初中英语语言与文化关系[论文]
语言与文化 论文(英文)
The Relation between Language and Culture Abstract: Different countries have different cultures, and also different language. Language and culture are interdependent and interactional. Language is one of the most important carriers of culture. On the other hand, culture have a great impact on language, that is culture conditioning. Knowing the language and cultural backgrounds can help our communication. Instead, it will cause many communicative barriers. In this paper, we summarize the relationship between language and culture. And example to explain it’s impact on cross-culture communication.摘要：不同的国家有不同的语言和文化，语言和文化是相互依赖、相互影响的，语言是文化的重要载体，另一方面，文化对语言也有制约作用。
了解语言文化知识有助于我们的交际。
相反地，缺乏语言文化背景知识必然会导致交际障碍。
本文列举了语言与文化的关系，并举例说明了这种关系对跨文化交际的影响。
key words: language, cultures, relationship, communication关键词：语言，文化，关系，交际1. IntroductionAs we all know that different countries have different cultures, and also different language. Language and culture are interdependent and interactional. Language is one of the most important carriers of culture. On the other hand, culture have a great impact on language, that is culture conditioning.Language plays a very important role in all human activity. It’s one of the indispensable part of the social life of human. You can not imagine the world would be without language. Nevertheless, the phenomenon of human language is so mystical that people do not acquaint it entirely so far.Culture is the product of social life and national spirit. In other words, culture is the genetic code of difference among the various nation, country and region. Every country has its own culture formation and individuality. This special culture is one of the most important source of affinity and cohesion of a country. For this reason, we must protect and develop the culture of the various nation, country and region, keep variety of our global culture.2. Relationship between language and cultureRelationship between language and culture can be summarized as the following: (1). Language is part of culture. Like other cultural phenomenon, language is also a social phenomenon, it occurred with the production of society, and develops with the development of society. The language is with nationality, different nationalities often have different languages; Language is also human creation. It is the most important spiritual wealth of human society .We can say that language has all the attributes of culture, so language is also a kind of culture, one of the many cultural phenomenons. The human language is not only an integral part of culture, and also the most important part.(2).Language is the main carrier of culture. Although language is part of culture, other cultural phenomenon generally can't exist being independent from language. Only through language, culture can be preserved, extended and spread.(3).Language is the foundation of the development of culture. When we said the cultural development, it's pointing to the development on the original basis which is preserved and spread by language. The development of culture cannot do without thinking, and thinking activity cannot do without the language: the development of culture must rely on the collective of creation of social members. Only by using language which is a good communication tool, can social members communicate and achieve mutual understanding. Different culture should learn from each other through language. Above all, culture must use language as tools to develop. So, the language is the foundation of the development of culture.Above all, we can conclude that language and culture not only in close relationship, but also the special relationship.3. Culture and language in the language communicationBecause language is part of culture, also the carrier of culture and foundation of cultural development, it can reflect the characteristics of national culture and the cultural differences between different nationalities to a maximum extent. From different nationalities' languages, we can find the evidences of different nationality's values, is or not standard, customs, and religious beliefs, social system, and so on. These cultural factors have restriction on language and language communication. But his own people are not always easy to detect that. Only through the comparison of the different nationality's language and language communication, it can be revealed. The so-called "language communication culture", is a special cultural factor implied in the language system which reflects a nation's mental state, values, life style, moral standards, non standard, aesthetic taste, and the customs and habits etc .This cultural factors mainly reflects in the words system , grammar system and pragmatic system of language.We will illustrate some examples of culture in the language communication through comparison between China and Western Countries.3.1 greetingDue to the differences between Chinese and western culture tradition and customs, the way of greeting is, of course, not the same. Because China is a long period of farming community, there’s lot of ‘food’ in t he daily expression. When people meet with each other, they will say ‘have you eaten? ’ for greeting. This way of greeting is just the same as ‘hi’ or ‘hello’ in western country. In China, it is a common way to say ‘hello’, but the western people don’t thi nk so. They may think this greeting seems to be saying: ‘I have nothing to eat. Come on. Let’s go to eat something.’ Or ‘ I was going to ask you to go to my house for a dinner.’ All in all, this means that say ‘hello’ invitation to dinner sometimes. Anothe r way of greeting in china is ‘where are you going?’ or ‘where have you been?’. In china, this greeting is just polite formula. But if you use these sentences to greet to western people, they will feel unhappy. Their reaction is likely to be: it’s none of your business! Western people always talk about the weather when they meet. Such as’ the weather is fine. They respect the privacy of others, and will not ask others privacy issues.In short, when people make a greeting, they should pay attention on different cultures. They should consider the time, place, object, cultural background, social customs andother factors. The use of appropriate greetings can make communication more smooth and natural.3.2 farewellsBetween the social and cultural customs between china and western country are different, the farewells are different, too. For instance, Chinese people go to other people’s homes. When it is the time to say goodbye, they often say: I’d better be going now. You must be very tired or you will have to go to work tomorrow, I should go now. But the American people, by contrast, most of them will find out their reasons to say good-bye. For example, I must say good-bye, my wife is waiting for me or I think I’d better to leave now. Chinese people are always more politely, while westerners are always somewhat straightforward.3.3 taboosIn cross-cultural communication, taboo is the most sensitive topic. Cultural taboos research therefore becomes an important content of cross-cultural communication. The so-ca lled taboos are the words that people can’t say in daily life or their work. Taboo is almost everywhere, from daily life to the political and economic aspects. We here just talk some about common taboos. In the conversation, western people are unwilling to say their age, income, marriage, love, property, fat, and so on. But in china, it is very normal to talk about marriage, income, love, age and so on. In addition, western people should not talk loud in public places, they always speak in quiet. But Chinese people always talk loud in public places. There are lot of this kind of taboos, taboos language reflects different countries’ culture.4. ConclusionIn short, language is one of the most important carriers of culture and culture has a great impact on language in conditioning. They both cannot survive with each other. On the other hand, the difference of language and culture may arouse inconvenience and misunderstanding. Therefore, learning the difference of cultures between different countries is very important. Realizing the difference of cultures between different nations is good for us to communicate with different languages.（1312words）5 bibliography[1]胡文仲著.英美文化辞典.北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1995[2]邓炎昌,刘润清著.语言与文化.北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1989[3]贾玉新著.跨文化交际学.上海：上海外语教育出版社，1997[4]论文化语言学中的语言与文化[J].中国学术期刊网。
语言与文化的关系800字英语作文
语言与文化的关系800字英语作文Language and Culture: A Symbiotic Interdependence.Language, the intricate tapestry of words and grammar, serves as the bedrock of human communication. It is through language that we express our thoughts, emotions, and experiences, shaping our perceptions of the world around us. However, language is not merely a tool for conveying information; it is inextricably intertwined with culture, the complex web of traditions, beliefs, and practices that define a society.The symbiotic relationship between language and culture is undeniable. Language is a product of culture, reflecting the values, norms, and worldview of a particular group. The words we use, the phrases we construct, and the stories we tell all carry the imprint of our cultural heritage.For instance, in the Navajo language, there are nowords for "left" or "right." Instead, speakers use termssuch as "east" and "west," reflecting the tribe'straditional orientation to the cardinal directions. Similarly, the Inuit language has a vast vocabulary describing different types of ice and snow, a testament to their profound understanding of their Arctic environment.Conversely, language also shapes culture. By providing the means to articulate beliefs, values, and norms, language influences the way individuals think, feel, and behave. The vocabulary we possess, the stories we share, and the conversations we engage in all contribute to our understanding of ourselves and the world.Take, for example, the concept of "ubuntu" in the Zulu language. Ubuntu refers to a profound sense of interconnectedness and humanity, encapsulating values of empathy, compassion, and social responsibility. Through the use of this term, the Zulu culture promotes a harmonious and supportive community.The interdependence between language and culture is further evident in the phenomenon of linguistic relativity.The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that the structure of a language influences the way its speakers perceive reality. Languages that lack certain grammatical features, such as the past tense in Hopi, may lead to different cognitive processes in time perception.Moreover, language serves as a repository of cultural knowledge and traditions. Oral histories, legends, proverbs, and folktales are passed down through generations, preserving the collective memory and wisdom of a people.The transmission of this cultural heritage through language ensures its continuity and vitality.In conclusion, language and culture are two sides ofthe same coin. They are inextricably intertwined, mutually reinforcing and shaping one another. Language is areflection of culture, providing a window into the beliefs, values, and practices of a particular group. Conversely, language also plays a pivotal role in shaping culture, influencing the way individuals think, feel, and behave. By recognizing and appreciating this symbiotic relationship,we can gain a deeper understanding of ourselves, ourcultures, and the diverse ways in which we communicate and connect with the world.。
