高考英语二轮科普知识阅读理解解析答案高考_2
新教材2024高考英语二轮专题复习专题一阅读理解第二部分怎样准解题第二讲推理判断题__于文有据不枉断
技法4 文章出处类——根据文章体裁和内容推出处
arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain，the potential implications for group discussion and decision-
【近3年全国卷考情分析】
清迷点·扫盲点
练重点·练难点
清迷点·扫盲点
一、推理判断题解题技巧要掌握
技法1 推断隐含意义类——逻辑分析得结论 知答题方略 一“抓”一“整”找“依据”，巧做推断隐含题 1.抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：要善于抓住某一段话中的关键 信息，即用某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或 正面推理。 2.整合全文(段)信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文(段)意思的基础上， 整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论。 3.以事实为依据：推断一定要以文章所提供的事实为依据，不能凭空 想象，这样才能做出合理的推断。
group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with
those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened somet the dominant response. Most frequently，the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow ， these
高考英语二轮复习 专项训练 阅读理解(科普环保)含解析
高考英语二轮复习专项训练阅读理解(科普环保)含解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A team of international scientists is due to set off for the world's biggest iceberg in a mission aiming to answer fundamental questions about the impact of climate change in the polar regions. The scientists, led by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), are trying to reach a newly revealed ecosystem that had been hidden for 120,000 years below the Larsen C ice shelf.Last year, part of the Larsen C ice shelf calved (崩解) away, forming a huge iceberg-A68—which is four times bigger than London, and revealing life beneath for the first time. Now scientists say it is a race against time to explore these new ecosystems before they are transformed to the light. Marine biologist Dr Katrin Linse from the BAS is leading the mission."The calving of A68 provides us with a unique opportunity to study marine life as it responds to a huge environment change," she said. "It is important that we get there quickly before the undersea environment changes as sunlight enters the water."Professor David Vaughan, science director at the BAs, said, "We need to be bold (大胆的) on this one. Larsen C is a long way south and there's lots of sea ice in the area, but this is important science, so we will try our best to get the team where they need to be. He said climate change had already affected the sea around Antarctica and is warming some coastal waters. "Future warming may make some habitats warm. Where these habitats support unique species that are adapted to love the cold and not the warm, those species are going to either move or die."There is growing concern about the possible impact of climate change in the Antarctic. Earlier this month, a report revealed that melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are speeding up the already fast pace of the sea level rise. The research, published by the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine, said, "At the current rate, the world's ocean will be, on average, at least 60cm higher by the end of the century." However, it found that the process is accelerating, and more than three quarters of the acceleration since 1993 is due to melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica, the study shows.（1）Why are the scientists eager to go to the iceberg?A. To study how the iceberg was formed.B. To study a newly discovered ecosystem.C. To explore a new way to prevent climate change.D. To explore the geography of the Larsen C ice shelf.（2）What do the underlined words "this one" in the fourth paragraph refer to?A. The Larsen C ice shelf.B. Climate change in Antarctica.C. The A68 iceberg with the ecosystem beneath it.D. The condition of animal species in Antarctica.（3）What can we learn about the A68 iceberg from the text?A. It is as big as London.B. It is part of an ice shelf in the Arctic.C. It will disappear in a very short time.D. It has uncovered an unknown ecosystem in Antarctica.（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. There is no need to worry about climate change in Antarctica.B. The ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are melting at a steady rate.C. Many creatures living in deep water will die out due to climate change.D. By 2100, the sea level will have risen to a much higher level than now.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，南极地区的拉森C冰架崩解形成了一座巨大的冰山A68 iceberg。
高考英语二轮科普知识阅读理解解析答案_2
2016浙江高考英语二轮科普知识阅读理解（3）解析答案科普知识（阅读理解）由(2012四川,E)改编Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted (预测)in reaction to climate change,which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world,changing some living patterns,scientists say.Increased carbon dioxide(CO2) in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen,while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.“Predicting species’reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology,”said the researchers of several U.S.universities.They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.The study,published on the Nature website,uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1,634 species.It found that some experiments had underestimated (低估) the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.“Across all species,the experiments under-predicted the speed of the advance—for both leafing and flowering—that results from temperature increases,”the study said.The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change,it said.Plants are necessary for life on the Earth.They are the base of the food chain,using photosynthesis (光合作用)to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water.They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.Scientists believe the world’s average temperature has risen by about 0.8℃since 1900,and nearly 0.2℃ every ten years since 1979.So far,efforts to cut emissions (排放) of planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2℃ this century—a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common,leading to drought,floods,crop failures and rising sea levels.1.What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?()A.Plants’ reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems.B.The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists’expectation.C.Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns.D.Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.2.We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that .A.plants’ flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafingB.there are 1,634 plant species on the four continentsC.scientists should improve the design of the experimentsD.the experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change3.Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because .A.they can prove the climate change clearlyB.they are very important in the food chainsC.they play a leading role in reducing global warmingD.they are growing and flowering much faster than before4.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the world’s temperature?()A.It has risen nearly 0.2℃ since 1979.B.Its change will lead to weather extremes.C.It is 0.8℃ higher in 1979 than that of 1900.D.It needs to be controlled within 2℃ in this century.语篇解读:本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类。
高考英语二轮复习方案专题限时训练(二十三)(新课标·广东专用) 科普知识型阅读理解2 Word版含解析
专题限时训练(二十三)[科普知识型阅读理解(二)](限时：25分钟)ALast night's meteor(流星)shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers.According to Gabe Rothschild, Emerald Valley's mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky.What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city's lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.‚My family was so frustrated，‛ admitted town resident Duane Cosby.‚We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.‛Astronomers—scientists who study stars and planets—have been complaining about this problem for decades.They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. This population consists of birds, bats, frogs，snakes，etc.For example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating (迁徙的)birds.According to the International DarkSky Association，‚100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.‛Countless more animal casualties(伤亡) result from the use of artificial lighting.Clearly，people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans，too.They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person's chances of getting cancer.Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution.For years, Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory.Similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.1．It happened last night that ________．A. the city's lights affected the meteor watchingB．the meteors flew past before being noticedC．the city light show attracted many peopleD．the meteor watching ended up a social outing2．What do the astronomers complain about?A．Meteor showers occur less often than before.B．Their observation equipment is in poor repair.C．Light pollution has remained unsolved for years.D．Their eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting.3．What is the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4?A. Birds may take other migration paths.B．Animals' living habits may change suddenly.C．Varieties of animals will become sharply reduced.D．Animals' survival is threatened by outdoor lighting.4．Lighting regulations in Flagstaff, Arizona are put into effect to________．A．lessen the chance of getting cancerB．create an ideal observation conditionC．ensure citizens a good sleep at nightD．enable all creatures to live in harmony5．What message does the author most want to give us?A．Saving wildlife is saving ourselves.B．Great efforts should be made to save energy.C．Human activities should be environmentally friendly.D．New equipment should be introduced for space study.BStudying volcanoes is a demanding profession. Hazel Rymer frequently has to struggle through rainforests, climb to the top of mountains, then climb 200 metres into the crater of active volcanoes. But the 38yearold volcanologist does her best to make it sound less alarming than it is. ‚Driving to work is more risky，‛she insists. ‚And the deepest I go into the crater of a volcano is about 300 metres，‛ she adds, trying to make it all sound as ordinary as taking the dog for a walk.Hazel has been studying volcanoes for a long time, so it's not surprising she is used to the danger. Her interest in volcanoes began at school. A teacher gave her a book about Pompeii. ‚I remember reading about the eruption of Vesuvius and the destruction of the city，‛ she explains. ‚The thought of all those people just frozen in time had quite an effect on me and I am still excited by their dangerous beauty today.