商务英语翻译Translation Exercise 3-4
商务英语翻译课件
Translation of Abbreviations
Common abbreviations
Familiar with common abbreviations in business English, such as CEO, CFO, WTO, etc., and know their complete forms and meanings.
Maintain the original style
Business English translation is the process of transforming texts, contracts, reports, and other elements of the business field from one language to another. It requires translators to balance the expression habits of the target language and professional norms in the business field while maintaining the original meaning.
Translation of polysemy
Semantic analysis
Pay attention to the phenomenon of polysemy and determine the specific meaning based on the context.
Professional background
Refer to English Chinese dictionaries and professional dictionaries for comprehensive explanations and example sentences on polysemy.
商务翻译(英译汉) Unit 3 Sino-UK Trade Ties
•3. He felt a rush of fear churning his stomach. • 译1：他感到一阵恐惧涌上胃口。 • 译2：他感到一阵恐惧涌上心头。
• 4. He bent solely upon profit. • 译1：他只屈身于利润之前。 • 译2：只有利润才使他低头。 • 译3：他惟利是图。
•3. 检测 •校测是对理解和表达质量的全面检查，是纠正 错误、改进译文的极好时机，切不可认为是多余 之举。优秀的译者总是十分重视校核的作用，总 是利用这一良机来克服自己可能犯下的错误，初 学翻译的人就更应该如此了。最有效的检测方法 有以下四种： •（1） 邀请几位读者代表朗读译文； •（2） 仔细分析朗读者的面部表情； •（3） 请听过译文朗读的人向没有听过朗读的 人讲述内容； •（4） 填空检测法。.
例如：
• There is no sky in June to blue that it does not point forward to a bluer； no sunset so beautiful that it does not waken the vision of a greater beauty, a vision which passes before it is fully glimpsed.
chapter four-商务英语英汉翻译教程PPT精品文档53页
CISISU-Business English for the
8
Seniors
Part 1. Relationship between the meaning of English and Chinese words
3. no correspondence 词义缺乏对应
Plumber
形成于“五角大楼文件”泄密事件后白宫设 立的专门特工机构。Plumber原意“铅管 工”，用以指特工，系借用“铅管工”堵漏、 防漏之含义）美国调查政府雇员泄密事件的 特工（《参考消息》将此词翻译为“管子 工”）
Chapter Four A Comparison study between English
and Chinese words and its translation
第四章 英汉词语对比与翻译
By Lily Chang
CISISU-Business English for the
1
Seniors
Targets of Chapter Four
CISISU-Business English for the
3
Seniors
Part 1. Relationship between the meaning of English and Chinese words
Differences: Chinese-相比英文，汉语词义严谨固定，
词的含义范围较窄，词义上下的依赖性比较 小。
译文：为应对目前的“非洲之角”饥荒，中国政府 决定通过联合国双边渠道向有关国家提供价值 4.432亿元人民币的紧急粮食援助。
CISISU-Business English for the
5
商务英语翻译 Unit 4
对于英语中以实喻虚的形象表现手法，翻译时应想方设法维系原 文的具体性及形象性，一个常用的手段即是从“实”到“实”，将英 语的以实喻虚译成汉语的以实喻虚。 The magic spades of archaeology have given us the whole lost world of Egypt. - 考古学家变魔术似地把古埃及的整个世界都给我们发掘出来了。 - 考古学家用神奇的铁铲把古埃及的整个世界都给我们发掘出来了。
Sam knows he can depend on his family, rain or shine. - 山姆知道不论境遇如何，他都可把家庭作为靠山。
There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the colonialists.