初三年级英语学习中的语言文化交融
初三年级英语学习中的语言文化交融
初三年级的英语学习，是一场关于语言与文化交融的深度探索。
语言，如同一座桥梁，将不同文化的精髓连接在一起，让学生们能够跨越国界，进入广阔的全球化视野。
首先，英语学习为学生们打开了通向世界的大门。
在课堂上，英语不再是简单的语言学习，而是一扇通向多元文化的窗户。
学生们通过学习英语，不仅仅是掌握了一门语言，更是拥有了理解不同文化、传播自己文化的能力。
比如，在学习英语的过程中，他们可以了解到英语国家的生活方式、节庆习俗等，从而增进对这些文化的理解与尊重。
其次，语言学习不仅仅是单纯的词汇与语法，更是一种文化的体验。
通过学习英语，学生们仿佛与英语文化展开了一场心灵的对话。
他们通过阅读英语文学经典，了解英语国家的历史与文化传统；通过观看英语电影与音乐，感受到英语文化的生动与多样。
这些经历不仅丰富了他们的学习生活，更深化了对文化多样性的理解与欣赏。
另外，语言文化交融也在学生们的语言运用能力中得到了体现。
通过参与英语演讲、辩论和国际交流活动，学生们不仅提升
了语言表达能力，更培养了跨文化沟通的技能。
他们学会尊重并包容不同文化的观点，从而在国际舞台上展现出自信与风采。
最后，英语学习不仅是知识的传授，更是心灵的沟通与连接。
在这个过程中，学生们不仅学会了语言，更懂得了如何通过语言去理解与尊重不同的文化，从而在全球化时代更好地融入与贡献。
因此，初三年级的英语学习，不仅仅是语言能力的提升，更是一场关于语言文化交融的丰富之旅。
通过这样的学习，学生们不仅扩展了视野，更拓展了心灵的边界，为未来的国际交往与合作奠定了坚实的基础。
请用英语论述语言与文化的关系作文
请用英语论述语言与文化的关系作文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Link Between Language and CultureHi there! My name is Emma, and I'm going to tell you all about how language and culture are connected. It's a pretty neat topic if you ask me. Language and culture go together like peanut butter and jelly!First off, what even is culture? Culture is the way people live, what they believe in, the foods they eat, the clothes they wear, the music they listen to, and all the traditions they follow. Every group of people has its own unique culture. That's what makes the world such an interesting and diverse place!Now, language is a big part of culture. The words we use, the way we say things, it all comes from the culture we grow up in. Let me give you an example. In English, we say "cheese" when we take a picture. But in Spanish, they say "whiskey!" Isn't that funny? It's because "whiskey" kind of sounds like the Spanish word for cheese, which is "queso."Language also reflects the values and beliefs of a culture. Like, in some cultures, they have different ways of addressing elders or people in authority to show respect. In English, we might call our grandparents "Grandma and Grandpa," but in other languages, they might use special titles or honorifics.Another way language and culture are linked is through idioms and expressions. Idioms are phrases that mean something different from the literal meanings of the words. For instance, in English, we might say "It's raining cats and dogs" to mean it's raining really hard. But in other languages, they might use a completely different expression for the same idea.Imagine if you grew up speaking a language and practicing the culture associated with it, and then you moved to a new country with a different language and culture. It would probably feel pretty strange and confusing at first! That's because your language and culture are so deeply connected to who you are and how you see the world.There are also some cultures that have more than one language. Like in Switzerland, they speak German, French, Italian, and Romansh. And in India, they speak hundreds of different languages! But even within the same country, the differentlanguage groups often have their own unique cultural traditions and practices.Sometimes, when two cultures come together, their languages can influence each other too. This is called language borrowing. For example, the English word "algebra" actually comes from Arabic, and the Spanish word "nacho" comes from the name of a Mexican guy named Nacho who invented the dish!Preserving languages is important for preserving cultures too. When a language dies out, a part of that culture's identity and history can be lost forever. That's why there are efforts to revive endangered languages and keep them alive.Okay, I could go on and on about this topic, but I think you get the idea. Language and culture are like two peas in a pod –you can't really have one without the other. The way we communicate through language is shaped by our cultural backgrounds, and our cultures are expressed and passed down through language.So the next time you learn a new word or phrase in another language, think about what it might reveal about the culture it comes from. And remember, learning about different languages and cultures is a great way to expand your understanding of the world and the people in it.That's all from me, folks! I hope you found this essay informative and maybe even a little bit fun. Let me know if you have any other questions about language and culture. I'm always happy to chat more about this fascinating topic!篇2Certainly! Here is an essay of around 2000 words, written in an elementary school student's tone, discussing the relationship between language and culture in English.The Magic of Words and TraditionsHi there! Have you ever wondered why people from different parts of the world speak different languages? Or why they have different customs and celebrations? Well, let me tell you all about the fascinating connection between language and culture!Language is more than just a bunch of words we use to communicate. It's like a magical key that unlocks the door to a whole new world – a world filled with unique beliefs, traditions, and ways of life. You see, every language is deeply rooted in the culture it comes from, and every culture has its own language that helps it grow and thrive.Let me give you an example. Imagine you're visiting a friend's house, and their family is celebrating a special occasion. You might see them wearing traditional clothes, eating delicious foods you've never tried before, and even participating in funny-looking dances or rituals. At first, it might seem a little strange, but that's just because it's different from what you're used to!But here's the cool part: the words they use to describe these traditions and celebrations are just as special and unique as the traditions themselves. They might have words in their language that don't even exist in yours because those words describe things that are specific to their culture. Isn't that amazing?It's like having a secret code that only people from that culture can fully understand. And the more you learn about their language, the more you'll understand about their culture, too!But it doesn't just work one way. Culture also shapes language in incredible ways. Think about all the sayings and expressions we use in our everyday conversations. Many of them come from our cultural beliefs, stories, and even the way we see the world.For example, in English, we say "it's raining cats and dogs" when it's raining really hard. That's because, in our culture, wehave a lot of funny sayings and stories involving animals. But in other cultures, they might use completely different expressions to describe heavy rain, based on their own traditions and beliefs.And that's not all! Even the way we pronounce certain words or the way we structure our sentences can be influenced by our cultural backgrounds. It's like our language is a mirror that reflects the rich tapestry of our customs, values, and histories.But don't worry, you don't have to be a language expert or a cultural scientist to appreciate this amazing connection. All you need to do is keep an open mind and be curious about the world around you.Whenever you meet someone from a different culture, ask them about their language and their traditions. You might be surprised to learn that the way they say "hello" or the way they celebrate a birthday is completely different from what you're used to. And who knows, you might even pick up a few new words or expressions along the way!So, the next time you hear someone speaking a language you don't understand, or you see them practicing a tradition that seems unfamiliar, don't be afraid to ask questions and learn more about it. Because every language and every culture has afascinating story to tell, and the more we understand each other, the more we can appreciate the incredible diversity of our world.And who knows, maybe one day you'll be the one teaching others about your own language and culture, and how they're both part of the same magical adventure we call life!篇3The Connections Between Language and CultureHi there! My name is Jamie and I'm going to tell you all about how language and culture are connected. It's a really interesting topic that I've been learning about in school.First, let me explain what language and culture mean. Language is the way we communicate with words, either by speaking, writing, or using sign language. Every country and group of people has their own language or languages that they use. Culture is all the beliefs, values, traditions, behaviors, and ways of life that are shared by a particular group of people. It includes things like their holidays, food, music, art, and more.Now, you might be wondering how language and culture are related. Well, they are actually super closely linked! The language that people speak impacts and shapes their culture. At the sametime, the culture of a group influences the language they use. It's like they go hand-in-hand and affect each other.Let me give you some examples to help explain. Different languages have certain words that don't exist in other languages because those words represent ideas, objects or traditions that are unique to a particular culture. Like in the indigenous language of Hawaii, there is a word "ohana" which refers to their concept of family being extended beyond just parents and siblings. It includes neighbours, close friends and other loved ones. Because this idea of an extended family is so important in Hawaiian culture, they have a special word for it in their language.Another example is how some languages have different ways to refer to people based on their age, status or gender to show respect. This reflects cultural values around hierarchy and manners. In Korean, there are specific honourifics and different verb forms you use with elders, teachers or your boss to be polite. But more casual language is fine with your peers. Their language encodes those cultural beliefs about showing deference.Food terms are another area where you can really see the culture-language connection. Cultures with particular signature