现在分词作定语表语补语
英语动词-ing作表语、定语、宾语补足语
英语动词-ing作表语、定语、宾语补足语笔记整理一、非谓语动词分类Doing作主语/宾语—→动名词Doing 作表/定/补语—→现在分词Done 作表/定/补语—→过去分词To do 作主语/宾语—→不定式二、doing 作表语动名词作表语（判断标准：主语和表语可以换位）e.g. Reading is learning. 阅读是一种学习。
现在分词作表语（判断标准：主语与表语不可换位，且现在分词是形容词性的，表示主语的性质与特征）e.g. This food smells inviting. 这种食物香味怡人。
三、doing 作定语动名词作定语（仅作前置定语，用于表示用途）e.g. a reading room 阅览室a sleeping car 一辆停下的车现在分词作定语（单个现在分词作前置定语，现在分词短语作后置定语，强调表示动作正在进行）e.g. a flying bird 一只正在飞的小鸟The man speaking to the teacher is my father. 那个正在和老师说话的男人就是我父亲。
a sleeping boy. 一个正在睡觉的男孩。
四、doing 作宾语补足语（仅有现在分词）感官动词后（如：see/hear/smell/feel/find/watch/notice等）e.g. I heard someone knocking at the door.使役动词后（如：have/make/let/get/keep等）e.g. She made us waiting here for an hour. 她让我们白白等了一个小时。
注意：使役动词后接现在分词作为宾语补足语强调让某人一直在做，后接不定式作为宾语补足语强调让某人做某事。
With 的复合结构中e.g. With time going by. 随着时间的流逝。
英语现在分词的形式、特点和功能
英语现在分词的形式、特点和功能摘要现在分词是英语中一种非谓语动词形式，由动词加-ing构成。
现在分词有两个基本特点：一是表示动作正在进行或主动性；二是与其逻辑主语是主谓关系。
现在分词可以在句子中充当定语、状语、补语、表语等成分，并且具有动词的性质，可以带宾语和状语。
本文将从以下几个方面介绍现在分词在句子中的成分：现在分词作定语现在分词作状语现在分词作补语现在分词作表语现在分词的其他功能现在分词作定语现在分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰名词的前面，表示被修饰名词是现在分词动作的发出者或正在进行该动作。
例如：a running man 一个跑步的人a burning candle 一支燃烧的蜡烛a sleeping baby 一个睡觉的婴儿有时，现在分词作定语也可以放在被修饰名词的后面，这时通常表示现在分词有自己的宾语或状语，构成一个现在分词短语。
例如：the man sitting in the corner坐在角落里的人the book written by him由他写的书the girl wearing a red dress穿着红裙子的女孩下表总结了现在分词作定语的用法和含义：位置用法含义名词前单个现在分词表示被修饰名词是动作的发出者或正在进行该动作名词后现在分词短语表示被修饰名词与动作之间的逻辑关系现在分词作状语现在分词作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式、伴随等意义，并且与主句的主语是主谓关系。
例如：Seeing the teacher coming, the students stopped talking.（时间）Being ill, she didn't go to school.（原因）Working hard, you will succeed.（条件）Knowing he was wrong, he still insisted.（让步）He fell down, breaking his leg.（结果）She came in, smiling.（方式）He sat there, reading a newspaper.（伴随）下表总结了现在分词作状语的用法和含义：意义用法例句时间现在分词表示与主句动作同时或先于主句动作发生Hearing a loud noise, he looked up.原因现在分词表示主句动作的原因或理由Having no money, he had to sell hishouse.条件现在分词表示主句动作发生的条件或假设Following this road, you will find the postoffice.让步现在分词表示与主句动作相反或出乎意料的情况，常用though, even if,even though等引导Knowing it was dangerous, he went intothe forest.结果现在分词表示主句动作的结果或后果，常用逗号与主句分隔He hit the rock, breaking his arm.方式现在分词表示主句动作的方式或态度He answered the question, laughing.伴随现在分词表示与主句动作同时发生的另一个动作She stood there, waiting for him.现在分词作补语现在分词作补语时，可以对主语或宾语进行补充说明，表示主语或宾语正在进行的动作或状态。
现在分词
分词做表语
inspiring The news is __________. （令人鼓舞） surprised. He is _________. (感到惊讶）
an exciting voice 令人兴奋的声音 a puzzling look 令人迷惑不解的表情 an excited voice 兴奋的声音 a puzzled look 困惑的表情
having been done 该动词与句子主语为被动关系； 该动词所表达的动作先于句中谓语动词所表达的动作。
分词做状语 A 1. ____ from space, the earth looks blue . 2. ____ from space , we can see the earth is blue . B
分词做状语
A 1. ____ from his appearance, he is very strong. A. Judging B. Being judged C. To judge D. Judge C 2. ____ that he ill, his work should be done by others. A.Considered B. To consider C. Considering D. Consider
