华东师范大学2014年研究生入学试题

华东师大中文系考研真题(2003—2016)

华东师大中文系考研真题(2003—2016）华东师范大学2016年中国现当代文学考研真题完整版（和古代文学同一张卷子）一、填空1.汤显祖《邯郸记》取材于唐代作家____的传奇_____2.清初浙西词派所谓“家白石而户玉田”指的是____和_____3.1918年_____在《建设的文学革命论》一文中提出了“国语的文学，文学的国语”。

4.巴赫金移用了音乐术语_____概括陀思妥耶夫斯基小说的诗学特征。

5.1913年,泰戈尔因诗集______获诺贝尔文学奖。

二、名词解释（每题6分）1. 玄言诗2. 《河岳英灵集》3. 文学研究会4. 陌生化5. 日本“私小说”三、简答（每题15分）1. 晚明公安派代表人物及理论主张有哪些？2. 结合作品谈谈汪曾祺小说的特点3. 比较柏拉图与亚里士多德对“诗”的不同态度4. 简述荣格“集体无意识”和弗洛伊德“无意识”这两个概念的异同四、论述（4选2，每题25分）1.《庄子》与《韩非子》中寓言故事有何差异？结合具体内容加以分析2.结合作品谈谈你对沈从文文学世界里城里人和乡下人的理解3.什么是雅文学？什么是俗文学？谈二者关系4.哈姆雷特与堂吉柯德作为两个典型人文主义形象，一直广受关注。

海涅第一次将两者联系起来，谈讨理想与现实、思想与行动之间的关系。

屠格涅夫在《哈姆雷特与堂吉柯德》中提出：“这两个典型体现着人类天性中的两个根本对立的特性”。

结合你自己的阅读感受，谈谈如何理解和评价这两个比较。

作文大作文是“人间有味是清欢”，小作文是写《项链》女主人公的一段心理活动。

2015华东师范大学中文系考研真题一、填空（每题2分，共10分）1、白朴杂剧《梧桐雨》的命名取自白居易《长恨歌》中的诗句_________。

2、李清照的词因其独特的艺术风格而被称为_______。

3、吴荪莆系茅盾先生创作于1930年代的著名长篇小说________的主人公。

4、意大利学者维柯在他与1725年出版的代表作_________中提出了“诗性智慧”这一重要概念。

2014华东师范大学高等代数初试试题

i
7. (15′ )
A 为幂零矩阵 (即存在正整数 m, 使得 Am = O), ∞ ∑ Ai 定义 exp(A) = . 证明 exp(A) 可逆, 且 exp(A)−1 = exp(−A). i!
i=0
8.(1Βιβλιοθήκη ′ )设 n 阶矩阵 A 半正定, 存在正整数 m, 使得 Am = En . 1) 求 A; 2) 若将题中 “半正定” 改为 “半负定”, 你能得出什么结论?
华东师范大学数学系 2014 年研究生入学初试高等代数 (回忆)
January 6, 2014 a2 + m ba ca da 2 ab b +m cb db 计算行列式 . ac bc c2 + m dc ad bd cd d2 + m
1. (15′ )
2. (15′ ) A ∈ Mm×n (F ), B ∈ Mm×1 (F ), 则方程组 AT AX = AT B 一定有解. 3. (15′ ) A ∈ Mn (C), 特征值各不相同.C (A) = {B ∈ Mn (C)|AB = BA}. 1) 验证 C (A) 为 Mn (C) 线性子空间; 2) 任意 B ,C ∈ C (A), 有 BC = CB . 1 1 1 . 写出 A 的特征多项式, 特征值, 特征向量, 4. (20′ ) A = 3 3 并写出所有 A -不变子空间. 5. (15′ ) V 是 n 维欧氏空间, e1 , e2 , · · · , en 为一组基向量, 且 (ei , ej ) ⩽ 0, i ̸= j . 1) 存在非零向量 ∑ v ∈ V , 使得 (ei , v ) ⩾ 0, ∀i; 2) 若 α = ai ei 满足 1), 证明 ai ⩾ 0; i ∑ 3) 若另一非零向量 β = bi ei 也满足 1), 取 ci = min{ai , bi }, 则 i ∑ γ= ci ei 也满足 1). −2 1 1 −2 1 .. ′ 为 n 阶矩阵,特征多项式为 fn (λ). . 1 −2 6. (25 ) A = .. .. . . 1 1 −2 1) 证明 fn (λ) = (λ + 2)fn−1 (λ) − fn−2 (λ); 2) 写出 f1 (λ), f2 (λ), f3 (λ), 并求出相应的特征值与特征向量; 3) 写出 A 的若当典范型. 1

2014年华东师范大学翻译硕士真题及答案

2014年华东师范大学翻译硕士真题及答案真题是考研复习中含金量最高的辅导材料，真题的利用对于提高复习效率具有至关重要的作用。

一般来说，时间和精力有限，建议考生重点做近十年的真题。

凯程考研整理各高校历年考研真题，希望能帮大家更好的复习!2014年华东师范大学翻译硕士真题及答案I. Phrase Translation1) 社会的道德和心理底线2) 宏观调控体系3) 农村扶贫标准4) 衣食住行用条件5) 基层民主6) 人民的精神文化生活7) 有利的国际环境8) 现代文化市场体系9) 财税体系10) 中华文化走出去11) 社会核心价值体系12) 各类市场主体13) 利率和汇率市场化14) 双边、多变开放合作15) 国家法制统一、尊严、权威16) trade term17) indicative price18) customs valuation19) AFTA (ASEAN free trade area)20) special preferences21) Commit No Nuisance22) No Angling23) caravansary24) high comfort hotel25) deluxe hotel26) concourse27) sleeper with couchettes28) film industry cinematograph29) board of census30) distributorII. Passage translation汉译英(60分)Section A Chinese to English明代绘画明代(1368-1644)社会政治经济稳定，文化艺术更加发达，出现了一些以地区为中心的名家与流派，各成体系，各个画科都得到全面发展。

明代中期(1506-1620)，随着工商业的发展，作为纺织业中心的苏州逐渐成为江南富庶的大都市，文化繁荣，文人荟萃，此地区画家逐渐成为画坛的主力。

2014年华东师范大学347应用心理硕士真题

2014年华东师范大学347应用心理硕士真题回忆版来自互联网研友分享，感谢热心回复的学长学姐。

回报社会~及时回忆今早华东师大347的考题~ 名词解释和简答记得不全，希望有人来补充一下~华师的真题每年10月份图书馆才能复印或者邮寄，所以感谢历年学长学姐回忆的真题！今年考了历年一道一模一样的真题：毕生发展观！第二类错误也是之前考过的第一类错误的极其相关知识！所以大家一定要认真琢磨这几套真题啊！！！先上考题，后面附上一些感受。