dishes or ingredients will have very specific words for them intheir language. Like the French have around 400 words just relating to cheese because it's such a huge part of their cuisine and culture! Or how there are over 200 words for camels and their behaviors in Somali since camels are central to their nomadic way of life.Sometimes the words and metaphors we use can give insights into a culture's core values too. Expressions involving time reflect whether a culture has a more linear, future-oriented view or a cyclical, tradition-focused perspective. Languages also encode cultural attitudes towards concepts like individuality versus community, humanity's relationship with nature, and much more.Beyond vocabulary, even the grammatical structures and rules of a language can be shaped by cultural influences. Some languages' grammars emphasize hierarchical relationships more through complex systems of honourifics and formalities. While others place more value on egalitarian principles with simpler grammars that don't encode feudal-style hierarchies as much.Overall, you can see that language and culture have this amazing, intertwined relationship where they constantly influence each other. The culture impacts the language through imported words, metaphors, and structures. And in turn, thelanguage shapes the culture by highlighting certain ideas and viewpoints that then become central to that group's shared experiences and values. They really can't be fully separated.I find this topic so fascinating because it shows how language isn't just a neutral tool for communication. The words and grammar we use are imbued with deeper cultural meanings, assumptions and ways of thinking about the world. By learning about the language-culture connections, we can better understand different societies and appreciate the diversity of human experience and knowledge systems.Language is powerful - it doesn't just describe reality, it also plays a role in constructing our understanding of that reality. That's why preserving linguistic diversity is so important, since each language captures unique cultural wisdoms and perspectives that could be lost if those languages go extinct.Hopefully this has helped explain the deep, interwoven relationship between language and culture! Even though the details can seem quite complex, the core idea is simple - the words we speak don't exist in isolation, but carry with them entire worldviews, value systems and cultural DNA. The next time you're learning a new language, pay attention to those hidden cultural meanings too. There's a whole world of fascinatingconnections to explore between how people communicate and how they see the world around them.篇4The Connection between Language and CultureHave you ever thought about how the language you speak is related to your culture? Language and culture are like two sides of the same coin – they are closely connected and influence each other in many ways. Let me explain what I mean.Languages are more than just words and grammar rules. Each language carries its own unique way of thinking, expressing ideas, and viewing the world. The words we use, the way we structure sentences, and even the sounds we make all reflect the culture and history of the people who speak that language.For example, in English, we have many words that come from other languages like French, Spanish, and German. These words were introduced into English through cultural exchanges, trade, and migrations of people. The word "croissant" comes from French, and it reflects the influence of French culture on English-speaking countries. Similarly, words like "taco" and "fiesta" come from Spanish and reflect the influence of Spanish-speaking cultures.Languages also reflect the values, beliefs, and customs of their speakers. In some languages, there are specific words or expressions that don't exist in other languages because they represent unique cultural concepts. For instance, in Japanese, there is a word "omoshiroi" which means something is interesting or enjoyable, but it also carries a sense of appreciation and respect for the experience. This word reflects the Japanese cultural values of finding joy in simple things and appreciating beauty in everyday life.Different languages can also have different ways of addressing people based on their age, social status, or relationship. In many Asian languages, like Korean and Japanese, there are special honorific forms of speech used when talking to elders or people of higher social status. This reflects the cultural emphasis on respect for authority and hierarchical relationships in these societies.The way we communicate through language is also shaped by our cultural norms and expectations. In some cultures, it is considered polite to maintain eye contact during a conversation, while in others, direct eye contact is seen as rude or disrespectful. Similarly, the amount of personal space people prefer duringconversations, the use of gestures, and the volume and tone of voice can all be influenced by cultural factors.Just as language reflects culture, culture can also shape and influence the evolution of language over time. As societies change, new words and expressions are introduced into languages to describe new concepts, technologies, or social phenomena. For example, with the rise of the internet and social media, words like "selfie," "tweet," and "hashtag" have become part of our everyday vocabulary, reflecting the cultural impact of these technologies.Moreover, language can play a crucial role in preserving and transmitting cultural traditions, stories, and histories from one generation to the next. Many indigenous cultures around the world have rich oral traditions, where stories, myths, and legends are passed down through language. The loss of a language can also mean the loss of valuable cultural knowledge and identity.In conclusion, language and culture are deeply intertwined. Language reflects the unique cultural perspectives, values, and ways of life of its speakers, while culture shapes and influences the evolution of language over time. By learning and appreciating different languages, we can gain a deeperunderstanding and respect for the diverse cultures that exist in our world.篇5Certainly! Here's an essay of around 2000 words on the relationship between language and culture, written in English from the perspective of an elementary school student.The Link Between Language and CultureHave you ever wondered why people from different parts of the world speak different languages? Or why some words and phrases sound strange or funny to you? Well, the reason is that language is closely tied to culture, and they both influence each other in many ways.Let me explain what I mean by using some examples. Imagine you're learning a new language, like Spanish or Chinese. You'll quickly notice that some words or expressions don't make sense when you translate them directly into English. That's because those words or phrases are connected to the culture and traditions of the people who speak that language.For instance, in Spanish, they say "¿Cómo estás?" which means "How are you?" But if you translate it word-for-word intoEnglish, it would be "How are you standing?" That sounds a bit odd, doesn't it? But in Spanish culture, it's just a polite way of asking how someone is doing.Similarly, in Chinese, they have a phrase that translates to "Have you eaten rice yet?" which is a way of saying "Hello" or "How are you doing?" This phrase comes from the importance of rice in Chinese culture and the idea that ensuring someone has eaten is a way of showing care and concern.These examples show how language reflects the values, beliefs, and practices of a particular culture. The words and expressions we use are not just random combinations of letters and sounds; they carry deeper meanings and histories that are tied to the way people in that culture live and think.But it's not just words and phrases that connect language and culture. The way we communicate and interact with others is also shaped by our cultural backgrounds. For example, in some cultures, it's considered rude to interrupt someone while they're speaking, while in others, it's seen as a sign of engagement and interest.Similarly, the way we use body language, gestures, and facial expressions can vary greatly across cultures. In some cultures,maintaining eye contact is seen as respectful, while in others, it's considered impolite or even confrontational.Language and culture are also intertwined when it comes to storytelling, literature, and the arts. The stories, poems, and songs that are passed down from generation to generation often reflect the values, traditions, and beliefs of a particular culture. They use language in ways that are meaningful and relatable to the people of that culture.For example, in many Native American cultures, stories and legends are used to teach important lessons about respecting nature, honoring ancestors, and maintaining a balance between humans and the natural world. These stories are told using specific language, metaphors, and imagery that resonate with the cultural beliefs and experiences of the people.Similarly, in African cultures, oral traditions and storytelling play a significant role in preserving history, passing down wisdom, and celebrating cultural identity. The language used in these stories is rich with proverbs, riddles, and figurative expressions that convey deeper meanings and cultural values.Learning a new language can also give you insights into the culture it's connected to. When you study a language, you learn about the customs, traditions, and ways of life of the people whospeak it. This can help you understand and appreciate different cultures better, and even develop a deeper respect and understanding for people from diverse backgrounds.For instance, when you learn Spanish, you might learn about the importance of family, hospitality, and celebrations in many Spanish-speaking cultures. When you learn French, you might learn about the cultural significance of food, art, and fashion in French society.In conclusion, language and culture are deeply intertwined. The words and expressions we use, the way we communicate, and the stories and traditions we pass down are all influenced by our cultural backgrounds. Learning a new language can open up a window into different cultures and help us develop a greater understanding and respect for the diversity of human experiences. So, the next time you encounter a word or phrase that seems strange or confusing, remember that it's likely connected to a deeper cultural meaning and history.