Having visited the city many times, he offered to be our guide. （原因）
分 分 词 词 做 做 状 状 语 语
If we were given more time, we would be able to do the work better. Given more time, we would be able to do the work better.（条件） Being done
小结现在分词
小结现在分词的用法非谓语动词中的现在分词主要起形容词和副词的作用，在句中作定语、表语、补语或状语。
一、现在分词的两个基本特点。
1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行。
例如： a developing country. 一个发展中的国家，boiling water 沸水， rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。
（试比较： a developed country 一个发达国家， boiled water 白开水， risen sun 升起的太阳）2. 在语态上表示主动。
例如： the ruling class 统治阶级， the exploiting class 剥削阶级。
（试比较： the ruled class 被统治阶级， the exploited class 被剥削阶级）二、掌握现在分词的基本功能。
1. 现在分词作定语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。
也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征，此时可换成相应的定语从句。
例如：① There was a terrible noise ___________ the sudden burst o f light. (MET 1989)A. followedB. followingC. to be followedD. being followed分析： B 。
表示主动的动作，句意是：雷声跟着闪电。
此处的 following ＝ which followed 。
② He saw a ________ bird and raised his bow.A. flyB. flyingC. flewD. to be flying分析： B 。
表示正在进行的动作，句意是：正在飞的鸟。
此处的 a flying bird ＝ a bird which was flying 。
③ I was satisfied with the _________ speech.A. exciteB. excitingC. excitedD. be excited分析： B 。
分词及练习（含答案）
第⼋章分词⼀.概念:分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种,是⼀种⾮谓语动词形式⼆.相关知识点精讲:1.现在分词的⽤法：1) 做表语：He was very amusing.That book was rather boring.很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语：exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.2) 作定语：上⾯所出现的现在分词都可以⽤作定语, 修饰⼀个名词：That must have been a terrifying experience.I found him a charming person.现在分词短语还可以放在名词的后⾯修饰名词, 相当于⼀个定语从句：There are a few boys swimming in the river.There is a car waiting outside.3) 作状语：现在分词短语可以表⽰⼀个同时发⽣的次要的或伴随的动作：Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain.Opening the drawer, he took out a box.Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.现在分词短语还可以表⽰原因, 相当于⼀个原因状语从句：Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.Being unemployed, he hasn’t got much money.现在分词短语还可以表⽰时间, 相当于⼀个时间状语从句：Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.Returning home, he began to do his homework.Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis.Be careful when crossing the road.Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.Having finished her work, she went home.4)作宾补：现在分词在⼀些动词之后可以做宾语的补语：例如, see, hear, catch, find, keep , have 等.I see him passing my house every day.I caught him stealing things in that shop.I smelt something burning.She kept him working all day.2.