句首。 • • • • • • • 请找出各句的主语: 1) Mr. Chen is a well-known scientist. 2) He reads newspapers everyday. 3) Two and six is eight. 4) Smoking is harmful to health. 5) To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure. 6) What we shall do next is not yet decided.
• 1) My little sister always likes to ask questions. • 2) Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow? • 3) He asked me what I was going to do in summer. (双宾语,sb人——间宾; • sth物——直接宾语 ) • 4) I think it right to help her.
基本句型(2)
主语+谓语+宾语 (S. + V. + O. ) 该句型的谓语动词必须是vt或vt的动词词 组;宾语必须是名词或相当于名词的成分。
翻译练习: 1.昨晚我写了一封信。 2.今天下午我想同你谈谈。 3.这本书他读过多次了。 4.他们成功地完成了计划。 5.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。 6.那位先生能流利地说三种语言。 7.我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 8.Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。 9.我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。 10.他不知道说什麽好。 11.他每天早晨洗冷水澡。 12.我开窗户你在意吗?
翻译练习: 1. Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3. Mary把钱包交给校长了 4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗? 5. 他把车票给列车员看。 1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 2.Grandma told us an interesting story last night. 3.Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster. 4.Would you please pass me the dictionary? 5.He showed the ticket to the conductor.
基本句型(3)
第一种结构:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语 (S. + V. + O.+O. ) 请观察:1)He brings me cookies every day. 如果意思不变,也可以怎么说呢? 2)He brings cookies to me every day. 即要借助于介词to或for
朗读: He brings me cookies every day. He brings cookies to me every day.
11. 爱丽丝很会游泳。 Alice swims very well. 12. 约翰的父亲昨晚去世了。 John’s father died last night. 13. 秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。 In autumn, some birds fly to the south. 14. 我的爷爷早晨起得很早。 My grandfather gets up early in the morning. 15. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。
注意:带 to do 做宾语的动词有:
offer, learn, intend, plan, demand, ask, promise, help,prepare,decide, determine,refuse, dare,manage,wish, hope, want, expect, fail, pretend,choose, seem, expect, hope, offer, agree, refuse, learn, help, plan, intend, etc.
Translation
你应当努力学习。 她昨天回家很晚。 那天早上我们谈了很多。 会议将持续两个小时。 在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的 变化。 6. 这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。 7. 1919年,在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。 8. 每天八时开始上课。 9. 这个盒子重五公斤。 10. 五年前我住在北京。 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
10.他不知道说什麽好。
He did not know what to say.
11.他每天早晨洗冷水澡。
He takes a cold bath every morning.
12.我开窗户你在意吗?
Do you mind my opening the window?
注意:带 V-ing 做宾语的动词有:
She made me a beautiful dress. She made a beautiful dress for me. 归纳: to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着, 对着某人。 for 侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人, 替某人。
常跟双宾语的动词有: (需借助 to 的) bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。 (需借助for 的)buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等。
8. 每天八时开始上课。Classes
10. 五年前我住在北京。 I
begin at eight every day. 9. 这个盒子重五公斤。 This box weighs five kilos. lived in Beijing five years ago.
11. 爱丽丝很会游泳。 12. 约翰的父亲昨晚去世了。 13. 秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。 14. 我的爷爷早晨起得很早。 15. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。
谓
• • • • • • •
语
说明主语的动作,状态或特征。谓语 是动词.
你能找到各句的谓语动词吗? 1) The new term begins on the 1st of September. 2) She seemed tired. 3) What have you been doing? 4) What have you done? 5) He was often laughed at for this. 6) I’d rather he didn’t come tomorrow.
翻译练习: 1.Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3. Mary把钱包交给校长了 4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗? 5. 他把车票给列车员看。 6. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。 7. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。 8. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。 9. 请你给我弄一本新的,好吗? 10. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗? 11. 新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。
Translation 1. 你应当努力学习。 You should study hard. 2. 她昨天回家很晚。 She went home very late yesterday evening. 3. 那天早上我们谈了很多。 That morning we talked a great deal. 4. 会议将持续两个小时。 The meeting will last two hours. 5. 在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的 变化。 Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years.
基本句型 (1) 主+谓:S+V
S+V
1. The sun rises. (rise-rose-risen 是vi,不能带O.) 2. The red sun rises. ( red修饰sun,作定语)
3. The red sun rises in the east. (状语Adverbial)
They have carried out the plan successfully.
5.你们必须在两周内看完这些书。
You must finish reading these books in two weeks.
6.那位先生能流利地说三种语言。
That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.
suggest, advise, stop, resist, enjoy, imagine,finish, escape, admit, excuse, delay, practise, consider, keep, mind, understand, avoid, miss, risk succeed in, be busy,be worth, be used to, give up, look forward to
6. 这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。
Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day.
7. 1919年,在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。
The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.