The newspaper claims to be the mirror of public opinions. -该报宣称忠实反映了公众的意见。
What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave. - 少时所学，到老不忘。 How do we account for this split between the critics and the readers, the head and the heart? - 评论家和读者之间，也就是理智和感情之间的这种分歧如何解释呢？
２．用范畴词使抽象概念具体化。 What they wanted most was an end of uncertainties. - 那时他们最渴望的就是结束这摇摆不定的局面。 We want to learn to laugh in the face of the inevitable, to smile at the looming of the death. - 我们需要学会对不可避免的事情报以大笑，甚至以微笑面对死亡的 威胁。
商务英语4各单元的课文翻译
Unit 1Hard Sell around the Photocopier应当高度重视复印机旁的非正式沟通Sociologists have long recognized that businesses of less than 200 individuals can operate through the free flow of information among the members. Once their size exceeds this figure, however, some kind of hierarchical structure or line management system is necessary to prevent total chaos resulting from failures of communication. Imposing structures of this kind has its costs: information can only flow along certain channels because only certain individuals contact each other regularly; moreover, the lack of personalized contacts means that individuals lack that sense of personal commitment that makes the world of small groups go round. Favours will only be done when there is a clear quid pro quo, an immediate return to the giver, rather than being a matter of communal obligation. Large organizations are less flexible.一直以来，社会学家认为一项规模小于200人的事业，可以通过成员间自由的信息沟通而正常运转。
商务英语翻译 Unit 4
• • • • •
• • • •
（2）拟人 使宣传的产品富于人物的情感和特侦，更人性化。 如：Apple thinks different(苹果电脑，不同凡响)。 （3）仿拟 仿照人们熟知的现成的语言材料，根据表达的需要临时 创造出新的语句，使语言生动活泼。 如：Where there is a way, there is a Toyota (车到山前必有 路，有路必有丰田车)，就是模仿耳熟能详的谚语Where there is a will, there is a way（有志者，事竟成）。 （4）双关 为加深语意，利用词的多义和同音，有意使语句具有双 重意义，言在此而意在彼。 如：we lead, others copy（理光打印机广告：我们领先， 他人模仿），copy一语双关，既体现打印机复印的功能， 又表现该品牌的领先地位。
• 参考译文：
• • • • • • • • • •
(1) 没有买卖，就没有杀害 (2) 开车不喝酒，喝酒不开车 (3) 因为绿色属于树木，地球才有了脉搏 (4) 保护环境识每个公民的责任与义务 (5) 使地球充满生机! (6) 胜利是不会向我走来的,我必须自己走向胜利 (7) 授人以鱼，不如授人以渔 (8谨防扒手 (9) 知识是一宝库,而实践就是开启宝库大门的钥匙 (10) 工作时工作, 玩乐是玩乐, 依此方法做, 轻松与欢 乐
• 句法特点（Sentences） • （1）多用简单句 • 广告语言必须简练，能一下子抓住人们的注意 力，引起大家的兴趣。 • 如：Nobody is perfect • Quality first. Customer supreme • （2）常用疑问句、祈使句和省略句 • 广告中采用疑问句和祈使句可激起人们的反应， 使之采取行动。 • Wouldn’t you really rather have a Buick? • to indulge • You decide
商务英语翻译试题(三)试卷及答案-3
商务英语翻译试题（三）Ⅰ词汇测试题：（2题，每题10分，共20分）1．该组有10个商务英语英文词或词组，下面均有英文词或词组来进行解释。
请将正确的选项标出，要求英英转换意义准确，符合商务英语规范。
（10分）(1) creditA. a kind of moneyB. a method of paying at a later timeC. currencyD. charge or service(2) assignA. to take or move outB. to put sth in a particular orderC. to choose or give a particular job to sb.D. to decide how sth will be made(3) to performA. to project a programB. to contribute a fundC. to do an action or piece of workD. to cater for(4) to withholdA. to offer something for a decisionB. to have a particular right to doC. to put something in a particular orderD. to refuse to give or to keep back(5) to scheduleA. to take on responsibilityB. to trust in someoneC. to bring in a consultantD. to list or state details(6) reimbursementA. to chargeB. to pay back esp. moneyC. to claim for damagesD. to ask for(7) qualifyA. to make sth. BetterB. to cause sb. to have the legal right to have or do sth.C. to choose sb. officially for a jobD. to pay for the damage(8) put forwardA. to arrange for somethingB. to come on somethingC. to put on an eventD. to suggest an idea for consideration(9) to boostA. to take back or to removeB. to refuse to giveC. to become less in number or smallerD. to improve or increase(10) to comply withA. to comfortB. to contractC. act in accordance withD. to cash on delivery2. 该组有10个商务英语英文词或词组，下面均有汉语词或词组来进行解释，请将正确项选出，要求英汉转换意义准确，符合商务英语规范。
英汉汉英翻译实训教程Chapter Three- Idiom Translation
Idiom Translation
英汉汉英翻译实训教程
Chapter Three
Translate another group of sentences to check your progress.
