郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》(第4版)教材配套题库-第5章 翻译常用的八种技巧(中)【圣才出品】
郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》(第4版)教材配套题库-第11~14章【圣才出品】

第11章科技翻译一、翻译下列科技词汇1. cryogenics【译文】低温学2. norepinephrine【译文】新肾上腺素3. nucleonics【译文】核子学4. semisomnus【译文】半昏迷5. autoradiography【译文】自动射线照相术6. excoriation【译文】表皮脱落7. radiophotography【译文】无线电传真8. anti-armored fighting vehicle missile【译文】反装甲车导弹9. cpd【译文】compound化合物10. FM【译文】frequency modulation调频11. telesat【译文】telecommunications satellite通讯卫星12. frame【译文】(机械)机架;(计算机技术)“帧”或“镜头”13. normal【译文】<化学>中性的;当量的;标准浓度<物理学>简正的<几>垂直的;法线的;法线<生物学>不受感染的14. AIDS【译文】获得性免疫缺乏综合症15. poliomyelitis【译文】脊髓灰质炎16. conjunctivitis【译文】结膜炎17. diarrhea【译文】腹泻18. pink eye【译文】红眼病19. the runs【译文】拉肚子20. heartman【译文】换心人21. fallout【译文】放射性尘埃22. photobotany【译文】光植物学23. salt former【译文】卤素24. hot press【译文】热压25. waterproof【译文】防水的26. heart burn【译文】胃灼热/心口灼热27. antiparticle【译文】反粒子28. antineutron【译文】反中子29. antibody【译文】抗体30. autocorrelation【译文】自相关31. semicorrelator【译文】自相关器【解析】科技词汇中有许多以verb+er/or构成的词指的是某一仪器而不是人。
翻译笔记之八大技巧

Eight translation techniques1.增译法(amplification);2.重译法(repetition);3.减译法(omission);4.词类转移法(conversion);5.词序调整法(inversion):6.分译法(division);7.正说反译,反说正译(negation);8.语态变换法(the change of the voices)Group competition1.I am looking forward to the holidays.我在等待假日的到来.2.Much of our morality is customary.我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。
3.Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness,affection weakness,thrift avarice.勇敢过度,即成蛮勇;感情过度,即成溺爱;俭约过度,即成贪婪。
4. Histories make men wise;poets witty;the mathematics subtle;natural philosophy deep;moral grave;logic and rhetoric able to contend.读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理使人庄重,逻辑修辞使人善辩。
5. As an Oriental,I cannot but be proud of your historic achievement.作为一个东方人,我不得不为贵国所取得的历史性成就感到骄傲。
Amplification 增译法Three types: Semantic amplification,Grammatical amplification,Rhetoric amplificationSemantic amplification1. The crowds melted away人群渐渐散开了.2. We were all greatly moved by his loftiness.我们都被他那种崇高品质所深深感染.3. He felt the patriot rise within his breast.他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡.loftiness patriot: 英语习惯运用抽象词汇,而汉语习惯运用具体词汇将“抽象概念变为具体概念”,类似词汇如:arrogance, indifference, tension,confusion, solution, remedies, jealousy, fault-finding增补概括性的词1. The advantages of the meeting room are bright, spacious, fashionable, and without echoes.这个会议室有四大优点:明亮、宽敞、时髦、无回声。
郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》(第4版)教材配套题库-第5章 翻译常用的八种技巧【圣才出品】

第5章翻译常用的八种技巧5.1 重译法一、英译汉1. It may seem strange to put into the same packet an industrial revolution and two political revolutions. But the fact is that they were all social revolutions.【译文】把一场工业革命同两次政治革命归作一类似乎有点奇怪,但事实上这三次革命都是社会革命。
2. Two things are outstanding in the creation of the English system of canals, and they characterise all the Industrial Revolution.【译文】在修建英国的运河网的过程中,有两点是非常突出的,而这两点也正是整个工业革命的特点。
3. The canals were arteries of communication: they were not made to carry pleasure boats, but barges.【译文】运河是交通的动脉,开运河不是为了走游艇,而是为了通行驳船。
4. James Brindley was a pioneer in the art of building canals or, as it was then called, ‘navigation’.【译文】布林德雷是开凿运河的先驱者,当时人们把开凿运河叫做navigation。
5. Several factors accounted for this extraordinary achievement. One was the expansion into the west. Another was the application of machinery to farming. 【译文】取得这一特殊成就有几方面的原因:第一个原因是向西部的扩展,第二个原因是机器在农业上的应用。
4_第四周_汉译英翻译常用技巧(一)