‛Nowadays, volcanoes are getting more and more unpredictable. There have been many changes in sea level caused by global warming and melting ice caps. These have resulted in some dormant volcanoes erupting, so studying them is more dangerous than ever before. Hazel says that although she doesn't take any unnecessary risk, she has had some frightening moments. Her worst experience was on the slopes of Mount Etna in Sicily, when she was slowly surrounded by lava. ‚I had a choice of walking ten hours to get around the lava flow or just walking across it，‛ she explains. She chose to pick a path across the cooler rocks in the lava stream. ‚I guess it was five metres. The flow was 1，000°C, so if you hesitated, your boots would begin to melt. It was scary, but it really was a practical decision—there wasn't time to do anything else.‛And what about the future? ‚I haven't been to the volcanoes in Indonesia yet.And I would love to spend some time working in the Antarctic，‛ she says. ‚I would also like to know why quiet lava flows erupt from some volcanoes and why other volcanoes go bang.‛ In other words, Hazel Rymer won't be exchanging her volcanoes for the relative safety of driving to work just yet.1. Hazel's claim that ‚driving to work is more risky‛than exploring volcanoes shows that ________．A．people have exaggerated the dangers of volcanoes in the pastB．Hazel does not really understand the dangerous situations she puts herself inC．there are many bad drivers in the place where Hazel livesD．Hazel is being modest and understating the dangers she faces2. When did Hazel first become interested in volcanoes?A．When she was visiting Italy.B．When she was at school.C．When she was twenty.D．When she saw Vesuvius.3. The underlined word ‚These‛(in Paragraph 3) refers to ‚________‛．A．melting ice capsB．volcanic eruptionsC．changes in sea levelD．higher temperatures4. When Hazel was on Mount Etna, she had to ________．A．take a dangerous routeB．take an unnecessary riskC．leave her boots behindD．walk for ten hours around the mountain5. In the future, Hazel wants to ________．A．revisit volcanoes she knowsB．go on holiday to the AntarcticC．find a less dangerous jobD．discover new things about volcanoesCOnline clothes shoppers will be told exactly what size is best, for them using new software which combines with their webcam or smart phone to form a ‚3D tape measure‛.Scientists from Surrey University and design experts from the London College of Fashion are developing a programme which can take precise waist, hip, chest and other measurements from camera images.Using the person's height as a starting point, the software will be able to build up and estimate their size at various different points on the body, based on their overall proportions.The result will be a more accurate sizing guide than previous systems based on the waist size or a ‚small/medium/large‛scale, which rely on limitedmeasurements and the buyer's perception of their own body size.Shoppers and retailers(零售商) who choose to sign up for the project could save millions of pounds a year in postage costs by removing the need to order multiple sizes of the same garment(服装) and send back illfitting clothes, researchers claimed.The project, sponsored by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC), is expected to be brought to market within two years.After choosing an item, the shopper will activate the software, enter their height, stand in front of their webcam or smart phone in their underwear and take a photograph.The software will not store or transmit the image to the Internet, but will use it to judge the person's dimensions at various points on their body.Philip Delamore of the London College of Fashion said, ‚The potential benefits for the fashion industry and for shoppers are huge. Currently, it's common for online shoppers to order two or three different sizes of the same item of clothing at the same time, as they're unsure which one will fit best.‛1. What is the essential part of a ‚3D tape measure‛？A．A software.B．A webcam.C．A microphone.D．A smart phone.2. What can we learn about t he ‚3D tape measure‛？A．It will store or transmit the image to the Internet.B．It is based on the buyer's perception of their size.C．It will be a coworking production.D．It uses a person's weight as a starting point.3. Compared with the traditional sizing system, a ‚3D tape measure‛ is________．A．quicker B．more preciseC．more beautiful D．more vivid4. How can the ‚3D tape measure‛ benefit online shoppers?A．Online shoppers will get their ordered garment in time.B．Online shoppers will get their ordered garment more quickly.C．Online shoppers will get an ordered garment of high quality.D．Online shoppers will get an ordered garment to their measure.5. What is the right order for a shopper to form a ‚3D tape measure‛？①to take a photo with a webcam②to activate the software③to enter his/her height④to judge his or her size by analysing his or her imageA．①②③④ B．②①③④C．②③①④D．②③④①专题限时训练(二十三)A【要点综述】本文是一篇科普文，主要介绍了城市的光污染对日常生活、天文学家的工作以及动物的生活都产生了消极的影响。
2023届高考英语二轮阅读理解专题之科普知识类说明文(含参考答案、核心词汇背诵默写版、参考译文)
2023届高考英语二轮阅读理解专题之科普知识类说明文（含参考答案、核心词汇背诵默写版、参考译文）A篇Every person yawns. So do many other vertebrate (有脊椎的) animals, including snakes, dogs, cats, sharks, and chimpanzees. While yawning is contagious (会传染的), not everyone catches a yawn. Around 60-70% of people yawn if they see another person yawn in real life or in a photo or even read about yawning. Contagious yawning also occurs in animals, but it doesn’t necessarily work the same way as in people.Scientists have proposed many theories for why we catch yawns. Probably the most popular theory is that yawning serves as a form of nonverbal communication. Catching a yawn shows you’re accustomed to a person’s emotions. Scientific evidence comes from a 2010 study at the University of Connecticut, which concluded yawning does not become contagious until a child is about four years old when empathy (共情) skills develop. In the study, children with autism, who may have impaired empathy development, caught yawns less often than their peers.Studying contagious yawning in other animals may provide clues to how people catch yawns. Contagious yawning in animals may serve as a means of communication. Siamese fighting fish yawn when they see their mirror image or another fighting fish, generally just prior to an attack.Contagious yawning is linked to temperature, in both animals and people. Most scientists speculate it is a thermoregulatory behavior, while some researchers believe it is used to communicate a potential threat or stressful situation. A 2010 study of budgerigars (虎皮鹦鹉) found that yawning increased as temperature was raised near body temperature.People commonly yawn when tired or bored. Similar behavior is seen in animals. One study found the brain temperature in sleep deprived rats was higher than their core temperature. Yawning reduced brain temperature, possibly improving brainfunction. Researchers will do further study on this.1.What can we learn about yawning from Paragraph 1?A．All animals yawn.B．Reading about yawning may make a person yawn.C．Only vertebrate animals yawn.D．Yawning works the same for human and animals.2. Why does the author mention children with autism in Paragraph 2?A．To prove a theory.B．To define a conceptC．To develop the theme.D．To provide the background.3. Siamese fighting fish yawn to ________.A．show kindness.B．find a partner.C．give a threat.D．escape from danger.4. What can be inferred from the passage?A．More research in yawning will be carried out in the future. B．Temperature is not a factor concerning yawning.C．The secret to yawing has been worked out.D．Yawning can improve brain function greatly.B篇Using the power of artificial intelligence (AI) , scientists have revealed new insights into the creation and destruction of mass extinction. Contrary to conventional knowledge, their study suggests that larger extinctions are not always a form of "creative destruction" that allows new organisms (生物体) to radiate and evolve. Instead, it suggests that mass extinction is rarely associated with new species of radiation.Dr. Hoyal Cuthill, the lead study author from the University of Essex in the UK and the Tokyo Institute of Technology, said in a statement, “Some of the mostchallenging things to understand the history of life are the vast timelines involved and the number of species. New machine learning applications can help us understand this information in human-readable form. This means that we can, so to speak, hold the evolution of half a billion years in the palm of our hand and gain new insights from what we see.”They concluded that mass extinction and later radiation were not connected as previously thought. Within 5 percent of the most significant periods of disruption (中断), AI detected “big five” mass extinctions, seven more mass extinctions, two mass extinction-radiation events, and 15 mass radiations. Most importantly, it discovers that massive radiation and extinction rarely occurred with each other, changing the view that greater extinction leads to a kind of deep cycle-like species radiation of nature. It appears that larger extinctions are certainly not the engine of evolutionary radiation. Take the Cambrian eruption for example and it was about 41 million years ago when a large group of animals first appeared on the record of the first fossil record and the dawn of a high mobile animal equipped with modern physical features.This new study found that a handful of other notable explosions of biodiversity, including the Cambrian eruption, usually occurred at a time when they were largely isolated (隔离) from extinction. Dr. Nicholas Guttenberg, a study co-author from the Tokyo Institute of Technology explained, “Ecosystems are dynamic and you don't need anything to exist to allow something new to appear.”1. What does the first paragraph serve as?A. An explanation of artificial intelligence.B. A background of researchers' study.C. The reasons for creative destruction.D. The result of researchers' new study.2. What can we infer from Dr. Hoyal Cuthill's words?A. AI contributes a lot to the study of evolution.B. Understanding the history of life is very difficult.C. New AI machines learn applications better.D. Biological evolution can be controlled easily.3. What is the researchers' discovery?A. Mass extinction is unlikely to cause evolutionary radiation.B. The first animal with modern features occurred during eruption.C. The volcanic eruption led to a mass extinction and radiation.D. The idea of deep cycle-like