过去分词的⽤法：1) 作表语：We were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning.She felt confused, and even frightened.They were very pleased with the girl.I’m satisfied with your answer.He is not interested in research.2) 作定语：She has a pleased look on her face.The teacher gave us a satisfied smile.cooked food a written reportfried eggs boiled waterfrozen food armed forcesrequired courses fallen leavesfinished products a forced smilethe risen sun new arrived visitorsWhat’s the language spoken in that country?They’re problem left over by history.The play put on by the teachers was a big success.Is there anybody injured?Do you know the number of books ordered?3)作状语：Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year. They came in, followed by some children. Depressed, he went to see his elder sister.When treated with kindness, he was very amiable.4)作宾补：过去分词也同样可以作宾语的补语，接在某些动词后⾯I will have the clothes washed tomorrow.When they get back home, they found the room robbed.三.巩固练习1. __________ with the best students, I still have a long way to go.A. Having comparedB. To compareC. ComparedD. Compare（） 2. The music of the film _________ by him sounds so ___________ .A. playing, excitingB. played, excitedC. playing, excitedD. played, exciting（） 3. __________ against the coming hurricane, they dared not leave home.A. WarnedB. Having warnedC. To warnD. Warn（） 4. In __________ countries, you can’t always make yourself _______ by speaking English.A. English-speaking, understandB. English-spoken, understandC. English-speaking, understoodD. English-speaking, understood（）5. After _____________ the old man, the doctor suggested that he ___________ a bad cold.A. examining, should catchB. examined, had caughtC. examining, had caughtD. examined, catch（） 6. _____________ , Tom jumped into the river and had a good time in it.A. Be a good swimmerB. Being a good swimmerC. Having been good swimmerD. To be a good swimmer（） 7. ________ how to read the new words, I often look them up in the dictionary.A. Having not knownB. Not to knowC. Don’t knowD. Not knowing（） 8. As his parent, you shouldn’t have your child ___________ such a book.A. readB. to readC. readingD. be reading（） 9. He returned from abroad ______________ that his mother had been badly ill.A. heardB. having been heardC. having phonedD. having been phoned四.答案:1. C2. D3. A4. C5. C6. B7. D8. C9. D。
非谓语动词的用法总结例句
非谓语动词的用法总结例句一、非谓语动词的定义及作用非谓语动词是指在句子中充当状语、定语或补语，不带有主谓关系的动词形式。
其主要形式包括不定式、现在分词和过去分词。
非谓语动词的使用可以丰富句子结构，使得表达更加准确明确，在英语写作中具有重要作用。
二、不定式的用法及例句1. 不定式作目的状语 (Infinitive as Purpose Adverbial)例：He works hard to pass the exam.他努力学习以通过考试。
2. 不定式作原因状语 (Infinitive as Cause Adverbial)例：I came here to learn English.我来这里是为了学习英语。
3. 不定式作结果状语 (Infinitive as Result Adverbial)例：She ran so fast as to catch up with him.她跑得如此快，以至于赶上了他。
4. 不定式作目标 (Infinitive as Objective)例：She wants to become a doctor.她想成为一名医生。
5. 不定式表示愿望 (Expressing Wish or Desire)例：I hope to see you again soon.我希望很快能再见到你。
6. 不定式作宾补 (Infinitive as Object Complement)例：We elected her to be our leader.我们选她作为我们的领导。
三、现在分词的用法及例句1. 现在分词作状语 (Present Participle as Adverbial)例：Walking in the park, she met her old friend.她在公园里散步时遇到了她的老朋友。
2. 现在分词作定语 (Present Participle as Attributive)例：He gave me an interesting book written by himself.他给了我一本有趣的自己写的书。
初中英语知识点归纳现在分词的用法
初中英语知识点归纳现在分词的用法现在分词的用法在初中英语学习中起着非常重要的作用。
了解并正确运用现在分词的语法规则，可以帮助学生提高英语写作和阅读的能力。
