4 Market Segmentation
市场细分
FIGURE 9-6 Segmentation bases, variables, and breakdowns for U.S. organizational markets
9-25
STEPS IN SEGMENTING AND TARGETING MARKETS
LO3
STEP 1: GROUP POTENTIAL BUYERS INTO SEGMENTS
的利益。 ● 随着卖方不断引进更为精确的特征来划分ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ场,细分市场趋向
于分解为一组组利基市场。 ● 细分市场通常能吸引好几位竞争对手,而利基市场只能吸引一
个或少数几个竞争者。 ● 利基市场内的营销人员对顾客的需求了解得非常透彻,以至于
顾客情愿支付较高的价格。
利基市场
1. 它必须有足够的购买力。 2. 它必须有成长的潜力,远景看好。 3. 主要竞争者比较不重视,势力比较薄弱 4. 厂商本身具有优异的能力足以有效服务此一利基,
Ways to Segment Consumer Markets
• Demographic Segmentation
9-17
STEPS IN SEGMENTING AND TARGETING MARKETS
LO3
STEP 1: GROUP POTENTIAL BUYERS INTO SEGMENTS
FIGURE 9-5 Comparison of various kinds of users and nonusers for Wendy’s, Burger King, and McDonald’s fast-food restaurants
Source: Simmons Market Research Bureau, NCS/NHCS Spring 2007 Adult Full Year Choice Systems Crosstabulation Report: Visits within the Past 30 Days
市场分割
策略
企业市场分割策略,主要是企业根据自身企业产品来对消费者群体进行理性分割,从而对自己的消费品进行 准确的市场定位。谢谢观看 Nhomakorabea步骤
市场细分包括以下步骤: 1.选定产品市场范围。公司应明确自己在某行业中的产品市场范围,并以此作为制定市场开拓战略的依据。 2.列举潜在顾客的需求。可从地理、人口、心理等方面列出影响产品市场需求和顾客购买行为的各项变数。 3.分析潜在顾客的不同需求。公司应对不同的潜在顾客进行抽样调查,并对所列出的需求变数进行评价,了 解顾客的共同需求。 4.制定相应的营销策略。调查、分析、评估各细分市场,最终确定可进入的细分市场,并制定相应的营销策 略。
市场分割
经济术语
01 信息简介
03 策略
目录
02 步骤
市场分割(市场细分)是美国市场学家温德尔·史密斯(Wendell R.Smith)于20世纪50年代中期提出来的。
信息简介
市场细分(market segmentation)是指营销者通过市场调研,依据消费者的需要和欲望、购买行为和购买 习惯等方面的差异,把某一产品的市场整体划分为若干消费者群的市场分类过程。每一个消费者群就是一个细分 市场,每一个细分市场都是具有类似需求倾向的消费者构成的群体。
(segmented markets)分割就是细分市场,其重要的核心是让同一个分割市场达到最大的同质化,不同的分 割市场达到最大异质化.这个做好了,自然定位就出来,不同的细分市场,企业的定位肯定是不同的.然后营销组合 就是帮助如何实现被细分的市场的定位实现,
自改革开放以来,中国政府一直致力于社会主义市场经济的建设。统一的国内市场也一直是市场经济建设的 重要目标。然而在改革的进程中,地方政府为促进本地经济的发展,都在不同程度上采取地方保护主义措施。中 国市场出现了一定程度的市场分割现象,阻碍了市场经济的发展。市场分割是与市场一体化相背离的经济现象, 主要指地方政府利用行政力量对外地厂商进入本地市场、本地企业及资本流出加以限制的行为。
4-Market-Segmentation教学文稿
Requirements for Effective Segmentation
Measurable Accessible Substantial Differential Actionable
Target Market
• A market is a set of all actual and potential buyers • A target market is a group of people toward whom a
firm markets its goods, services, or ideas with a strategy designed to satisfy their specific needs and preferences. • Any marketing strategy must include a detailed (specific) description of this.
• Size, purchasing power, profiles of segments can be measured.
• Segments can be effectively reached and served.
• Segments are large or profitable enough to serve.
UNIT FOUR Hotel Market Segmentation, ng and Positioning
Lesson Objectives
市场细分Market-Segmentation
市场细分Market Segmentation一、什么是市场细分市场细分又叫做市场区隔(market segmentation)。
这个概念是美国市场学家温德尔·史密斯(Wendell R.Smith)于1956年美国《市场营销杂志》著文提出的。
它是根据构成总体市场的不同消费者的需求特点、购买习惯,将他们细分为若干相类似的消费群体,然后针对不同的消费群体,从产品计划、分销渠道、价格政策直至推销宣传,采取相应的整套市场营销战略,使企业商品更符合各个不同消费者阶层和集团的需要,从而在各个细分的小市场中提高竞争能力和市场占有比重。