英语词与词、 英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用 连词来表示, 连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关 系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开 因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。 增补连词 介词和冠词。 介词和冠词。
另外,汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的 另外,汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的 词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思完整。 词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思完整。
1. 我们要培养分析问题、 解决问题的能力。 We must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems. 2. 郭沫若同志曾说: “中国人历来是勇于探索、勇于创 造、勇于革命的。” Comrade Guo Moro once said: “The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into things, to make inventions and to make revolution.” 3. 他们为国家做的事, 比我们所做的多得多。 They have done much more for the state than we have.
1. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.) 2. 子曰: “学而不思则罔, 思而不学则殆。” Confucius said: “He who learns without thinking is lost. He who thinks without learning remains puzzled.” 3. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
英汉互译八种技巧

注意事项
保持原文的语义和语法正确
在直译过程中,要确保译文准确地传达了原文的语义和语法,避 免出现歧义或误解。
尊重原文的文化特色
直译法要尊重原文的文化特色,尽可能保留原文的文化信息,避免 因文化差异而引起的误解。
符合目标语言的表达习惯
尽管直译法强调保持原文的形式,但译文仍需符合目标语言的表达 习惯,以使读者能够更好地理解和接受。
注意事项
准确理解原文
在运用直译与意译结合法时,首 先要准确理解原文的意思,避免
因理解错误而导致翻译错误。
灵活调整词序
在直译与意译结合的过程中,需 要根据汉语的表达习惯灵活调整 英文原句的词序,使译文更加自
然流畅。
保持原文风格
在翻译过程中,要尽量保持原文 的风格和语言特色,如比喻、修 辞等,以使译文更加贴近原文。
注意事项
加注应当符合目标语言的表达习惯和规范,避免出现 语法错误或表达不当的情况。
加注应当简洁明了,避免过多的解释和说明,以免影 响读者的阅读体验。
加注应当尽可能地保留原文的信息和意义,避免出现 信息丢失或误解的情况。
THANKS FOR WATCHING
感谢您的观看
文的含义。
符合目标语言习惯
意译法要求译文符合目标语言的表 达习惯和语法规则,避免出现生硬 或不符合规范的语言表达。
保持原意不变
意译法的核心是保持原文意思不变, 因此在翻译过程中要特别注意保持 原意的完整性和准确性,避免出现 信息的遗漏或误解。
04
音意结合法
定义
• 音意结合法是指在进行英汉互译 时,将英文的发音和汉语的意义 结合起来,以达到准确传达原文 意思的目的。
和文化背景。
适用范围
当源语言与目标语言存在较大 的文化差异和语言结构差异时, 归化法可以发挥很好的作用。
四级常用翻译技巧

(二)转句译法 汉语复句英译时,可以按照汉语复句原有的句内 关系进行翻译。但如果按汉语顺序翻译,出现诸 如不符合英语行文习惯、句内成分关系不明确等 情况,则可以修改全句句型,使译文更加通畅。 这就是转句译法。 [例1]任何一个人,如果不努力学习新东西,都会 被时代所淘汰。 Any person who refuses to learn new things will be left behind the times. 原句的状语修饰关系在译成英文时可转译为定语 从句。
第15页/共20页
(六)转态译法
指在翻译时对主动语态和被动语态进 行转换。主动语态和被动语态在汉英两种 语言中的使用情况是很不相同的:英语大 量使用被动语态,而汉语则很少使用,即 便使用,也不像英语那样有固定或比较统 一的构成形式:如汉语的被动不是只用一 个“被”字表示。因此在英汉互译中,要 经常变换语态,以使译文符合习惯用法, 显得地道而自然。
第18页/共20页
[例]天无绝人之路。Every cloud has a silver lining(衬里).
[例]我决不做那件事。I will do anything but that. [例]与其他人相比,他是位非凡的作曲家。As compared with others,he is no ordinary composer. (为了使原来的隐含意义更加明确)
第19页/共20页
感谢您的观看。
第20页/共20页
正译:I paid a visit to Sifang District of Qingdao.This district had changed a great deal since I left.
第6页/共20页
《英汉翻译基础教程》配套辅导书学习指导(5-8章)【圣才出品】