1.They offered me a good job at that company but I hear that the boss is as hard as nails: one little mistake and you're out on the street the next day looking for a new job。 [译文]:他们向我提供那家公司的一个很好的职位，但是我听说他们的老板是个 很难相处的人：只要你犯一个小错，他马上把你一脚踢出公司大门，让你另谋 生路。
Idiom Translation
英汉汉英翻译实训教程
Listen to Doctor Translator
Chapter Three
1. The crafty enemy was ready to launch an attack while holding out the olive branch.
[译文]：那个年轻人对警察说他与这宗盗窃案无关，但警察看了他的汽车行李箱， 将其人赃并获。
[点评]：“caught red-handed ”原指手上沾满鲜血的杀人犯被逮个现行。在例句 中
译为“人赃并获”，也指犯有任何罪行者当场被捉。
4. Better get a hair cut before you go to that job interview tomorrow. You want to put a best foot forward because there are twenty other people after the same job.
商务翻译作业答案
In the first two months of this year, milk powder products accounted for a large proportion of imported goods. Those who make dairy products and dairy companies, as well as the administrative departments, are responsible for the public’s lack of confidence in the quality of milk powder.
结构调整取得积极成效。粮食产量超过1.2万亿斤， 实现“十连增”。 服务业增加值比重达到46.1％，首次超过第二产业。 中西部地区生产总值.9％，主要 实物量指标与经济增长相互匹配。
Business English Translation 3
Business English Translation 2
城乡差距 教育公平 司法公正 民主监督 人均收入 扩大内需 医疗改革 农村留守人口 综合国力 就业指导 • • • • • • • • • • rural-urban divide equal access to education judicial justice democratic supervision per-capita income expand domestic demand healthcare reform rural left-behind population overall national strength career guidance
商务英语翻译教程(课件+答案)车丽娟贾秀海主编ISBN9787810788915商务翻译课件改进版
商务英语翻译 之 文体与语篇
商 务 合 同 商 品 说 明 书 商 务 信 函
商 标 与 品 牌
商 务 广 告
商 号 与 名 片
词义的选择（Choice of Meaning）
变化中的词义（热身）
（二）根据词性确定词义 （三）根据专业来确定词义 （四）根据词的搭配关系和上下文 来确定词义
（一）根据汉语的表达习惯确定词义
net income net profit net conclusion
净收入 纯利润 最终结论
小数目 1. a low figure 收入低的工人 2. workers on low incomes 3. The simplest way to succeed in business is to buy low and sell high. 生意成功最简单的途径就是贱买贵卖。 4. The value of the pound has fallen to a new low against the dollar. 英镑兑换美元的比值已跌到新的（最）低点。
（四）根据词的搭配关系和上下文来确定词义 1. In case of any request by either party, the party having possession of the desired record may deliver the appropriate records to the requesting party. 2. The price difference should in no case be as big as USD 25 per metric ton. 3. In the case of an order for more than 6 000 pieces, Party B allows a special discount of 6 percent.
商务英语翻译Unit6详解
7. To limit the market of an industry to one country would often mean reduced efficiency and higher costs. - 把一个行业的市场局限在国家内部，只会导致该行业生产 效率降低，成本增加。(转换)
2. 重视一词多义的现象 (语境：Context)
“We know a word by the company it keeps.” “Each word when used in a new context is a new word.”