答题纸是17页的空白（一页就是一张信纸大小），需要自己写选择答案，写清题号。

我大概写了9页。

一、选择30道。

放上记得的一些题。

(普心)先哭后悲伤–詹姆斯兰格月亮跟云动–诱发运动（统计）标准正态分布平均数方差数列每个乘5，哪个统计量不变（测量）离差智商–韦氏智力量表（管理）科学管理–泰勒第一本管理心理学–利维特二、名词解释8个第二类错误；心理契约；习得性无助；双眼视差；操作性条件反射；自我实现；观察学习；投射法三、简答8题每个10分①弗洛伊德的人格理论。

②组织冲突的管理策略。

③简述记忆信息加工过程中的三个记忆过程及其特征。

④毕生发展观的观点。

⑤平均数抽样分布的原理和~ 忘了第二问⑥资酬激励的原则⑦责任分散的原因和影响⑧简述感觉剥夺实验，并分析感觉的作用四、辨析 3题每个20分①结合双生子相关研究，说明遗传和环境对智力的影响。

②温州患者杀死医生事件，引起讨论，有人同情医生，有人揭发患者杀人“阴谋”，甚至有人觉得医生应当进行行业反思。

结合社会心理学，结合实际，至少用2个以上理论进行分析。

③运用认知和发展的理论，对当今儿童教育中早期智力开发进行评述。

五、案例分析或解答题 3题①诊断结果；诊断依据；治疗方法。

---主要是遗病症状，20岁左右开始，就医39岁。

不工作，在家与亲戚住。

还有一小段补充材料，该男子对第一任妻子很依赖，性生活不感兴趣；妻子病逝后3个月情绪低沉；第二任妻子年纪比自己小，不能满足她的性生活。

华东师范大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2014年

华东师范大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2014年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Ⅰ．词语翻译 (总题数：2，分数：30.00)请将下列词语译成英语（分数：15.00）(1).社会的道德和心理底线（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：社会的道德和心理底线social mentality and baseline of psychology(2).宏观调控体系（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：宏观调控体系macro-control system(3).农村扶贫标准（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：农村扶贫标准standard of rural poverty alleviation project(4).衣食住行用条件（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：衣食住行用条件basic necessities(5).基层民主（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：基层民主democracy at the grassroots level(6).人民的精神文化生活（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：人民的精神文化生活the spiritual and cultural life of the people(7).有利的国际环境（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：有利的国际环境favorable international environment(8).现代文化市场体系（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：现代文化市场体系modem cultural market system(9).财税体系（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：财税体系financial system(10).中华文化走出去（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：中华文化走出去the Chinese culture"s "going abroad"(11).社会核心价值体系（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：社会核心价值体系social core value system(12).各类市场主体（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：各类市场主体various market entities(13).利率和汇率市场化（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：利率和汇率市场化marketization of interest rate and exchange rate(14).双边、多边开放合作（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：双边、多边开放合作bilateral and multi-lateral open cooperation(15).国家法制统一、尊严、权威（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：国家法制统一、尊严、权威unity, dignity and authority of national legal system请将下列词语译成汉语（分数：15.00）(1).trade term（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：trade term贸易术语(2).indicative price（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：indicative price指示性价格(3).customs valuation（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：customs valuation海关估价(4).AFTA (ASEAN free trade area)（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：AFTA (ASEAN free trade area)东盟自由贸易区(5).special preferences（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：special preferences特惠(6).Commit No Nuisance（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Commit No Nuisance禁止小便(7).No Angling（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：No Angling禁止垂钓(8).caravansary（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：caravansary商队旅馆(9).high comfort hotel（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：high comfort hotel高级饭店(10).deluxe hotel（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：deluxe hotel豪华酒店(11).concourse（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：concourse大厅(12).sleeper with couchettes（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：sleeper with couchettes双层卧铺车(13).film industry cinematograph（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：film industry cinematograph电影摄影机(14).board of census（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：board of census人口普查委员会(15).distributor（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：distributor经销商二、Ⅱ．汉译英(总题数：1，分数：60.00)1.明代绘画明代(1368—1644)社会政治经济稳定，文化艺术更加发达，出现了一些以地区为中心的名家与流派，各成体系，各个画科都得到全面发展。

华东师范大学有机化学考研真题2014无机化学

考生注意：本试卷总分150 分，考试时间为3 小时，可使用科学计算器。

无论以下试题中是否有答题位置，均应将答案做在考场另发的答题纸上（写明题号）。

一、单选题（每题2分，共50分）1. 下列分子中不呈直线形的是(A) HgCl 2； (B) CO 2； (C) H 2O ； (D) CS 2。

2. 在某种酸化的黄色溶液中，加入锌粒，溶液颜色从黄经过蓝、绿直到变为紫色，该溶液中含有(A) Fe 3+ (B) +2VO (C)-24CrO (D) Fe (CN)-46 3. 欲除去CuSO 4酸性溶液中少量Fe 3+，加入下列试剂效果最好的是(A) 氨水 (B) NaOH (C) H 2S 水 (D) Cu 2(OH)2CO 3 4. 在[Co(en)(C 2O 4)2]配离子中，中心离子的配位数为(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6 5. 将下列物种按键能大小排列成序，正确的是 (A) N 2+< N 2；NO > NO +；O 2+ > O 2- (B) N 2+< N 2；NO < NO +；O 2+> O 2- (C) N 2+> N 2；NO > NO +；O 2+> O 2- (D) N 2+< N 2；NO > NO +；O 2+< O 2-6. 下列各对含氧酸盐热稳定性的大小顺序，正确的是(A) BaCO 3 > K 2CO 3 (B) CaCO 3 < CdCO 3 (C) BeCO 3 > MgCO 3 (D) Na 2SO 3 > NaHSO 37. 下列溶液中加入过量的NaOH 溶液颜色发生变化，但却没有沉淀生成的是 (A) K 2Cr 2O 7； (B) Hg (NO 3 )2； (C) AgNO 3； (D) NiSO 4。