《英汉翻译基础教程》配套辅导书学习指导(5-8章)【圣才出品】第5单元段落翻译5.1 复习笔记语段是篇章的基本结构单位。
语段亦称句群或句子组合,是大于句子的语言片段。
一、英汉段落比较英语段落的构成大致可分为两类:(1)“主题句——阐述句——总结句”的结构;(2)利用连词体现各种句际关系,并以某一中心思想统领的形散神聚结构。
汉语段落通常都围绕一个较为含蓄的中心思想展开的。
在一个语段中,汉语句子一般按时间顺序排列。
汉语句群可先总论或分说,也可先分说后总论,加上“总之”等词语。
二、逻辑关联翻译过程中,逻辑思维对于翻译的理解、分析、表达及译文校正等都很重要。
英语是一种“形合语言”(a Language of Hypotaxis),所以英语重逻辑性。
一般说来,英语句子逻辑标志(1ogic markers)非常明显,即用连接词来明示其逻辑关系。
But occasionally, through haste or carelessness, mistakes were made, so that at the end of the business day one teller would be short on cash, the other long.【译文】但是,偶尔也有这种情况,由于仓促匆忙或者粗心大意而造成错误,结果当天停业结算时,有的出纳会短了现金而另一个却会多了现金。
三、顺序调整在英汉互译中,根据语篇的需要,进行语序的调整。
例:It was no burden to me but a relief to dictate from my general body of knowledge acquired at the summit full explanations toone I know so well.【译文】根据我在峰会所获得的全部知识来对我所深知的人作全面说明,这并不是一种负担,而是使我如释重负。
1-5:英汉互译实践与技巧

(She is very popular now.) 2、你给我站住!*You Give Me Stop!!
(Stand!) 3、蠢蠢欲動。 *Stupid stupid want to move .
(Be ready to do sth.(bad)) 4、寒暄 *coldly talk for a while
Ⅱ. Nature and Scope of Translation 翻译的性质和范围
英 国 翻 译 教 育 家 Peter Newmark : “ It is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text. 翻译是按作者的创造意图把一篇文章的意思 用另一种语言描述出来的过程。”
Ⅲ. Principles or Criteria of Translation 翻译的原则和标准
Principle原则:
严复Yan Fu :the first Chinese who made a penetrating(敏锐的) and relatively systematic study of translation standard in modern times.
original. To reproduce the ideological content and the
style of the original works and retain as much as possible the figures of speech.
Ⅳ. Literal Translation and Free Translation 直译与意译
郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》(第4版)教材配套题库-第1、2章【圣才出品】

第1章翻译概述一、请将下列各句译成汉语1. Considering its lack of training, our team has acquitted itself well.【译文】鉴于我们队缺乏训练,其表现已经不错了。
2. He would be quite a likeable fellow if only he wouldn’t act the goat so much. 【译文】只要他不搞恶作剧,就是一个讨人喜欢的小伙子。
3. The management instituted a system of consultation with the staff so that any grievances might be aired.【译文】管理部门建立了与职工协商的制度,不管有何不平,均可言明。
4. We didn’t take his expression of interest in our ideas too seriously, for we suspected he was merely angling for praise.【译文】尽管他说对我们的想法颇感兴趣,我们却不能太当真,因为我们怀疑他仅仅是沽名钓誉。
5. He wouldn’t have done it of his own will, but he was argued into it by his wife. 【译文】若不是妻子说服了他,他是不会自愿做的。
6. Wherever she went she was attended on by a large number of followers andservants.【译文】不管她走到哪里,随从和佣人都是前呼后拥。
7. You never realize how fortunate you are to have good health until it is suddenly brought home to you by the sight of suffering.【译文】除非你突然亲眼目睹体弱多病之苦,不然,你不会认识到有一个健康的身体是何等有幸。
郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》(第4版)教材配套题库-第6章 英汉声色词互译【圣才出品】

