公司理财英文版课件 (5)
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$60,500 = $55,0Biblioteka Baidu0 × (1.10)1
$100,000
$80,000
$60,000
$40,000
$20,000
$0 $0 $20,000 $40,000 $60,000 $80,000 $100,000 $120,000 4A-4
Consumption today
Intertemporal Consumption Opportunity Set
$55,000
$0 $0 $15,000 $40,000 $90,000
Consumption today
4A-10
Illustrating the Investment Decision
Consumption at t+1
Note that we are better off in that we can command more consumption today or next year.
4A-2
Making Consumption Choices over Time
An individual can alter his consumption across time periods through borrowing and lending. We can illustrate this by graphing consumption today versus consumption in the future. This graph will show intertemporal consumption opportunities.
The value created by the investment opportunity increased our possible consumption. This opportunity, therefore, created value. The current value of the opportunity is the investment’s NPV.
Appendix 4A
Net Present Value: First Principles of Finance
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Key Concepts and Skills
$101,500 $99,000 $85,000 $82,500
$101,500 = $15,000×(1.10) + $85,000
$55,000
$85,000 (1.10)
$0 $0 $15,000 $40,000 $90,000 $92,273
Consumption today
4A-11
Net Present Value
Consumption at t+1
$0 $0 $15,000 $40,000
Consumption today
$90,000
4A-9
Illustrating the Investment Decision
Consumption at t+1
$99,000 $85,000 $82,500
A better alternative would be to invest in the project instead of the financial markets. She could consume $15,000 now; invest the remaining $25,000 in the project at 20%; consume $85,000 next year. With borrowing or lending in the financial markets, she can achieve any pattern of cash flows she wants—any of which is better than her original opportunities.
Consumption at t+1
$120,000
$100,000
$80,000
Another choice available is to consume $60,000 now; invest the remaining $35,000; consume $38,500 next year.
$60,000
Consider an investor who has chosen to consume $40,000 now and to consume $60,000 next year. A rise in interest rates will make saving more attractive … …and borrowing less attractive.
Ms. Impatience
$20,000
$0 $0 $20,000 $40,000 $60,000 $80,000 $100,000 $120,000 4A-6
Consumption today
Changing Our Opportunities
Consumption at t+1
$120,000
Consider an investor who has an initial endowment of income of $40,000 this year and $55,000 next year. Suppose that she faces a 10-percent interest rate and is offered the following investment.
4A-3
Intertemporal Consumption Opportunity Set
Consumption at t+1
$120,000
A person with $95,000 who faces a 10% interest rate has the following opportunity set. One choice available is to consume $40,000 now; invest the remaining $55,000; consume $60,500 next year.
Understand the theoretical foundations of the Net Present Value (NPV) rule
4A-1
Appendix Outline
4A.1 Making Consumption Choices over Time 4A.2 Making Investment Choices 4A.3 Illustrating the Investment Decision
Consumption at t+1
$120,000
$100,000
A person’s preferences will determine what point on the Ms. Patience opportunity set she will choose.
$80,000
$60,000
$40,000
4A-12
Quick Quiz
What factors determine our consumption next year? How do investment opportunities create value?
4A-13
$40,000
$38,500 = $35,000×(1.10)1
$20,000
$0 $0 $20,000 $40,000 $60,000 $80,000 $100,000 $120,000 4A-5
Consumption today
Taking Advantage of Our Opportunities
Cash inflows Time Cash outflows -$25,000
4A-8
$30,000 0 1
Illustrating the Investment Decision
$99,000 $82,500
$55,000
One choice available is to consume $15,000 now; invest the remaining $25,000 in the financial markets at 10%; consume $82,500 next year. Our investor begins with the following opportunity set: endowment of $40,000 today, $55,000 next year and a 10% interest rate.