8. 下列分子中，偶极矩为零的是(A)NF 3; (B)NO 2; (C)PCl 3; (D)BCl 3 9. 下列氯化物中，熔点最低的是(A)HgCl 2; (B)FeCl 3; (C)FeCl 2; (D)ZnCl 2 10. 下列分子和离子中，具有顺磁性的是(A)NO +; (B)[Fe(CN)6]4-; (C)B 2; (D)CO 11. 酸性强弱关系正确的是(A)H 6TeO 6>H 2SO 4; (B)H 2SO 4<H 2S 2O 7; (C)H 4SiO 4>H 3PO 4; (D)HClO>HClO 3０．７０Ｖ0.14V0.45V0.53V 对该图的理解或应用中，错误的是E-。

2014年研究生考试真题

第1页
3.（本题 16 分）自旋 / 2 、质量为m 的粒子处于[0, a]之间的无限深方势阱中，若 t = 0 时粒子状态为：
(x, sz , 0) C （1 x）1/2 (sz ) 2（2 x）1/2(sz ) 2（2 x）1/2(sz )
其中（n x）是一维无限深势阱的第 n 个本征态，1/2 (sz ) 分别为自旋向上和向下的状态。 1）求任意 t 时刻粒子的波函数以及能量的期望值。 2）测量粒子自旋在 z 方向的可能取值和相应概率。
3）计算： ea ae-a ? ， eNˆ ae-Nˆ ?
7.（本题 20 分）
已知体系的哈密顿量在某力学量表象中表示为：
0 1 0 0 0 0
H H0 H '
A 2

1 0
0 1
1

0ຫໍສະໝຸດ 0 01 00

0
其中 A, 0, A。
5）设 Aˆ, Bˆ 与泡利算符对易，证明： ˆ Aˆ ˆ Bˆ Aˆ Bˆ iˆ Aˆ Bˆ
6 ）判断下面各符号中，哪些是算符？哪些是数？哪些是矢量？；； Fˆ ； Fˆ ；； Aˆ
4）交变场V (r )=Ax cost ，其中 A 为常量。
第2页
6.（本题 20 分） a , a 是谐振子的升降算符，满足对易关系[a, a ] 1， Nˆ aa 为粒子数算符。 1）证明：[a, Nˆ ] a [a , Nˆ ] a [a,(a )n ] n(a )n1 ； 2）证明：[a,ea ] ea ， [a,cos(a )] sin(a ) ；

教育硕士入学考试教育综合真题华东师范大学2014年

教育硕士入学考试教育综合真题华东师范大学2014年一、名词解释1. 贝尔—兰卡斯特制答案：贝尔—兰卡斯特制是英国国教会牧师贝尔和公谊会教徒兰卡斯特分别创立的一种教学组织形式，亦称导生制。

其基本方法是先将学生编成小组，每组10人，再指定一个年龄较大且成绩突出者为“导生”，教师先教“导生”，“导生”再对小组进行教学。

这种方法在一定程度上解决了缺乏教师和教育经费困难的问题，有助于初等教育的发展，但其不可避免地造成了教育质量的下降，同时存在着种种弊端，因此逐渐被正规的初等学校教学制度所取代。

2. 城市学校答案：城市学校是西欧中世纪后期兴起的，适合新兴市民阶层需要的世俗性学校，城市学校并不是一所学校的名称，而是在城市为新兴市民阶层子弟开办的、由城市当局管理的、学习世俗知识的学校总称，其中包含着不同种类和不同规模的学校，包括城市拉丁语学校、写作和算学学校、歌祷堂学校等。

城市学校的出现，体现了新兴工商业阶级的要求和力量，打破了教会对学校教育事业的垄断。

城市学校的兴起和发展对处于萌芽阶段的资本主义生产方式的成长起了促进作用。

3. 自我效能感答案：自我效能感是指个体对自己是否有能力成功地完成某一行为的主观判断与推测，是教育家班杜拉于20世纪70年代在其著作《思想和行为的社会基础》中提出的概念。

一般来说，成功经验会增强自我效能，反复的失败会降低自我效能。

班杜拉等人的研究指出，影响自我效能感形成的因素主要有直接经验、替代经验、言语劝说、情绪唤醒和情境条件等。

4. 有意义学习答案：有意义学习是指符号所代表的新知识与学习者认知结构中已有的适当观念建立非任意的和实质性的联系的过程。

有意义学习是奥苏贝尔在认知同化学习理论中的重要定义，奥苏贝尔认为，当学生把教学内容与自己的认知结构联系起来时，有意义学习也便发生了。

他提出有意义学习的条件包括：学习材料必须具有逻辑意义；学习者必须具有有意义学习的心向；学习者的认知结构中必须具有适当的知识，以便与新知识进行联系。

2014年华东师范大学813自然地理学考研试题(回忆版)

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一、名解
名解 1.边缘海
2.泻湖
3.副热带高压
4.光合作用
5.雾霾
6.径流模数
7.食物网
8.水资源
还有2个忘了
二、简答
简答 1.影响土壤发育的主要自然因素的特点
2.河口的动力特征特点
3.不同气候区的气候灾害
4.植物对大气的净化作用
5.水污染对生物的影响
三、论述
论述 1.以中国典型河口为例，阐述人类活动对河口演变的影响，并说出其面临的主要环境问题
2.城市内涝灾害的特点原因及措施
3.结合自然地理学的主要进展和优先领域，谈谈自然地理学对当今社会发展和经济的作用和贡献。

2014年华东师范大学432统计学[专业硕士]考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2 / 37
圣才电子书

的点估计是：
十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
A．18.5
B．21.7
C．】区间估计的形式为：X±C，具有对称性，由此得到的点估计值为区间两端点
的算术平均数，所以 BMI 的点估计值为（18.5＋24.9）/2＝21.7。
1．假设男子身高服从正态分布，根据调查，2009 年上海成年男子身高 68%的区间估计为[167.32，175.02]，据此推算，99.7%的上海成年男子的身高的区间估计是（）。
A．[161.32，177.02] B．[159.62，182.72] C．[163.47，178.87] D．[155.77，186.57] 【答案】B
5．交警部门发布报告称：在被怀疑酒驾司机中，72%的司机被要求采用呼吸仪测量， 36%的司机被要求采用血液仪测量，18%的司机被要求既采用呼吸仪测量又采用血液仪测量，那么，一个被怀疑酒驾的司机，不用这两种仪器测量的比例是（）。
A．0.5 B．0.25 C．0.2 D．0.1 【答案】D 【解析】不妨设事件 A 为“采用呼吸仪测量”，事件 B 为“采用血液仪测量”。由题知， P(A)＝0.72，P(B)＝0.36，P(AB)＝0.18，则
3．BMI 指数（英文为 Body Mass Index，简称 BMI），是用体重公斤数除以身高米数平方得出的数字，是国际上常用的衡量人体胖瘦程度以及是否健康的一个标准。当我们需要比较及分析一个人的体重对于不同高度的人所带来的健康影响时，BMI 值是一个中立而可靠的指标。WTO 的正常值范围是 18.5～24.9，如果这些范围是 95%的区间估计，那么 BMI
P(171.17 b X 171.17 a ) 99.7% (3) (3) n n n