第6章英汉声色词互译一、拟声词的翻译1. cock-a-doodle-do【译文】喔喔喔2. clip-clop【译文】(马蹄)得得声3. tick-tack【译文】(钟表)滴答声4. hoot(toot)【译文】嘟嘟5. dub-a-dub【译文】(鼓)咚咚声6. jingle-jangle【译文】玎玲当啷7. meow(或meou)【译文】喵8. hiss【译文】嘶嘶(作声)9. dingdong【译文】叮咚(声),叮当(声)10. ping【译文】乒11. giggle【译文】咯咯(地笑)12. pit-a-pat【译文】劈劈啪啪(地)13. cuckoo【译文】咕咕14. babble【译文】(婴儿)咿呀学语声;(流水)潺潺作声15. smack【译文】(拍击声、鞭打声、砸嘴声、掌掴声)16. 萧萧【译文】(a horse) neighs, (the rain) patters, (the wind) whistles, (the trees) rustle17. 鸣【译文】(birds) chirp, (frogs) creak, (a bugle) honks18. 皮鞋声【译文】the clicker-clack of the leather shoes19. 锣声【译文】the clangor of the gong20. 表的响声【译文】the tick-tack of the watch21. 雷声【译文】the rumbling (rolling) of the thunder22. 收音机的声音【译文】the squeaking of the radio23. 公共汽车声【译文】the thumping of the bus24. 麻将声【译文】the clatter of mahjong25. 门铃声【译文】the jingle of the door bell26. A horse neighs/whinnies/nickers.【译文】马嘶/马鸣/马萧萧。
郭著章、李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》(第3版)课后习题及详解-第3、4章【圣才出品】

郭著章、李庆⽣《英汉互译实⽤教程》(第3版)课后习题及详解-第3、4章【圣才出品】第3章翻译常⽤的⼋种技巧⼀、翻译下列各段。
注意翻译术语的适当运⽤,尤其是有关翻译技巧的定义1. There are in the main eight techniques and principles in translation, either from English into Chinese or from Chinese into English. They are: diction, amplification, omission, conversion, inversion, negation, division and repetition.【答案】不管是英译汉还是汉译英,主要有⼋条翻译技巧(和原则),即选词⽤字法,增译法,减译法,词类转移法,词序调整法,正说反译法、反说正译法,分译法和重译法。
2. By “diction” we mean proper “choice of words” in translation on the bas is of accurate comprehension of the original.【答案】所谓“选词⽤字法”,就是在正确理解原⽂的基础上适当地选择词语。
3. Repetition is useful chiefly for clearness, which is of course the first quality to be acquired in a discourse. Secondly, words are repeated also for the sake of emphasis or force, which is another important quality in expression. Lastly, repetition will give life to the discourse and make it more attractive.【答案】重译法之所以有⽤,第⼀是它可使译⽂明确(明确是衡量语⾔质量的第⼀个标准);第⼆是为了强调,使语⾔有⼒(这是衡量语⾔质量的另⼀重要标准);第三是为了使译⽂⽣动形象,引⼈⼈胜。
郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》(第4版)教材配套题库-第8章 Idioms与熟语的翻译【圣才出品】

第8章Idioms与熟语的翻译一、谚语和成语翻译1. Barking dogs do not bite.【译文】吠犬不咬人。
2. Who is contented, enjoys.【译文】知足者常乐。
3. Misfortunes never come singly.【译文】祸不单行4. It is harder to change human nature than to change rivers and mountains. 【译文】江山难改,本性难移。
5. Like father, like son.【译文】有其父必有其子。
6. as light as a feather(or as thistle-down)【译文】轻如鸿毛7. to take a load off one’s mind【译文】如释重负8. to run in the same groove; to cut from the same cloth 【译文】如出一辙9. to make a beast of oneself【译文】形同禽兽10. He that hath been bitten by a serpent is afraid of a rope. 【译文】一朝被蛇咬,十年怕草绳。
11. Shallow streams make most din.【译文】水深不响,水响不深。
12. Money makes the mare go.【译文】有钱能使鬼推磨。
13. Reckless youth makes rueful age.【译文】少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
14. A word spoken is past recalling.【译文】一言既出,驷马难追。
15. Great boast, small roast.【译文】干打雷,不下雨。
16. T ake not a musket to kill a butterfly.【译文】杀鸡焉用宰牛刀。
翻译技巧汉译英的八大要点