篇6The Connections Between Language and CultureHi everyone! My name is Emily and I'm going to talk to you today about languages and cultures. Have you ever thoughtabout how the language you speak is connected to your culture? It's really interesting to learn about!Every culture around the world has its own language or languages that developed over many years. The words, grammar, sayings and way of speaking in a language grew out of the beliefs, traditions, environment and experiences of that cultural group. So in a way, a language captures the culture's view of the world.For example, some languages have lots of words for different types of snow, while others might have more words about the desert or the ocean depending on where those people lived. The Inuit people who live in the Arctic regions have dozens of words in their language for the different types of snow and ice because it's such an important part of their environment and lifestyle. They need a way to describe the snowy world around them very precisely.Or think about how we say "It's raining cats and dogs" in English when there is heavy rain. That's a funny expression that doesn't make much sense if you think about it literally! But it reflects how English has developed lots of colorful idioms and sayings over time as part of the culture. Other languages willhave their own unique expressions that might not translate directly.The way people speak and the exact words they use can give you clues about their culture and heritage. If you hear someone use certain phrases or talk about particular cultural traditions, you can start to guess where they or their family is originally from. The language holds secrets about their background.When I was younger, I remember struggling a bit with my grandparents' accents when they spoke English. I realized later that was because the way they pronounced certain words was influenced by the Native American language of their tribe. Their accents reflected that cultural heritage carried through the generations, even as they learned to speak English too.Languages and cultures don't just influence each other's vocabulary and pronunciation over time - they can also share fundamental thought patterns and views of the world. The grammatical structures and rules of a language can reveal how its speakers typically organize their thoughts and see the world around them.For instance, some languages assign gender to every noun by calling it "she" or "he" - even for objects like keys or tables! That could suggest those cultures perceive everything as havingmasculine or feminine traits in a way English doesn't. Other languages have a different concept of time built into the grammar, describing events as ongoing or already completed differently than we do in English. So the core structure of a language can shape its speakers' perspective.When children learn a language from birth, they start seeing the world through the patterns and mindsets embedded in that language's system. That cultural view gets passed down from parents and communities as an integral part of how the language is spoken and understood. Fascinating, right?Of course there are exceptions to these generalizations, and language and culture don't match up perfectly for every individual. But in broad terms, the languages and cultures of communities around the globe have grown togetherhand-in-hand over centuries. They have influenced and reinforced each other through shared philosophies, experiences, traditions and environments.That's why languages can be so difficult to translate between - you often can't find a perfect word-for-word match because the deeper cultural context is different. And it's also why learning a new language can give you a window into understanding how other cultural groups view the world in their own unique way.Pretty interesting stuff, isn't it? Languages and cultures are kind of like two tightly woven strands of yarn that make up the tapestry of human diversity on this planet. I find it amazing how the evolution of spoken and written communication has been shaped by cultural influences for every society, and vice versa! Let me know if you have any other thoughts on this topic.。
语言与文化的关系作文
语言与文化的关系作文英文回答：Language and culture are closely intertwined and have a significant impact on each other. Language is not just a means of communication, but also a reflection of theculture and values of a society. For example, in English, the phrase "break a leg" is used to wish someone good luck, while in Chinese, the phrase "一帆风顺" (yi fan feng shun) is used to convey the same sentiment. These expressions not only demonstrate the differences in language, but also the cultural beliefs and customs of the respective societies.Language shapes the way we think and perceive the world around us. Different languages have unique ways of expressing concepts and ideas, which can influence our understanding of the world. For instance, the Inuit people have multiple words for different types of snow, reflecting the importance of snow in their culture and daily lives. Similarly, the Chinese language has various words fordifferent types of tea, highlighting the significance of tea in Chinese culture.Furthermore, language plays a crucial role in preserving and transmitting culture. Through language, stories, traditions, and beliefs are passed down from generation to generation. For example, many indigenous languages around the world contain valuable knowledge about the environment, medicine, and spirituality that are integral to their culture. By preserving these languages, we can ensure that these cultural traditions and practices are not lost.In addition, language can also serve as a barrier to understanding and connecting with people from different cultures. Misunderstandings and miscommunications can arise when language barriers prevent effective communication. For example, idiomatic expressions and cultural nuances may be lost in translation, leading to confusion or offense. It is important to be aware of these differences and to approach communication with sensitivity and openness.Overall, language and culture are deeply interconnected and influence each other in profound ways. By recognizing and appreciating the relationship between language and culture, we can foster greater understanding and respectfor diverse perspectives and experiences.中文回答：语言和文化密不可分，相互影响深远。
语言文化的关系英文作文
语言文化的关系英文作文英文：The relationship between language and culture is a complex and multifaceted one. Language is not only a means of communication, but also a reflection of the culture and values of a society. As a language model, it reflects the way people think and perceive the world around them.For example, in English, there are many idiomatic expressions that reflect the culture and values of the society. For instance, the phrase "time is money" reflects the importance of efficiency and productivity in American culture. Similarly, the phrase "actions speak louder than words" reflects the value placed on action and results over talk and promises.On the other hand, culture also influences language. The way people use language is shaped by their cultural norms and beliefs. For example, in Chinese culture, thereis a strong emphasis on politeness and respect for authority. This is reflected in the use of honorifics and formal language in Chinese communication.In addition, language also plays a role in shaping and reinforcing cultural stereotypes and biases. For example, the use of derogatory terms for certain groups of people can perpetuate negative attitudes and beliefs about those groups.Overall, the relationship between language and culture is a complex and dynamic one. Language reflects and reinforces cultural norms and values, while culture shapes the way language is used and perceived.中文：语言和文化之间的关系是一个复杂而多方面的问题。
浅谈初中英语语言与文化的关系
浅谈初中英语语言与文化的关系初中英语语言与文化有着紧密的关系。
语言是人类文化的重要组成部分，它不仅是人们交流的工具，也是传递文化的媒介。
而英语作为一种世界性语言，在全球范围内流行，其语言和文化之间的关系更加显著。
首先，语言是文化的载体。
英语作为一种语言，把表达思想和交流信息的功能赋予了文化传递。
通过英语的使用，人们可以传递和传承自己的文化，使别国人了解自己的文化。
例如，英语中存在大量的词汇和表达方式与英国文化相关，如"tea"、"queen"、"shakespeare"等，这些词汇和表达方式都是英国文化的代表。
通过学习英语，初中生能够了解和体验不同文化的魅力。
其次，语言反映了文化的特点。
每个国家和地区的文化都有其特色和独特的价值观念，而语言正是这些特色文化的反映。
例如，英语中存在许多与习俗和价值观念相关的表达方式，如"merry christmas"、"good luck"、"thank you"等，这些表达方式展示了西方文化中的圣诞节、好运和感激之情。
通过学习英语，初中生可以了解不同文化的特色和习俗，培养跨文化交流的意识和能力。
此外，语言塑造了人们的思维方式和行为方式，从而影响文化。
英语国家的人们通常会使用英语思考、表达和交流，这种思维方式与行为方式渗透到他们的日常生活中，形成了一种独特的文化。
比如，英语中的礼貌用语和交际方式非常重要，人们注重言辞的尊重与友善，这反映了英语文化中强调的礼仪和文雅。
通过学习英语，初中生可以培养出与他人友好交往的良好品质，提高自己的人际交往能力。
最后，语言和文化之间是相互影响和相互促进的关系。
语言是文化的表现形式，同时文化也塑造了语言的形成和发展。
例如，英语中的词汇和语法结构受到英国文化的影响，它们在漫长的语言发展过程中被赋予了特定的文化内涵。
而随着语言的发展和演变，文化也在不断地变化和发展。
初中英语教学中文化意识的培养论文
初中英语教学中文化意识的培养论文摘要：随着全球化的不断发展，英语作为国际通用语言，其教学已经不再局限于语言知识的传授，而是更加注重文化意识的培养。
本文旨在探讨初中英语教学中文化意识的培养，分析文化意识在初中英语教学中的重要性，并提出相应的培养策略。
一、引言语言与文化密不可分，语言是文化的载体，文化是语言的内涵。
在初中英语教学中，文化意识的培养是提高学生跨文化交际能力的重要途径。
然而，当前初中英语教学中文化意识的培养还存在一些问题，如教师文化素养不足、教材文化内容缺乏等。
因此，加强文化意识的培养具有重要的现实意义。
二、文化意识在初中英语教学中的重要性增强学生的跨文化交际能力语言学习的最终目的是交际，而交际过程中不可避免地会涉及到文化的交流。
培养学生的文化意识，有助于学生在跨文化交际中更好地理解和应对不同文化背景的人和事物，提高交际的效率和准确性。
激发学生的学习兴趣文化的多样性使得英语学习变得丰富多彩。
通过培养学生的文化意识，可以引导学生发现不同文化的魅力，提高学生对英语学习的兴趣和积极性。
培养学生的全球视野和跨文化理解能力随着全球化的深入发展，培养学生的全球视野和跨文化理解能力显得尤为重要。
通过文化意识的培养，可以帮助学生更好地理解和接纳不同文化，增强学生的跨文化理解和包容能力。
三、初中英语教学中文化意识的培养策略提高教师的文化素养教师是教学的主体，教师的文化素养直接影响到学生文化意识的培养。
因此，教师应不断学习和提高自身的文化素养，以便更好地引导学生了解和掌握不同国家的文化。
深入挖掘教材的文化内容教材是教学的基础，教师应深入研究教材，挖掘其中与文化相关的内容，通过讲解、展示和讨论等方式，引导学生了解不同国家的文化背景、传统习俗、价值观念等。
同时，教师还可以根据教材内容，适当扩展相关文化的知识，加深学生对文化的理解。
对比不同文化的差异通过对比不同文化之间的差异，可以帮助学生更好地理解文化的多样性。
语言和文化的英文作文初一
语言和文化的英文作文初一英文，Language and Culture。
As a bilingual person, I have always been fascinated by the relationship between language and culture. Language is not only a tool for communication, but also a reflection of one's culture. Different languages express different ways of thinking and values.For example, in English, there is a saying "time is money", which emphasizes the importance of efficiency and productivity. Meanwhile, in Chinese, there is a saying "光阴似箭，日月如梭", which means "time flies like an arrow and the sun and moon race across the sky". This saying emphasizes the fleeting nature of time and the importance of cherishing every moment.Furthermore, language also shapes our perception of the world. For instance, in English, there are two words for snow: "snow" and "sleet". However, in Inuit languages,there are many more words for snow, which reflects the importance of snow in their culture and daily life.Culture, on the other hand, influences the way we use language. Different cultures have different norms and values, which affect how people communicate. For example,in some cultures, it is considered impolite to interrupt someone while they are speaking, while in other cultures, interrupting is a sign of active engagement in the conversation.In conclusion, language and culture are closely intertwined. Language reflects culture, while culture shapes the way we use language. As a bilingual person, I have come to appreciate the richness and diversity of different languages and cultures.中文，语言与文化。