（完整版）华东师范大学年研究生入学试题

（完整版）华东师范大学年研究生入学试题
华东师范大学2014年研究生入学试题（生物化学考研真题）
一、名词解释。

1、外显子（Exon）
2、第二信使学说
3、端粒及端粒酶
4、锌指结构
5、泛素-蛋白酶体系统
6、染色体同源重组
7、Open Reading Frame
8、Chromatin immunoprecipitation(Chip)
9、SumOylation
10、Necros’s
二、简答题。

1、什么是信使序列？试总结不同类型蛋白质信使序列的特点（10分）
2、请简述RNA在一级结构上的主要差别？并说明为什么对这些差别对于两种核酸的功能来说十分重要(10分)
3、什么是有氧糖酵解？请简述有氧糖酵解与肿瘤发生的关系。

如何证明某蛋白是否参与有氧糖酵解。

（10分）
4、某同学发现转录因子X的过表达上调基因Y的蛋白水平，试举出转录因子X对基因Y 蛋白调控的三种可能的分子调控机制及其验证方法。

（10分）
5、加入某药物后，发现B蛋白磷酸活化水平降低，请分析药物A 可能的作用方式（10分）
6、某老师安排他的学生对一新发现的蛋白质进行生化特性研究，请任选两个你所熟悉的蛋白质生化特性，描述这些特性的本质。

并设计相关实验对这些特性加以论证（15分）
7、你的前期数据提示蛋白质中半胱氨酸（oysteine）有可能被磷
酸化，如何设计实验来进
一步确定这一发现是否正确，以及是否有生物学意义。