⼀、勿“从⼀⽽终” 汉语⾔简意赅,句⼦灵活,往往是⼀个汉语词汇对应N个英语(论坛)词汇,具体到在本句中应该采⽤哪个意项,务必抓住精神实质,不可以不变应万变。
⾄于怎么应变,这就是显⽰译者功⼒的地⽅了。
⽐如:都是“问题”,下⾯的翻译各不相同。
共同关⼼的问题questions of common interest 解决问题solve a problem 问题的关键the heart of the matter 关键问题a key problem 原则问题a question/matter of principle 没有什么问题without any mishap 摩托车有点问题Something is wrong with the motorcycle. 问题不在这⾥That is not the point. 译者要掌握这种汉英翻译中的“游击战术”,翻译家应是不同“⽂化王国”边境线上的“游击战略家”。
沙博⾥将《⽔浒传》译为:Outlaws of the Marsh(沼泽地上的亡命之徒),杨宪益译将屈原的《国殇》译为:For Those Fallen for Their Country,北外出版社将《儒林外史》译为:The Scholars。
这些都是译者吃透了原⽂的原意⽽译出的佳作。
⼆、勿望⽂⽣义,机械直译 这多半是初学者犯的⽑病,他们易于被表⾯现象所迷惑。
黄⽜(yellow cow——ox前误后正,下同) 黄鹂(yellow bird ——oriole) 黄⽠( yellow melon——cucumber) 紫菜(purple vegetable ——laver) 红⽊(red wood——padauk) 红⾖杉(red fir——Chinese yew) ⿊社会(black society ——sinistergang) 三、忌“⽔⼟不符”,习惯搭配失当 这的确是难度系数较⼤的问题,它要求译者既有较⾼的中⽂修养,⼜要有较⾼的英⽂造诣,⼀知半解的⼈常常在此“翻车”。
郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》(第4版)-翻译练笔材料及详解【圣才出品】

附录翻译练笔材料及详解一、英文短篇1A faint whinny, penetrating her dreams, woke the little girl on the veranda①. When she opened her eyes it was still not quite light and the tall gums crowding the steep rise to the road loomed up darkly over the house②, only leaving a pale strip of sky. Dew lay heavy on everything -the bark woodshed, the wheelbarrow by the stump, the bracken on the edge of the bush.③From the spouting trickled beads of water, dimming the flywire that netted the veranda.Warm in her blankets, the little girl looked drowsily up at the dark shape that always frightened her at bedtime; it had the beard and hunched shoulders of an old man and stretched out a dead hand④. Now, in the growing light, it was only a tree, no different from the other trees. Noises were beginning to seep through the woolly mist—the yellow robin’s plucked string⑤, clop-clop and jingle of a farmer’s cart on the road above, snort of the pony that was always brought into the paddock near the house at night-time.【参考译文】一阵轻微的马嘶声闯进了睡在阳台上的小妞的梦乡,把她惊醒了①。
郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》(第4版)教材配套题库-第5章翻译常用的八种技巧(中)【圣才出品】

郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》(第4版)教材配套题库-第5章翻译常用的八种技巧(中)【圣才出品】5.3 减译法1. I know my friends from the feel of their faces.【译文】我靠触摸脸庞来辨认朋友。
2. Ice is a solid. If we heat it, it melts and becomes water.【译文】冰是固体,如果加热,就融化成水。
3. John got up very early in the morning. He put on his jacket, sat down at his desk and began to do his homework.【译文】约翰早晨起床很早,他穿上夹克,就坐在桌旁开始做家庭作业。
4. But at the present moment the whole road looked rather pretty, for the sun had just set in splendor, and the equalities of rent were drowned in a saffron afterglow. 【译文】但此时整条路看起来都挺美,金灿灿的太阳刚落下山,橙红色的余辉掩盖了房屋的种种差异。
5. He had a shelf there, where he kept his Bohemian papers and his pipes and tobacco, and his shears and needles and thread and tailor’s thimble.【译文】他放在那儿有一个架子,摆着他的波希米亚报纸、烟斗、烟叶,还有大剪刀、针、线,以及裁缝用的顶针。
6. Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers…【译文】史书上最经常出现、最为显赫的人物,大多是些伟大的征服者、将军和军事家。
郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》(第4版)教材配套题库-第4章 确定词义,表达得体【圣才出品】