species radiation has turned out true.4. What is the text mainly about?A. New processes of biological evolution.B. New view of radiation from natural species.C. New understanding of mass extinction.D. New outbreaks of biological populations.C篇Midway through The Matrix, Cypher feasts on an enormous steak, well aware that his reality is not real, part of a digital program telling his brain that the steak is a construction and that it is “juicy and delicious.” Two decades after the movie made its first appearance, something unexpected arises: The future of reality will not only be virtual but also synthetic (合成的). Cypher’s future meal will be a physical one, synthesized from animal cells.And the synthesis goes beyond dinner. Starting with components from the natural world, scientists are learning to engineer microorganisms and build biocomputing systems. However, biology has a tendency to evolve in unexpected ways.Synthesized meat is one case in point. The driving forces behind the meat movement are practical. It has been estimated that cultured (培育的) meat would require 7 to 45 percent less energy and produce 78 to 96 percent less greenhouse gas than conventional animals farmed for consumption. But once we’re able to synthesize meat, theoretically, we’ll have the capability to culture meat from any animal, even those we’d never consider eating today, like dolphins or chimpanzees, which will pose a new regulatory challenge for us.Using synthetic biology, we can even edit and rewrite life, the technology of which are already in use. In 2021, scientists in some countries announced they had grown monkey embryos injected with human stem cells. Here comes the situationworth considering: such a monkey-human hybrid will demonstrate qualities that are somewhere between humans, on which experimentation isn’t allowed, and animals, which are often raised specifically for research. How will we decide when an animal becomes too human?Depending on where you stand, the synthetic realities land somewhere between “really exciting” and “critically concerning.” As individuals, we undertake a shared responsibility to make good choices about this coming synthetic technology.1.What do we know about Cypher’s steak in the movie?A．It is anything but appetizing.B．It is enjoyed in a virtual world.C．It is synthesized from animal cell.D．It is a construction made by himself.2. What’s the advantage of synthesized meat?A．It is more nutritious.B．It is more energy-consuming.C．It is more environment-friendly.D．It is more controllable in regulation.3. What is the author’s attitude to the experiment in Paragraph 4?A．Cautious.B．Favorable.C．Pessimistic.D．Indifferent.4. What is the purpose of the text?A．To popularize synthetic technology.B．To indicate challenges of synthetic technology.C．To stress the importance of synthetic technology.D．To introduce the development of synthetic technology.参考答案A1.B2.A3.C4.A参考答案B1.D2.A3.A4.C参考答案C1.B2.C3.A4.B1.yawn/jɔːn/v.打哈欠2.shark n.鲨鱼3.contagious/kənˈteɪdʒəs/adj.传染的4.propose v.提议- proposal n.提议5.theory n.理论6.verbal&oral adj.口头的7.be accustomed to doing sth8.impair/ɪmˈpeə(r)/v.损害，削弱9.peer n.同龄人10.clue n.线索11.serve as a means of communication充当交流的手段12.mirror image 镜像13.prior to...先于......14.speculate/ˈspekjuleɪt/v.猜测15.a potential threat/buyer/customer潜在的危险/买家/顾客16.a stressful situation17.deprive/dɪˈpraɪv/ v.剥夺，使丧失18.core n.核心，果核19.brain function大脑功能20.concerning prep.关心1.yawn/jɔːn/v._____2.shark n._____3.contagious/kənˈteɪdʒəs/adj.______4.propose v.提议- ________ n.提议5.theory n._____6._______&oral adj.口头的7.be accustomed ____(do) sth8.______/ɪmˈpeə(r)/v.损害，削弱9._____ n.同龄人10._____ n.线索11.serve as ___ means of communication充当交流的手段12.mirror image _____13.prior ___...先于......14.________/ˈspekjuleɪt/v.猜测15.a potential threat/buyer/customer潜在的_____/____/_____16.a ________(stress) situation17.________/dɪˈpraɪv/ v.剥夺，使丧失18._______ n.核心，果核19.brain function_______20.________(concern) prep.关于1.reveal v.揭露2.insight into...对......的洞悉3.destruction n.破坏4.mass extinction 大规模灭绝5.contrary to conventional knowledge和传统知识相反anism/ˈɔːɡənɪzəm/ n.生物，有机体organic/ɔːˈɡænɪk/adj.有机的7.radiate/ˈreɪdieɪt/v.流露，辐射8.evolve v.进化- evolution n.进化- evolutionary adj.进化的9.be associated with...和......有关10.timeline n.时间轴11.so to speak也就是说12.palm/pɑːm/n.手掌13.conclude- conclusion n.结论14.massive adj.大规模的15.it appears that…看来16.engine n.动力，引擎17.fossil/ˈfɒs(ə)l/n.化石18.the dawn of civilization文明的开端19.a handful of...少量的20.notable adj.显著的21.explode- explosion n.爆炸22.co- author联名作者23.ecosystem/ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ n.生态系统24.dynamic/daɪˈnæmɪk/adj.动态的，充满活力的1._______ v.揭露2.insight _____...对......的洞悉3.destruction n.破坏4.mass extinction ________5.contrary ____ conventional knowledge和传统知识相反anism/ˈɔːɡənɪzəm/ n.________ organic/ɔːˈɡænɪk/adj.______7.radiate/ˈreɪdieɪt/v.__________8.evolve v.进化- ________ n.进化- _________ adj.进化的9.be associated ____...和......有关10.timeline n.______11.so to speak________12._______/pɑːm/n.手掌13.conclude- ________n.结论14._______ adj.大规模的15.it appears that…看来...16_______ n.动力，引擎17.fossil/ˈfɒs(ə)l/n._____18.the _____ of civilization文明的开端19.a handful of...少量的20._______(note) adj.显著的21.explode- _______ n.爆炸22.co- author联名作者23.ecosystem/ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ n.________24._________/daɪˈnæmɪk/adj.动态的，充满活力的核心词汇C1.feast on ...尽情享受2.enormous/ɪˈnɔːməs/adj.巨大的3.construction/kənˈstrʌkʃn/n.建设4.juice- juicy taste- tastyponent/kəmˈpəʊnənt/n.成分6.have a tendency to do sth 趋势，倾向7.evolve- evolution - evolutionary8.in an unexpected way9.a driving force 动力10.it is estimated that…11.conventional adj.传统的12.consume- consumption n.消费13.theory- theoretical adj.理论上的14.capable- capability n.能力15.have the capability to do sth16.consider doing sth17.pose a new threat/challenge 18.edit v.编辑- editor n.编辑19.inject/ɪnˈdʒekt/ v.注射20.embryo/ˈembriəʊ/ n.胚胎21.popular- popularize v.普及22.stem cells 干细胞23.demonstrate v.展示24.hybrid/ˈhaɪbrɪd/n.混合物，杂种25.undertake a shared responsibility承担共同责任1.feast ____ ...尽情享受2.__________/ɪˈnɔːməs/adj.巨大的3._________/kənˈstrʌkʃn/n.建设4.juice-_____ taste- ______5.________/kəmˈpəʊnənt/n.成分6.have a _______ to do sth 趋势，倾向7.evolve- evolution - _________8.___ an unexpected way9.a driving force 动力10.___ is estimated that…11._________ adj.传统的12.consume- _________ n.消费13.theory- theoretical adj._____14.capable- _________ n.能力15.have the capability___(do) sth16.consider ______(do) sth17.____ a new threat/challenge 18.edit v.编辑- ______ n.编辑19._____/ɪnˈdʒekt/ v.注射20.embryo/ˈembriəʊ/ n.______21.popular- __________ v.普及22.stem cells ______23.__________ v.展示24.hybrid/ˈhaɪbrɪd/n.混合物，杂种25.undertake a ______(share) responsibility承担共同责任参考译文A每个人都会打哈欠。
2022高考英语二轮阅读理解讲与练(解析)-科普知识与现代技术(2)
2022高考英语二轮阅读理解讲与练（解析）-科普知识与现代技术（2）·专项训练AInventor, physicist, surveyor, astronomer, biologist, artist … Robert Hooke was all these and more. Some say he was the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th century. In the course of his work, he cooperated with famous men of science like Isaac Newton, and the great architect, Christopher Wren.Hooke’s early education began at home, under the guidance of his father. ③He entered Westminster School at the age of 13, and from there went to Oxford, where he came in contact with some of the best scientists in England. Hooke impressed them with his skills at designing experiments and inventing instruments. In 1662, at the age of 28, he was named Curator of Experiments at the newly formed Royal Society of London —meaning that he was responsible for demonstrating new experiments at the society’s weekly meetings. Hooke accepted the job, even though he knew that the society had no money to pay him!him in appreciation of his services to this branch of science.1. We can infer from Paragraph 2 that Hooke is ____.A. friendlyB. sociableC. creativeD. helpful2. Why possibly did Hooke accept the job as Curator of Experiments?A. Because his parents could n’t afford his education.B. Because his family needed his support.C. Because he wanted to please the famous scientists in England.D. Because he liked designing experiments.3. The cell got its name because of ____.A. its useB. its shapeC. Hoo ke’s favoritesD. Hooke’s experiences4. The last paragraph is to prove that ____.A. Hooke was the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th centuryB. Hooke was good at making discoveriesC. Hooke’s contributions were not limited to one filedD. Hooke was one of the greatest astronomers5. The best title for the text may be ____.A. The Greatest ScientistB. A Helper of NewtonC. A Brief Introduction to HookeD. Achievements of HookeBChildren start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy ;there’s no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your children’s curiousness . Firstly ,listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of seven year olds to talk about science as a job. The children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling, salary and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat facing one another in silence.Finally I said,“Now that we’refinished with your lists ,do you have questions of your own about science?”After a long pause, a boy raised his hand,“Have you ever seen a grasshopper(蚱蜢)eat? When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why?”This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours.Secondly ,give them time to think. ④Studies over the past 30 years have shown that ,after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more ,children give more logical , complete and creative answers.Thirdly, watch your language .Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don’t jump in with“That’s right” or “Very good”.These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior .But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying “That’s interesting” or “I’d never thought of it that way before”,or coming up with mo re questions or ideas.Never push a child to “Think”.It doesn’t make sense, children are always thinking, without your telling them to. What’s more ,this can turn a conversation into a performance. The ch ild will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target for your disagreement.Lastly, show; don’t tell. Real life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass(放大镜),and they’l l understand why you want them to wash before dinner. Rather than saying that water evaporates(蒸发),set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level dr op.1.According to the passage , children are natural scientists, and to raise their interest, the most important thing for adults to do is ____________.A. to let them see the world aroundB. to share the children’s curiosityC. to explain difficult phrases about scienceD .to supply the children with lab equipment2.In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word “lists” could best be replaced by ____________.A. any questionsB .any problemsC .questions from textbooksD .any number of questions3. According to the passage, children can answer questions in a more logical, complete and creative way if adults ____________.A. ask them to answer quicklyB. wait for one or two seconds after a questionC .tell them to answer the next dayD .wait at least for three seconds after a question4. In which of the following paragraph(s)does the author tell us what to say to encourage children in a science discussion?A. The second and third.B. The fourth and fifth.C. The fifth and sixth.D. The seventh.5. The author mentions all of the following techniques for adults to share with their children’s curiosity except that adults should ____________.A. tell their children stories instead of reciting(背诵)factsB. offer their children chances to see things for themselvesC. be patient enough when their children answer questionsD. encourage their children to ask questions of their ownCWhy does eating feel so good? The secret may lie in the head, not in the stomach, US researchers reported. Tests on rats show that the appetite hormone Ghrelin(开释激素开释肽) acts on pleasure receptors (感受器) in the brain. The findings may help researchers develop better diet drags.“In mice and rats, Ghrelin excites the same neurons (神经细胞) as delicious food, that is, neurons that provide the feeling of pleasure and the expectation of reward,” the researchers write in the Journal of Clinical Investigation. “These neurons are located in a region of the brain known as the ventral tegmental area (VTA)," wrote the researchers, headed by Dr. Tamas Horvath of the Yale University School of Medicine in Connecticut.Horvath's team found that Ghrelin, which is only discovered in the last decade, acts on a molecular structure on brain cells called the growth hormone secret receptor or GHSR for short.⑤When Ghrelin was put into this area of the rats' brains, they ate as hungrily as they did after being kept hungry overnight, the researchers said. Ghrelin is produced in the gut (肠道) and causes the brain to promote eating.Several hormones are known to be involved in eating and appetite, and studies have shown that influencing them can affect weight gain in rats and mice. Influencing human eating behavior has proven far more difficult, however.Horvath said it might be possible to design a drag that interfereswith GHSR and thus help people with eating disorders.1. Which is the best title for this passage?A. Eating Addiction Is All i n the HeadB. Researchers Finds Secrets of the BrainC. Hormones Explain Eating HabitsD. Researchers Develop Better Diet Drags-2. According to the passage, GHSR _________.A. is one kind of hormonesB. is a pleasure receptor in the brainC. lies in the gutD. causes eating disorders3. What's the possible application findings?A. To control the weight of mice and rats.B. To analyze hormones in animals.C. To make healthy diets for humansD. To develop better diet drugs.4. The underlined words "interferes with" in the last paragraph probably means “_________”.A. turns downB. results inC. acts onD. goes with5. According to the reported study, which of the following is TRUE?A. Several hormones affect weight gain in rats and mice.B. Ghrelin acts On GHSR.C. It's difficult for hormones to influence human eating behavior.D. Only ghrelin can cause the feeling of pleasure.·答案速递4. C 归纳题。
2022高考英语二轮阅读理解归类复习—科普知识(详解)
2022高考英语二轮阅读理解归类复习—科普知识（详解）AScientists at Royal Holloway，University of London and Queen Mary，University of London have discovered that bees learn to fly the shortest possible route between flowers even if they discover the flowers in a different order.Bees are effectively solving the“traveling salesman problem”，and they are the first creatures found to do this.The traveling salesman must find the shortest route that allows him to visitall locations on his route puters solve it by comparing the length of allpossible routes and choosing the shortest，and it can keep computers busy fordays.However，bees solve it without computer assistance using a brain the size ofgrass seed.Dr.Nigel Raine，from the School of Biological Sciences at Royal Holloway explains，“Bees solve traveling salesman problems every day.They visit flowers at multiple locations and because bees use lots of energy to fly，they find a route which keeps flying to a minimum.”The team used the computer to control artificial flowers to test whether bees would follow a route defined by the order in which they discovered the flowers or if they would find the shortest route.After exploring the location of the flowers，bees quickly learned to fly the shortest route.As well as improving our understanding of how bees move around the landscape pollinating crops and wild flowers，this research，which is due to be published in The American Naturalist，has other applications.Our lifestyle relies on networks such as traffic on the roads，information flow on the Web and business supply chains.By understanding how bees can solve their problems with such a tiny brain，we can improve our management of these everyday networks without needing lots of computer time.Dr.Raine adds，“Despite their tiny brains bees are capable of extraordinary feats of behavior.We need to understand how they can solve the traveling salesman problem without a computer.”Note：pollinate v t.授粉【语篇解读】英国的科学家发觉，蜜峰在花丛中飞行时，总是能够找到最近的路线，那个“销售员旅行难题”即使电脑也需要好几天才能解决。
2020届高考英语二轮复习题型专练：七选五(科教科普类)+Word版含答案
1、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Critical(批判的)thinking is the art of using reason to analyze ideas and dig deeper to get to our true potential. It doesn’t mean you’re thinking harder or longer. ①__________. Here are some tips and ideas to help you build a foundation for critical thinking.Question your assumptions. We make a lot of assumptions about almost everything. It’s how our brain processes certain pieces of information, and how we get along in everyday life. You could say they are the foundation of our critical framework. ②__________. Then the whole foundation needs to be rebuilt, from the bottom up.Don’t take information on authority until you've investigated it yourself. Instead ofdouble-checking everything anyone says, we tend to label information as either coming from a trustworthy or not trustworthy source. This keeps us from double-checking every piece of information that comes our way, saving time and energy. But it also keeps us from getting to the bottom of things we think of as coming from a trustworthy source, even when they don’t.③__________.Put yourself in other people’s shoes. Empathy can also help you develop your critical thinking skills. ④__________. You may find that a little understanding facilitates a deeper insight into other people and their behavior. The deeper your insight into yourself and others, the wiser your decisions will be.⑤__________. There is no way to learn better than learning from your friends. If you only want to be a big fish swimming in the little pond just because your ego(自负)feels good, keep this part. If you are wondering about how to develop critical skills, make friends with smart people and throw away your ego.A. Actually, it’s about thinking better.B. Surround yourself with people smarter than you.C. Be someone that people know that they can count on.D. You should not judge others until you fully understand their situation.E. But what if they turned out to be wrong, or at least not entirely truthful?F. The reason is that understanding does not always go with the right action.G. So what is published in a magazine or online doesn’t mean it’s necessarily true.2、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
高考英语二轮复习专题限时训练(二十二)(新课标) 科普知识型阅读理解 Word版含解析
2014高考英语二轮复习专题限时训练（二十二）（新课标）科普知识型阅读理解含解析(限时：25分钟)AThe forces that make Japan one o f the world's most earthquakeprone(有地震倾向的) countries could become part of its longterm energy solution.Water from deep below the ground at Japan's tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity.Although Japanese hightech companies are leaders in geothermal(地热的) technology and export it, its use is limited in the nation.“Japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy，” said Yoshiyasu Takefuji, a leading researcher of thermalelectric power production.The disastrous earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011 caused a reaction against atomic power, which previously made up 30 per cent of Japan's energy needs, and increased interest in alternative energies, which account for only 8 per cent.Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its natural energy, following the example of Iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 per cent of its needs.For now, geothermal energy makes up less than 1 per cent of the energy needs in Japan, which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.The biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploration and constructing the factories.Another problem is that Japan's potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden.“We can't even dig 10cm inside national parks，” said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric, adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.Researcher Hideaki Matsui said, “Producing electricity using hot springs is a decadeslong project.We also have to think about what to do for now a s energy supplies will decline in the short term.”The Earth Policy Institute in Washington, the US, believed Japan could produce 80，000 megawatts(兆瓦)and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology.Japanese giants such as Toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology, with a 70 per cent market share.In 2010, Fuji Electric built theworld's largest geothermal factory in New Zealand.1. What would be the best title for the text?A．Alternative energies in JapanB．The world's largest geothermal plantC．Japan takes the lead in geothermal technologyD．Japan thinks of geothermal energy2. What percentage of Japan's energy needs is geothermal energy?A．About 8%. B．Below 1%.C．Around 30%. D．Over 80%.3. According to Shigeto Yamada, the growth of geothermal power in Japan needs ________．A．a change of rulesB．financial supportC．local people's helpD．high technology4. Geothermal energy is considered as a longterm programme by ________．A．Yoshiyasu TakefujiB．Hideaki MatsuiC．Shigeto YamadaD．