以市场细分理论是一种现代营销观,是卖方市场向买方市场转化的新形势下企业以消费者为中心的现代市场营销理念的必然产物。
市场细分理论基于这样一个普遍认识:在多元选择的市场背景下,消费者也是多样化的,任何的单一策略来对应所有消费者都不是一种优秀的战略选择。
从操作层面上来看,市场细分实际上是一个两步式战略:发现特殊性;制定针对性。
首先,要在一个混合的巨大市场中识别出具有某种共同需求和特征的人群,找到他们对产品效用的共同兴趣,将这些人群聚合成为稍大的细分市场。
这里所说的特殊性具有“群”的意义。
在该群体内,他们是具有“共同特征”的,他们的消费具有某种共性,他们对产品或者品牌具有大致相同的需求。
但是,在此群体与彼群体之间,他们是具有特殊性的。
所谓细分,一定要把这些特殊性细分出来。
然后,生产者、营销和广告人员正是根据这种特征设计出针对这些消费者的产品或者服务,以满足他们的特定需求。
当然,一个企业的目标市场往往并不只针对一个细分市场,而是细分后的系列市场。
国际日用消费品巨头宝洁公司旗下众多洗发水品牌产品的推出就是市场细分策略运用的经典案例。
针对消费者的不同需求,宝洁在中国市场先后推出了海飞丝、飘柔、潘婷、沙宣、润妍、伊卡璐等洗发水品牌,占据了中国洗发水市场的半壁江山。
海飞丝以去屑止痒,清爽飘逸引领中国人洗发的新方式;空中小姐“头发柔顺的秘密”将飘柔成功的推向全国市场;让人一头雾水的“维他命原B5”让消费者记住了头发的护养专家潘婷;沙宣着力宣扬美发大师带来的专业发廊护理的时尚元素;润妍针对东方人发质突出黑发功能;伊卡璐则顺应“回归自然,崇尚环保”的潮流,以天然芬芳,草本健康抢占市场。
市场细分Market-Segmentation
市场细分Market Segmentation一、什么是市场细分市场细分又叫做市场区隔(market segmentation).这个概念是美国市场学家温德尔·史密斯(Wendell R。
Smith)于1956年美国《市场营销杂志》著文提出的.它是根据构成总体市场的不同消费者的需求特点、购买习惯,将他们细分为若干相类似的消费群体,然后针对不同的消费群体,从产品计划、分销渠道、价格政策直至推销宣传,采取相应的整套市场营销战略,使企业商品更符合各个不同消费者阶层和集团的需要,从而在各个细分的小市场中提高竞争能力和市场占有比重。
以市场细分理论是一种现代营销观,是卖方市场向买方市场转化的新形势下企业以消费者为中心的现代市场营销理念的必然产物.市场细分理论基于这样一个普遍认识:在多元选择的市场背景下,消费者也是多样化的,任何的单一策略来对应所有消费者都不是一种优秀的战略选择。
从操作层面上来看,市场细分实际上是一个两步式战略:发现特殊性;制定针对性。
首先,要在一个混合的巨大市场中识别出具有某种共同需求和特征的人群,找到他们对产品效用的共同兴趣,将这些人群聚合成为稍大的细分市场。
这里所说的特殊性具有“群”的意义。
在该群体内,他们是具有“共同特征"的,他们的消费具有某种共性,他们对产品或者品牌具有大致相同的需求。
但是,在此群体与彼群体之间,他们是具有特殊性的。
所谓细分,一定要把这些特殊性细分出来。
然后,生产者、营销和广告人员正是根据这种特征设计出针对这些消费者的产品或者服务,以满足他们的特定需求.当然,一个企业的目标市场往往并不只针对一个细分市场,而是细分后的系列市场。
国际日用消费品巨头宝洁公司旗下众多洗发水品牌产品的推出就是市场细分策略运用的经典案例。
针对消费者的不同需求,宝洁在中国市场先后推出了海飞丝、飘柔、潘婷、沙宣、润妍、伊卡璐等洗发水品牌,占据了中国洗发水市场的半壁江山。
海飞丝以去屑止痒,清爽飘逸引领中国人洗发的新方式;空中小姐“头发柔顺的秘密”将飘柔成功的推向全国市场;让人一头雾水的“维他命原B5”让消费者记住了头发的护养专家潘婷;沙宣着力宣扬美发大师带来的专业发廊护理的时尚元素;润妍针对东方人发质突出黑发功能;伊卡璐则顺应“回归自然,崇尚环保"的潮流,以天然芬芳,草本健康抢占市场.二、市场细分理念的运用从前文介绍不难发现,市场细分蕴含着两个核心的概念:一是分化;一是差异。
国际营销英文18版市场细分
国际营销英文18版市场细分
市场细分(Market Segmentation)是指将市场划分为若干个具有共同特点的细分市场,以便更好地满足不同消费者群体的需求。
在国际营销中,市场细分具有重要意义,可以帮助企业针对不同市场细分群体的特征,制定更具针对性的营销策略。
根据国际市场细分的方法和原则,常见的细分方式有以下几种:
1. 地理细分(Geographic Segmentation):根据不同地理位置的国家、地区、城市等划分细分市场。
2. 人口细分(Demographic Segmentation):根据不同人口特征如年龄、性别、职业、收入等划分细分市场。
3. 行为细分(Behavioral Segmentation):根据消费者的购买行为、使用习惯、购买意愿等划分细分市场。
4. 心理细分(Psychographic Segmentation):根据消费者的个性特点、价值观、生活方式等划分细分市场。
5. 文化细分(Cultural Segmentation):根据消费者所属的文化群体、国家习俗、宗教信仰等划分细分市场。
以上是常见的国际市场细分方法,企业可以根据自身产品特点和市场需求选择适合的细分方式,并结合市场调研数据和市场分析,制定相应的营销策略,以实现市场细分目标。
市场营销课件Marketsegmentation,targeting,andpositioning课
Market segmentation:
Levels of market segmentation
• Each customer have his or her different needs and wants, so ideally sellers might design a separate marketing program individually
• Many companies are localizing their products, advertising, promotion, and sales efforts to fit the needs of individual regions, or cities.
• Other companies are seeking to cultivate as-yet untapped territory.