12. “Greek and Latin are all English to me,” said Oscar Wilde. 【译文】“希腊语和拉丁语对我来说都很容易,”奥斯卡·王尔德说。 【解析】王尔德系英国著名剧作家。他反用习语 It is Greek to me(这对我太困难),将希腊 语和拉丁语比作自己的母语(英语),言下之意是“不难”。
【译文】 ①我几天后就回来。
3 / 31
圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
②据说他们会支持这计划。 ③最后添加的一根稻草会压断骆驼的背脊。
8. ①George made great progress at school. ② Let us be great friends.
13. He wrote his 12th novel at the ripe age of 85. 【译文】他 85 岁高龄时完成了第 12 部小说。 【解析】其中 ripe 不作 mature(成熟的)或 full grown 解,而是 advanced in years(高龄) 之意。
5 / 31
2. ①milk the cow ②milk the bull
【译文】 ①挤牛奶 ②徒劳之举
3. ①out of question ②out of th书
①不成问题
十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
②不可能
4. ①light music ②light loss ③light heart ④light car ⑤light step ⑥light manners ⑦light outfit ⑧light work ⑨light voice
郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》(第4版)教材配套题库-第5章翻译常用的八种技巧【圣才出品】

郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》(第4版)教材配套题库-第5章翻译常用的八种技巧【圣才出品】第5章翻译常用的八种技巧5.1 重译法一、英译汉1. It may seem strange to put into the same packet an industrial revolution and two political revolutions. But the fact is that they were all social revolutions.【译文】把一场工业革命同两次政治革命归作一类似乎有点奇怪,但事实上这三次革命都是社会革命。
2. Two things are outstanding in the creation of the English system of canals, and they characterise all the Industrial Revolution.【译文】在修建英国的运河网的过程中,有两点是非常突出的,而这两点也正是整个工业革命的特点。
3. The canals were arteries of communication: they were not made to carry pleasure boats, but barges.【译文】运河是交通的动脉,开运河不是为了走游艇,而是为了通行驳船。
4. James Brindley was a pioneer in the art of building canals or, as it was then called, ‘navigation’.【译文】布林德雷是开凿运河的先驱者,当时人们把开凿运河叫做navigation。
5. Several factors accounted for this extraordinary achievement. One was the expansion into the west. Another wasthe application of machinery to farming. 【译文】取得这一特殊成就有几方面的原因:第一个原因是向西部的扩展,第二个原因是机器在农业上的应用。
郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》(第4版)笔记和课后习题详解-翻译概述【圣才出品】

第1章翻译概述1.1复习笔记第1节翻译学习方法和译者合格条件一、翻译学习方法掌握必要翻译知识和理论,进行大量实践阅读翻译理论书籍、期刊,进行名著翻译实践、阅读翻译技巧书籍、浏览翻译网站等。
二、译者合格条件(一)外文水平高有些原文在特定情况下有特定译法,不能一概而论。
要特别重视基本功的训练。
1.(Just)imagine(it).【译文】不可能/想不到/没想到【解析】≠把它想象一下吧。
2.I’ll buy it.【译文】我不懂。
/我答不出。
/请告诉我。
【解析】≠我将买它。
(二)中文水平高母语好是理解和表达的需要。
理解指汉译英时理解汉语原文,表达指英译汉时可用好的汉语来表达。
(三)知识面广1.John can be relied on,he eats no fish and plays the game.【译文】约翰为人可靠,他既诚实又正直。
【解析】需要英国历史典故方面的知识。
2.The Security Council has been seized of the question since then.【译文】安理会自那时以来就一直受理这个问题。
【解析】需要国际法方面的知识。
3.Nyaungu was actually the boundary between the two Japanese divisions.【译文】良字实际上是日军两个师的结合部。
【解析】需要地理、军事等方面的知识。
(四)政治觉悟高这一点在决定用词褒贬时要特别注意。
1.the peasant uprisings in the history of China【译文】中国历史上的农民起义【解析】不能根据英国的ALD及其香港出的汉译翻成“中国历史上的农民叛乱(或叛变)”,而应译为“农民起义”。
2.The enemy killed one of our comrades and we killed an enemy agent.【译文】敌人杀害了我们一位同志,我们宰了一个敌特。
英汉互译八种技巧