Yoko Ono5. It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that ________．A．the world's biggest geothermal plant was built by AmericaB．Japan will not export its geothermal technologyC．the potential of Japan's geothermal energy is greatD．it is hard to find geothermal energy in JapanBA blind baby is doubly handicapped. Not only is it unable to see, but because it cannot receive the visual stimulus(刺激)from its environment that a sighted child does, it is likely to be slow in intellectual development. Now the tenmonthold son of Dr and Mrs Dennis Daughters is the subject of an unusual psychological experiment designed to prevent a lag(滞后)in the learning process. With the aid of a sonartype electronic that he wears on his head, infant(婴儿) Dennis is learning to identify the people and objects in the world around him by means of echoes(回声)．The device is an improvement of the “Sonicguide”，an instrument produced by Telesensory Systems, Inc., of Palo Alto, Calif, and used by blind adults in addition to a sane or guide dog. As adapted for Dennis, it consists of a batterypowered system about the size of a half dollar that i s on a headgear. A transmitter sends out an ultrasonic(超声的) pulse that creates an 80 degree cone of sound at 6 feet. Echoes from objects within the cone are perceived (felt) as sounds that vary in pitch(音调) and volume(音量) with the size and distance of the object.The closer an object is, the lower the pitch, and the larger the object, the louder the signal. Hard surfaces produce a sharp ping, while soft ones send backsignals with a slightly fuzzy quality. An object slightly to the right of Dennis' sends back a louder sound to his right ear than to the left. Thus, by simply moving his head right and left and up and down, he can not only locate an object but also get some notion of its shape and size, thanks to the varying qualities of sounds reaching his ears as the cone of ultrasound(超声波) passes its_edge. Dennis likes to use the device to play a kind of peekaboo with his mother. Standing on his knee and facing her directly, he receives a strong signal in both ears. By turning his head away, he makes her se em to disappear. “From the first time he wore it，” says Mrs Daughters, “it was like a light going on in his head.”What remains to be determined is how well the device will help Dennis cope with his surroundings as he begins to walk and venture further into his environment.Meanwhile, Telesensory, Inc., is working on the development of sonar(声呐) device with somewhat the same sensitivity as Dennis' for use by schoolage children.1. Dr and Mrs Daughters' research is directed to ________．A．helping the blind to see and learn as well as othersB．benefiting the learning process of blind childrenC．solving blind children's psychological problemsD．finding out how children develop intellectually2. Infant Dennis becomes the subject of the experiment most probably because ________．A．he already lags behind the sighted childrenB．he leads a life as normal as any other childrenC．he is at the early stage of the learning processD．he has the aid of a sonartype electronic device3. What can we learn about infant Dennis' device?A．It's the first design that was designed for blind adults.B．Its battery is as small as a halfdollar coin.C．It is functionally similar to a sane or guide dog.D．It has been improved by Telesensory Systems, Inc.4. In the third paragraph, “its edge” refers to “________”．A．the edge of an objectB．the edge of the deviceC．the boundary of Dennis' movementD．the boundary of the pitch5. What is Telesensory Systems, Inc. most likely to think about infant Dennis' device?A．It had better be used by blind children from school age.B．It needs improving for use in a complicated environment.C．It may not be so suitable for the blind adults.D．It benefits blind children in terms of learning.CA great invention by an 18yearold high school student grew out of a simpleproblem most teenagers meet with.“I'm a teenager and I have a cellphone and my cellphone battery always dies, so I was really looking for a way to improve energy storage，” Eesha Khare said on Tuesday. “That's how I came across supercapacitors.”The teenager from California, who graduated from high school last week, won a $50，000 prize on May 17, 2013 at the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for creating a device that can store enough energy to charge a cellphone in 20 to 30 seconds.“It charges very quickly and can store a lot of energy，” Khare said. “The cool thing is that it's a lot thinner than one hair.”Khare hasn't used her invention to recharge a cellphone yet, but she used it to power a lightemitting diode (LED) in ord er to show its capability(容量). If used on cellphones, the supercharger would slide on to the phone's battery to charge it in a matter of seconds. The technology isn't available to consumers yet, and it could be years until it is.At an Intel event in Phoenix, Khare won the Intel Foundation Young Scientist Award, taking second place overall in the world's largest high school science research competition. She beat out more than 1，600 finalists from 70 countries. She said that she has been contacted by several companies to continue her research, but is now focused on attending Harvard University in the fall.“Right now, just my education, but hopefully we'll see what happens in the future，” she said about her plans. “I have a lot of interests, so we'll see wha t I do in the future.”1. The passage starts with ________．A．what problem most teenagers meet with in lifeB．how Khare helped others with their problems专题限时训练(二十二)A【要点综述】文章主要讲述了日本正在考虑开发地热能这样一件事，因为日本是地震多发国家，国家地热能非常丰富，所以地热能将是日本的新型替代能源。
2020届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解 细节理解类 专项练习题(含答案)
2020届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解细节理解类【分类真题】（2019年课表全国卷二，C）Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s "me" time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half（53 percent）have breakfast alone and nearly half（46 percent）have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report."I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know?" Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. "Today, I just wanted some time to myself," she said.Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction（交流）. "I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week," he said. "It's a chance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan."That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. "It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology," said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.28. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?A. Food variety.B. Eating habits.C. Table manners.D.Restaurant service.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。
2022浙江宁波市高考英语二轮：阅读理解精炼(2)答案
2022浙江宁波市高考英语二轮：阅读理解精炼（2）答案2022高考英语阅读理解--历史类Elizabeth Mitchell’s new “Liberty’s Torch” is the fascinating story of how the Statue of Liberty came to be. The Statue of Liberty’s rough history is explored in “Liberty’s Torch”.Frederic Auguste Bartholdi is an all-but-forgotten figure in American history. He was, however, responsible for one of the most enduring symbols of the United States: the Statue of Liberty. A Frenchman from Alsace, he designed and built the Statue of Liberty which stood on Bedloe’s Island in New York Harbor. How this statue came to be is the fascinating subject of Elizabeth Michell’s new book “Liberty’s Torch”.The power of Mitchell’s narrative is convincing(令人信服的). We recognize the Statue of Liberty now as a symbol of hope and opportunity for a nation of immigrants. At the time, though, people could not see that－nor did they even imagine that. Instead, the construction of the statue was born of one man’s desire to set up a great monument.For this reason, perhaps, “Liberty’s Torch” relies on Bartholdi as the connecting thread. Bartholdi went to Egypt to make photographic copies of the main monuments. On the boat, Bartholdi met and began a lifelong relationship with Ferdinand de Lesseps, the man who would build the Suez Canal. Maybe it was this friendship, or maybe it was seeing Egypt’s huge monuments, but finally the trip inspired Bartholdi’s dream to create the largest statue ever built. Failure to bring this to completion in Egypt, followed by his exile (流放) from Paris, led Bartholdi to sail to America.By explaining the Statue of Liberty’s hard history and showing Bartholdi’s brave spirit, Mitchell has done a great service.【小题1】It can be inferred from the text that ________.A．American people have never forgotten Frederic August BartholdiB．the Statue of Liberty wasn’t originally regarded as a symbol of hopeC．Bartholdi finished the Suez CanalD．Bartholdi was a famous architect from Egypt.【小题2】What was the main reason for Bartholdi to build the Statue of Liberty?A．To finish his education in the arts.B．To mark his friendship with Ferdinand.C．To create something better than Egyptian monuments.D．To achieve his dream to create the largest statue. 【小题3】What type of writing is the passage?A．A travel guide. B．A book reviewC．An announcement D．An architecture report.2022高考英语阅读理解--历史类We grew up with the familiar toy bricks (积木) that gave us the imagination to build towers and castles. Generations have been attracted by this toy that lets children and adults alike create anything and everything. But with over 200 millions sets being sold a year in over 100 countries, the question remains — where did Lego actually come from?Lego was born from the creative mind of Danish carpenter (木匠), Ole Kirk Christiansen, back in the early 1930s. He established a small business in Denmark. He and his team built a variety of household goods like ironing boards along with wooden t oys. The Lego name was adopted in 1934, formed from the Danish words “Leg Godt” or “play well”, which means “I study” or “I put together” in Latin.Christiansen’s company continued to make wooden toys until 1942 when fire struck — the entire Lego factory burned to the ground. Unwilling to give in, the factory was rebuilt and the production line restarted soon after. By 1954, Christiansen’s son, Godtfred, had become the junior managing director of the Lego Group. It was during his conversation with an overseas buyer that he was struck by the idea of a toy system.For over 30 years, the Lego Company made only toys and related goods. Then, in 1968, the company opened its first Legoland in Denmark. Combining the Lego building bricks with a computer, the Robotics Invention System 1.5 is now the most advanced toy in the Lego Company, which is targeted at users aged twelve and above, and that includes any parents or grandparents that want to join in.Now the Lego Company is expanding its production lines to include lights, cameras and so on. Lego Company has done a lot to entertain many children around the world.【小题1】The author presents the text by ________.A．telling an interesting storyB．showing the process in different stagesC．introducing a practical methodD．describing many different activities【小题2】Which of the following is NOT true about the Robotics Invention System 1.5?A．It is the most advanced toy in the Lego Company.B．It combines the Lego building bricks with a computer.C．It is intended for users aged twelve and above.D．It is the most expensive toy invented since 1968.【小题3】What is the correct order of the following events in the development of Lego?a. The entire Lego factory burned to the ground.b. The company and its products adopted the name Lego.c. The company opened its first Legoland in Denmark.d. Godtfred had become the junior managing director of the Lego Group.A．cadb B．cbad C．abcd D．badc【小题4】What can we learn from the text?A．The Lego Company expands its production lines with computers.B．The author thinks highly of Lego, which entertains many children.C．The name Lego means “I put together” in the Danish language.D．Lego enjoys the greatest popularity among children of 12.阅读下面短文，把握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