Mass marketing
Segment marketing
Niche marketing
Compleeting
• Mass marketing:
➢For most of the 1900s, major consumer products companies held fast to mass marketing
Demographic segmentation
• Demographic segmentation is the most popular method to segment the market
• There are several variables to conduct demographic segmentation
• Niche marketing
市场细分MARKET SEGMENTATION
率、忠诚程度、购买准备阶段、态度。
5. 受益细分:追求的具体利益、产品带来的益处,如质
量、价格、品位等。
市场细分的基本原理与依据
1. 市场是商品交换关系的总和,本身可以细分
2. 消费者异质需求的存在
3. 企业在不同方面具备自身优势
市场细分的作用
细分市场不是根据产品品种、产品系列来进行的,而是从消费者( 指最终消费者和工业生产者)的角度进行划分的,是根据市场细分的理论基础,即消费者的需求、动机、购买行为的多元性和差异性来划分的。通过市场细分对企业的生产、营销起着极其重要的作用。
第 1 页 共 32 页
1、有利于选择目标市场和制定市场营销策略。
市场细分后的子市场比较具体,比较容易了解消费者的需求,企业可以根据自己经营思想、方针及生产技术和营销力量,确定自己的服务对象,即目标市场。针对着较小的目标市场,便于制定特殊的营销策略。同时,在细分的市场上,信息容易了解和反馈,一旦消费者的需求发生变化,企业可迅速改变营销策略,制定相应的对策,以适应市场需求的变化,提高企业的应变能力和竞争力。
market segmentation
市场细分的含义
市场细分(market segmentation)是指营销者通过市场调研,依据消费者的需要和欲望、购买行为和购买习惯等方面的差异,把某一产品的市场整体划分为若干消费者群的市场分类过程。每一个消费者群就是一个细分市场,每一个细分市场都是具有类似需求倾向的消费者构成的群体。
? 细分消费者市场的基础
1. 地理细分:国家、地区、城市、农村、气候、地形
2. 人口细分:年龄、性别、职业、收入、教育、家庭人
口、家庭类型、家庭生命周期、国籍、民族、宗教、
市场营销专业术语中英文对照标准翻译
市场营销专业术语中英文对照标准翻译在市场营销专业中,以下是一些常见的术语及其中英文对照翻译:
1. 市场营销 - Marketing
2. 目标市场 - Target Market
3. 市场细分 - Market Segmentation
4. 品牌定位 - Brand Positioning
5. 市场调研 - Market Research
6. 市场份额 - Market Share
7. 市场营销策略 - Marketing Strategy
8. 市场营销环境 - Marketing Environment
9. 市场营销 mix - Marketing Mix
10. 产品定价 - Product Pricing
11. 市场营销推广 - Marketing Promotion
12. 市场营销计划 - Marketing Plan
13. 渠道管理 - Channel Management
14. 品牌价值 - Brand Value
15. 竞争分析 - Competitive Analysis
16. 销售预测 - Sales Forecasting
17. 市场营销活动 - Marketing Campaign
18. 市场营销目标 - Marketing Objectives
19. 市场份额增长 - Market Share Growth
20. 市场定位 - Market Positioning
这些术语可以帮助您理解和沟通市场营销的概念和策略。
请注意,有时候术语的翻译可能存在一定的灵活性,具体使用时需要结合实际情境和语境进行理解。
STP理论(市场目标定位)
什么是STP理论?市场细分(Market Segmentation)的概念是美国营销学家温德尔·史密斯(Wended Smith)在1956年最早提出的,此后,美国营销学家菲利浦·科特勒进一步发展和完善了温德尔·史密斯的理论并最终形成了成熟的STP理论(市场细分(Segmentation)目标市场选择(Targeting)和市场定位(Positioning))。
它是战略营销的核心内容。
STP理论中的S、T、P分别是Segmenting、Targeting、Positioning三个英文单词的缩写,即市场细分、目标市场和市场定位的意思。
[编辑]STP理论的内容要义STP理论的根本要义在于选择确定目标消费者或客户,或称市场定位理论。
根据STP理论,市场是一个综合体,是多层次、多元化的消费需求集合体,任何企业都无法满足所有的需求,企业应该根据不同需求、购买力等因素把市场分为由相似需求构成的消费群,即若干子市场。
这就是市场细分。
企业可以根据自身战略和产品情况从子市场中选取有一定规模和发展前景,并且符合公司的目标和能力的细分市场作为公司的目标市场。
随后,企业需要将产品定位在目标消费者所偏好的位置上,并通过一系列营销活动向目标消费者传达这一定位信息,让他们注意到品牌,并感知到这就是他们所需要的。
STP理论是指企业在一定的市场细分的基础上,确定自己的目标市场,最后把产品或服务定位在目标市场中的确定位置上。
具体而言,市场细分是指根据顾客需求上的差异把某个产品或服务的市场逐一细分的过程。
目标市场是指企业从细分后的市场中选择出来的决定进入的细分市场,也是对企业最有利的市场组成部分。
而市场定位就是在营销过程中把其产品或服务确定在目标市场中的一定位置上,即确定自己产品或服务在目标市场上的竞争地位,也叫“竞争性定位”。
[编辑]营销学中的STP现代市场营销理论的核心就是STP营销,它包括三要素:市场细分(market segmentation)目标市场(market targeting)市场定位(market positioning)[编辑]市场细分市场细分的概念是美国市场学家温德尔·史密斯(Wendell R.Smith)于20世纪50年代中期提出来的。
营销和广告术语中英对照
营销和广告术语中英对照1. 目标市场 - Target market2. 品牌 - Brand3. 定位 - Positioning4. 价值主张 - Value proposition5. 市场细分 - Market segmentation6. 目标客户 - Target customer7. 市场调研 - Market research8. 竞争分析 - Competitive analysis9. 市场份额 - Market share10. 营销策略 - Marketing strategy11. 售价 - Selling price12. 产品生命周期 - Product life cycle13. 市场渗透 - Market penetration14. 品牌意识 - Brand awareness15. 客户满意度 - Customer satisfaction16. 客户忠诚度 - Customer loyalty17. 市场营销 - Marketing18. 广告宣传 - Advertising19. 销售促销 - Sales promotion20. 市场定价 - Pricing strategy21. 产品差异化 - Product differentiation22. 市场占有率 - Market share23. 市场推广 - Market promotion24. 线下营销 - Offline marketing25. 线上营销 - Online marketing26. 品牌形象 - Brand image27. 市场份额 - Market share28. 社交媒体营销 - Social media marketing29. 品牌认知 - Brand recognition30. 市场竞争 - Market competition营销和广告领域中的术语对于企业来说至关重要,它们能够帮助企业更好地理解和规划市场策略,提高品牌知名度,推动销售增长。
市场营销课件:第4章 segmentation
After evaluating different segments, the company must now decide which and how many segments to serve. This is the
problem of target market selection
Company Resources公司资源
design, such as cameras and
automobiles, are
Product Variability产品多样性
more suited to differentiation or
concentration
Product’s Stage in the Life Cycle
Age& life cycle年龄和生 命周期
Gender性别 Income收入
7
1.1.3心理细分Segmentation Criteria— Psychographic
Divides Buyers Into Different Groups Based on:
8
1.1.4 行为细分Segmentation Criteria—
3
市场定位的步骤Steps in Market Segmentation,
Targeting, and Positioning(STP)
1.Market Segmentation市场细分 1.1. 选定市场细分变量Identify bases for segmenting the market 1.2. 确认每个细分部分的特点Develop segment profiles
Market Variability市场多样性
Market segmentation is the process of dividing a market up into different groups of customers