英汉互译八种技巧英汉八种翻译技巧,从“转换法”、“倒置法”、“省译法”、“增译法”、“拆句法”、“合并法”、“正反表达法”和“长句拆译法”的角度,帮助你更好地进行英汉互译。
1.转换法:转换法是指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语言的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。
在词义方面,需要从多方面对词义的选择进行考察。
引申法和转译法是在词义引申上的一个特例,具体表现为更广泛的用途。
翻译中不能孤立的处理词汇的语境化,不考虑词汇+语素构成的语境。
2.倒置法:在汉语中,定语修饰语和状语往往位于被修饰语之前,这与英语中的修饰语位置相反。
所以当我们翻译包含定语或状语的英语句子时,可以采取倒置法。
3.省译法:省略翻译法可以帮助我们在翻译时避免冗余和歧义,让我们的翻译更加简洁明了。
4.增译法:增译法的使用是在原文基础上添加必要的单词、词组、短语或句子,以便更准确地表达原文的意思。
5.拆句法:当我们面对长而复杂的英语句子时,可以尝试使用拆句法。
这种方法可以帮助我们更好地理解和翻译每一个小句子,从而使整体翻译更加流畅。
6.合并法:与拆句法相反,合并法是将几个短句子合并成一个长句子。
这种翻译技巧通常用于处理英语中的复合句。
通过合并法,我们可以使译文更加紧凑、连贯。
7.正反表达法:有时,英语中的正说可以采用反译的方法,反之亦然。
这种方法可以帮助我们更好地适应不同语言的表达方式和习惯。
8.长句拆译法:对于长而复杂的英语句子,我们可以尝试将其拆分成几个小句子,以便更好地理解和翻译。
这种方法可以帮助我们理清句子的结构和层次,使整体翻译更加清晰明了。
郭著章 李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解(同义词语、语域与翻译)【圣才】