语言文化的关系英文作文
语言文化的关系英文作文Language and culture are deeply intertwined, shaping our identities and how we interact with the world. Our language reflects the values and beliefs of our culture, influencing the way we think and communicate with others.Every language has its own unique set of expressions and idioms that are deeply rooted in the culture from which it originates. These linguistic nuances can be difficult to translate, as they carry with them a wealth of cultural meaning and context.Language is not just a means of communication, but a tool for preserving and transmitting cultural heritage. Through language, we can learn about the history, traditions, and customs of a particular culture, gaining insight into the values and beliefs that shape its people.Cultural differences can often be reflected in the way languages are structured and used. For example, somelanguages may prioritize politeness and formality, while others may be more direct and informal in their communication style.Learning a new language can open up a whole new worldof cultural experiences and perspectives. By immersing ourselves in a different language, we can gain a deeper understanding of the customs, traditions, and values of another culture.Language and culture are inextricably linked, shaping our perceptions of the world and influencing how weinteract with others. By embracing linguistic diversity, we can foster greater understanding and appreciation for the rich tapestry of cultures that make up our global community.。
关于英语语言文化论文
关于英语语言文化论文语言是交际工具、思维工具、认知工具，文化的载体、信息(知识、情报、资料)的载体。
下文是店铺为大家整理的关于英语语言文化论文的范文，欢迎大家阅读参考!关于英语语言文化论文篇1浅谈英语语言中姓氏的文化内涵摘要：每个人都拥有自己的姓氏，它作为一种符号，构成了文化载体的一个重要部分。
作为一种较为特殊的文化现象，英语姓氏有着极其复杂的构成和来源，其中可能埋藏着历史、经济、文化、地理等众多因素。
对于接触语言、文化的研究者，探析英文姓氏来源的工作十分必要。
本文尝试探索英语姓氏的演变历程，从而揭开现代英文姓氏与其本源的关系。
这必将对英文教学以及加深学生了解英语文化具有重要意义。
关键词：英语姓氏来源文化英语语言自从有了文明，人类为了便于繁衍生息、交流沟通，就发明了姓氏。
随着历史进程和社会的发展，姓名的构成和习用逐步形成。
每人都有属于自己的姓氏，它作为一种符号，构成了文化载体的一个重要部分。
作为一种较为特殊的文化现象，英语姓氏有着极其复杂的构成和来源，其中可能埋藏着历史、经济、文化、地理等诸多的因素。
对于学习英语语言的人来说，探析英文中的姓氏来源，具有重要的意义。
古代英国在经历了多次外族入侵，才得以形成英语民族及其语言。
这是以盎格鲁撒克逊人和凯尔特人为主的世界上众多民族共同努力的结果。
到了近代，英语民族的活动舞台随着大英帝国不断向海外的扩张而进一步扩展，也就更大范围地吸收了其他民族的血统和语言。
其中，尤以美利坚民族和美国英语的形成最为典型。
这自然也就让英语姓名系统变的更加复杂化。
尤其是在现、当代，英语民族血统进一步多元化，英语语言体系进一步扩大化，这当归功于大批涌入英语国家或地区的移民。
尽管外来移民的姓名不断被英语同化，但多多少少都会保持原民族的某些特征。
据英美姓名学家统计，如今英语姓名的语源就与三十多个大小语种相关。
下面，我们着重来看英语姓名在其本土的演化发展过程。
在英伦三岛被诺曼底人入侵以前，即公元1006年的诺曼征服前，英国人没有姓，只有名。
英语系毕业论文(语言与文化的关系)
The relationship between language and culture IntroductionLanguage is the important means of communication, and it is the carrier of culture and a part of culture, any language was born with formation of its culture, develops with the development of culture, and in most cases, perishes with death of its culture.nguage, as a concrete system of signs, has its own significance in the culture communicationIt has long been recognized that language is an essential and important part of a given culture and that the importance of culture upon a given language is something indispensable.1.1Language is a systemThe important of language to the study intercultural communication is clearly captured in the American poet Ralph Waldo Emerson' s imple sentence “ Languageis the archives of history. H”is declaration takes on added significance when we realize that one of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to uselanguage–to make sounds and marks serve as substitutes for things and feelings.Over millions of years, we have evolved the anatomy necessary to produce and receive sounds have taken on meaning by representing things, feelings, and ideas. This combination of evolution and culture has led to the development of a four-part process that enables us share our internal states with other human beings. In short, we can receive, store, manipulate, and generate symbols to represent our personalized realities.1.2The importance of languageLanguage is extremely important to human interaction because it is how we reach out to make contract with our surroundings. If we were to survey a normal day, we would soon see that we use words for a wide variety of purposes we may use language when we first awake: morning! ” We use words aws a y to write with the outside world. Or we may use words to share an unpleasant experience and to get support from other: “Letm e tell you about the horrible dream I had last night. ” This example also demonstrates how we employwords to relate to the past, that is, to talk about something that has already happened.We use words so that we can experience some control over the present: “ please pasalt and pepper. ”W e each seek to affect our environment, to influence many lf the daily situations in which we find ourselves. Words, and how we manipulate them, permit us to make those alterations through symbolic transactions with others.We also use words to form images of the future: “I have meet with Jane at work today, dread seeing her, because Ik now she 's going to be upset about the changes I 'm making in h work schedule. ” Our wording ability allows us to predict and describe the future .We use words to persuade to exchange ideas, to exchange ideas, to express views, to seek information, and to express feelings. When we study another language, we soon discover that the symbols, the sounds for those symbols, and the rules for using those symbols and sounds are different.nguage, as a culture institution, is born with culture. It develops and interacts with the cultureTo preserve the language of a nation is to preserve its special culture and history. When people can not understand the old language, they will be less tightly connected to or even gradually lose their cultures and histories. Their enemies know much more clearly than themselves as to this point.We still remember that in the famous article The Last Lesson, the first thing Prussians did when they intruded France, was to replace French with Prussian in the school education. Japanese also took the same strategy in order to cut off the connection between people and their histories and cultures. This evil refused to only stay inpeople's memory and is still threatening certain cultures and nations. Thus both Jews and Tibetans are still fighting to preserve their languages for the sake of their cultures and histories at the edge of being extinguished.2.1 Explain the meaning of the cultureWhen delivering daily speech, the word "culture" refers to pursuits such asliterature and music. More broadly, we can define "culture" as all the modes of thought, behavior, and production that are handed down from one generation to the next by means of communicative interaction ─s─pe ech, gesture, epic, construction, and all othercommunication among humans── rather than by genetic transmission or heredity. "Culture" is an essential concept for it is what makes humans unique in the animal kingdom. All familiar forms of social organizations, ranging from the simplest family to the most sophisticated corporation depend upon "culture" for their existence. Nevertheless, "society" and "culture" might be confusing for one to distinguish. "Society" is population that is organized to carry out the major function of life. A society's "culture" consists of all the ways in which its members think about it among themselvesCulture, in a broad sense, means the total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. As culture is so inclusive, it permeates virtually every aspect of human life and influences predominantly people ' s behavior, including linguistic behavior. In a narrow sense,culture may refer to local or specific practice, belief or customs, which can be mostly found in folk culture, enterprise culture or food culture etc.Generally speaking, there are two types of culture: material and spiritual. While material culture, as the term itself suggests, is concrete, substantial and observable, most of spiritual culture, the products of mind, is abstract, ambiguous, and hidden. In contrast with nature in the sense of what is born and grows, culture refers to what has been grown and brought up with, in other words, what can be nurtured. Culture, especially material culture, is reproduced and preserved through the maintaining of beliefs, traditions, education and other institution mechanisms, mean while, it changes slowly with the development of the society.2.2The relationship between language and cultureWe begin our preview of language by noting that it is impossible to separate our use if language from our culture. In its most basic sense, language is a set of symbols and the rules for combining those symbols that are used and understood by a large community of people. When we study another language, we soon discover that not only are the symbol and sounds for those symbols different, but so are the rules (phonology, grammar, syntax, and intonation) for using those symbols and sounds.Word different are obvious in various language. In English, we live in a house. In Spanish, we live on a case. In Thai we live in a ban. Phonology also varies culturally.In English, we have 21 consonant sounds and 5 vowels that combine to from 38 various sounds. ietnamese has 3“4 V segmental phonemes consisting of vowels, semivowels and consonants. ” The Filipino languhas 16 consonants and 10 vowels forming 26 phonemes. Portuguese has 21 consonants and 13 vowels that form 34 basic phonemes. Grammatical structures are unique to each language as well. In English verb tenses express contrast between past, present, and future acts, but in Vietnamese,the same verb reflects all three and the time of action is inferred from the context. Syntax, or the word order and structure of sentences, also varies depending on the language. The normal woes order for simple sentences in Filipino is the reverse of the word order in English. That is, the predicate is followed by the subject. For example, the English sentence “Thet eacher died ” would be “ Namataya ng guro ”o r “ diedt he teacher ”in Filipino. In English, the subject is followed by a verb and then an object, but in Korean, the subject is followed by the object and then the verb. So in English we might say, “The cat ate the mouse, ” but in Korean, ate ” would be correct.These examples indicate that if we want to communicate in another language, it is important for us to know not only the symbols of that language, but also the rules for using those symbols. As you know language is much more than a symbol and rule system that allows us to communicate with another person-language also shapes the process by which people became introduced to the order of the physical and social environment. As Nanda indicates, therefore, would seem to have major impact on the way an