本文将对初中英语中现在分词的用法进行归纳总结。
现在分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，它既可以表示主动的动作，也可以表示被动的状态。
下面我们来具体了解一下现在分词的用法。
1. 现在分词作定语现在分词可以用作定语，修饰名词或代词。
当现在分词作定语时，它通常放在被修饰词之前。
例如：- A running horse 飞奔的马- The crying baby 哭泣的婴儿2. 现在分词作状语现在分词也可以作状语，修饰整个句子或主句中的动词。
常见的状语包括时间、原因、方式、条件等。
例如：- Studying hard, he finally passed the exam. 他努力学习，最终通过了考试。
- Being tired, she decided to take a break. 因为累了，她决定休息一下。
3. 现在分词作补语现在分词有时也可以作表语的补语，表示主语的状态或感觉。
例如：- I am happy to help. 我很高兴能帮助。
- He was excited to see the movie. 他很兴奋看电影。
4. 现在分词构成分词短语现在分词还可以和其他词一起构成分词短语，可以表示主动或被动的动作。
分词短语在句子中充当动词、形容词或副词。
例如：- She came in, carrying a big bag. 她进来了，拿着一个大包。
- The teacher praised the students, smiling. 老师笑着表扬了学生们。
5. 现在分词用于进行时态的被动语态现在分词还可以用于进行时态的被动语态。
结构为：am/is/are + being + 现在分词。
例如：- The dog is being fed by the boy. 这只狗正在被这个男孩喂食。
现在分词做定语、表语和宾补的用法
_______ but the door _______.
A. being on; shut C. burning; shut B. burning; shutting D. on; shutting
V-ing作定语
I have a friend living in London.
1. V-ing作定语表主动或动作正在进行 living London. is ______in =I have a friend who ____ ____
我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。
My job is looking after the children.
他的话很鼓舞人。
V-ing形式一般跟物连用;
V-ed形式一般跟人连用.
His words are encouraging.
His father seems ____ with his results.
高考链接
1. The ______ boy was last seen ______ near the bank of the lake. A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play 解析：missing是形容词，作boy的定语，意 思是“失踪的”。 was last seen playing表示被看见时正在玩。
2. People____in the city do not know the pleasure of country life. • live B. to live C. lived D.living
3. The library’s study room is full of students____ for the exam. • busily prepared B. busy preparing C. busily prepare D. are busily preparing
现在分词1
动词-ing形式作表语可以说明主语的性质或者 形式作表语可以说明主语的性质或者 动词 特 系动词可以是： 征，系动词可以是： be/become/get/look/seem/appear/sound等， 等 例句如： 例句如： ---What do you think of the story I told you just now? ---It sounds interesting. I very it very much. like moving The film we saw was____________________(很 很 感人). 感人 (move)
1.感官动词 宾语+ 1.感官动词+宾语+宾语补足语 感官动词+
这一类词有 4看 watch，observe，see，look at 看 ， ， ， 2听 listen to，hear 听 ， 撞见) 发现 find，catch(撞见 ， 撞见 注意到 notice（注意到） （注意到） 感觉， 感觉，feel I saw my father working at midnight. I felt my heart beating fast when the bear smelt my friend who pretended to be dead lying down.
化的分词
可颠倒
My work is teaching you. My work is boring. *boring被 *boring被 看做形容词
doing 作表语
宾语补足语的概念
宾语补足语是对宾语起补充说明作用的语言结构。 宾语补足语是对宾语起补充说明作用的语言结构。 补充说明作用的语言结构 身份， 它是补充说明宾语的身份 特征和状态。 它是补充说明宾语的身份，特征和状态。 出现宾语补足语的情况很多。 出现宾语补足语的情况很多。 现在分词做宾语补足语，出现在三种情况中。 现在分词做宾语补足语，出现在三种情况中 三种情况 1.感官动词 宾语 宾语补足语 感官动词+宾语 宾语补足语* 感官动词 宾语+宾语补足语 2.使役动词 宾语 宾语补足语 使役动词+宾语 使役动词 宾语+宾语补足语 3.with+宾语 宾语补足语 宾语+宾语补足语 宾语 现在分词做补语 功能 表示宾语补足语的特征或者主动动作状态 特征或者主动动作状态*。 表示宾语补足语的特征或者主动动作状态 。
现在分词用法
saw the naughty boy hitting the dog. I felt the house shaking. hear, find, smell, observe, watch, notice, look at, listen to have, set, get, catch, keep, leave(使役动 词) We kept the fire burning all the time.