第9章同义词语、语域与翻译9.1 复习笔记第1节各类英语一、同义词语定义同义词语就是指同义词和同义短语或同义表达式。
所谓同义,只是相对而言。
实际上,不论是意义还是用法,相互间都有所不同。
如:警察:【译文】l. police,2. policeman,3. constable,4. police constable,5. officer,6. police officer,7. sheriff,8. sheriff,9. gendarme,10. bluecoat,11. beagle,12. peace officer,13. 1aw enforcement agent,14. arm of the law,15. bobby,16. peeler,17. cop,18. copper,19. bull,20. harness bull,21. flatfoot,22. gumshoe,23. gumshoeman,24. roundsman,25. government man,26. G-man,27. pig,28. fuzz,29. slop,30. flatty.【解析】所有这些词所指的客体基本是一致的,即都是指一个国家里维护法律、维护社会治安的“警察”,但它们各自的“感情意义”不一样。
比如peeler和cop是俚语,如果用peeler来指现代英国社会的警察,或不看上下文或不分场合地用peeler,那么,说话人除了说的是不规范语言外,还有“因循守旧”之嫌,因为现代英国人不再常用peeler来指“警察”了。
cop和copper差不多都指专门逮捕或抓人的人。
flatty和flatfoot几乎都是不抱同情地暗指一种曾经需要长时间站立的工作对脚的影响。
slop是俚语,它是把police 的辅音顺序倒过来了。
bobby是时事话题暗指的残存词,源于警察的创始人Robert Peel 的教名昵称Bob或Bobby。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
5.3 减译法
1. I know my friends from the feel of their faces.
【译文】我靠触摸脸庞来辨认朋友。
2. Ice is a solid. If we heat it, it melts and becomes water.
【译文】冰是固体,如果加热,就融化成水。
3. John got up very early in the morning. He put on his jacket, sat down at his desk and began to do his homework.
【译文】约翰早晨起床很早,他穿上夹克,就坐在桌旁开始做家庭作业。
4. But at the present moment the whole road looked rather pretty, for the sun had just set in splendor, and the equalities of rent were drowned in a saffron afterglow. 【译文】但此时整条路看起来都挺美,金灿灿的太阳刚落下山,橙红色的余辉掩盖了房屋的种种差异。
5. He had a shelf there, where he kept his Bohemian papers and his pipes and tobacco, and his shears and needles and thread and tailor’s thimble.
【译文】他放在那儿有一个架子,摆着他的波希米亚报纸、烟斗、烟叶,还有大剪刀、针、线,以及裁缝用的顶针。
6. Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers…
【译文】史书上最经常出现、最为显赫的人物,大多是些伟大的征服者、将军和军事家。
7. I framed the words in my mind: “Pardon me, but have I done something to offend you?”
【译文】我心里在嘀咕:“对不起,我有什么举止行为冒犯你了吗?”
8. You hear it from the trackers, a more breathless chant, as they pull desperately against the current, half a dozen of them perhaps if they are, taking up a wupan, a couple of hundred if they are hauling a splendid junk, its square sail set, over a rapid.
【译文】纤夫拼命拉纤逆流而上时,你就会听见他们唱着较急促的号子。
拉五板木船时,或许五六人就行,但当拉着鼓着横帆的大船过急滩时,那就得要二三百人。
9. If you are a twinkler, you have the ability to walk into a room and bring the sunshine with you, making everyone else want to bask in it.
【译文】满怀喜悦的人能把阳光带进他所走进的房间,使别人愿意沐浴在这阳光中.
10. Her dark eyes made little reflected stars. She was looking at him as she was always looking at him when he awakened.
【译文】她那双乌黑的眼睛就像亮晶晶的星星在闪烁,他平素醒来的时候,她也是这样望着
他。
【译文】此句中有两个“she was looking at him”,如不作省略而译为“她像平常那样望着她一样望着他”,汉语就显得啰嗦繁复,诘屈聱牙。
11. There are some things that I have happily seen of the wondrous way of the spider.
【译文】蜘蛛的奇异动态,我曾有幸目睹。
【解析】译文省去“there are some things that”后,文字简约,表达生动,意思明确。
12. Standing as it does on a high hill, the church commands a new view.
【译文】教堂建在高山上,向下眺望,风景优美。
13. You shall facilitate the foreign trade enterprises by adopting measures such as holiday appointment inspection application, telephone inspection application, fax inspection application, advance inspection application, and clockwise wait for inspection.
【译文】要通过采取节假日预约报检、电话报检、传真报检、提前报检、全天候候检等种种措施,为各家外贸企业提供便利。
【解析】译文省略了对英语原文中代词“you”的翻译。
原文中的“you”为泛指人称代词,不是指某个具体的听话人。
因此,根据汉语语言习惯,对于泛指人称代词,通常需要将其省略而采用无主句来翻译。
14. He liked to go to dances and parties, where he could have a good time just sitting and watching.
【译文】他喜欢参加舞会和聚会,就是坐在一旁观看,也会很开心。
15. There are a variety of population problems in all parts of the world.
【译文】世界各地存在着各种各样的人口问题。
【解析】译文省略了there are的翻译,更加简洁易懂,也更符合汉语行文习惯。
16. How is it with the sick man?
【译文】那病人怎么样了?
17. It is all over with him.
【译文】他一切都完了。
18. She feared it would go hard with Antonio.
【译文】她怕安东尼奥要受苦。
19. Lu Xun has it that “Read your own work at least twice after you have got through your writing, trying to cut off all unnecessary words, sentences, and even paragraphs without any regret.’’
【译文】鲁迅说,“写完后至少看两遍,竭力将可有可无的字、句、段删去,毫不可惜。
”
20. It is with words as with sunbeams: the more they are condensed, the deeper the burn.
【译文】文字像日光一样:愈精炼,愈有力。
21. I don’t think it is he.
【译文】我想不是他。
22. You’ll be in for it if father finds out you’ve not been to school for three days.【译文】要是爸爸发现你三天没去上学,你就要倒霉了。
23. He led a dog’s life of it.
【译文】他过着牛马不如的生活。
24. Lord Angelo dukes it well. (Shakespeare)
【译文】安哲罗勋爵很有爵爷的神气。
25. We are born to slave it for our lord. (Thackeray)
【译文】我们生来就是为君主效劳的。
26. I am used to roughing it.
【译文】我已习惯于栉风沐雨,过艰苦的生活了。
27. He lords it over his inferiors.
【译文】他对部下摆架子,逞威风。
28. If you are found out, you will catch it.
【译文】如果你被发现,你要挨骂的。
29. I am determined to fight it out.
【译文】我决心要斗到底。
30. She is starring it in the provinces.
【译文】在几个省她正在成为观众注意的中心(成为主角/明星演员)。
31. We had to walk it in the rain.
【译文】我们不得不冒雨而行。
32. Can’t you swim it?
【译文】你能游过去吗?
33. Shall we walk it or bus it?
【译文】我们走路还是乘巴士?
34. We will have a hard time of it.。