individual perceives and conceptualizes the world. ”2.2.1L anguage not only express a person 's meaning but also express a nation 's cultuWe can have different meanings for the same word. For instance, to one person, the woesgrass might mean something in front of then house that is green, has to be watered, and must be mowed once a week: to another person, grass may mean something that is rolled in paper and smoked. All people, drawing on their backgrounds, decide what a word means. People have similar meanings only to the experience includes baseball, to us a rope is a line driver. If our background lies in the world of jazz music, the word ax does notindicate something used to chop wood but any horn or woodwind instrument. And it islikely that we and a physician respond differently to the woes cancer.If we include culture as a variable on the process of abstracting meaning, the problems became all the more acute, for culture teaches us both the symbol and what the symbol represents. When you are communicating with someone from your own culture, the process of using words to represent your experience is much easier because within a culture people share many similar experiences. But when communication is between people from distinct cultures, different experiences are involved and the process is more troublesome. Objects, events, experiences, and feelings have the labels or names they do because a community id people arbitrarily decided to so name them. If we extent this notion to the intercultural setting, we cansee that diverse cultures can have both different symbols and different responses.There are even differences between British and American usage in word meanings. Although some words are spelled and pronounced the same, they have different meanings. For instance, the words boot, bonnet, lift, and biscuit in British English translate into American English as car trunk, car hood, elevator, and cookie. In the area of business, there are also some interesting differences. For example, the British term annual gunnel meeting translates in American English as annual meeting of shareholders; scheme translates as pension plan. From these examples, we see that culture exerts an enormous influence on languageb ecause culture teaches not rules for using those symbols and rules for using those symbols, but more important, the meaning associate with the symbols. Further, culture influences the way people use language.2.2.2Language and its culture influence are exemplified in the theoretical formulations of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesisLanguage and its culture influence are exemplified in the theoretical formulationsof the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which in essence states that language is a guide to This “ social rehypothesis implies that language is not simply a means of reporting experience but, more important, it is a way of defining experience. Sapir wrote:Human beings do not live in the objective world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society ⋯Thereal world is to a large extent unconsciously built up on the language habits of the group. No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same world with different labels attached. Nanda provides an excellent example if the Sapir-Whorf concept in practice:If my language has only one term-brother-in-law- that is applied to my sister 's husband, mhusband ' s brothers, and my husband ' s sisters ' husbands, I am led by my language to perceof these relatives in a similar way. Vocabulary, through what it groups together under one label and what it differentiates with different labels, is one way in which language shapes our perception of the world.3.Linguistic evidence of cultural differenceAny linguistic may be simultaneously of a denotative, connotative, or iconic kind of meanings. To begin with, any sign has a meaning that can be found in a dictionary, this is thedenotative meaning. For example, “rose ” is a flower that has a pleasant smell andis usually redpink, whit e, or yellow etc. On most occasions “rose ” means more than a flower, italso triggemany associations mostly good ones such as love, fragrance, passion and beauty etc. These are its connotations or connotative meanings. Moreover, the word “ rose a”ls o inv okes image to people. The famous line “my love is a red rose ” stirs up vividly the imagination if a beautifulyoung lady. This is the iconic meanings.All these types of meanings are bound with culture encodings from their associations. Each language has its own metaphors that provide semantic cohesion withinits boundaries. Motivated by the need and desire to influence others, people choose to use words which emphasize denotative meaning, connotative meaning or iconic meanings orall of them, during the same process its cultural meanings are created.The following are some illustrations of the cultural differences in language use which wemay often come across in our daily life.3.1 A Comparison of Chinese and British Hospitality in Treating GuestsIn China, people 's hospitality is shown by the number of the dishes offered as well as by the eagerness to impress the guest with the most expensive and nutritious food.While in Britain, people value equality. Their hospitality is shown by treating the guest as an equal with the host. Believing in simplicity regarding food, they may offer their guest the same type of meal they usually eat. Part of the reason is their egalitarianism and other reason is that the host wants to introduce the foreign guest to British food and eating customs, and make the guest feed comfortable.The foreign guest might think of the saying. “When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 3.2Different Topics between China and West Common topics in China3.2.1 Common topic in ChinaSince there is not much privacy that is found in China. People feel free to ask almost any question without being offensive. The most common topics are age, income, property, family life, especially children, politics and religion. Also, when a purchase,is made, Chinese people will often ask or voluntarily tell the item 's price in order to share the happiness of shopping. BuWesterns feel it very inappropriate to talk about the price of products they have purchased. That information is considered private, so question about price should not be asked.old ” means wisdom and experien Elderly people are highly respected in China, ofolder the better. Males especially will often ask about each other 's age to show resp elder one. And the elder one feels vrey happy to be addressed as “lao ” plus surname.Today, more and more Chinese women, who have been influence by the Western cultures, do not want to give their ages.However, it is very rude for person to address the senior or the elder only by their family names. Some topics concerning the death will always be avoided.3.2.2Common topics in the westPeople in the West like to talk about the weather, sports, news, traveling,interests and hobbies. Do not ask personal questions about age, weight, illness, income, property, religion and politics. In general conversations asking about these political issues. Beware that politics is an “ emotionally changed ”t opic because the people in the conversation may have differing viewpoints within the group.General question about family can be asked to start a conversation. You may ask if a person is single or married. Depending on how the conversation is going, you can either ask directly by saying, “Arey ou single? ”or “Arey ou married? ”or indirectly by saying, “Doy ou have a family? ”3.3Friendship3.3.1 Friendship in ChinaIn China most people expert their friends to do for then when they are in need. There is an obligation to a friendship. People feel obligated and a duty to do for their friends. We have a lot for Chinese sayings concerning friendship: 为朋“友两肋插刀”(peoplec an take any risks, even risk of their lives, especially among male friends, to do everything for their friends disregarding whether it 'rsi ght or wrong); “有难同当，有福同享” (people can not only share bitterness ,hardships but also happiness with their friends). Other proverb and sayings such as “一个篱笆三个桩，一个好汉三个帮”(As one fence needs three stakes, a good guy needs three fellows.) 在“家靠父母，出门靠朋友”(It isy our parents that you can rely on at home, but it is your friends that you can count in when out in the society ), show that friendship really counts or is very important to a person in the society.Having friends reflects having a good personality you have and more sociable you are. Your life will be better if you have more friends, and will be worse without friends. One needs a friend to help him or her out when difficulties occur, and one needs a friend to offer financial support when there is a lack of money. So in other words, one cannot be without friends in his or her life. Actually, there is a lot to say about Chinese friendships, and I am sure you have more explanations you can add to this list because ofa better understanding of your own personal friendships.3.3.2Friendship in the United StatesIn general, American has causal, friendly relationships with many people, but deeper, closer friendships with only a few. Friendship requires time and commitment (The state of being bound emotionally or intellectually to a course of action or to another person or persons) and depending on the American is commitment to family, which is a priority, and time require for work or school, various types of friendships will be developed.3.3.3Different ways of Expressing FriendshipPeople in the west apologize to their friends over things like asking for help in some small matter or telephoning late at night. They tend to use polite forms such as “ couldy ou”,a nd “ would you ” even with their friends. They may sound cold and distant when they feel perfectly friendly.Chinese people tend to make more direct requests to their friends. They address those they know quite well in a very direct way. They may sound rude and demanding when they intend to sound friendly.3.4Greetings and term of addressIt is estimated that in English there are at least a dozen different greetings, from“Hi” and “ Hello ”to more specific and longer ones like “How are you getting on? ” or “Ho with you?”P eople choose the proper one to greet different people they meet ondifferent occasions. For example, people greet a new acqunatiance with “How do youdo? ” and expect the same in answer, but they greet an old friend differently. When friends meet, you may find more than once they are uttering ” How are you? ” at the same time to each other, and they both ans“ Fine, thank you. ffe”re nDtliy, a Chinese speaker may greet his friends or new acquaintance with “Nin hao ” or “Nihao”, whether they