Market segmentationMarket segmentation is the process of dividing a market up into different groups of customers, in order to create different products to meet their specific needs. It is very important for companies to succeed, there are 4 different types of Market segmentation which are demographic, psychographic, geographic and behavioural.Demographic segmentation involves dividing the population into discrete segment either by age, some organisations develop specific products aimed at particular age groups for example the Next clothes firm when they plan to launch a new trendy clothes then they should segment the market to find out that young people should be their customers. Gender segmentation is commonly used within the cosmetics, clothing, and magazine industries for example cosmetics from Estée Lauder Company only specifically aimed at women, they segment the market into men and women. By family size, The Addams Family which is a breakfast cereals company from America, which provides a service to send breakfast, they are using family size segmentation to segment different sizes of different families to send the most suitable breakfast cereals. The Rolex watches company is doing it a different way to segment the market into different income groups, for example, almost all their products sell to a high level income group. By occupation, Harrison Beaumont insurance company which make their insurance only for the drivers. Products and services are also aimed at different lifecycle segments,builders might use family life cycle to segment the market for condominiums. It should be noted that family life cycle is somewhat dated and many people do not fit into any of the categories.Psychographic segmentation is about the different personality and mentality of consumption There are 3 types of the Psychographic segmentation which are lifestyle, social class, and personality characteristics. Lifestyle segmentation consider the way people live as a target. Personality segmentation aims to examine the particular personalities, for example Mastermind Japan which is a famous fashion company, clothes are aimed at young and outgoing people. Social class segmentation divides social levels into 6 groups, professional staff, middle management , junior management, skilled manual, semi-skilled and unskilled workers and those dependenton the state. For example, all of professional staff choose the Financial Times which is 2 pounds for each, because they can find lots of useful information there.Behavioural segmentation divides people into different groups based on the way they think about or use of a brand. It can be broken down into 3 groups, occasion, usage rate and loyalty. Occasion mean when a products is consumed. Usage rate divides customers into light, medium and heavy users. Loyalty means that you buy the product from one brand all the time. For example, there are two pairs of shoes one is from Nike and the other one is from Adidas, some people will buy Nike but not Adidas because they have an unchanged behaviour.Geographic segmentation is a simple form of market segmentation, which means to segment customers into different groups by different regions they live, population, income per head, trade carried out by the country and the nature of competition in the market. For example, Evian pure water will not put lots of money to promote it in some backward places, it considered the market where can maximize their profit.。
STP理论(市场目标定位)
什么是STP理论?市场细分(Market Segmentation)的概念是美国营销学家温德尔·史密斯(Wended Smith)在1956年最早提出的,此后,美国营销学家菲利浦·科特勒进一步发展和完善了温德尔·史密斯的理论并最终形成了成熟的STP理论(市场细分(Segmentation)目标市场选择(Targeting)和市场定位(Positioning))。
它是战略营销的核心内容。
STP理论中的S、T、P分别是Segmenting、Targeting、Positioning三个英文单词的缩写,即市场细分、目标市场和市场定位的意思。
[编辑]STP理论的内容要义STP理论的根本要义在于选择确定目标消费者或客户,或称市场定位理论。
根据STP理论,市场是一个综合体,是多层次、多元化的消费需求集合体,任何企业都无法满足所有的需求,企业应该根据不同需求、购买力等因素把市场分为由相似需求构成的消费群,即若干子市场。
这就是市场细分。
企业可以根据自身战略和产品情况从子市场中选取有一定规模和发展前景,并且符合公司的目标和能力的细分市场作为公司的目标市场。
随后,企业需要将产品定位在目标消费者所偏好的位置上,并通过一系列营销活动向目标消费者传达这一定位信息,让他们注意到品牌,并感知到这就是他们所需要的。
STP理论是指企业在一定的市场细分的基础上,确定自己的目标市场,最后把产品或服务定位在目标市场中的确定位置上。
具体而言,市场细分是指根据顾客需求上的差异把某个产品或服务的市场逐一细分的过程。
目标市场是指企业从细分后的市场中选择出来的决定进入的细分市场,也是对企业最有利的市场组成部分。
而市场定位就是在营销过程中把其产品或服务确定在目标市场中的一定位置上,即确定自己产品或服务在目标市场上的竞争地位,也叫“竞争性定位”。
[编辑]营销学中的STP现代市场营销理论的核心就是STP营销,它包括三要素:市场细分(market segmentation)目标市场(market targeting)市场定位(market positioning)[编辑]市场细分市场细分的概念是美国市场学家温德尔·史密斯(Wendell R.Smith)于20世纪50年代中期提出来的。
《市场营销学(第11版)》教材各章节主要名词英汉对照