现在分词
1、现在分词作表语
The
news is encouraging.
用在倒装结构中
Attending
the evening party were 700 students from 15 Beijing universities and colleges.
2、现在分词作定语
He
(2)作主语的补语（被动结构） He
was seen going upstairs. She was heard singing all the time.
permitting, we will have the match tomorrow. （4）表方式或伴随 Their room was on the third floor, its window overlooking the sportsground.
5、现在分词作补语
（1）作宾语补语（感官动词） I
4、现在分词独立结构
（）表时间 The
question being settled, we went home. （2）表原因 The river having risen in the night, the crossing was impossible.
非谓语动词(3)—现在分词
非谓语动词(3)—现在分词现在分词既有动词的特征，又有形容词和副词的句法功能。
在句中可以作定语、表语、状语和补语一、作定语［规则1］现在分词短语作定语，必须置于被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。
1. The young man who is sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.=The young man __________ between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.2. Those who wish to join the club should sign here.=Those _____ to join this club should sign here.3. The factory that makes these pens is a small one.= The factory _____ these pens is a small one.4. Did you see the girl who was dancing with your brother?=Did you see the girl __________ with your brother?［难点1］如果现在分词与被修饰词之间有被动关系，且强调动作正在进行，需用现在分词的被动式。
5. The problem which we are discussing now is very important.=The problem ____________________ now is very important.6. The building which is being built now will be a hospital.=The building ____________________ now will be a hospital.［规则2］现在分词的完成式一般不直接放在被修饰词后面作定语，若要作定语，必须用逗号与被修饰词隔开，或用定语从句。
动词的ing形式作表语,定语,宾补和状语
动词的ing形式作表语，定语,宾补和状语一、动词—ing形式作表语1. 表示主语的内容，可以转换到句首作主语Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible。
（= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job）她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
2。
表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词）The problem is quite puzzling。
这个问题很令困惑。
3。
常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing，disappointing, boring，encouraging，inspiring，moving，tiring，interesting，surprising等。
全析提示:动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的—ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。
What worries me most is her staying too late every night. （staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her）二、动词—ing形式作定语1 单个的动词—ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义.①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。
a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋a working method =a method for working 工作方法②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家an ordinary—looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题2 作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语,则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句.They lived in a house facing south.（=which is facing south)他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
区分现在分词和动名词七法