meet for the first time or anytime in the day.Another noticeable difference between the two greeting systems is that most Chinese people tend to greet acquaintances with“have you eaten? ” or “ Where are you heading for? ”if we greet the native speakers of English in this way, it will certainly cause misunderstanding.Sometimes different terms of address can be equally misleading for Chinese learners ofEnglish or English learners of Chinese. While in China “ Tongzhi ” was once used for allirrespective of sex, position or marital status, in English –speaking communities“Mr.” “Mrs. ”“ Miss. “”M s.”wo uld be appropriate in similar situations. It is also interesting to note that in recent years “Mr.” and “ Miss. ” Are picked up again to replace“ Tongzhi ” with thesociety. Meanwhile “ shifu ” is frequently used to show respect for strangers. English speakers, onsimilar occasions, would use “Sir ” or “ Madam”.The extension of kinship term is another feature of Chinese culture . Term such as aunt, grandpa, and granny ”a re used as honorific titles for senior people or strangers, as in “G ranny Li ”a nd “ Uncle“ Zhang”N.a tive speakers of English would be puzzled if they are addressed in this way by people outside the immediate family. Similarly, the use of respectful titles-Chair-man Jiang, Premier Zhou, Director Ma-to indicate people 'insf luential status is typical of Chinese culture. Such practice, however, is less common in English –speaking cultures.3.5Natural environmentIn Chinese, "the east wind" makes one feel warm genial, the grass long hawk flies, mixed peanut tree, but "the west wind" then just right is opposite, some one kind the flavor which sends the human to the bone to inter the body or bones of a monk. Yan Shu had written that “last night the west wind withered the blue tree ”, Ma Zhiyuan had written that “ ancient ro wind and thin horse. ” All thesilelu asrtrea tions. However English situation is actually different from Chinese. We can read to Samuel Butler 's poem that ” biting east winds ”. Charlehad written that “How many winter days have I seenS htaimnd. ing blue nosed in the snow andeast wind! “ About the west wind, then has John Milton 's line from his poem ” And weswith musky wing ”. John Masefield had written that “It is a want wind the west wind full of b' cries. “The meaning of the two kinds of wind association of summer i fsfe sroe ndce in Chineseand English people 's mind. The reason is also the geographical position. China is located in the Asian mainland. Because of the continental climate in China, the four seasonsa re distinct. In summer the most obvious characteristic is a scorching sun and unendurable hot. But England is located in the North temperate zone. Because of the marine climate, the summer in England is so beautiful, temperate and satisfied.3.6manners and customsIn English there is only a word “ cousin ” ibnu tC hinese there male cousin, younger male cousin, younger female cousin to express the same meaning. We can find that, Chinese relates unexpectedly the cousin obtains so strictly. It must say the sex and branch out the size. That is different from using only one word in English .The reason of this language phenomenon should attribute to the Chinese 23,000 years long time feudal rule. This kind of feudalism patriarchal society takes the blood relationship relations highly. It emphasized specially rank difference, and advocated the precedence and maintained between seniors and juniors. Westerner 'idse al is everybody pursuesequality .They want to obtain the equal standing with the dialogue person. So westerners always directly shout the name of their sisters, brothers even their father and mother.3.7Thanks and complimentsCulture differences are also evident in the ways gratitude and compliments are expressed. It is noted that people in the West tend to verbalize their gratitude and compliments more than Chinese speakers and that the westerners tend to accept thanks and compliments more directly and frankly than we Chinese do.When a native English speaker expresses to us his gratitude, a Chinese speaker may feel embarrasseda nd would sometimes say “no,n o”t o decline whatever expressions of gratitude. However, English speakers, in a similar situation , would say something like“I am “o r “Ia m glad to be of help “t o acknowledge and accept the thanks. To native speakers of Chinese, expressions like “Not at all ”o r “It is nothing ”w hich are sometimes used by Englishmen to turn down thanks may sometime lead to misunderstanding.Similarly, many native Chinese speakers will feel embarrassed when they hear compliments like “you speak excellence English ” or “You have acquired a native English speaker accentshow their modesty and that they do not deserve a compliment, is sincere, they tend to use an emphatic “ no”E.n glish speaking people, unlike Chinese, will accept compliment. Therefore, they think it is inappropriate to show false humility, or pretended modesty.3.8Privacy and taboosAlthough people of different culture have many common areas of privacy or taboos, there are also areas where our culture differs from western culture. As the syaing goes “A man's home is high value on privacy. It is not appropriate for us to ask questions about personal information like age, family background, salary, or questions on personal activities. It is advisable we should not talk about such things, when conversing with English –speaking people unless they indicate clearly that they do not mind or theytalk about them first themselves. Some of these questionsare listed below:How old are you?What are your wages?How much do you earn?You make a lot of money, don ' t you?What' s you name?How much did that pair of shoes cost you?Moreover, we should be careful to avoid expressions related sexual intercourse, some organof human body, four-letter words and racism etc.In China when two people first meet each other, they will ask many questions to each other.After three minutes, they will know each other very well. They have got much privacy information clearly from each other. Include family situation, individual condition. This also is the different cultural context which both sides locates is having an effect. The English beautiful women pay great attention to individual privacy specially. They thought individual matter shouldn 'lett others know. And they wouldn 'ot thers to intervene. Since 1100 years Chinese people live in a village near to each other and contact each other very often. So their privacy affair was difficult to let other persons know. Therefore they very are willing to understand others good and bad in life, others also want honestly to consider.3.9Culture –relate idioms, proverbs and metaphorsDifferent languages may reflect different culture, different cultures entaildifferent language expressions. Idioms, proverbs and saying and metaphors in different languages, derived from different origins, also demonstrate cultural differences. Different languages may have different idioms owing to different living environments, social conventions and literature tradition etc. A constellation of examples could be picked up from different levels of language analysis to illustrate the interplay of language and culture.When you get your hands dirty, it does not necessarily mean in the American culture that you have done some manual work and need to wash your hand.When you have enough dumbbells, it does not necessarily mean that you keep pair if this instrument for regular physical practices.Another example that since English people view dog as human being ' s best friend, wfind more English people view dog as human being 'bse st friend, we can find moreEnglish expressions with dog than in Chinese.Luck dog: a luck personClever dog: a clever boy or smart ladDumb dog: silent person or a person who keeps secretsLead a dog ' s life: to live an exhausted and unhappy lifePut on the dog: put in airAnd some proverbs and saying with dogs are listed as fellows.Every dog has his day.Dog does not eat dog.Give a dog an ill name and hang him.Barking dogs seldom bite.Beware of a silent dog and still water.Love me, love my dog.As to metaphor, we can easlyi find that in Chinese anger id compared with“ liquid” oas in “ wo qi si le ” (I am anger to death)while in English anger is more compared with “he is outraged. ” “His face turned red with anger. ” “ She lost her team fpeewr.. ”, to m3.10C olor wordThere are many color words in our language, such as red, white, black, yellow, purple and so forth, which are used frequently. In the first place, I ' d like to introduce the commothe color words.English abounds with phrases containing color words. Colors may convey different messages to people of different cultures. Due to the respective cultural background and tradition, some phrases containing color words have far surpassed their original meanings, forming different connotations.What does see red mean? If he is in a blue mood, what kind of mood is he in? Is he happy, sad, or what? Obviously, red and blue do not mean just the color. Each has additional meanings-certain cultural associations-that are hidden behind the word. The following part will be devoted to the discussion of cultural differences of certain color。
初中英语语言与文化关系[论文]
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浅谈初中英语语言与文化的关系
学习任何一门外语，都不仅要掌握语音是、语法、词汇和习语，而且还要知道和熟识使用该语种的人如何看待事物，如何观察世界；要了解他们如何用他们的语言来反映他们的思想、习惯和行为; 更要了解他们社会的文化，语言是文化的一部分，并对文化起着重要作用。
它们之间互相影响、互相作用；理解语言必须了解文化，理解文化必须了解语言。
我们学习应用外语，目的是为了交际，并且是跨文化的交际，故此必然涉及不同的习俗文化、不同的世界观、人生观；不同的思维方式、行为方式和生活方式；以及不同的政治信仰和宗教信仰等。
我们所指的文化，并不单纯是狭义上所指的文学、音乐、美术等，而更广义上所指的：一个社会所具有的独特的信仰、习俗、制度、目标和技术的总模式。
所以在跨文化的交往中，没有这些的深入认识，只局限地以自己母语文化中所形成的各种思维方式、行为方式, 习俗观和世界观去和外国人进行交往，必然会形成不同文化观念在某个话题或论点方面的冲突和不快。
在初中阶段的英语教学中，英语教学工作者更多地强调了“听”
“说” “读” “写”四大技能的培养及素质教育在教材的安排和教学
时间的分配上，忽略了英语文化的进一步的学习、了解和渗透。
同时，作为素质教育，我们在语言教学中，应尽量多地全方位体现该语言范畴的文化现象、文化特征。
虽然对事物的理解受到年龄、职业、信仰、思维等影响，但对于初中学生来说，他们应该可以理解。
语言和文化的英文作文初一
语言和文化的英文作文初一Language and culture are closely related. Language is not only a tool for communication, but also a carrier of culture. Different languages carry different cultural connotations, and they shape the way people think and perceive the world.Language is a living thing, constantly evolving and changing. It reflects the changes and development of a culture, and it also influences the culture in return. The use of language is deeply rooted in the cultural context, and it is an important part of cultural identity.Cultural diversity is reflected in language diversity. Different languages have different grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation, which reflects the unique cultural characteristics of different ethnic groups. The diversity of languages enriches the world's cultural landscape and promotes mutual understanding and communication among different cultures.Language is not only a means of communication, but also a symbol of cultural heritage. It carries the history, traditions, and values of a culture, and it is an important part of national identity. Through language, people can understand the customs, beliefs, and lifestyle of different cultures, and promote cultural exchange and mutual learning.Language and culture are intertwined and inseparable. Language is not only the carrier of culture, but also the embodiment of culture. It reflects the wisdom andcreativity of a culture, and it is an important symbol of cultural identity. Through language, people can explore and understand the rich and colorful world of different cultures.。