《市场营销学(第11版)》教材各章节主要名词英汉对照Part 1: Defining Marketingand the Marketing Process P. 8 Chapter 1: Marketing: Creating and Capturing Customer Value P. 81.Marketing市场营销2.Needs需要3.Wants欲望4.Demands需求5.Marketing offering市场供给物6.Marketing myopia营销近视症7.Exchange交换8.Market市场9.Marketing management 营销管理10.Production concept 生产观念11.Product concept产品观念12.Selling concept销售观念13.Marketing concept市场营销观念14.Societal marketing concept社会营销观念15.Customer relationship management 客户关系管理16.Customer-perceived value顾客感知价值17.Customer satisfaction顾客满意18.Customer-generated marketing消费者自主营销19.Partner relationship management 合作伙伴关系营销20.Customer lifetime value顾客终身价值21.Share of customer顾客份额22.Customer equity顾客资产23.Internet互联网24.Globalization 国际化25.Marketing process营销过程Chapter 2: Company and Marketing Strategy: Partnering to Build Customer Relationships P. 3626.Strategic planning战略规划27.Mission statement企业使命28.Business portfolio业务组合29.Portfolio 投资组合,有价证券30.Portfolio analysis 投资组合分析31.Growth-share matrix 成长占有率矩阵32.Product/market expansion grid产品/市场扩展矩阵33.Market development市场开发34.Product development产品开发35.Diversification多元化36.Downsizing 精简37.Value chain价值链38.Value delivery network价值传递网络39.Marketing strategy营销战略40.Market segmentation市场细分41.Market targeting目标市场定位42.Positioning市场定位43.Differentiation 差异化44.Marketing mix营销组合45.SWOT analysis SWOT分析,态势分析发,优劣势分析法46.Marketing implementation营销执行47.Marketing control 营销控制48.Marketing audit营销审计49.Return on marketing investment (or marketing ROI)营销投资收益率Part 2: Understanding the Marketplace and Consumers P. 58 Chapter 3: Analyzing the Marketing Environment P. 5850.Marketing environment 市场环境51.Microenvironment微观环境52.Macroenviroment宏观环境53.Marketing intermediaries营销中间商54.Public公众55.Demography 人口统计56.Baby boomers婴儿潮世代57.Generation X X世代lennials(or Generation Y)千禧世代(Y世代)59.Economic environment经济环境60.Engel’s laws恩格尔法则61.Natural environment自然环境62.Technological environment技术环境63.Political environment政治环境64.Cultural environment文化环境Chapter 4: Managing Marketing Information to Gain Customer Insights P. 8265.Customer insights顾客洞察力66.Marketing information system (MIS)市场信息系统67.Internal database内部数据库68.Marketing intelligence营销情报69.Exploratory research探索性调研70.Descriptive research描述性调研71.Causal research因果性调研72.Secondary data二手数据mercial online database商业在线数据库74.Observational research观察式调研75.Ethnographic research民族志调研76.Survey research询问式调研77.Experimental research实验室调研78.Focus group interviewing 焦点小组访谈79.Online marketing research 在线营销调研80.Online focus group在线焦点小组81.Sample样本82.Customer relationship management (CRM)客户关系管理83.Questionnaire 调查问卷Chapter 5: Understanding Consumer and Business Buyer Behavior P. 10884.Culture文化85.Subculture亚文化86.Social class 社会阶层87.Group 团队88.Opinion leader 意见团队89.Online social networks 在线文化网络90.Lifestyle 生活方式91.Personality 个性92.Motive(Drive)动机(驱动力)93.Perception感知94.Learning学习95.Belief信念96.Attitude态度97.Cognitive dissonance 认知失调98.New product 新产品99.Adoption process 采用过程100.Business buyer behavior 产业购买者行为101.Derived demand 派生需求102.Straight rebuy 直接重购103.Modified rebuy 修订重购买104.New task 新任务105.Systems selling(or solutions selling)系统销售(解决方案营销)106.Buying center 采购中心107.Value analysis 价值分析Part 3: Designing a Customer-DrivenMarketing Strategy and Mix P. 138 Chapter 6: Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy: Creating Value for Target Customers P. 138108.Market segmentation 市场细分109.Market targeting(targeting)目标市场选择110.Differentiation 差异化111.Positioning 市场定位112.Geographic segmentation 地理细分113.Demographic segmentation 人口细分114.Age and life-cycle segmentation 年龄和生命周期细分115.Gender segmentation 性别细分116.Income segmentation 收入细分117.Psychographic segmentation 心里细分118.Behavior segmentation 行为细分119.Occasion segmentation 时机细分120.Benefit segmentation 利益细分121.Customer loyalty 顾客忠诚度122.Intermarket segmentation 跨国市场细分123.Target market 目标市场124.Undifferentiated (mass)marketing 无差异营销(大众营销)125.Differentiated (segmented)marketing 差异化营销(细分营销)126.Concentrated ()marketing 集中营销(利基营销)127.Micromarketing 微观营销128.Local marketing 地区营销129.Individual marketing 个性化营销130.Production position 产品定位petitive advantage 竞争优势132.Value proposition 价值主张133.Positioning statement 定位陈述Chapter 7: Products, Services, and Brands: Building Customer Value P. 164134.Product 产品135.Service 服务136.Customer product 消费品137.Convenience product 便利品138.Shopping product 选购品139.Specialty product 特殊品140.Unsought product 非渴求品141.Industrial product 产业用品142.Social marketing 社会营销143.Product quality 产品质量144.Brand 品牌145.Packaging 包装146.Product line 产品线147.Product mix (or product portfolio)产品组合148.Brand equity 品牌资产149.Store brand (or private brand)中间商品牌(自有品牌)150.Co-branding 合作品牌151.Line extension 产品延伸线152.Brand extension 品牌延伸153.Service intangibility服务的无形性154.Service inseparability服务的不可分离性155.Service variability服务的易变性156.Service perishability服务的易逝性157.Service-profit chain服务利润链158.Internal marketing 内部营销159.Interactive marketing 互动营销Chapter 8: Developing New-Product and Managing the Life-Cycle P. 192 160.New-product development 新产品开发战略161.Idea generation 产生创意162.Idea screening 筛选创意163.Product concept 产品观念164.Concept testing 概念测试165.Marketing strategy development 营销战略开发166.Business analysis 商业分析167.Product development 产品开发168.Test marketing 