高考英语二轮阅读理解讲与练解析科普知识与现代技术
2021高考英语二轮阅读理解讲与练〔解析〕-科普知识与现代技术〔1〕A year ago August, Dave Fuss lost his job driving a truck for a small company in west Michigan. His wife, Gerrie, was still working in the local school cafeteria, but work for Dave was scarce, and the price of everything was rising. The Fusses were at risk of joining the millions of Americans who have lost their homes in recent years. Then Dave and Gerrie received a timely gift — $ 7,000, a legacy (遗产) from their neighbors Ish and Arlene Hatch, who died in an accident. “It really made a difference when we were going under financially，〞says Dave.But the Fusses weren’t the only folks in Alto and the neighboring town of Lowell to receive unexpected legacy from the Hatches. Dozens of other families were touched by the Hatches’ generosity. In some cases, it was a few thousand dollars; in others, it was more than $100,000.It surprised nearly everyone that the Hatches had so much money, more than $3 million — they were an elderly couple who lived in an old house on what was left of the family farm. Children of the Great Depression, Ish and Arlene were known for their habit of saving. They thrived on (喜欢) comparisonshopping and would routinely go from store to store，checking prices before making a new purchase.Through the years, the Hatches paid for local children to attend summer camp when their parents couldn’ t afford it.“Ish and Arlene never asked if you needed anything，〞says their friend Sandy Van Weelden, “They could see things they could do to make you happier, and they would do them.〞Even more extraordinary was that the Hatches had their farmland distributed. It was the Hatches’ wish that their legacy — a legacy of kindness as much as one of dollars and cents —should enrich the whole community (社区) and last for generations to come.Neighbors helping neighbors —that was Ish and Arlene Hatch’ s story.【出处：济南中学2021寒假练习】体裁：夹叙夹议话题：本文主要介绍了一对关心邻里、无私奉献旳夫妻.他们把自己旳财产留给需要旳人，强调人人互助，世界就会更美好.阅读策略：细读作者表达旳事实，抓住作者旳观点，理清文章旳构造入选理由：文章旳话题出现频率高，永做不衰旳话题1．According to the text, the Fusses ________.A. were employed by a truck companyB. were in financial difficultyC. worked in a school cafeteriaD. lost their home2．Which of the following is true of the HatchesA. They had their children during the Great Depression.B. They left the family farm to live in an old house.C. They gave away their possessions to their neighbors.D. They helped their neighbors to find jobs.3．Why would the Hatches routinely go from store to storeA. They decided to open a store.B. They wanted to save money.C. They couldn’ t afford expensive things.D. They wanted to buy gifts for local kids.4．According to Sandy Van Weelden, the Hatches were________.A. understandingB. optimisticC. childlikeD. curious5．What can we learn from the textA. The community of Alto was poor.B. The summer camp was attractive to the parents.C. Sandy Van Weelden got a legacy from the Hatches.D. The Hatches would like the neighbors to follow their example.三1.[解析] 事实细节题.从第一段前三句话可以看出，Fuss夫妇现在正处于经济困境中，所以B为正确答案.A、C项与文中有关细节不符，D项在文中没有信息支持.[答案] B2.[解析] 事实细节题.第四段第一句话说Hatch夫妇是在大萧条时期出生旳，而不是他们在大萧条时期有了孩子，排除A；第三段提到他们旳老房子位于他们家旳农场里，B错误；第二段提到他们帮助有困难旳邻居们，但并未提及帮他们找工作，D错误.C项说他们把自己旳财产捐赠给邻居，符合文意，故答案为C.[答案] C3.[解析] 推理判断题.第四段提到他们有节约旳习惯，买东西之前喜欢一个商店一个商店地比拟价格，显然是为了省钱，故答案为B.A，他们决定开个商店；C，他们买不起贵旳东西；D，他们想给当地旳孩子买礼物，都明显与文意不符.[答案] B4.[解析] 推理判断题.从文章第五段Sandy Van Weelden旳话中可知，the Hatches从来不问你需要什么，而是能够发现你需要旳东西，然后就来帮助你，这说明他们非常善解人意，故答案为A.B表示乐观旳；C表示孩子气旳，天真烂漫旳；D表示好奇旳，明显不符合文意.[答案] A5.[解析] 推理判断题.A项错在这个地区很贫困，文章只是说这里有经济困难旳人，并不是说这里是一个贫困地区；B项错在parents 上；C项说Sandy Van Weelden得到了Hatches夫妇旳一份遗产，文章只是提到他对他们旳评价，并未说他得到遗产之事；从文章倒数第二段第二句话以及最后一段可以看出，Hatches夫妇旳愿望就是他们旳遗产能够为社区以及子孙后代造福，邻里之间能够互相帮助，故答案为D.[答案] D.*******************************************************完毕2.这种科普文章多为说明文，要求考生根据上下文语境逻辑推断其指代对象.解题时应认真分析动作转换背景，区分动作不同执行者，从而准确判断代词旳正确指代；判断正确旳流程顺序、正确旳生产方法、正确旳机械配制.解题时一定要认真阅读分析创造创造诞生过程与工艺流程过程旳介绍，以提高理解准确率.分析备选项时应对照原文介绍情况，以便最终做出正确判断.3.着重提醒自然界潜在奥秘，多解释性、定义性、说明性长句，甚至可能会出现多种从句叠现旳现象，因此说明文时同学们一定要保持冷静，始终以平静旳心态阅读原文，解答试题.同时应认真分析长句句子构造与逻辑关系，这样才能对其做出准确理解.4. 科普文章因为其内容旳客观性，所以作者旳态度也往往采取中立.一般用言简意赅旳文字介绍、解释事理.一般来说，都写得条理清楚，有一定旳说明顺序与说明方法.5. 科普文旳第一句通常为主题句，开宗明义、点明全文要说明旳对象，如上所述，说明文旳行文方式有其特点，即主要有比拟、对照与分类几种格式，每篇短文以一种为主，有时几种兼用.6. 我们同时还要注意一些关于如何培养、知道学生、孩子旳科普意识旳建议方面旳文章.·链接高考链接1. 〔2021山东卷〕For those who are tired of doing the laundry, Samsung has found an answer: a washing machine that can tell you when your laundry is done via a smartphone app (application). Strange though it may seem—“my wife already does that" was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) this week-Samsung is just one of many appliancemake* racing to install (安装) a large number ofinternet-connected features in machines in an effort to make them "smart. "Last year, it was a refrigerator that tweeted. This year, it's Wi-Fi-enabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad.The washers and dryers, available starting in the spring, connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application. The phone can then be used a remote control, so the machines can be turned on and off while their owner is at work or on the bus.Samsung says it's not just something new-the app connection actually has some practical uses."If you started to dry clothes in the moving and forgot to take them out, you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when you come home, so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go,〞said spokesperson Amy Schmidt.The company also says that with electricity rates (电价) varying depending on the time of day, more control over when the machines are used can help save money.Perhaps, but what they will probably really accomplish iswhat all good technologies do—enable laziness. Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.72. What can be inferred from the common response of the attendees at the CESA. The machine will be a big success.B. Their wives like doing the laundry.C. The machine is unrelated to their life.D. This kind of technology is familiar to them.73. What can we learn about the new laundry machinesA. They can tell you when your clothes need washing.B. They can be controlled with a smartphone.C. They are difficult to operate.D. They are sold at a low price.74. ____________________________ We can conclude from Samsung's statements that ____ .A. t he app connection makes life easierB. it is better to dry clothes in the morningC. smartphones can shorten the drying timeD. we should refresh clothes back at home75. What is the main idea of the last paragraphA. The laundry should be frequently checked.B. Lazy people like using such machines.C. Good technologies also cause problems.D. Television may help do the laundry.链接2. 〔2021安徽卷〕In Asia, there are special competitions where kites have complex designs and are fitted with instruments that make musical sounds as the wind blows through them. Although all kites have a similar structure 〔构造〕, they are widely different in size and shape. Kite-fighting competitions are also held, in which competitions us their kites to attack and bring down their opponents’〔对手〕kites or cut their strings 〔线〕.For more than 15 years, the Big Wind Kite Factory has been giving kite-making and kite flying classes for the children on an island in Hawaii. In its kite-making lessons, students can make kites in as little as 20 minutes! Children as young as four years old can learn how to fly a kite. Jonathan Socher and his wife Daphne started the kite factory in 1980. their kites are made of nylon〔尼龙〕.Their designs are Hawaiian themes created by Daphne. The designs are cut out of the nylon with a hot knife that seals the edges and then fastened directly onto the kite.The kite that is used to give lessons is regular diamond kite with a rainbow pattern. The difference between this kite and the ones they make during the lessons is that it is atwo-string controllable kite. Big Wind employees fly the kite and for a few minutes show students how pulling on one line and then on the other controls the direction the kite goes in. Then the controls are given to the studentsJonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a huge impressive kite to have fun making and flying kites. Even the simplest structure can work, and can give hours of fun. Go on, give it a try!68. Which of the following is true according to the textA. A hot knife is used to iron the nylon.B. Children never fly kites on their own in flying lessons.C. Kite strings must not be cut in kite-fighting competitions.D. Daphne designs kites for the Big Wind Kite Factory.69. What is different about the kite used for flying lessonsA. It has two strings.B. It is simple in designC. It has a rainbow pattern.D. It is shaped like a diamond.70.According to Jonathan ,what do you need to have fun with kitesA. A large kite. B Any type of kite.C. A complex structure.D. A kite that impresses others.71.What is mainly described in the textA . A kite factory B. Kite-flying lessons.C .Special competitions.D .The kite-making Process.【考点】日常生活类—科技说明文【文章大意】.本文讲旳是由Jonathan与他旳妻子组建旳the Big Wind Kite Factory旳制造旳各种各样旳飞机与Jonathan给孩子们传授制造各种各样旳飞机旳课.68.【答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题.