（15分）
8、简述真核细胞催化DNA甲基化修饰的酶体系和DNA甲基化调控转录的分子机制（20分）。

2014年华东师范大学考研应用心理硕士真题试卷_真题-无答案

2014年华东师范大学考研应用心理硕士真题试卷(总分150,考试时间150分钟)单项选择题1. 1.“一个人因为哭了才发愁，因为动手了才生气，因为发抖才害怕。

”这是( )的情绪理论。

A. 詹姆斯—兰格B. 坎农—巴德C. 认知—评价D. 动机—分化2. 2.斯佩里对裂脑人的研究证明了( )。

A. 大脑两半球的功能联合性B. 大脑两半球的功能不对称性C. 大脑皮层的言语区主要在额叶D. 大脑是最重要的中枢神经系统3. 3.下午的课堂教学中，往往安排不同的课程内容。

这体现了( )。

A. 注意的广度B. 注意的稳定性C. 注意的转移D. 注意的分配4. 4.根据巴甫洛夫的高级神经活动类型理论，神经活动过程强、平衡、不灵活，这是( )气质类型。

A. 胆汁质B. 多血质C. 黏液质D. 抑郁质5. 5.天空有大片云彩飘动时，我们看到月亮好像在云彩中穿行，而云彩好像是静止的，这是( )现象。

A. 真动知觉B. 深度知觉C. 动景运动D. 诱发运动6. 6.阅读鲁迅先生的《孔乙己》时，脑中浮现穿着长衫、站着喝酒的人物形象，这属于( )。

A. 幻想B. 表象C. 再造想象D. 创造性想象7. 7.采用离差智商来计算人们的智力分布的测验为( )。

A. 韦克斯勒智力量表B. 比奈—西蒙智力量表C. 斯坦福—比奈智力量表D. 特殊能力测验8. 8.一个学生既想参加演讲比赛锻炼自己，又害怕讲不好受人讥笑，这时他面临的冲突情境属于( )。

A. 双趋冲突B. 双避冲突C. 趋避冲突D. 多重趋避冲突9. 9.阿希实验揭示了( )的社会现象。

A. 服从B. 去个性化C. 从众D. 自我知觉10. 10.麦独孤的第一本社会心理学著作主要是从( )的角度解释人的社会心理和行为。

A. 本能B. 社会控制C. 群体影响D. 社会文化11. 11.罪犯在监狱中的改造属于下列哪类?( )A. 早期社会化B. 预期社会化C. 发展社会化D. 再社会化12. 12.在陌生人交往的最初阶段，( )是增进人际交往的重要因素。

华东师范大学2014年博士学位研究生入学考试英语试题（含答案）

华东师范大学2014年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：英语考试科目：英语共 12页时间：180分钟分钟Paper One (注意：答案请做在答题卡上，做在试题上一律无效) Part I Vocabulary and Structure (15%) Directions: There There are are 30 30 incomplete incomplete sentences sentences in in this this part. part. For For each each sentence sentence there there are are four four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark mark the the corresponding corresponding letter letter on on Answer Answer Sheet Sheet I I with with a a single single line line through through the the center . 1. Teaching students of threshold level is hard work but the effort is very ________. A. precious B. rewarding C. worth D. challenging 2. The explorer lost his way so he climbed to the top of the hill to ________ himself. A. spot B. locate C. place D. situate 3. The city has decided to ________ smoking. A. do away with B. take away C. get away with D. put away 4. The old building is in a good state of ________ except for the wooden floors. A. observation B. preservation C. conservation D. compensation 5.____me most was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet.A. That amazed B. It amazed C. Which amazed D. What amazed 6. Recycling wastes slows down the rate ________ which we use up the Earth’s finite resources.A. in B. of C. with D. at 7. Gasoline is ________ by the spark plugs in the engine. A. ignited B. inspired C. excited D. illuminated 8. The travelers ________ their journey after a short break. A. recovered B. resumed C. renewed D. restored 9. Cultural ________ indicates that human beings hand their languages down from one generation to another. A. translationB. transitionC. transmissionD. transaction 10. We must look beyond ________ and assumptions and try to discover what is missing. A. justificationsB. illusionsC. manifestationsD. specifications 11. No one imagined that the apparently ________ businessman was really a criminal. A. respectiveB. respectableC. respectfulD. realistic12. Hurricanes are killer winds, and their ________ power lies in the physical damage they can do. A. cumulativeB. destructiveC. turbulentD. prevalent 13. In some countries, students are expected to be quiet and ________ in the classroom. A. skepticalB. faithfulC. obedientD. subsidiary 14. After four years in the same job his enthusiasm finally ______. A. deterioratedB. dispersedC. dissipatedD. drained 15. For years now, the people of that faraway country have been cruelly ______ by a dictator. A. depressedB. immersedC. oppressedD. cursed 16. Ever since the rise of industrialism, education has been ______ towards producing workers. A. harnessed B. hatched C. motivated D. geared 17. The prospect of increased prices has already ______ worries. A. provokedB. irritatedC. inspiredD. hoisted 18. You should have put the milk in the ice box; I expect it ________ undrinkable by now. A. became B. had become C. has become D. becomes 19. Codes are a way of writing something in secret; ________, anyone who doesn't know the code will not be able to read it. A. that is B. worse still C. in short D. on the other hand 20. Our house is about a mile from the station and there are not many houses ________. A. in between B. among them C. far apart D. from each other 21. Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially ________ containing as many different subcultures as the United States, is a complex task. A. one B. the one C. that D. such 22. You can't be ________ careful in making the decision as it was such a critical case. A. very B. quite C. too D. so 23. 23. The The ratio ratio of of the the work work done done by by the the machine machine ________ ________ the the work work done done on on it it is is called called the the efficiency of the machine. A. against B. with C. to D. for 24. ________ the flood, the ship would have reached its destination on time. A. In case of B. In spite of C. Because of D. But for 25. I ________ to him because he phoned me shortly afterwards. A. ought to have written B. must have written C. couldn't have written D. needn't have written 26. No longer are contributions to computer technology confined to any one country; ________ is this more true than in Europe. A. hardly B. little C. seldom D. nowhere 27. ____in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for the wedding gown.A. Unpopular has as white been B. White has been as unpopularC. Unpopular has been as white D. Unpopular as white has been28. ____for a long time, the fields are all dried up.A. There has been no rain B. Having no rain C. There having been no rain C. There having been no rain D. There being no rain D. There being no rain29. Joseph ’s car has a flat tire. now is to walk to the nearest telephone. A. That he can do B. All what he can do C. All that he can do D. He can do something 30. Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment____.A. which they are happening A. which they are happening B. they are happening C. which they happen D. they have happenedPart Ⅱ Cloze (20%) Directions: Read Read the the passage passage through. through. Then Then go go back back and and choose choose one one item item of of suitable suitable word(s) word(s) marked A, B, C and D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word(s) you have chosen with a single bar across the bracket on Answer Sheet Ⅰ.Why does a company want to 31 its money with other people? There are several reasons. First, the company may 32 very well. It may need money to 33 . By selling shares of 34 , the company can get the money it needs. Sometimes, it is 35 for the company to go public for tax reasons. Because of the tax 36 , the company may save money on taxes by selling shares on the the stock stock exchange. exchange. Sometimes, Sometimes, a a company company may may owe owe a a lot lot of of money money 37 37 banks. banks. By By selling selling shares shares of of stock, stock, it it may may be be able able to to pay pay the the banks. banks. Many Many companies companies sell sell stock stock for for this this reason. reason. However, the reasons why companies sell their stocks on the stock exchange are often 38 . In general, all companies 39 sell shares of stock on the stock exchange need to 40 money for one reason or another. Investors 41 buy shares of stock in a company may make money in two ways. They may begin to make money 42 . Suppose that a person invests in a company, and the company makes money. The company shares this money with the 43 . This money that is shared is called a 44 . Dividends Dividends are are usually usually sent sent to to investors investors once once every every three three months months while while they they 45 45 the the stock. stock. A A second way that investors may 46 is to sell the stock at a higher price than they 47 when they bought it. The 48 of each share of stock goes up if the company does well. It may also 49 for many other reasons. But when it does go up, a person may sell it and make a 50 . 31. A. distract B. permeate C. share D. recede 32. A. have done B. be doing C. do D. have been doing 33. A. perplex B. dominate C. integrate D. expand 34. A. stake B. stock C. stalk D. stack 35. A. potential B. advantageous C. sensitive D. actual 36. A. utilities B. contributions C. earnings D. laws 37. A. to B. for C. on D. from 38. A. complex B. essential C. comprehensive D. understandable 39. A. what B. that C. which D. while 40. A. locate B. admit C. proclaim D. raise 41. A. who B. which C. until D. if 42. A. by mistake B. to date C. on earth D. right away 43. A. observer B. director C. investor D. instructor 44. A. tuition B. postage C. tip D. dividend 45. A. offer B. own C. convince D. equip 46. A. sell money B. share money C. take money D. make money 47. A. confronted B. extracted C. spilled D. paid 48. A. price B. investment C. cost D. value 49. A. tighten up B. stock up C. go up D. stir up 50. A. profit B. benefit C. award D. input Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (25%)Directions: There are 5 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet Ⅰwith a single line through the center.(1) Our culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the the way way to to summon summon a a person person from from the the Philippines Philippines to to one’s one’s side, side, or or that that in in Italy Italy and and som some e Latin-American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell. Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that “Gift” means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm’s length away from others. Latinos and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable. Our Our linguistic linguistic and and cultural cultural blindness blindness and and the the casualness casualness with with which which we we take take notice notice of of the the developed developed tastes, tastes, gestures, gestures, customs customs and and languages languages of of other other countries, countries, are are losing losing us us friends, friends, business and respect in the world. Even Even here here in in the United the United States, States, we we make make few few concessions concessions to to the the needs of needs of foreign foreign visitors. visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have have multilingual multilingual guided guided tours. tours. V ery V ery few few restaurant restaurant menus menus have have translations, translations, and and multilingual multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them. When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. Then Then attitudes attitudes and and information information we we pick pick up up are are conditioned conditioned by by those those natives natives——usually usually the the richer richer—who —who speak speak English. English. Our Our business business dealings, dealings, as as well well as as the the nation’s nation’s diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters. For For many many years, years, American American dollars dollars no no longer longer buy buy all all good good things, things, and and we we are are slowly slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 55 percent percent of of Americans Americans want want this this country country to to play play a a more more significant significant role role in in world world affairs; affairs; we we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be the upper hand. 51. It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle Easterners would most probably ________. A. stand still B. jump aside C. step forward D. draw back 52. The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for their ________. A. cultural self-centeredness B. casual manners C. indifference towards foreign visitors D. arrogance towards other cultures 53. In countries other than their own most Americans ________. A. are isolated by the local people B. are not well informed due to the language barrier C. tend to get along well with the natives D. need interpreters in hotels and restaurants 54. According to the author, Americans’ cultural bl indness and linguistic ignorance will ________. A. affect their image in the new era B. cut themselves off from the outside world C. limit their role in world affairs D. weaken the position of the US dollar 55. The author’s intention in writi ng this article is to make Americans realize that ________. A. it is dangerous to ignore their foreign friends B. it is important to maintain their leading role in world affairs C. it is necessary to use several languages in public places D. it is time to get acquainted with other cultures (2)Your friends might be in Australia or maybe just down the road, but they are all just a few clicks away. Life has changed for millions of teenagers across the world who now make friends online. Whether you use chat rooms, QQ, MSN or ICQ, you are part of a virtual community. “I rarely talk with my parents or grandparents, but I talk a lot with my old friends on QQ,” said Fox’s Shadow, the online nickname used by a Senior 2 girl in China. s Shadow, the online nickname used by a Senior 2 girl in China. “Eighty percent of my classmates use QQ after school.”QQ is the biggest messaging service in China. A record shows 4 million people used it one Saturday night in October, according to Tencent, the company which developed QQ. And And Fox's Fox's Shadow Shadow might might well well have have been been one one of of them. them. ““I I log log in in on on Friday Friday nights, nights, and and Saturdays Saturdays or or Sundays Sundays when when I I feel feel bored. bored. I I usually usually spend spend about about 10 10 hours hours chatting chatting online online every every week,”week,” she said. she said. “But I rarely talk with strangers, especially boys or men.” Even Even though though she she likes likes chatting, chatting, she she is is careful careful about about making making friends friends with with strangers strangers online. online. “You “You don’t don’t know know who who you’you’re re talking talking to. to. You You should should always always be be careful careful about about who who you you trust trust online.online.””Many people would like to meet offline when they feel they have got to know someone very well. Fox ’s Shadow once met one of her online friends face to face. It was a girl who was a comic fan like herself and they went to a comic show together. However, not not all all teenagers teenagers have have been been so so fortunate. fortunate. At At the the beginning beginning of of this this year, year, a 17-year-old girl in Liaoning Province was raped after meeting a friend she had found on QQ. The criminal wasn ’t caught until last month. A 16-year-old Beijing boy, known online as Bart Simon, dislikes QQ users. “I used to chat on on QQ, QQ, but but I I found found that that most most people people were were talking talking nonsense,nonsense,”” he he said. said. Now Now he he chats chats online online in in English, using MSN. “I only chat online because I ’ve got friends in Japan, the US and Singapore,” he said. “I want to learn more about foreign cultures.” But he spends little time chatting as he sees it a waste of time and money. “If you are really addicted to it, sometimes you just can ’t concentrate in class,” he said. “And the the friends friends in in your your real real life life are are always always more more important important than than those those so-called so-called friends friends you you meet meet online. 56. This passage centers on . A. teenagers making friends online B. the advantages of the Internet C. the functions of chat rooms, QQ, MSN, or ICQ D. the internet changing your life 57. Which of the following is true about Fox ’s Shadow? A. She often talks with her relatives on QQ. B. She has a strong sense of self-protection. C. She is a senior at college. D. She logs in every night. 58. What can be inferred from the passage? A. People, both old and young, like to get online. B. Girls prefer QQ better than boys. C. There is no danger for male QQ users, even if they meet each other. D. QQ users like to talk face to face after sometime of intercourse online. 59. What is Not the Beijing boy ’s opinion of chatting online? A. He can’t practice oral English if he uses QQ. B. Chatting online with Chinese friends is a waste of time and money. C. Most topics for conversation on QQ are meaningless. D. He can learn foreign cultures through MSN. 60. This passage may be a . A. a lecture B. an essay C. a report D. an editorial (3) What What most most people people don don’’t t realize realize is is that that wealth wealth isn isn’’t t the the same same as as income. income. If If you you make make $ $ 1 1 million a year and spend $ 1 million, you ’re not getting wealthier, you ’re just living high. Wealth is what you accumulate, not what you spend. The most successful accumulators of wealth spend far less than they can afford on houses, cars, vacations and entertainment. Why? Because these things offer little or no return. The wealthy would rather put their money into investments or their businesses. It ’s an attitude. Millionaires understand that when you buy a luxury house, you buy a luxury life style too. our Y our property property taxes taxes skyrocket, skyrocket, along along with with the the cost cost of of utilities utilities and and insurance, insurance, and and the the prices prices of of nearby services, such as grocery stores, tend to be higher. The rich man’s attitude can also be seen in his car. Many drive old unpretentious sedans. Sam Walton, billionaire founder of the Wal-Mart Store, Inc., drove a pickup truck. Most millionaires measure success by net worth, not income. Instead of taking their money home, they plow as much as they can into their businesses, stock portfolios and other assets. Why? Because the government doesn ’t tax wealth; it taxes income you bring home for consumption, the more the government taxes. The person who piles up net worth fastest tends to put every dollar he can into investments, not not consumption. consumption. All All the the while, while, of of course, course, he he’’s s reinvesting reinvesting his his earnings earnings from from investments investments and and watching his net worth soar. That ’s the attitude as well. The best wealth-builders pay careful attention to their money and seek professional advice. Those who spend heavily on cars, boats and buses, I ’ve found, tend to skimp on investment advice. Those who skimp on the luxuries are usually more willing to pay top dollar for good legal and financial advice. The self-made rich develop clear goals for their money. They may wish to retire early, or they may want to leave an estate to their children. The goals vary, but two things are consistent: they have a dollar figure in mind--the amount they want to save by age 50, perhaps -- and they work unceasingly toward that goal. One One thing thing may may surprise surprise you. you. If If you you make make wealth--not wealth--not just just income--your income--your goal, goal, the the luxury luxury house you ’ve been dreaming about won ’t seem so alluring. You ’ll have the attitude. 