（1） The actor knows his lines. 译文：演员记住了台词。（ “lines”这里不作“线”解释， 而译作“台词”更合适） （2） Mother is firm with her children. 译文：妈妈对孩子很严厉。（“firm”若翻译成“坚定”仅忠 实于形式， 应翻译成“严格”或“严厉”）。 （3） Have you read any humor recently? 译文： 近来你读了什么幽默作品？
-
The British army climbed onto the island successfully. The British army landed on the island successfully.
他是我父亲。 - He is my father 这姑娘是漂亮。
-
This girl is really beautiful.
（4） He has been pursued, day by day and year by year, by a most phenomenal astonishing luckiness. - 日复一日， 年复一年，他一直是吉星高照，无与伦比。这真是令人 惊叹。
商务英语翻译教程(第三版)Unit4 Organizations
ping-pang _____________
motor _____________
SEC 5
_____________ radar
_____________ jeep taxi _____________
SEC 5
SEC 6
（9） Motique 指流动商店。 （10） Bazaar 指集市。
SEC 7
SEC 8
返回
SECTION 3
SEC 1
I. 组织机构的语言特点（1）
SEC 2
SEC 4
组织机构名称在英语中属于专有名词范畴，其语用特征要求专词专用，一 个组织机构名称只能使用一种译名，其词语排列及组合、缩写形式都应该统一 不变，如“中国银行”，英译为the Bank of China （BOC），而不能作其他任 何更改。在书写上要求首字母大写，但是像of，the，and等虚词一般小写，如， the People’s Government of Gongyi District（巩义市人民政府）。
_____________ T-shirt _____________ tank marathon _____________
SEC 6
（7） 脱口秀 _____________ talkshow
（8） 马赛克 _____________ mosaik （9） 芭蕾 （10) 探戈
SEC 7
_____________ ballet tango _____________
SEC 4
SEC 5
SEC 6
英语国家的对等机构或者插入解释。
SEC 7
商务英语翻译3词类转换正说反译与反说正译
精选ppt课件
16
2.3. 副词转译成名词
▪ The supermarket would give everyone 10% off on all cash purchases.
▪ 那家超市将给每一位用现金购物的顾客10% 的优惠( 折扣）。
▪ What is the fare to London and back? ▪ 去伦敦一个来回需要多少钱?
些介词在汉译时往往译成动词。如：
▪ The judge sat in the dining room amid (处理）his morning mails.
▪ Carlisle Street runs westward(向西延伸）, across （越过） a great black bridge, down （爬下）a hill and up（爬上） again, by （经过）little sloops（单桅船） and meat markets, past （路过）single storied homes, until suddenly it stops against a wide green lawn.（…冲着一大片绿色草地中止 了。）
▪ Warm discussion arose on every corner as to his achievements.
▪ 到处在热烈地讨论他的成就。 ▪ We took brief, restless naps, struggled to
understand the intermittent broadcasting of the radio. ▪ 我们短短地，不安地睡了几次，竭力想听懂收音机 里断断续续的广播。
会计包括设计会计制度，准备财务报表，审计成本研究报 告，开展预测，计算收入所得税，运用计算机，以及分析 和解 释有助于做出商业决策的会计信息。
商务英语翻译练习
练习一Part I Translate the following sentences into English or Chinese1.迄今为止，各国的移民政策侧重于为低技能工人设置障碍，同时鼓励高技能专业人才、工程师、科学家和企业家前来工作，甚至定居。
2.Ksda是瑞士的汽车、能源和食品集团公司。
本年度第一季度，尽管它的总营业额下降了6%，但是利润却增加了12.1%。
3.“海洋城”以其绵延10英里（相当于16公里）的海滩而闻名，每年接待约800万游客4.当富人想到将财富传给子孙的时候，他们通常会有两种情绪：害怕和忧虑。
他们害怕或忧虑金钱会对子孙产生消极影响：害怕金钱会让子孙失去通过努力工作获得成功的人生动力。
5.关于我方第315号订单，由于到货质量低劣，我方被迫表达强烈不满。
6.China is fielding its largest-ever Olympic team at the upcoming Beijing Games,with 639 athletes competing in all 28 sports.The Chinese team will attempt to surpass the 32 gold medals won at the Athens Olympics,four less than the United States.7.A Japanese media report says Japan and China have reached a compromise and agreed to jointly develop gas fields and share profits in disputed areas of the East China Sea8.The number of newly laid-off U.S.workers rose last week,the latest sign that the economic downturn is affecting the job market.A report Thursday from the Labor Department said the number of people applying for unemployment benefits for thefirst time rose 22-thousand,to 378-thousand.9.Chinese economy suffered only a mild setback in the first quarter of 2008,and remains resilient despite inflation and worsening global credit crisis.10.Praise and encouragement also makes employees more likely to work hard and stay in their jobs,saving on the cost of finding replacements.Part II Translate the following passages into Chinese.Passage 1Most Americans believe someone isn't grown