区分现在分词和动名词七法动名词和现在分词是非谓语动词的两种形式，许多语法书把它们合称为动词的－ｉｎｇ形式。
同学们在学习和使用它们时常因为分辨不清两者的区别而导致错误。
下面就向大家介绍几种区分它们的方法。
一、成分法现在分词有动词和形容词性质，因此可以在句子中作表语、定语、状语或补语。
如：Ｔｈｅｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓａｒｅｃｌｅａｎｉｎｇｔｈｅｃｌａｓｓｒｏｏｍ．（作表语）Ａｌｉｔｔｌｅｃｈｉｌｄｌｅａｒｎｉｎｇｔｏｗａｌｋｆａｌｌｓｄｏｗｎｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｔｌｙ．（作定语）Ｉ’ｍｓｏｒｒｙｔｏｈａｖｅｋｅｐｔｙｏｕｗａｉｔｉｎｇｓｏｌｏｎｇ．（作补语）Ｉｆｅｌｔｔｈｅｗｈｏｌｅｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇｓｈａｋｉｎｇｉｎｔｈｅｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅ．（作补语）动名词有动词和名词性质，因此可以在句子中作表语、定语、主语或宾语。
如：Ｓｅｅｉｎｇｉｓｂｅｌｉｅｖｉｎｇ．（作主语）Ｈｅｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｅｄｇｏｉｎｇｐｉｃｎｉｃｔｈｅｃｏｍｉｎｇｗｅｅｋｅｎｄ．（作宾语）Ｈｉｓｊｏｂｉｓｈｅｌｐｉｎｇｔｈｅｓｉｃｋ．（作表语）Ｔｈｅｍａｎｗａｓｔｏｏｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｌｙｉｎｊｕｒｅｄａｎｄｄｉｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｏｐｅｒａｔｉｎｇｔａｂｌｅ．（作定语）我们不难发现：动词的－ｉｎｇ形式如果在句子中作主语或者宾语，通常是动名词形式；如果在句子中作补语或者状语，通常是现在分词形式。
但是，此法无法区分作表语或定语时的动名词和现在分词。
二、换位法动名词作表语时，表语和主语通常可以互换位置，互换后句意不变；现在分词作表语时，表语和主语则不能互换位置。
这种方法可用来区分作表语时的现在分词和动名词。
Ｈｅｒｊｏｂｉｓｇｅｔｔｉｎｇｅｖｅｒｙｔｈｉｎｇｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｉｎｔｈｅｏｆｆｉｃｅ．Ｇｅｔｔｉｎｇｅｖｅｒｙｔｈｉｎｇｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｉｎｔｈｅｏｆｆｉｃｅｉｓｈｅｒｊｏｂ．（主语和宾语可以互换位置，这里动词的－ｉｎｇ形式是动名词。
）ＨｅｗａｓｍａｋｉｎｇａｐｈｏｎｅｃａｌｌｗｈｅｎＩｅｎｔｅｒｅｄｔｈｅｏｆｆｉｃｅ．（主语和宾语不可以互换位置，这里动词的－ｉｎｇ形式是现在分词。
分词作非谓语动词
分词作非谓语动词
分词作非谓语动词是英语语法中的一个重要概念。
分词包括现在分词（Present Participle）和过去分词（Past Participle）两种形式。
非谓语动词指的是在句子中不能单独作为谓语，而需要与其他词语一起构成谓语或者作为其他句子成分的词。
现在分词通常用于表示主动或进行的意义，常作定语、表语、补语等。
例如：
•作定语：a developing country（一个发展中的国家）
•作表语：The film is very interesting.（这部电影很有趣。
）
•作补语：I found him sitting in the room.（我发现他坐在房间里。
）
过去分词则通常用于表示被动或完成的意义，也可以作定语、表语、补语等。
例如：
•作定语：a broken window（一扇破了的窗户）
•作表语：She is very excited.（她非常兴奋。
）
•作补语：I have my hair cut every month.（我每个月都剪头发。
）
除了上述常见的用法外，分词还可以与其他词语一起构成短语，如分词短语（Participle Phrase）等，进一步丰富句子的表达。
总的来说，分词作为非谓语动词在英语语法中具有重要的地位和作用，掌握其用法和规则对于提高英语表达能力具有重要意义。
现在分词讲解
现在分词现在分词（Present Participle）(又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ，是分词的一种，分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，它们都是非限定动词，即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分（定语，表语，补语和状语），并且它们具有动词的性质，所以又是类动词的一种。
一.构成形式doing （特殊的略）现在分词表示主动的或进行的动作二.时态与语态一般式doing 一般被动式being done 完成式having done 完成被动式having been done所有否定式都是在－ing前面加not 包括独立主格形式三.可作成分定语状语补语表语1.作定语单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前分词短语作定语时放在后并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系e.g. a running boy the girl standing there一个发展中的国家，沸水，冉冉升起的太阳。