61. Which of the following statements is true? A. Wealth is judged according to the life style one has. B. Inheritance builds an important part in one ’s wealth. C. High income may make one live high and get rich t the same time. D. Wealth is more of what one has made than anything else. 62. By the author ’s opinion, those who spend money on luxury houses and cars_____. A. will not be taxed by the government B. have accumulated wealth in another sense C. live high and have little saved D. can show that they are among the rich 63. The rich put their money into business because_____. A. they can get much in return to build their wealth B. they are not interested in luxury houses and cars C. their goal is to develop their company D. that is the only way to spend money yet not to be taxed by the government 64. The U.S. government doesn ’t tax what you spend money on _____. A. cars B. houses C. stock D. boats 65. To become wealthy, one should______. A. seek as much income as he can B. work hard unceasingly C. stick to the way he lives D. save up his earnings (4) Seeking a a competitive competitive advantage, some professional service firms (for (for example, example, firms providing advertising, accounting, or health care services) have considered offering unconditional guarantees of satisfaction. Such guarantees specify what clients can expect and what the firm will do do if if it it fails fails to to fulfill fulfill these these expectations. expectations. Particularly Particularly with with first-time first-time clients, clients, an an unconditional unconditional guarantee can be an effective marketing tool if the client is very cautious, the firm’s fees are high, the the negative negative consequences consequences of of bad bad service service are are grave, grave, or or business business is is difficult difficult to to obtain obtain through through referrals and word-of-mouth. However, an an unconditional unconditional guarantee guarantee can can sometimes sometimes hinder hinder marketing marketing efforts. efforts. With With its implication implication that that failure failure is is possible, possible, the the guarantee guarantee may, may, paradoxically, paradoxically, cause cause clients clients to to doubt doubt the the service firm’s ability to deliver th e promised level of service. It may confl ict with a firm’s desire to appear sophisticated, or may even suggest that it is begging for business. In legal and health care services, services, it it may may mislead mislead clients clients by by suggesting suggesting that that law law suits suits or or medical medical procedures procedures will will have have guaranteed outcomes. Indeed, professional service firms with outstanding reputations and performance to match have little to gain from offering unconditional guarantees. And any firm that implements implements an an unconditional unconditional guarantee guarantee without without undertaking undertaking a a corresponding corresponding commitment commitment to to quality of service is merely employing a potentially costly marketing gimmick. 66. The primary purpose of this passage as a whole is to . A. account for the popularity of a practice B. evaluate the usefulness of a practiceC. demonstrate how to institute a practice D. explain the reasons for pursuing a strategy67. Which of the following statements concerning unconditional guarantees is Not mentioned in the passage? A. They are helpful when firms want to retain their long-standing clients. B. They are effective when firms want to get business through client recommendations. C. They are useful when firms charge substantial fees for its services. D. They are feasible when firms suffer from significant adverse effects of poor service. 68. Which of the following is a goal of some professional service firms in offering unconditional guarantees of satisfaction? A. To limit their liability. B. To compete successfully with their rivals. C. To justify their fee increases. D. To attain an outstanding reputation in a field. 69. An unconditional guarantee may create an impression on the client that the firm . A. tends to be suspicious of the client’s financial status B. does not want to beg for business C. may have some problems with its management D. is not sophisticated enough to be able to provide good service 70. Which of the following is true, according to the passage ’s description of the issue raised by unconditional guarantees for health care or legal services ？A. The standards of practice of the legal and medical professions could be violated by attempts to fulfill such unconditional guarantees. B. The result of a lawsuit or medical procedure can hardly be predicted by the professionals handling a client ’s case. C. The dignity of the legal and medical professions could be undermined by any attempts at marketing professional services, such as offering unconditional guarantees. D. D. Clients Clients whose whose lawsuits lawsuits or or medical medical procedures procedures have have unsatisfactory unsatisfactory outcomes outcomes cannot cannot be be adequately compensated by financial settlements alone. (5)Recent studies on the male-female wage gap predict that even though entry-level salaries for males and females in the same occupation are nearly equal because women’s market skills have improved vastly, the chances of the overall gap closing in the foreseeable future are minimal. This is due to several factors that are likely to change very slowly, if at all. An important reason is that women are concentrated in occupation — service and clerical — that pay less than traditional male male jobs. jobs. It It is is possible possible that that more more women women than than men men in in their their twenties twenties are are hesitant hesitant to to commit commit themselves to a year-round lifetime career or job for many reasons. There is lingering attitude on both the part of women and their employers that women are not cut out for certain jobs. Not only does this attitude channel women into lower-paying work ，but it also serves to keep them from top management positions. Another significant factor in the widening wage gap between men and women after entering the work force, even in comparable jobs, is that women often drop out at critical points in their careers to have a family. Women still have the primary responsibility for child rearing; even if they continue continue to to work, work, they they often often forgo forgo overtime overtime and and promotions promotions that that would would conflict conflict with with home home responsibilities. The ages of 25 to 35 have been shown repeatedly to be the period when working consistently and hard is vital to advancement and job security. These are precisely the years when women women are are likely likely to to have have children children and and begin begin to to slide slide away away from from men men in in earning earning power. power. Consequently, a woman’s income is more likely to be ss income is more likely to be s een as secondary to her husband’s.71. According to recent studies on the male-female wage gap, ____ . A. there is much hope of narrowing the male-female wage gap in the near future B. working women will have many opportunities to hold high-paying jobs in the near future C. women’s pay will still stay at a level below that of men in the near future s pay will still stay at a level below that of men in the near future D. salaries for males and females in the same occupation will be equal in the near future 72. Women are kept from top management positions partly because they . A. decide to devote themselves to certain lifetime jobs in their twenties B. are inclined to rank family second to work C. tend to have more quarrels with their employers D. still take an incorrect attitude towards themselves 73. Which of the following is implied in the passage as a partial reason for women’s concentration in certain occupations ？A. Social division of labor. B. Social prejudice against them. C. Employment laws. D. Physiological weakness. 74. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that . A. men’s jobs are subject to changeB. women tend to be employed off and on at the same job C. men’s chances of promotion are minimalD. women used to be employed all the year round 75. Which of the following statements is NOT true ？A. Women’s market skills have improved greatly.B. Child care is still chiefly women’s work.C. Women are typically employed in clerical and service jobs. D. Domestic duties no longer conflict with women ’s jobs. 。

