初中句子成分分析及练习题

组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。

各成分在句中的作用如何?分别由哪些词及短语充当?1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。

如：The car is running fast.(名词)We are students.(代词)One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词)It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式)Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。

2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。

动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。

实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。

如：He works in a factory.(实义动词)I felt cold.(系动词+表语)How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词)Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词)They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词)【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。

3.宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象，一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。

如：He is doing his homework.(名词)They did nothing this morning.(代词)She wants to go home.(不定式)We enjoy playing football.(动名词)【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。

这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass， tell，leave等。

如：He bought me a book.Pass me the ball，will you?(间宾+直宾)直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等。

如：Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾)Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾)②有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。

这类动词有：want，wish， hope，promise，decide，agree， choose，care等。

如：I hope to see you again.③有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式。

这类动词有：enjoy，finish，mind，practise，miss， suggest，keep(on)等。

如：Do you mind my opening the window?④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。

forget to do表示“未发生的动作”，forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。

如：Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)丽慧外语句子成分分析4.定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。

如：What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词)She is a chemistry teacher.(名词)There are two students in the classroom.(数词)We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语)【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语，则放在后面。

5.状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。

单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。

如：Thank you very much.(副词)I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语)He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语)We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(从句)【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。

如：He is old enough to go to school.6.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。

常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel，become， smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。

如：They are workers.(名词)Two and three is five.(数词)The story is very interesting.(形容词)M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词)She is at home.(介词短语)I feel terrible.(形容词)The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)7.宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。

需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。

“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。

如：We elected him monitor.(名词)I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容词)The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短语)He is going to have his hair cut.(过去分词)They saw a bird flying in the sky.(现在分词)8同位语：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。

如：We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’）We all are students. / (all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’）9分词独立结构：分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构。

例：Studying hard, you score will go up.1They(主语） are working（系表结构做谓语） on the farm（地点状语）now（时间状语）.2.Seeing（动词ing做主语）is（谓语） believing （宾语）3.All of us（主语） like （谓语）Kobe Bryant （宾语）very much （程度副词状语）4.She（主语） became（谓语） a doctor （宾语）in 1998 （时间状语）5.The book（主语） lying on the floor（补语） are（谓语） mine （宾语）6.Suddenly （状语）it（形式主语） began to rain （谓语）7.To catch the train ,（目的状语）I（主语） got up （谓语）early yesterday （时间状语）8.I（主语） always find（谓语） her （宾语）happy （状语）9.He （主语）wonders （谓语）if I （条件句中的主语）still study（条件句中的谓语） English （条件句中的宾语）整个条件句做主干的宾语10.The letter（主语） which I received the day before yesterday（定语从句） was（谓语） a friend of mine （宾语）答案：11.We always work hard at English。

——————————————主语状语谓语状语状语12. He said he didn't come.———————————————主句主语主句谓语从句主语从句谓语13 .They love each other.——————————主谓语宾语14. What did you bye?————————宾助动词主谓15. She watched her daughter playing the piano.—————————————————————主谓宾宾语补足语16. Your job today is to help the old.——————- ——————————主定语系动词表语17. Speaking doesn't mean doing.————————————主谓宾18. Bye the time I got to the station, the train had left.—————————————————————————时间状语从句主句主语主句谓语19. The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.———————————————————————————————主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语状语20. It takes me an hour to get there.————————————————(三) ① D ② D ③ B ④ A ⑤ B ⑥ D ⑦ C ⑧ D ⑨ A ⑩ D(四) ①D ②B③D ④C ⑤B(五) ① C ② C ③ A ④ B ⑤ B ⑥ D(六) ① C ② C ③ C ④ C ⑤D ⑥ B(七) ① D ② A ③ D ④ D ⑤ A ⑥ D ⑦ C ⑧ D(八) ① us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语② me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语③ us, 间接宾语history, 直接宾语④ Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语⑤ me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语形式主语谓语宾语真正主语挑出下列句中的表语①The old man was feeling very tired.A B C D② Why is he worried about Jim? A B CD③The leaves have turned yellow. A B C D④Soon They all became interested in the subject. A B C D⑤ She was the first to learn about it. A B C D 挑出下列句中的定语①They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name. A B C D②What is your given name? A B C D③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. A B C D④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. A B C D⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep. A B C D⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe! A B C D 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语① She likes the children to read newspapers and books inthe reading-room.A B C D② He asked her to take the boy out of school. A B C D③ She found it difficult to do the work. A B C D④ They call me Lily sometimes. A B C D⑤I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. A B C D⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? A B C D(七) 挑出下列句中的状语①There was a big smile on her face. A B C D②Everynight he heard the noise upstairs. A B C D③ He began to learn English when he was eleven. A B C D划分句子成分练习题（1）1. They are working on the farm now.2. Seeing is believing.3. All of us like Kobe Bryant very much4. She became a doctor in 19985. The books lying on the floor are mine6. Suddenly it begins to rain7. To catch the train , I got up early yesterday8. I always find her happy9. He wonders If I still study English10.The letter which I received the day before yesterday was afriend of mine.11. We always work hard at English.12. He said he didn't come.13.They love each other.14.What did you bye?15.She watched her daughter playing the piano.16.your job today is to help the old.17.Speaking doesn't mean doing.18.Bye the time I got to the station,the train had left.19.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.20.It takes me an hour to get there.挑出下列句中的宾语①My brother hasn't done his homework. A B CD②People all over the world speak English. A B C D③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. A B C D④ How many new words did you learn last class?A B C D⑤ Some of the students in the school want to goswimming, how about you? A B C D⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. A B C D⑦They made him monitor of the class. A B C D⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. A B C D⑨ You willfind it useful after you leave school. A B CD⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is. A B C D④The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast.A B C D⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.A B C D⑥She loves the library because she loves books.A B C D⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.A B C D⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.A B C D(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week.③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤ Did he leave any message for me?。