up until age 26,probably with a completed education,a full-time job,a family to support and financial independence,a survey said.But they also believe that becoming an official grown-up is a process that takes five years from about the age of 20,concluded the report from the University of Chicago's National Opinion Research Center.The findings were based on a representative sample of 1398 people over age 18The poll found the following ages at which people expect the transitions to grown-up status to be completed:age 20.9 self-supporting;21.1 no longer living with parents;21.2 full-time job;22.3 education complete;24.5 being able to support a family financially;25.7 married;and 26.2 having a child."There is a large degree of consensus across social groups on the relative importance of the seven transitions,"said Tom Smith,director of the survey.The only notable pattern of differences is on views about supporting a family,having a child and getting married."Older adults and the widowed and married rate these as more important than younger adults and the never-married do,"he added."This probably reflects in large part a shift in values across generations away from traditional family values.”The most valued step toward reaching adulthood,the survey found,was completing an education,followed by full-time employment,supporting a family,financial independence,living independently of parents,marriage and parenthoodPassage 2Spend less than you earn.This is perhaps the most worn out,overused phrase in the world of personal finance.But guess what?It's also the single most important financial lesson you'll ever learn.No matter how hard you work and how much money you earn,you'll never achieve financial security if you spend more than you earn,so......do whatever it takes to make sure that this doesn't happen.This takes self-discipline,and might require constructing a budget,but if you ever want to get to a point where you can afford all the little niceties in life,you need to make it happen.Plan for the future.I've been where you are,and I know that"the future"seems like it's a million miles away.Do yourself a favor.Sit down and define short,intermediate,and long-term goals and then put together a plan for getting there.It's not easy, and you probably won't get it right at first but once you do this,you'll have something concrete to work from(and to modify in the future).Start small an work your way up.Be patient.Building a solid financial foundation takes time.Don't look for shortcuts or try to strike it rich overnight with the latest hot investment tip.Likewise,don't make major financial decisions without fully considering the ramifications.This isn't to say that you should be paralyzed fear.Rather,you need to do your homework.Turn those unknowns into knowns, and then make an informed decision.Learn form your mistakes.Nobody's perfect.You're bound to make mistakes,especially when you're just starting out.The important thing is to learn from them and move forward.If you make a bad financial decision,make a note of it and get yourself back on track.Don't beat yourself up,and don't throw in the towel.Part III Translate the following passages into EnglishPassage 1亲爱的布莱克先生：从您5月16日来函获知我公司销售代表敷衍草率，我深感苦恼。
商务英语翻译教程答案
商务英语翻译教程答案【篇一：商务英语翻译教程第1单元教案】案课程名称: 商务英语翻译讲授班级: 商务英语1004（主讲教师: 谭宗燕职称: 讲师部门: 自考学院2013年2月22人）introduction to the course从商务英语翻译教程这门课的名称来看，它有两个关键词，一个商务英语，一个翻译。
这门课就围绕这两方面来进行。
说到翻译呢，对于一个优秀的翻译人员的话，理论是基础，实践是真理。
也就是说，实践对于学好翻译来说是至关重要的。