2014年华东师范大学翻译硕士MTI汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷_真题-无答案

2014年华东师范大学翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷(总分42,考试时间90分钟)2. 填空题1. 中共十八届三中全会于________ 在京召开，北京再次成为全球关注的焦点。

这次“关键性会议”，提出了综合改革方案，就全面深化改革进行了总体部署。

在中国改革挺进深水区和攻坚期的当下，此次会议确定了中国今后相当长一段时间内改革的方向性和路线性问题。

35年前，发端于中共________ 的改革开放，改变了中国，影响了世界。

此后35年间，7次三中全会，改革，是不变的主题词。

也正因此，在中国的政治语汇中，“三中全会”几乎成为改革开放的代名词。

2. 北京时间2013年11月9日，在广州天河体育场举行了亚冠决赛的次回合比赛。

虽然双方总比分战成3一3平，不过凭借客场进球优势，________最终力压对手________，捧得冠军奖杯，这也是中国球队第一次问鼎亚冠冠军。

3. 2013年诺贝尔文学奖得主________被誉为“当代短篇文学小说大师”，她的代表作________ 影响巨大，2004年一经出版迅速夺得当年加拿大吉勒文学奖，并入选《纽约时报》年度图书。

她获得诺贝尔文学奖的消息传出后，该书作为唯一一本被翻译为中文并在中国出版的小说，引发了读者的阅读热情，出版商当即决定加印10万册。

4. ________，成立于1901年，是美国职棒大联盟中，隶属于美国联盟的棒球队伍之一。

主场位于马萨诸塞州的波士顿。

谈起这支队伍就不禁令人想到它的主球场，芬威球场（Fenway Park），这个球场除了是大联盟最老的球场之外，同时以一面耸立在左外野高达37英尺的全垒打墙（俗称绿色怪兽，Green Monster）而闻名。

该队在芬威球场获得了2013赛季美国职业棒球大联盟世界大赛冠军，这是他们10年来的第3个冠军。

5. 2012年12月26日，日本第182届特别国会在东京举行首相指名选举，自民党党首________当选日本第96任首相。

2014年华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院347心理学专业综合[专业硕士]考研真题(回忆版)及详解【圣

2014年华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院347心理学专业综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）及详解一、名词解释1．第二类错误答：第二类错误是指根据样本推断总体，虚无假设H0本来不正确但却接受了H0的错误，也称为取伪错误，又称β错误。

第二类错误常常是在实验设计不够灵敏，样本数据的变异性过大，或是处理效应本身比较小时产生。

2．心理契约答：心理契约是指非书面的默契，规定了管理者对员工的期望以及员工对管理者的期望。

管理者期望员工有良好的工作态度、服从指挥、对组织忠诚，员工则期望管理者公平对待员工、提供合理的工作条件和报酬。

如果管理者失信，会引起员工不满、怠工甚至罢工；若是员工有负期望，则会受到处罚，甚至被“炒鱿鱼”。

3．习得性无助答：习得性无助是塞利格曼通过实验电击狗观察其反应提出的，指因为重复的失败或惩罚而造成的听任摆布的行为，即通过学习形成的一种对现实的无望和无可奈何的行为、心理状态。

4．双眼视差答：双眼视差指人们知觉物体的距离与深度，主要依赖于两眼提供的线索。

当物体的视像落在两眼网膜的对应部位时，人们看到单一的物体；当视像落在网膜非对应部位而差别不大时，人们将看到深度与距离。

5．操作性条件反射答：斯金纳认为操作性行为是由有机体自身发出的，最初是自发的行为，这些行为由于受到强化而成为在特定情境中随意的或有目的的操作，即操作条件反射。

操作性条件作用是操作（R）—强化（S）的过程，重要的是跟随操作后的强化（即刺激）可以增加个体的操作动作。

6．自我实现答：马斯洛提出的自我实现指要求充分发挥个人的潜力和才能，对自身内在本性更充分地把握和认可，是朝向个人自身中的统一、完整和协调的一种倾向。

7．观察学习答：观察学习是社会学习理论班杜拉提出，指人们仅仅通过观察别人（榜样）的行为就能学会某种行为，也称模仿学习。

8．投射法答：投射法是指通过提供给被试者一种无限制的、模糊的情景，要求其作出反应，让被试者将他的真正情感、态度投射到“无规定的刺激”上，绕过他们心底的心理防御机制，透露其内在情感的方法。

2014年华东师范大学856管理学(A)考研试题(回忆版)

2014年华东师范大学856管理学管理学（（A ）考研试题考研试题（（回忆版回忆版））一、名词解释名词解释（（每题4分，共20分）1、目标管理2、激励——保健因素3、企业社会责任4、组织变革5、管理理念创新二、简答题简答题（（每题8分，共40分）1、风险型决策与不确定型决策的基本联系与区别；2、组织部门化内涵及其类型；3、法约尔一般管理理论；4、工作群体与工作团队的基本联系与区别；5、控制的一般过程及其类型；三、论述题论述题（（每题20分，共40分）1、务必联系相关实际案例论述：泰罗科学管理理论的主要观点，对于当今企业实践活动的意义及其存在的主要问题；2、务必联系相关实际案例论述：人们都说“计划赶不上变化”，在当今日益复杂多变的环境下，计划对于企业的价值，计划制定应注意的问题；四、案例分析题案例分析题（（每题25分，共50分）案例一这是新任CEO 上任的第一天。

他去属下的一家餐厅走访，在大家坐好后，他问各位：“你们有多少人喜欢现在做的工作？请举手。

”一片茫然。

员工们只是面面相觑，感觉这新老板说的一定是鸟语。

“好吧，让我说的更清楚一些。

”CEO 笑着说，“你们多少人对于来这工作感到兴奋？你们多少人早上上班的路上兴致高昂？”没人搭腔，有几个人甚至忍不住笑了起来。

你也有同感吧。

老板一定是脑子进了水，有谁会因为工作而感到兴奋不已？福特怎么说来着，“我需要的明明是一双手，怎么来了一个人？”所谓工作，就是完成老板安排的任务，用手就够了，根本不需要用脑，更甭谈用心和开心了。

如果周日晚上睡觉前你就开始郁闷，如果你一上班就盼着下班的那一刻，其实你已经被Patrick M Lencioni 不幸言中了。

Patrick 是一位知名学者，他引用盖勒普的调查报告说，77%的美国人痛恨他们的工作，由此导致的生产率降低使美国企业损失了3500亿美元。

在The Three Signs of a Miserable Job 一书中，Patrick 通过一系列的故事，告诉我们在美国为什么那么多人不喜欢自己的w w w .21k e t a n g .c om。

2014年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 .doc

3.何为蛋白质分选？细胞内蛋白质分选的基本途径、分选类型是怎样的？
考试科目：718细胞生物学共1页，第1页
考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
1、名词解释（每题5分）
1.细胞生物学
2.单克隆抗体
3.离子通道
4.细胞增殖
5.受体
6.溶酶体
2、简答题（每题20分，请任选3题作答）
1.比较细胞凋亡与坏死的区别，并举例几种研究细胞凋亡的检验方法。
2.简述多细胞有机体中细胞的社会性。
3.简要说明由G蛋白偶联的受体介导的信号的特点。
4.什么是细胞同步化，如何实现，有什么应用价值？
3、论述题（每通过实验得以发现和发现的。试述你所了解的3种细胞生物学的实验方法的原理，技术特点及在研究中的应用。
2.什么是干细胞？请概述干细胞的类型与功能，并简要叙述干细胞研究的意义与前景。
2014年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
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招生专业与代码：0710J5再生医学
考试科目名称及代码：718细胞生物学