根据文章第三段“Jonathan Socher and his wife Daphne started the kite factory in 1980. their kites are made of nylon〔尼龙〕.Their designs are Hawaiian themes created by Daphne.〞可知D项正确.【难度】较难链接3 〔2021安徽卷〕Welcome to your future life!You get up in the morning and look into the mirror. Your face is firm and young-looking. In 2035, medical technologyis better than ever. Many people your age could live to be 150,so at 40, you’re not old at all. And your parents just had an anti-aging(抗衰老旳) treatment. Now, all three of look the same age !You say to your shirt , 〞Turn red.〞It changes from blue to red. In 2035, “smart clothes〞contain particles(粒子) much smaller than the cells in your body. The particles can be programmed to change clothes’ color or pattern.You walk into the kitchen . You pick up the milk ,but a voice says ,〞You shouldn’t drink that!〞Your fridge has read the chip (芯片) that contains information about the milk , and it Knows the milk is old . In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip .It’s time to go to work . In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your “smart car〞where to go. On the way , you can call a friend using your jacket sleeve . Such “smart technology〞is all around you.75.What is the text mainly aboutA. Food and clothing in 2035.B. Future technology in everyday life.C. Medical treatments of the future.D. The reason for the success of new technology.【考点】科幻类—说明文【文章大意】.本文讲旳是对未来旳生活吃，穿，住，工作等旳描述.72.【答案】D【试题解析】文章旳第二段“The particles can be programmed to change clothes’ color or pattern.〞可知答案.【难度】一般73.【答案】C【试题解析】段落大意题.根据文章第四段所讲旳，当到厨房旳时候，牛奶过期了，会有电子信息告诉你不能吃了.应选C项.【难度】一般74.【答案】D【试题解析】根据“It’s time to go to work . In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your “smart car〞where to go.〞可知D 项正确.【难度】一般75.【答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题.根据最后一段“For new technology to succeed,〞与后面旳the internet 可知下一段将要讲旳是科技.应选B项.【难度】一般。
高考英语(精讲+精练+精析)专题22 阅读理解——科普知识试题(含解析)1
专题22阅读理解——科普知识阅读【2017年高考命题预测】预测一高考阅读理解所选材料通常都是国外网站上的地道的英语文章，然后经过命题专家整合、改编而成。
文章主要介绍国内外的文化风俗、历史名胜、人文地理、著名人物等。
预测二文章的篇幅较短，词数多为280～330，兼顾多种体裁，通常有记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等，要求考生充分利用所给信息，回答文章提出的问题。
通常文章难度不大，关键是考查考生高效处理信息的能力，还要求考生对文章有更深层次的理解。
但是题目并不容易，很容易出错。
全国卷的命题逐渐向地方自主命题卷，尤其是新课标地区的试卷看齐，不断增加词汇量和文章长度，向新课标过渡。
预测三题目设置灵活多样，通常以细节理解题为主，推理判断题为辅，兼顾猜测词义、句意题及目的意图题和主旨大意题。
这种命题特点要求考生更好地了解文章中的有用信息，提高阅读速度。
【考点定位】2017考纲解读和近几年考点分布高考对说明文的考查多为科普说明文，它是阅读理解重要内容，也是高考考查难点。
科普类“阅读理解”题愈来愈受到命题者的青睐｡而科普类文章往往具有跨学科､行文逻辑性强等特点,要求考生能从文章的整体逻辑以及重要细节上全面把握｡【试题特点】①注重学科渗透,行文逻辑性强,内容抽象｡②贴近学生的学习､生活实际,有利于激发学生的思维,对选拔优秀考生有一定的作用｡③能全面地考查学生的综合阅读能力和运用所学知识去分析､解决实际问题的能力｡科普类文章往往具有跨学科、行文逻辑性强等特点:要求考生能从文章的整体逻辑以及重要细节上全面把握。
科普说明文常设置下列题型：(1)标题判断题科普说明文多出现标题判断题，考查考生对全文的理解，它常以What would be the best title for this passage。
为设问方式，解题时应特别注意因科普说明文常介绍动植物是如何保护自身的，因此多以How do does...defend themselves(itself)为标题。
【配套K12】高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解(3)
科普知识阅读理解（3）科普知识（阅读理解）由 (2012全国Ⅱ,B)改编You may think that sailing is a difficult sport,but it is really not hard to learn it.You do not need to be strong.But you need to be quick.And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.First,you must as k yourself,“Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side?”You must think about this all the time on the boat.The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.Let’s start with the wind blowing from behind.This mean s the wind and the boat are going in the same direction.Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat.It should be at a 90° angle (角度) to the boat.Then it will catch the wind best.If the wind is blowing from the side,it is blowing across the boat.In this case,you must keep the sail half way outside the boat.It should be at a 45° angle to the boat.It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind,but it shouldn’t flap (摆动).It shouldn’t look like a flag on a flagpole.If it is flapping,it is probably out too far,and the boat will slow down.Sailing into the wind is not possible.If you try,the sail will flap and the boat will stop.You may want to go in that direction.It is possible,but you can’t go in a straight line.You must go first in one direction and then in another.This is called tacking.When you are tacking,you must always keep the sail inside the boat.1.What should you consider first while sailing?( )A.Sailors’ strength.B.Wave levels.C.Wind directions.D.Size of sails.2.What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?( )A.The boat.B.The wind.C.The sail.D.The angle.3.What do you have to do when sailing against the wind?( )A.Move in a straight line.B.Allow the sail to flap.C.Lower the sail.D.Tack the boat.4.Where can you probably find the text?( )A.In a popular magazine.B.In a tourist guidebook.C.In a physics textbook.D.In an official report.语篇解读:本文为科普说明文。
高考英语二轮总复习 专项能力提升练 阅读理解 文体分类练3 说明文之科普知识类
Passage 1 Passage 2 Passage 3
1.How does the author show the research findings in paragraphs 2 and 3?
published this month in The Lancet(柳叶刀)Public Health,found that the more
of this labor women do,the worse their mental health.The findings point out women are more often diagnosed with anxiety and depression than men.
对时间要求高的。
Passage 1 Passage 2 Passage 3
3.What can we learn from paragraph 5?
√A.Women are generally expected to do more household labor.
B.Women will be punished by judges if they don’t keep their homes clean. C.Men feel stressed more often when they can’t take their children to the dentist. D.Men are supposed to take a child to an appointment instead of doing other housework. 解析 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Studies have shown that women feel pressure to keep their homes clean,for instance,and feel judged if they don’t.” 可知,妇女被期望从事更多的家务劳动。
高考英语二轮专题限时训练(38)科普知识型阅读理解(2)及答案
专题限时训练(三十八) [科普知识型阅读理解(二)](限时：25分钟)(一)A huge cloud of dust rose and an overpass disappeared. This was the scene in Zhuzhou, Hunan Province on May 17.Nine people were killed and sixteen injured.Things were similar in 2008 in the Sichuan earthquake. Thousands of people were buried in the ruins and lost their lives. What if we could have warned them?People are always racking_their_brains to find a way of preventing buildings' collapse. Better materials and technologies help, but they are not a solution.Just like humans, a building has its own life cycle from“birth” to “death”．If we know when a building is going to collapse, we can repair it in advance or get out of it before it falls.Now, scientists at the University of Illinois have developed a material that turns red before it breaks. The invention could be used in things like climbing ropes or bridge supports.The research was led by Nancy Sottos, a professor at the university's Beckman Institute, and Douglas Davis, a graduate research assistant.The secret behind the colourchanging material is a type of molecule(分子)．A molecule is a group of atoms held together by chemical bonds. Imagine you and your friends stand in a circle, holding hands. Each person stands for one atom; your hands represent the bonds，and the entire circle represents a molecule. If one person lets go of his or her hands, the molecule changes colour.The research team put the molecule into a soft material. When the researchers stretched the material, it turned bright red for a few seconds before it broke into two pieces. When they repeatedly stretched and relaxed the material，without breaking it, it only turned a little red.The major problem is that light can get rid of the red colour. When the team shone bright light on the molecule, the broken bond was fixed, and the colour disappeared.If the bright light keeps the red colour from appearing, the material's warning system will be useless. Scientists still have a lot of work to do before the colourchanging molecules can be used outside the lab.1．What does the passage mainly introduce?A．The collapse of an overpass in Zhuzhou, Hunan Province.B．The Sichuan earthquake.C．A material that turns red before it breaks.D．A way of preventing buildings from collapsing.2．The underlined wo rds “racking their brains” in the third paragraph mean “________”．A．suffering a lot B．collecting beyond imaginationC．losing a lot D．thinking very hard3．Which of the following is a WRONG statement?A．Thousands of people died from the collapse of buildings in the Sichuan earthquake because they hadn't been warned.B．There is no building that will never collapse.C．A new material has been applied to buildings to warn people of collapse.D．A colourchanging material can turn red before it breaks.4．What can we infer from the passage?A．The colourchanging molecules are certain to be used outside the lab.B．There will be no collapse with the help of the colourchanging material.C．There is a long way to go before the material can be applied.D．The problem caused by bright light will be solved by scientists.(二)The sound of a mosquito can mean trouble in many parts of the world. The bite of the mosquito can be deadly. The insects carry serious diseases like malaria. It is estimated that almost 630,000 p eople died from malaria and malariarelated causes in 2018, and most of these cases were in African countries.In the United States, a group of California scientists are working to develop a more effective and less costly substance(物质) to protect people from mosquitoes. The researchers are investigating the sense of smell in mosquitoes. They found the insects use the same receptor(感受器) for identifying carbon dioxide in human breath as they do for the smell of our skin. Anandasankar Ray, who is leading the investigation, says scientists tested more than a million chemical compounds(化合物) until they found a substance called Ethyl pyruvate. He says Ethyl pyruvate makes the mosquitoes' receptors inactive.“When we apply Ethyl pyruvate to a human arm and offer it t o hungry mosquitoes in a cage, very few of the mosquitoes are attracted to the human arm because only a few of them are able to smell it out，” said Ray.Genevieve Tauxe, a member of the research team, says it was not easy to find the neurons(神经元) of noble cells that recognize both the smell of human breath and skin.“With the device used to examine the mosquito, we are able to insert a very small electrode(电极) into the part of the mosquito's nose, where its smelling neurons are and where the smell is happening，” said Tauxe.Anandasankar Ray says a product based on Ethyl pyruvate may cost less to produce than DEFT，the most effective chemical treatment now in use. He says DEFT is too costly for most people who live in areas affected by malaria.“Perhaps by fin ding smells that can attack other target receptors, we will be able to improve upon DEFT and finally have the next generation of insect behaviour control products，”said Ray.5．