$100,000
$80,000
$60,000
$40,000
$20,000
$0 $0 $20,000 $40,000 $60,000 $80,000 $100,000 $120,000 4A-7
Consumption today
Illustrating the Investment Decision
$100,000
$80,000
$60,000
$40,000
$20,000
$0 $0 $20,000 $40,000 $60,000 $80,000 $100,000 $120,000 4A-4
Consumption today
Intertemporal Consumption Opportunity Set
$55,000
$0 $0 $15,000 $40,000 $90,000
Consumption today
4A-10
Illustrating the Investment Decision
Consumption at t+1
Note that we are better off in that we can command more consumption today or next year.
4A-2
Making Consumption Choices over Time
An individual can alter his consumption across time periods through borrowing and lending. We can illustrate this by graphing consumption today versus consumption in the future. This graph will show intertemporal consumption opportunities.
The value created by the investment opportunity increased our possible consumption. This opportunity, therefore, created value. The current value of the opportunity is the investment’s NPV.
Appendix 4A
Net Present Value: First Principles of Finance
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Key Concepts and Skills
$101,500 $99,000 $85,000 $82,500
$101,500 = $15,000×(1.10) + $85,000
$55,000
$85,000 (1.10)
$0 $0 $15,000 $40,000 $90,000 $92,273
Consumption today
4A-11
Net Present Value
Consumption at t+1
$0 $0 $15,000 $40,000
Consumption today
$90,000
4A-9
Illustrating the Investment Decision
Consumption at t+1
$99,000 $85,000 $82,500
A better alternative would be to invest in the project instead of the financial markets. She could consume $15,000 now; invest the remaining $25,000 in the project at 20%; consume $85,000 next year. With borrowing or lending in the financial markets, she can achieve any pattern of cash flows she wants—any of which is better than her original opportunities.
Consumption at t+1
$120,000
$100,000
$80,000
Another choice available is to consume $60,000 now; invest the remaining $35,000; consume $38,500 next year.
$60,000
Consider an investor who has chosen to consume $40,000 now and to consume $60,000 next year. A rise in interest rates will make saving more attractive … …and borrowing less attractive.
Ms. Impatience
$20,000
$0 $0 $20,000 $40,000 $60,000 $80,000 $100,000 $120,000 4A-6
Consumption today
Changing Our Opportunities
Consumption at t+1
$120,000
Consider an investor who has an initial endowment of income of $40,000 this year and $55,000 next year. Suppose that she faces a 10-percent interest rate and is offered the following investment.
4A-3
Intertemporal Consumption Opportunity Set
Consumption at t+1
$120,000
A person with $95,000 who faces a 10% interest rate has the following opportunity set. One choice available is to consume $40,000 now; invest the remaining $55,000; consume $60,500 next year.
Understand the theoretical foundations of the Net Present Value (NPV) rule
4A-1
Appendix Outline
4A.1 Making Consumption Choices over Time 4A.2 Making Investment Choices 4A.3 Illustrating the Investment Decision
Consumption at t+1
$120,000
$100,000
A person’s preferences will determine what point on the Ms. Patience opportunity set she will choose.
$80,000
$60,000
$40,000
4A-12
Quick Quiz
What factors determine our consumption next year? How do investment opportunities create value?
4A-13
$40,000
$38,500 = $35,000×(1.10)1
$20,000
$0 $0 $20,000 $40,000 $60,000 $80,000 $100,000 $120,000 4A-5
Consumption today
Taking Advantage of Our Opportunities
Cash inflows Time Cash outflows -$25,000
4A-8
$30,000 0 1
Illustrating the Investment Decision
$99,000 $82,500
$55,000
One choice available is to consume $15,000 now; invest the remaining $25,000 in the financial markets at 10%; consume $82,500 next year. Our investor begins with the following opportunity set: endowment of $40,000 today, $55,000 next year and a 10% interest rate.
$100,000
$80,000
$60,000
$40,000
$20,000
$0 $0 $20,000 $40,000 $60,000 $80,000 $100,000 $120,000 4A-7
Consumption today
Illustrating the Investment Decision