并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句e.g. a boy who is runninga girl who is standing there2.作补语只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补1）感官动词：see hear watch feel notice observe keep find listen to look at2）使役动词：have get catch leave set值得注意的是：要想用现在分词来作宾补只能是用于这些词后但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词（有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补）eg.I saw him singing now.Don't have the students studying all day.注意：宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者3.作表语现在分词作表语的情况只适用于上述的现在分词做定语部分中的注意3 有三级变化可被副词修饰e.g.The story is interesting.The match is exciting.4.作状语作时间条件原因让步状时要位于句首且与后面用逗号隔开能转换为一个相应的状语从句作结果方式伴随状语时要位于句尾且与前面用逗号隔开有时也可以不用注意分词作状语时的逻辑主语（即分词动作的发出者）一般要与句中主语保持一致．1）作时间状语eg.Walking in the street,I saw him.当我在街上走时，我看到他了．Walking in the street,I saw him.翻译成”当我在街上走时，我看到他了．”而不可以翻译为”当他在街上走时，他看到我了．”（这个是因为”分词作状语时其逻辑主语一般要与句中主语保持一致”）要是想翻译成”当他在街上走时，我看到他了．”When/While he was walking in the street,I saw him.在这里在告诉大家另外的一个方法He walking in the street,I saw him.这是分词的独立主格形式我们以下会介绍在这里不需太理解．2）作条件状语e.g. Working hard,you will succeed.3）作原因状语e.g. Being ill,she stayed at home.注意being是常用来作原因状语的4）作让步状语e.g. Having failed many times,he didn't lost heart.5）作结果状语e.g. His friend died,leaving him a lot of money,6）作方式状语e.g. Please answer the question using another way.7）作伴随状语可以转化为一个并列句e.g. He is standing there,singing.5.作独立成分generally speaking一般来说Judging from/by 由……判断出6.现在分词的独立主格独立主格，又叫独立结构。
动词不定式与分词作定语、表语和补足语 课件-2022届高三英语一轮复习
【考例】Volunteering gives you a chance to change lives, including your own.
4. 不定式作定语修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、希望、目的、权 利等抽象名词。这样词有：ambition抱负，effort努力，need，campaign战役/ 运动，opportunity/chance，force，promise，courage，movement， method/way，struggle奋斗，motive动机，right权利等。如：
The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the remaining 20 dollars/20 dollars left.
【考例】Sophia got an e-mail asking for her credit card account number.
She has a lot of work to do in the morning. （注意：she是do的执行者，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义） How still everything is! There’s not a sound to be heard. 多么宁静呀！一点声音也没有。
【考例】 The airport to be completed next year will help promote tourism in this area.
注：不要受汉语意思的影响把以下动词用不定式作宾补：
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比较：动名词作定语表示用途
现在分词作定语表示动作
？？？V-ing 还是v-ed？？？
2. 作表语
1）. The news is exciting. 2）. The teacher’s words were encouraging.
surprising astonishing shocking moving entertaining annoying 比较：
动名词 说明主语的内容，表示 概念。 现在分词 表示主语的某种特征，多为形容 词化分词。
3.补语 1）I hear him singing next door. 2）The teacher caught him smoking. 3）He was caught smoking
2. I saw the man being taken away by the police.
There is a swimming pool in my yard.
walking stick
washing machine
sleeping car
V谓关系
进行：它所表示的动作与谓语动词表示
的动作同时发生。
1. 作定语 （单个分词前置，分词短语后置）
V-ing 现在分词
Translate the sentences 1.Do you mind my smoking?
2.I remember locking the door.
3.I couldn’t help laughing at the joke.
Seeing is believing
Listening to music is my favourite. It is no use doing this kind of things.
比较：现在分词作补语强调进行
不定式做补语强调结果
I saw him go out. 我看到他出去了。
现在分词的被动式 被动 进行
1. I can’t attend the party being held at Tom’s house at present, because I am prepairing for my exam.