如果只掌握了理论，而不去实践，是不能成为好的翻译人员的。
相反，没有理论系统的学习，而有大量的翻译实践，有可能是以为合格的翻译者。
而商务英语翻译除了关系着翻译，还涉及到很多商贸知识。
i.翻译理论在我国，文字翻译最早开始于春秋时期的《越人歌》，迄今大约有2500年的历史，对翻译标准的争论也有1000多年，但有关翻译标准在翻译界迄今还没有达成“共识”，即还没有一个大家都认同的翻译标准。
翻译是一门推敲的，无唯一答案的课程。
国内外翻译标准百家争鸣、白花齐放。
信、达、雅(faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance )。
1898年，严复在《天演论》的《译例言》中说：“译事之难：信、达、雅。
求其信，已大难矣！顾信矣，不达，虽译，犹不译也，则达尚焉。
”后来一般就把“信、达、雅”当作翻译的标准。
用今天的话来说，“信”就是忠实准确，“达”就是通顺流畅，“雅”就是文字古雅。
“功能对等”。
“功能对等”（functional equivalence）翻译准则是由美国著名翻译家尤金.奈达（eugene a . nida）博士提出的。
在众多的国外翻译家中，奈达的翻译理论可以说对我国的影响最大。
他认为，翻译的预期目的主要是原文与译文在信息内容、说话方式、文体、风格、语言、文化、社会因素诸方面达到对等。
综观国内外翻译家们的观点，可以得出结论：中外翻译标准其实质上有一致性，即：信息对等(information equivalence)。
商务英语词汇翻译
Exercise 2 1.价廉物美 2.我们不销售廉价质次的货物。 3.我们已按很低的价格向你们报盘。 4.你们将会看出我们这批货物的价格是很便宜 的。 5.请报体温表最低价。 6.对我们的业务建议如有兴趣，请惠寄样品， 并告最惠条款。 7.我们的报价已是最低价，折扣不能再多给了。
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Keys： 1. Fine and inexpensive 2. We do not sell cheap quality goods 3.We have made you an offer at a very competitive price. 4.You will find our prices for these goods very popular. 5.Please make us your lowest quotation for Clinical Thermometers. 6.If you feel interest in our business proposal, please send us the samples together with your best terms and conditions. 7.As we have quoted our rock-bottom price, we can’t give you any more discount.
三.注意词的语体色彩 1. Please extend your offer for three days. 2. It causes a loss of time and thus a loss of money. 3. This offer is subject to the goods being unsold on receipt of your reply. 4. The responsibilities of the carrier shall commence from the time when the goods are loaded on board the ship and shall cease when they are charged from the ship. 5. Party A shall have the responsibilities and duties to assist the company in the handling of the following matters concerned.
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Translation Exercise 3一、Translate following English sentences to Chinese:1. This assessment of quality is seen as the first step in implementing a quality system.质量检测被看做（是）实施质量系统的第一步。
2.The recommendation will be regarded as a void unless it bears the official seal of the institution that issues it.若无所开具单位的公章，推荐书无效。
3.Installations are reported to have been plagued by many problems.据报道，安装过程受到许多问题的干扰。
4.In case of non-delivery, letters must be returned to the senders.如果无法投递，信件必须返还发件人。
5.Banks already conduct transactions in euros; equities are priced in euros; checks, credit transfer and direct debits can be denominated in them; and foreign exchange dealers trade in euros.银行已采用欧元进行交易：股票由欧元标价，支票、信贷、直接借记用欧元记账，外汇交易也用欧元交易。
6.Tariffs are often protective, and are designed to carry out a particular economic policy.7.For a fixed-rate LC (line of credit), the borrower is given an option of a loan at a pre-specified, fixed interest rate.8.McDonald’s can be found in more than 100 countries including India and Israel.麦当劳在超过一百个国家有分店，包括印度和以色列。
9.The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced China’s determination to introduce foreign technology by means of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international capital markets.许多发展中国家面对的债务问题，坚定了中国引入外国科技的决心。
引进外国科技，要通过直接投资和优惠融资，而不是通过在发展中国家筹集大量资金。
10. AOL Time Warner’s books division looks set to receive limited interest buyers after some of the publishing world’s largest players indicated they would not participate in the auction being held by the troubled media group.美国时代华纳公司的图书部门只吸引到少数买家的兴趣。
在此之前，出版界巨头暗示，他们将不会参与这场由陷入困境的媒体集团举办拍卖会。