英语语言教学与文化教学论文：初中英语语言教学与文化教学
英语语言教学与文化教学论文：初中英语语言教学与文化教学《英语课程标准》规定了英语教育应包括“文化知识、文化理解、跨文化交际意识和能力”的目标等等。
文化意识(文化教学)问题在我国外语教学发展过程中也越来越受到重视。
下面就想就上述问题谈一谈自己的观点。
一、语言与文化1、文化。
要想了解和掌握两种交际化之差异，必须先从文化谈起。
何谓“文化”？文化是个涵义极广的概念，对其定义可谓五花八门，众说纷纭。
文化的定义是1871年由英国人类学家泰勒(edward trlor)在《原始文化》一书中提出：文化是“一个复合的整体，其中包括知识、信仰、艺术、法律、道德、风格以及人作为社会成员而获得任何其他的能力和习惯”，我国《辞海》对文化是这样定义的：“从广义上说，文化是指人类社会历史实践过程中所创造的物质财富与精神财富的总和”。
总之通俗地说，文化是指目的语所在国家的历史、地理、风土人情、传统习俗、生活方式、文学艺术、行为规范和价值观念等。
2、语言与文化的关系：第一，一个社会的语言是该社会文化中的重要的、颇为特殊的组成部分，它是文化的载体，亦是该社会整个文化的基础，正是通过语言，文化才能保持下来，并传递给同时代人或后人，因而任何形式的语言都有其文化的内涵；第二，从语言和社会的关系来看，语言也是一种社会现象，语言的本质属性是作为社会的交际工具，语言与社会文化的关系密不可分。
因此，学习任何一种语言必须要了解使用该语言的那个民族的社会文化，如果忽视了语言教学和社会文化背景知识教学的统一不仅影响对语言的理解和掌握，而且在交际过程中还常常造成语言的误用。
二、文化教学的意义1、文化差异是跨文化交际的障碍。
克服文化差异造成的交际障碍已经成为整个世界共同面临的问题。
一个企业若想让自己的产品打入国际市场，一个跨国公司若想在众多国家和地区创造高效益，不仅需要高超的经济和技术手段，而且需要深入了解对象国的文化。
现代社会中一个企业的成功不仅是经济成功，而且是跨文化交际的成功。
文化与语言的关系英语作文
文化与语言的关系英语作文It is a fact that Chinese traditional culture is beginning to attract the attention of the world. Although traditional popular culture, which is traditionally considered to be western, has begun to spread in China, in particular, Kungfu has had a huge impact on millions of people who first learn about China through Kung Fu. They may come to China to learn about other aspects of this culture, such as traditional opera in Beijing and Sichuan, Asian people Ethnic groups have long known the greatness of ancient Chinese culture.Their own culture is a mixture of local culture. Korea and Japan have long adopted the culture with Chinese characteristics such as Confucianism. This power comes from the thoughts in the four Confucian books (University, the golden mean, the Analects of Confucius and Mencius).These books are based on the ideas of the ancient times, and these ideas are incorporated into the five classics and Western culture Having learned the unique concepts of fengshui, China has taken measures to establish Chinese cultural centers in the United States and Europe to promote the spread of its culture.中文翻译：中国传统文化正开始吸引全世界的目光这是事实，尽管传统上被认为是西方的流行文化开始在中国传播，尤其是，功夫对千百万第一次通过功夫了解中国的人产生了巨大的影响，他们可能会来到中国，了解这种文化的其他方面，例如北京和四川等传统戏曲，亚洲民族早就知道中国古代文化的伟大，他们自己的文化是本土文化的混合体，韩国和日本很早就采用了儒家思想等中国特色的文化这种力量来自儒家四书（大学、中庸、论语、孟子）中的思想，这些书建立在更古老的时期的思想基础上，这些思想被编入五经之中，西方学会了等中国特有的概念，中国已经采取措施，在和欧洲等地建立了中国文化中心，以促进其文化的传播。
英语语言与文化的关系研究
英语语言与文化的关系研究语言与文化的关系紧密相连，英语语言也不例外。
英语作为全球通用的语言之一，承载着丰富的文化内涵。
深入研究英语语言与文化的关系，对于我们更好地理解和运用英语具有重要意义。
首先，英语语言是文化的重要载体。
通过英语，我们能够了解到英语国家的历史、社会、价值观等方面的内容。
例如，在学习英语的过程中，我们会接触到英国的君主立宪制度、美国的民主制度等政治方面的知识，这些都反映在相关的英语表述中。
再比如，英语中的文学作品，如莎士比亚的戏剧、简·奥斯汀的小说等，不仅展现了优美的语言艺术，更反映了当时社会的风貌和人们的思想观念。
这些作品中所描绘的爱情、家庭、社会阶层等主题，都是英语国家文化的重要组成部分。
其次，文化对英语语言的形成和发展产生了深远的影响。
英语词汇的构成和演变就与文化密切相关。
许多英语单词的来源都有着特定的文化背景。
比如，“tycoon”（大亨）这个词最早来自日本文化，而后被引入英语中。
又如，“kung fu”（功夫）这个词是源自中国文化，如今也成为了英语词汇的一部分。
此外，英语中的习语、谚语等也反映了文化的特点。
“An apple a day keeps the doctor away”（一天一苹果，医生远离我。
）这句谚语就体现了西方人对健康和饮食的看法。
再者，英语语言的使用规则和表达方式也受到文化的制约。
在不同的文化背景下，人们的交流方式和语言习惯存在差异。
例如，在英语国家，直接表达观点被认为是坦诚和直率的表现；而在一些其他文化中，可能更倾向于委婉和含蓄的表达方式。
同样，在商务交流中，英语的使用也需要遵循特定的文化规范。
了解这些文化差异，能够帮助我们避免在交流中产生误解和冲突。
英语语言的传播也促进了文化的交流和融合。
随着全球化的发展，英语在世界范围内广泛传播。
这使得不同国家和地区的人们能够通过英语进行交流，分享彼此的文化。
例如，好莱坞电影在全球的流行，让更多人了解到了美国的文化价值观；英语流行音乐的传播，也让世界各地的年轻人感受到了西方的音乐文化。
语言与文化的关系800字作文
语言与文化的关系800字作文英文回答，The relationship between language and culture is a complex and intertwined one. Language is not only a means of communication but also a reflection of the culture and values of a particular community or society.Language plays a crucial role in shaping our cultural identity. It is through language that we express our thoughts, emotions, and beliefs. For example, in Chinese culture, the use of honorifics and respectful language is deeply rooted in the Confucian values of respect and hierarchy. This reflects the importance of social harmony and respect for authority in Chinese society.Language also influences our perception of the world. Different languages have different ways of categorizing and describing the world around us. For instance, the Inuit people have multiple words for snow, reflecting their deep understanding and connection to their snowy environment. Similarly, the use of color terms in different languagescan vary, leading to different perceptions and interpretations of color.Furthermore, language is closely tied to cultural practices and traditions. For example, the English language has many idioms and expressions that are rooted in British history and culture. Phrases like "raining cats and dogs" or "the icing on the cake" are not only linguistic expressions but also carry cultural meaning and references.Language also shapes our social interactions and relationships. Different cultures have different norms and etiquette when it comes to communication. For example, in some cultures, direct and explicit communication is valued, while in others, indirect and ambiguous communication is preferred. These cultural differences in communication styles can sometimes lead to misunderstandings and conflicts.In conclusion, language and culture are deeply interconnected. Language reflects and shapes our cultural identity, influences our perception of the world, and isclosely tied to cultural practices and social interactions. Understanding the relationship between language and culture is essential for effective communication and cultural appreciation.中文回答，语言与文化之间的关系是复杂而紧密相连的。
关于英语语言文化论文范文语言和文化英语论文
关于英语语言文化论文范文语言和文化英语论文语言不仅是思维和交际的工具,同时也是社会文化的反应,并制约人们的思维。
下文是WTT为大家整理的关于英语语言文化论文范文的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!关于英语语言文化论文范文篇1浅探习语语言在英语中文化要素1 历史发展的文化要素在历史发展的长河中，由于受民族迁徙、异域民族入侵、民族内部战争等因素的影响，语言被烙上了清晰的印痕。
作为富含深层文化内涵的英语习语，更是深受这些因素的影响。
在英国历史上，英法两个国家战争不断，其中以英法七年战争和英法百年战争最为著名，法国文化对英国文化影响很大，成为现代英语的三大来源之一。
例如习语French leav(e不辞而别)、Frenchfrie(s炸薯条)、stewin one’s own juic(e自作自受)等。
其中Frenchleave 指在18 世纪的法国流行一种参加宴会的客人不向主人告辞而自行离去的习俗。
而在法语中，也有“英国式告辞(不辞而别)”之说。
这也是两国人相互调侃的方式之一。
历史上罗马人曾经统治英国达四百年之久，古罗马文化对英国文化的影响烙印深刻。
英语中受古罗马文化影响的习语俯拾皆是，像Do in Rome as the Romans do(入乡随俗)、Romewasnot built in a da(y冰冻三尺，非一日之寒)等。
历史上英国和荷兰为争夺海上的霸主地位，两个国家在短短26 年(1652 年至1678 年)中就进行了2 次战争，双方胜负各半。
为了发泄对战争失败的不满，英国人喜欢把交战国的名称赋予某种贬义加以丑化。
诸如习语I’m a Dutchman， if..(.如果我......，我就不是人)、beattheDutc(h了不起)、Dutchuncl(e严厉训斥者)等都是英国人讽刺荷兰人粗鲁、莽撞无礼的最好例证。
到近代，两次世界大战和一些地区的局部冲突，都对英语产生了影响。
习语thefifth colum(n第五纵队)就产生于这一时期。
语言和文化的关系英语作文
语言和文化的关系英语作文Language and culture are deeply intertwined with one another. Language is the most primary and important form in which aculture is expressed. The shared language of a culture contains the ideas, values, traditions, and beliefs of the people. Every culture has its own specific language that helps to define its identity. Furthermore, language reflects a culture’s history, helping to tell its story.Language helps to establish and shape the culture in a varietyof ways. It is particularly powerful in the way that it can both limit and expand the way that people think and understand the world around them. Through language, a culture will define its norms, values, and criteria for what is right or wrong, acceptable or unacceptable. Language can also be used to createa sense of belonging and community, as people will share the same language, building a collective identity.At the same time, language is shaped by culture. As a culture changes, its language will evolve to reflect its new ideas and values. Slang, which is a form of informal language, oftenarises as a reflection of the attitudes and interests of a particular group or culture.In conclusion, culture and language have a deep, organicrelationship with one another. A shared language helps to define a culture, while the culture also helps to shape language itself.。
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浅谈初中英语语言与文化的关系
学习任何一门外语，都不仅要掌握语音是、语法、词汇和习语，而且还要知道和熟识使用该语种的人如何看待事物，如何观察世界；要了解他们如何用他们的语言来反映他们的思想、习惯和行为；更要了解他们社会的文化，语言是文化的一部分，并对文化起着重要作用。
它们之间互相影响、互相作用；理解语言必须了解文化，理解文化必须了解语言。
我们学习应用外语，目的是为了交际，并且是跨文化的交际，故此必然涉及不同的习俗文化、不同的世界观、人生观；不同的思维方式、行为方式和生活方式；以及不同的政治信仰和宗教信仰等。
我们所指的文化，并不单纯是狭义上所指的文学、音乐、美术等，而更广义上所指的：一个社会所具有的独特的信仰、习俗、制度、目标和技术的总模式。
所以在跨文化的交往中，没有这些的深入认识，只局限地以自己母语文化中所形成的各种思维方式、行为方式，习俗观和世界观去和外国人进行交往，必然会形成不同文化观念在某个话题或论点方面的冲突和不快。
在初中阶段的英语教学中，英语教学工作者更多地强调了“听”“说”“读”“写”四大技能的培养及素质教育在教材的安排和教学时间的分配上，忽略了英语文化的进一步的学习、了解和渗透。
同时，作为素质教育，我们在语言教学中，应尽量多地全方位体现该语言范畴的文化现象、文化特征。
虽然对事物的理解受到年龄、职业、信仰、思维等影响，但对于初中学生来说，他们应该可以理解
在欧美国家最常用的成语、谚语、格言和典故。
这些内容在教材中安排得并不多，尽管有“a friend in need is a friend indeed”“an apple a day keeps the doctor away”……等等。
典故，在第一套人教版教材中，初中英语第五册曾有过的故事，简单涉及了所罗门这们智慧之王的故事，但这类的典故并不多见。
根据年龄与接受力的因素，我认为可以适当增加多几个常见于西方文化中的典故文章作为了解和阅读材料的，如the garden of eden， noah’s ark， the tower of babel， achilles’，heel等。
另外，在英语中，颜色的运用，特别在语言中作比喻和联想的运用是较为广泛的。
我们在教材中见得也不多，如the green house， the white house， in black and blue……，因而我们在对话中，尤其在情景会话中，可以补充更多这类的内容：如in black and white， give sb. green light， in blue mood等等。
而受年龄和思维深度、心理因素的制约，委婉语、禁忌语和英语文体等在初中教材中极少出现是较正常的。
在跨文化交往中，怎样才是有礼貌、怎样用适应的谦辞和敬辞同样很重要。
虽然在教材中有出现，但仍要补充。
尤其能结合现实中，中国人汉文化与欧美人英语文化在交往中出现的各种失误与冲突的材料，在教科书中应有充足的安排，这样的例子才有说服力和警示性。
在文化交际中，我们接触得最多的还是人，我们要更全面地了解外国人，必须对他们的生活方式、思维方式、人生观、政治信仰和宗教信仰等有深入的了解和熟悉。
必须对各个历史时期的民族和人
民有大概的了解，在各种人物传记中，新旧版两套人教版教材所选的内容都非常好。
人们都总想从下面的、有积极意义和成功的奋斗经历的人物身上吸取其人生精华，因而在所有教材中出现的人物形象，给人难以磨灭的印象。
如：美国独立战争中的民族英雄：内森黑尔，（其名言为“我唯一抱憾的是：我有，且仅仅只有一次生命贡献给我的祖国”），反映普通人一面的；泰坦尼克号沉船事件中的动人故事；反映有骨气的歌唱家；美国著名的科学家、发明家爱迪生；著名杰出的政治家、发明家富兰克林；英国著名科学家牛顿；现代护理制度创始人佛洛·萨南丁格尔；在丛村中因飞机失事而幸存，并顽强求生的德国女孩的故事等等。
所有这些反映了历史和生活中的方方面面，给人以深刻的印象。
所以我们在教材中应适当补充现代著名的体育运动员、艺术家、政治家或社会以至为全世界和平、发展和进步作出杰出贡献的人物的轶事。
所有这些材料，给在成长时期的中学生的心灵教育起着极大的积极的作用。
人们可以分析其文化背景下的人生观、世界观和价值观，从中吸收其精华。
另外，体现欧美人独立自主意识、竞争意识、公平意识、乐观主义和与他人良好的合作精神、创新探索精神的人物传记与体裁，应考虑到教材的更新和补充中去。
语言中，包含着文化领域中的民族性格部分。
如欧美人所崇尚的幽默感。
这类题材文章在我们的教科书中并不多见。
作为更深入地了解和处理语言与文化的关系，我们应参照（第二册）等有关教材中的文章选取适当的扩充到初中的教材中。
现在的中学生对语言的学习不但深感困难更有甚者因为没有多
大的课外应用机会和有效的学习方法、学习效果而放弃英语。
因而谈不上学习语言，更谈不上进行跨文化的交往。
随着信息时代的到来，我们的教科书不应只有文字和个别图片、录音带。
作为更真实和客观的反映，我们的教材必须附上大量的文化背景知识或与内容有关的相片、真实图片等；增加可收视性的教学媒体，如教学软件、教学光盘、教学录像带，给学生以最近现实的情景，这样的教学，才更能体现出素质教育和现有效果的教育，更符合直观教学，并更能根据学生的求知欲和好奇心，通过可视性的了解和接触，增加其学习的兴趣，增强他们对语言与文化关系的理解、处理和应用，从而达到真正素质教育的效果。
所以我们应通过教材的改革、更新和教学媒体的完善；教学工作者更新和完善教学观念和教学方法，尽最大努力调动学生的兴趣和求知欲，为他们日后的语言能力和交际能力的发展打下坚实的基础，对英语教学工作者而言，更应该深入了解和熟识语言与文化的关系与内涵，从而培养好一代代的跨文化交际人才。