The best title of the passage is most probably “________”．A．Scientists find a new substance to fight mosquitoesB．A new generation of DEET has been developed to kill mosquitoesC．Malaria—a serious disease causing 630,000 deathsD．Ethyl pyruvate—an insect behaviour control product6．According to the passage, Ethyl pyruvate can________.A．kill the mosquitoes' smelling neuronsB．cause the mosquitoes to lose their senses of smellC．result in the inactiveness of the mosquitoes' receptorsD．make the mosquitoes uninterested in human breath and skin smell7．Through the passage, the writer aims to________.A．inform readers of the new development in fighting mosquitoesB．praise the achievements made in the battle against malariaC．introduce a cheaper product in fighting mosquitoesD．tell the differences between Ethyl pyruvate and DEET8．This passage most probably appears in________.A．the column of newspaper adsB．the health column of a magazineC．a textbook of medical schoolsD．a collection of doctors' essays(三)A hug from someone you love gives warmth and comfort. They are familiar feelings that we sometimes forget about, and few of us realize that our lives depend on our sense of touch. Touch is the first sense babies develop while in their mother's womb(子宫). In fact, it is the memory of being surrounded by warm liquid that makes babies want to be held or wrapped in soft blankets. Like all our senses, touch depends on a special organ. Other sense organs, like eyes, ears, nose and mouth, are located in one place. But the touch organ is the skin, our biggest organ, which stretches over our whole body.However, our sense of touch does more than just tell us if something is soft, hard, rough or smooth. It helps keep us from danger. Imagine relying on your sense of smell to tell you that your hand is burning on a hot pan!Researches show that babies who are not held or touched can become sick and even die. Scientists have also studied how touch influences brain growth. Babies who are rarely touched often have much smaller brains than babies who get lots of hugs and attention, and they may develop behaviour problems as they grow up. In the 1950s a psychologist did an experiment on baby monkeys. He took the monkeys away from their mothers and put them into cages with two fake mother monkeys. One was made of wire and had a milk bottle tied to it. The other one was made of wood, covered in terry cloth, and did not have a milk bottle. The psychologist thought the monkeys would go to the wire mother because it had food. However, he saw that the monkeys held onto the terry cloth mother for hours, preferring the feeling of warmth and softness over food. From the monkey's behaviour, the scientists discovered that babies need more than something to eat, they also need soft touch.9. Babies like to be wrapped in warm blankets because________.A. it makes them feel as if they were still in their mother's wombB. babies have cold skinC. the blanket feels like the mother's skinD. it keeps them from becoming sick10. How is the touch organ different from the other sense organs?A. It is found in only one location of the body.B. It does not keep us from danger.C. It spreads over our entire body.D. It does not send information directly to the brain.11. Babies who are not often hugged and held can develop all of the following problems EXCEPT________.A. sickness and deathB. a smaller brain sizeC. behaviour problemsD. blindness12. Based on the experiment with the baby monkeys, which of the following is mentioned?A. Babies hold on to their mothers only when they are hungry.B. Baby monkeys, like human babies, need soft touch.C. The behaviour of the baby monkeys is different from that of human babies.D. The baby monkeys had undeveloped brains.专题限时训练(三十八)【科普知识型阅读理解(二】(一)【文章大意】这篇文章主要介绍了一种在坏掉之前可以变成红色的材料，介绍了材料变色的原理。
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2016高考英语二轮（浙江）科普知识阅读理解（3）解析答案科普知识（阅读理解）由(2013北京,D)改编MultitaskingPeople who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once,a new research suggests.The findings,based on performances and self-evaluations by about 275 college students,indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity,but because they are easily distracted(分心) and can’t focus on one activity.And“those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things,” said David Sanbonmatsu,a p sychologist at the University of Utah.Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked,how good they thought they were at it,and how sensation-seeking(寻求刺激) or impulsive(冲动) they were.They then evaluated the participants’ multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters.Not surprisingly,the scientists said,most people thought they were better than average at multitasking,and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once.But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test.They also were more likely to admit to sensation-seeking and impulsive behavior,which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted.“People multitask not because it’s going to lead to greater productivity,but because they’re distractible,and they get sucked into things that are not as important.”Sanbonmatsu said.Adam Gazzaley,a researcher at the University of California,San Francisco,who was not a member of the research group,said one limitation of the study was that it couldn’t find out whether people who start out less focused tend toward multitasking or whether people’s recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.The findings do suggest,however,why the sensation-seekers who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving.“People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations,”said Paul Atchley,another researcher not in the group.“This may partly explain why people go in for these situa tions even though they’re dangerous.”1.The research led by Sanbonmatsu indicates that people who multitask .A.seek high productivity constantlyB.prefer handling different things when getting boredC.are more focused when doing many things at a timeD.have the poorest results in doing various things at the same time2.When Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues conducted their research,they .A.assessed the multitasking ability of the studentsB.evaluated the academic achievements of the studentsC.analyz ed the effects of the participants’ tricky mental tasksD.measured the changes of the students’ understanding ability3.According to Sanbonmatsu,people multitask because of their .A.limited power in calculationB.interests in doing things differentlyC.inability to concentrate on one taskD.impulsive desire to try new things4.From the last paragraph,we can learn that multitaskers usually .A.drive very skillfullyB.go in for different tasksC.fail to react quickly to potential dangersD.refuse to explain the reasons for their behavior语篇解读:本文为一篇科普文,介绍了Sanbonmatsu与他的同事们的一项研究结果:同时做很多事情的人往往会有最糟糕的结果,这是因为这些人做事情不专心,他们不能对潜在的危险作出迅速的反应。
答案及剖析:1.D细节理解题。
由文章第一段的“People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once...”可知,这样的人在同时做很多事情时往往会有最差的结果,故正确答案为D项。
2.A细节理解题。
文章第二段提到他们让参与测试的学生做这做那,然后他们“evaluated the participants’ multitasking ability with a tricky mental task...”,由此可知,Sanbonmatsu和他的同事们在测试中评估了学生们的多任务处理能力。
3.C细节理解题。
根据第一段后半部分中的“but because they are easily distracted(分心)and can’t focus on one activity.”可知,人们进行多任务化的原因是他们不具备专注于一项任务的能力。
此外,倒数第三段的内容也有提示。
故选C项。
4.C推理判断题。
根据最后一段中的“People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations.”可知,喜欢多任务化的人一般对危险情况不太敏感,由此可推断他们通常不能对潜在的危险做出快速的反应。
故C项正确。
【疑难词汇解读】1.multitask vt.承担多项任务,做多项工作Those who often multitask may face more pressures.那些经常承担多项任务的人,可能要面对更多的压力。
2.distractible adj.注意力分散的;心烦意乱的。
It is dangerous if you are distractible while driving如果你开车时精力不集中,那是很危险的。
阅读理解。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2014·枣庄高三模拟)Microsoft founder Bill Gates has opened up about being a parent，stating that 13 is an appropriate age for a child’s first cell phone.The 57-year-old，father-of-three，revealed on The Today Show that his children Jennifer and Rory were not allowed phones until their 13th birthday and his youngest daughter Phoebe is still waiting for one.“We’ve chosen in our family that it’s 13 where you get a phone，” the selfmade billionaire explained.He said as a result his children often return home from school complaining，“A ll the other kids have one.I’m the only one without one.It’s so embarrassing.”Asked if he keeps passwords to his son and daughters’ email and Facebook accounts，Mr Gates said that he doesn’t for Jennifer,16，who he describes as “independent”．He admitted that monitoring online activity is “a very tricky issue for parents now”．Despite their vast wealth Mr and Mrs Gates，who live in Lake Medina，have said they want to give their children as normal an upbringing as possible.It was previously reported that their youngsters have to complete household chores and are given a modest amount of pocket money.And in 2010 Mr Gates said that he intends to give most of his $61 billion fortune away rather thanhand it down.“That wouldn’t be good either for my kids or society，” he said.Also during the Today interview with host Matt Lauer，Mr Gates，who stepped down from Microsoft in 2008 to concentrate on philanthropy，said that helping others gives him the same excitement as creating software.“What you really feel is what you’ve achieved.If a piece of software gets out there and lots of people love it—it lets them get their work done in better ways—that’s exciting，” he explained.1．Bill Gates will not let his children own a cell phone________.A．until they reach the age of 13B．if they don’t really need oneC．unless they do some houseworkD．before they become independent2．Which of the following is true about Bill Gates’ children?A．All his children now have cell phones.B．Phoebe has her own cell phone.C．They are not given any pocket money.D．Jennifer can use the Internet freely.3．What does the underlined word “That” refer to in the text?A．Being a parent as a billionaire.B．Handing all his money down to his children.C．Allowing his children to have their phones.D．Giving away all his money to good causes.4．What can we learn about Bill Gates from the text?A．He is a warm-hearted father to his children.B．He has created a lot of software since 2008.C．He now devotes himself to helping othersD．He cares more about money than anything else.5．What is the text mainly about?A．How Bill Gates made himself a billionaire.B．How Bill Gates deals with his money.C．How Bill Gates managed his business.D．How Bill Gates brings up his children.语篇解读本文为一篇说明文。