二、Translate following Chinese sentences to English:1. 会员们都同意，宣言将由李先生草拟，由秘书修订，再由主席团批准。
The consensus of all member is that the declaration shall be drafted by Mr. Li, revised by the secretary, and finally approved by the presidium.2.特别工作小组委员会由所有成员国的代表组成，明年1月开始运作。
The Special Working Committee is formed by the representatives of all member countries, and it will begin to work in January.3.如果在本月15日之前未能收到你方的装运指示，则我方将把你方的沉默视同认可。
If we would not receive your shipping notice before 15Th this month, then your silence wil be taken as acceptance.4.只是在近些年来人们才越来越清楚地认识到，制造出的产品除非是在一定的时间内以合理的价格卖出去，不然就是一种资源的浪费。
It is recognized clearly recent years that the products shall be sold in proper price within certain period, or is a waste of resources.5.如有异议，可实施该条约。
The treaty could be implemented if there is any objections.6.在已经申请专利但位予以颁布之前，制造者可以印上“已申请专利”或“专利待授”等字样。
Manufacturers can print the words "patent applied" or "patent pending" if they have applied for patents but the certifications are not issued yet.7.贷款承诺是指银行向客户做出的在未来一定时期内按商定条件为客户提供有约定上限的贷款的承诺，而利率有时是事先设定好的。
Loan commitment refers to the promise made by the bank to the customer to provide the loan with an agreed upper limit on the agreed terms in a certain future period, and the interest rate is sometimes set in advance.8.人们所期待得到的信息和可以提供的信息之间存在着巨大的差异，同时所提供的信息在有用性和可靠性上也有很大的不同。
There are huge difference between the message people want and the message the other can provide, as well as between the usefulness and reliability of the information provided.Translation Exercise 4一、Translate following Chinese passage to English:欧洲的劳务市场将工人分为两类：“圈内人”和“圈外人”。
The workers in the European workforce markets are divided into "insiders" and "outsiders".圈内人有工作，一般都是势力强大的工会的会员，其就业有保障。
The former group workers usually are members in powerful work union, they have job and protected employment.保障的手段，一是按资历晋升，二是工会有种种规定和措施，三是政府有限制裁员的各种规定。
Protected employment means, first is promoted according to seniority, second is the trade union has a variety of regulations and measures, third is the government has a variety of restrictions on layoffs.因为圈内人面临较少的来自新人或其他人的就业竞争，因而无论是其熟练的或不熟练的工人，其工资都一直稳步增长。
The insider, experienced or inexperienced, their salary is increasing stably because the inner circle confront few competition from new people and others.二、Translate following English passage to Chinese:SALES ENGINEERRapidly expanding precision bearing manufacturer is looking for an aggressive, problem-solving, motivated decision-maker to cover Imperial and San Diego countries.Our candidate must develop, with minimal assistance, the full sales potential of the assigned territory, calling on new and established customers, including accounts of major importance. This individual will be required to analyze customer needs, keep them fully informed of product features and applications, and provide technical support. A close working relationship with many company functions must be maintained, interfacing with such groups as customer service, engineering and management.A BS(Bachelor of Science) degree is desired, coupled with three years sales or engineering experience, preferably in the bearings or related industry.Top compensation is offered to the right candidate, plus many valuable extras in benefits, incentives and expenses. For immediate consideration, we invite you to send your resume with salary history to:Alan B. RoneyNMB CORPORA TION9730 Independence AvenueChatsworth, CA 91311Equal Opportunity Employer销售工程师作为快速扩张的精密轴承制造商，我们正在正在寻找一位积极向上，能够解决问题的决策者股则英国和圣地亚哥国家。