试销mercialization 商业化170.Customer-centered new-product development 以顾客为中心的新产品开发171.Team-based new-product development 基于团队的新产品开发172.Product life cycle 产品生命周期173.Style 风格174.Fashion 时尚175.Fad 热潮176.Introduction stage 导入期177.Growth stage 成长期178.Maturity stage 成熟期179.Decline stage 衰退期Chapter 9: Pricing:Understanding and Capturing Customer Value P. 212 180.Price价格181.Value-based pricing 价值导向定价182.Good-value pricing 最优价值定价183.Value-added pricing 价值增值定价184.Cost-based pricing 成本导向定价185.Fixed costs 固定成本186.Valuable costs 变动成本187.Total costs 总成本188.Cost-plus pricing 成本加成定价189.Break-even pricing (target profit pricing)盈亏平衡定价(目标利润定价)190.Target costing 目标成本法191.Demand curve 需求曲线192.Price elasticity 价格弹性193.Market-skimming pricing 市场撇脂定价194.High-definition television (HDTV)高清电视195.Market-penetration pricing 市场渗透定价196.Optional-product pricing 附属产品定价197.By-product pricing 副产品定价198.Product bundle pricing 产品捆绑定价199.Discount 折扣200.Allowance 折让201.Segmentation pricing 细分定价202.Psychological pricing 心理定价203.Reference pricing 参考定价204.Promotional pricing 促销定价205.Geographical pricing 地理定价206.Dynamic pricing 动态定价Chapter 10: Marketing Channels: Delivering Customer Value P. 242 207.Value delivery network 价值传递网络208.Marketing channel (distribution channel)营销渠道(分销渠道)209.Channel level 渠道层级210.Direct marketing channel 直接营销渠道211.Channel conflict 渠道冲突212.Conventional distribution channel 传统分销渠道213.Vertical marketing system (VMS)垂直营销系统214.Corporate VMS公司VMS(垂直营销系统)215.Contractual VMS 合同式VMS (垂直营销系统)216.Franchise organization 特许经营组织217.Administered VMS 管理式VMS (垂直营销系统)218.Horizontal marketing system 水平营销系统219.Multichannel distribution system 多渠道分销系统220.Disintermediation 去中介化221.Marketing channel design 营销渠道设计222.Intensive distribution 密集分销223.Exclusive distribution 独家分销224.Selective distribution 选择性分销225.Marketing channel management 营销渠道管理226.Marketing logistics (physical distribution)营销物流(物流)227.Supply chain management 供应链管理228.Distribution center 分销中心229.Intermodal transportation 多式联运230.Integrated logistics management 整合物流管理231.Third-party logistics (3PL)provider 第三方物流供应商Chapter 11: Retailing and Wholesaling P. 262232.Retailing 零售233.Specialty store 专卖店234.Department store 百货商店235.Supermarket 超级市场236.Convenience store 便利店237.Superstore 超级商店238.Category killer 品类杀手239.Service retailer 服务零售店240.Discount store 折扣商店241.Off-price retailer 廉价零售店242.Independent off-price retailer 独立廉价零售商243.Factory outlet 工厂直营店244.Warehouse club 仓储俱乐部245.Chain store 连锁店246.Franchise 特许经营247.Shopping center 购物中心248.Wheel-of-retailing concept 零售轮转理论249.Wholesaling 批发250.Wholesaler 批发商251.Merchant wholesaler252.Broker253.Agent254.Manufacturer’s sales branches and offices 制造商的销售分发机构和办事处Chapter 12: Communicating Customer Value: Advertising and Public Relations P. 294255.Promotion mix (Marketing Communication Mix)营销组合(营销沟通组合)256.Advertising 广告257.Sales promotion 销售促进258.Personal selling 人员推销259.Public relations 公告关系260.Direct marketing 直复营销261.Integrated marketing communication (IMC)整合营销沟通262.Push strategy 推式战略263.Pull strategy 拉式战略264.Advertising objective 广告目标265.Advertising budget 广告预算266.Affordable method 量力而行法267.Percentage-of-sale method 销售百分比法petitive-parity method 竞争对等法269.Objective-and-task method 目标任务法270.Advertising strategy 广告战略271.Madison & Vine 麦迪逊大街和好莱坞藤街272.Creative concept 创意概念273.Execution style 创作文体274.Advertising media 广告媒体275.Return on advertising investment 广告投资收益率276.Advertising agency 广告代理商277.Public relation 公共关系Chapter 13: Personal Selling and Sales Promotion P. 324278.Personal selling 人员推销279.Salesperson 销售人员280.Sale force management 销售队伍管理281.Territorial sales force structure 地域型销售组织机构282.Product sales force structure 产品型销售组织机构283.Customer sales force structure 顾客型销售组织机构284.Outside sales force (or field sales force)外部销售队伍(现场销售队伍)285.Inside sales force 内部销售队伍286.Team selling 团队销售287.Sales quota 销售定额288.Selling process 销售过程289.Prospection 寻找线索290.Preapproach 事先调查291.Approach 接触访问292.Presentation 展示293.Handling objection 排除异议294.Closing 完成交易295.Follow-up 后续工作296.Sales promotion 销售促进297.Customer promotions 消费者销售促进298.Event marketing 事件营销299.Trade promotion 贸易销售促进300.Business promotions 商业销售促进Chapter 14: Direct and Online Marketing: Building Direct Customer Relationships P. 348301.Direct marketing 直复营销302.Customer database 顾客数据库303.Direct-mail marketing 直接邮寄营销304.Catalog marketing 目录营销305.Telephone marketing 电话营销306.Direct-response television marketing 电视直销307.Online marketing 在线营销308.Internet 互联网309.Click-only companies 点击企业(即在线交易公司)310.Click-and-mortar companies 虚实结合营销311.Business-to-customer (B2C)online marketing 企业对消费者的在线营销312.Business-to-business (B2B)online marketing企业对企业的在线营销313.Customer-to-customer (C2C)online marketing消费者对消费者的在线营销314.Customer-to-business (C2B)online marketing消费者对企业的在线营销315.Corporate (or brand)Web site 公司(品牌)网站316.Marketing Web site 营销网站317.Online advertising 在线广告318.Viral marketing 病毒营销319.Online social networks 在线社交啊网络320.Spam 垃圾邮件Part 4: Extending Marketing P. 372Chapter 15: The Global Marketplace P. 372321.Global marketplace 全球市场322.Global firm 跨国公司323.Economic community 经济共同体324.Americanization 美国化325.Exporting 出口326.Joint venturing 组建合资公司327.Licensing 许可经营328.Contract manufacturing 合同制造329.Management contracting 合同管理330.Joint ownership 合同所有331.Direct investment 直接投资332.Standardized global marketing 全球标准化营销333.Straight product extension 直接产品延伸334.Product adaptation 产品适应335.Product invention 产品创新munication adaptation 沟通适应337.Whole-channel view 整渠道视野Chapter 16: Sustainable Marketing: Social Responsibility and Ethics P. 394 338.Consumerism 消费者保护主义339.Environmentalism 环境保护主义340.Environmental sustainability 环境可持续发展341.Enlightened marketing 远见营销342.Consumer-oriented marketing 消费者导向营销343.Customer-value marketing 顾客价值营销344.Innovative marketing 创新营销345.Sense-o-mission marketing 使命感营销346.Societal marketing 社会营销347.Deficient product是不完善的产品348.Pleasing products 令人愉快的产品349.Salutary products 有益的产品。
Market Segmentation(市场细分)
Substantial: Refers to the fact that the markets are large and profitable enough to serve
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Requirements for Effective Segmentation
Measurable: Examples include the size, purchasing power, and profiles of the segments Accessible: Refers to the fact that the market can be effectively reached and served
Geographically demographically (industry,company size) benefits sought user status,usage rate,and loyalty status
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Differentiable: Refers to the fact that the markets are conceptually distinguishable and respond differently to marketing mix elements and programs Actionable: Refers to the fact that effective programs can be designed for attracting and serving the segments
市场营销英语词汇
市场营销英语词汇市场营销英语词汇一、市场分析1.市场研究:market research2.调查问卷:survey questionnaire3.竞争对手:competitors4.市场调查:market survey5.消费者需求:consumer demand6.目标市场:target market7.市场规模:market size8.市场份额:market share9.市场细分:market segmentation10.市场定位:market positioning11.市场的机会:market opportunities12.市场威胁:market threats13.市场趋势:market trends14.市场前景:market prospects二、营销策略1.品牌认知:brand awareness2.品牌忠诚度:brand loyalty3.营销策略:marketing strategy4.产品定位:product positioning5.市场定位:market positioning6.目标市场:target market7.竞争优势:competitive advantage8.市场份额:market share9.销售额:sales revenue10.广告费用:advertising costs11.营销预算:marketing budget12.营销组合:marketing mix13.产品价格策略:product pricing strategy14.市场推广策略:marketing promotion strategy15.营销渠道:marketing channels16.口碑营销:word-of-mouth marketing17.网络营销:digital marketing三、销售管理1.销售经理:sales manager2.销售团队:sales team3.销售目标:sales target4.销售预测:sales forecast5.销售数据:sales data6.销售报告:sales report7.销售额:sales revenue8.销售人员绩效:sales performance9.销售技能培训:sales training10.销售策略:sales strategy11.销售渠道:sales channels12.销售推广:sales promotion13.销售方式:sales method14.市场营销:marketing and sales四、客户关系管理1.客户满意度:customer satisfaction2.客户需求:customer needs3.客户关怀:customer care4.客户忠诚度:customer loyalty5.客户服务:customer service6.客户关系管理:customer relationship management7.客户开发:customer development8.增加客户:acquire new customers9.保持客户:retain customers10.客户反馈:customer feedback11.客户投诉:customer complaints12.客户体验:customer experience13.生命周期价值:lifetime value14.客户分类:customer segmentation五、品牌管理1.品牌形象:brand image2.品牌建设:brand building3.品牌价值:brand value4.品牌忠诚度:brand loyalty5.品牌定位:brand positioning6.品牌延伸:brand extension7.品牌重塑:brand repositioning8.品牌保护:brand protection9.品牌战略:brand strategy10.品牌知名度:brand awareness11.品牌差异化:brand differentiation12.品牌推广:brand promotion13.品牌严格控制:brand equity14.品牌形象修复:brand image repair六、新产品开发1.产品开发:product development2.产品创新:product innovation3.产品设计:product design4.产品测试:product testing5.市场测试:market testing6.产品定价:product pricing7.产品包装设计:product packaging design8.产品发布:product launch9.产品开发流程管理:product development process management10.产品研究:product research11.产品管理:product management12.产品线策略:product line strategy13.产品生命周期:product life cycle14.产品特点:product features总结以上是关于市场营销英语词汇的介绍,通过了解这些词汇,可以帮助我们了解市场营销的基本知识和规律,从而更好地制定和实施营销战略,提高企业的竞争力和市场占有率。
market segmentation
的兴趣和口味,并以此为基础向他们发送特定产 品的优惠券,并为他们推荐符合客户口味和健康 状况的卡夫产品食谱。美国的读者文摘 (Reader‘s Digest)出版公司运行着一个积累了40年的业务数 据库,其中容纳有遍布全球的一亿多个订户的资 料,数据库每天24小时连续运行,保证数据不断 得到实 时的更新,正是基于对客户资料数据库进 行数据挖掘的优势,使读者文摘出版公司能够从 通俗杂志扩展到专业杂志、书刊和声像制品的出 版和发行业务,极大地扩展 了自己的业务。 基于数据挖掘的营销对我国当前的市场竞争中 也很具有启发意义,我们经常可以看到繁华商业
就消费者市场而言,细分变量,归纳起来主 要有地理环境因素,人口统计因素,消费心理 因素,消费行为因素,消费受益因素等。
就有了地理细分、人口细分、心理细分、行为细 分、受益细分这五种市场细分的基本本形式。消 费者市场是指为满足自身需要而购买的一切个人 和家庭构成的市场 地理细分:国家、地区、城市、农村、气候、地 形 人口细分:年龄、性别、职业、收入、教育、家 庭人口、家庭类型、家庭生命周期、国籍、民族、 宗教、社会阶层 心理细分:社会阶层、生活方式、个性 行为细分:时机、追求利益、使用者地位、产品。
客户的名字、前景以及其他很多信息输入其中, 营销人员在数据仓库中进行数据挖掘以发现新的 市场细分和利基。之后他们将特定的市场供给品 提供给潜在客户,这是经典的市场细分。
如何利用数据挖掘技术帮助公司 明确细分市场
利用数据挖掘技术、挖掘市场细分数据,进行客户 需求分析,发现市场细分需求规律,利于发现新的市 场机会,开拓新的市场机会。在市场细分中,可以根 据自身的经营优势,集中力量满足特定市场的需求, 制订有效的市场营销策略。通过市场细分,选择一 个目标市场,并根据该市场的特点制订出相应的营 销策略。利于提高企业的竞争能力。针对目标市 场,集中人、财、物等资源,发挥自身优势,从而取 得最大的经济效益
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Target Market
• A market is a set of all actual and potential buyers • A target market is a group of people toward whom a firm markets its goods, services, or ideas with a strategy designed to satisfy their specific needs and preferences. • Any marketing strategy must include a detailed
Linking the Concepts
• Using the segmentation bases you’ve just
heard about, segment the Hangzhou hotel
market.
>Describe each of the major segments and
sub-segments.
• Effective programs can be designed to attract and serve the segments.
Actionable
Steps in Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning
6. Develop Marketing Mix for Each Target Segment
Nations, states, regions or cities
Demographic
Age, gender, family size and life cycle, or income
Psychographic
Social class, lifestyle, or personality
Behavioural
Requirements for Effective Segmentation
Measurable
• Size, purchasing power, profiles of segments can be measured.
Accessible
• Segments can be effectively reached and served.
Market Targeting
1. Identify Bases for Segmenting the Market
Market Segmentation
Step 1. Market Segmentation
Bases for Segmenting Consumer Markets
Geographic
• Segment Structural Attractiveness
– Consider effects of: Competitors, Availability of Substitute Products and, the Power of Buyers & Suppliers.
• Company Objectives and Resources
5. Develop Positioning for Each Target Segment
Market Positioning
4. Select Target Segment(s)
3. Develop Selection Criteria 2. Develop Profiles of Resulting Segments
Occasions, benefits sought, user status, usage rate, loyalty
Step 1. Market Segmentation
Bases for Segmenting Hotel Markets
Personal Characteristics
Demographics
• How does each company you choose differentiate its marketing offer and image? • How has each done a good job of establishing this differentiation in the minds of targeted consumers?
Step 3. Positioning for Competitive Advantage
• Product’s Position - the way the product is defined by consumers on important attributes - the place the product occupies in consumers’ minds relative to competing products.
segments attractiveness and selecting one or more
segments to enter • Positioning is arranging for a product to occupy a clear,
distinctive and desirable place relative to competing
Step 2. Market Targeting
Evaluating Market Segments (developing selection criteria) • Segment Size and Growth
– Analyze sales, growth rates and expected profitability for various segments.
A. Undifferentiated Marketing
Market
Company Marketing Mix 1 Company Marketing Mix 2 Company Marketing Mix 3
B. Differentiated Marketing
Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3
Identify and describe the major variables for
consumer segmentation Outline how companies select target markets and implement segmentation strategies Show how market segmentation and the
marketing mix are interlinked in the positioning
strategy
The STP Process
• Segmentation is the process of classifying customers into groups which share some common characteristic • Targeting involves the process of evaluating each
Company Marketing Mix
Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3
C. Concentrated Marketing
Step 2. Market Targeting
Choosing a Market-Coverage Strategy
Company Resources Product Variability Product’s Life-Cycle Stage Market Variability
(specific) description of this.
Advantages of Segmentation
1. The process of breaking up a homogeneous market (同质 市场)into heterogeneous segments(异质市场) forces the marketer to analyse and consider both the needs of the market and the company’s ability to competently serve those needs – thereby making the company better informed about its customers 2. Competitor offerings and marketing positioning must also be analysed in this context so the company must consider what its competitive advantages and disadvantages are, helping it to clarify its own positioning strategy 3. Limited resources are used to best advantage, targeted at those segments that offer the best potential
UNIT FOUR Hotel Market Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning
Lesson Objectives
Summarise the relationship between market segmentation, targeting and positioning
– Company skills & resources relative to the segment(s). – Look for Competitive Advantages.