山东财经大学chaptertwo汉译英词语的翻译
全新版大学英语第二版第二册Unit2课文译文及参考答案
一个疑惑不解的小孩提的一个问题促使卡尔·格林思考：虽然他没有贵重的财物，但他在其他许多方面却是富有的。
富足的一生卡尔·格林首次面对这个问题，是在2003年12月初，我第一次为救世军摇铃募捐的时候。
当时我就站在沃尔玛商场入口处门外，对每一位向我的红壶里投入捐款的人都报以一声“谢谢”和一个微笑。
一位穿着整洁的妇人牵着她的幼子向放壶的台子走过来。
她在钱包里摸着找钱时，孩子抬头看了我一眼，问我：“你穷吗？”当时他眼里充满疑惑和好奇，时至今日仍历历在目。
“嗯，”我结结巴巴，边想边回答，“我比有些人拥有的多，但比其他人拥有的少。
”母亲因为孩子问了一个在社交上不该问的问题，训斥了他一顿，他俩便匆匆地赶去购物。
但是孩子的问题却一直在我的心头挥之不去。
我从不认为自己“穷”，但有些事我不可否认。
每当我填1040税务申报表时，我都属于收入最低的档次之一。
在过去的三十五年中，我只出去度过一次假。
我的电视机是黑白的，还是八年前别人送给我的。
然而，想要得到其他那么多人都有的物质的东西，对我来说，只不过是转瞬即逝的念头而已。
我的汽车是1999年的产品，到现在开了十万五千英里，已经很破很旧了，但是它依然可靠。
我的住房不大，但是很安静，住着挺舒心。
我的衣服很适合于我的工作，主要都在户外。
我对计算机的很少的需求，可以在图书馆得到解决。
尽管有些东西我没有，我并不感到贫穷。
这是为什么？五十三年来我一直非常健康。
我不但不生病，而且精力充沛，情绪饱满。
锻炼对我而言是确确实实的快事，我乐意长距离步行，越走越有劲。
我喜爱步行后随之产生的一种“什么都干得了”的心态。
我还十分珍惜我的创作才能。
当我写出美丽的诗句或编造出能把人逗乐的笑话时，我内心感到很富有。
论转换法在英汉翻译中的应用论文范文
本科毕业论文(设计)范文1题目：论转换法在英汉翻译中的应用山东财经大学学士学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下进行研究工作所取得的成果。
除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。
对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。
本声明的法律结果由本人承担。
日期填写定稿日期5月1日。
教师学生都要手写签名学位论文作者签名：年月日山东财经大学关于论文使用授权的说明本人完全了解山东财经大学有关保留、使用学士学位论文的规定，即：学校有权保留、送交论文的复印件，允许论文被查阅，学校可以公布论文的全部或部分内容，可以采用影印或其他复制手段保存论文。
日期填写定稿日期5月1日。
教师学生都要手写签名指导教师签名：论文作者签名：年月日年月日On Application of Conversionin English-Chinese TranslationbyLiu XiaoUnder the Supervision ofLi WentaoSubmitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of ArtsSchool of Foreign StudiesShandong University of Finance and EconomicsMay 2012AcknowledgementsUpon the completion of the thesis, first of all, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor Prof. Li Wentao, for his enlightening guidance, incessant encouragement and careful modification throughout the process of writing this thesis. Without his patience and prudence, I could not have brought my thesis to its present form.Besides, I am also greatly indebted to other beloved teachers in the School of Foreign Studies of Shandong University of Finance and Economics, for their valuable and informative courses which have benefited me a lot during my college years.Last but not the least, I am also much obliged to all my friends who have helped me with my thesis.L. X.(名字的第一个字母)ABSTRACTOn Application of Conversionin English-Chinese TranslationLiu XiaoDue to the great differences between English and Chinese in grammar and expression style, translators may adopt the approaches of changing the word classes and sentence components in English-Chinese (E-C) translation. As a frequently-used translation technique, conversion enables translators to achieve a natural, fluent and accurate translation that not only conveys the original text’s information but also fits the idiomatic usage of Chinese.The thesis consists of three chapters. The first chapter examines the conversion of word classes in E-C translation such as conversion from English nouns or prepositions into Chinese verbs. The conversion of word classes usually results in the conversion of sentence components, so the second chapter discusses the conversion of sentence components. The third chapter explores the approaches of how to convert the English perspectives into the corresponding ones conforming to Chinese culture and thought pattern.Key words:conversion; word classes; sentence components; perspectives; E-C translation摘要论转换法在英汉翻译中的应用刘潇由于英汉两种语言在语法或表达习惯上存在巨大差异, 在英汉翻译的过程中,译者往往需要改变原文的词类或句子成分。
山东财经大学chapter two 汉译英 词语的翻译1.
送
• 老师送我一本书作为生日礼物。 • My teacher gave me a book as my birthday gift. • 亲戚们送给她一笔钱作为她的学费。 • The relatives of hers offered her a sum of money
as her tuition fee. • 这些钱你是白送。 • You just throw away your money. • 下雨了，我给你送雨伞来了。 • It is raining now. I have brought you an umbrella. • 谁去送广告？ • Who are going to deliver the advertisement？
• 每天老大爷亲自送孙子上幼儿园。 • Everyday the grandpa himself takes his
grandson to the kindergarten. • 把犯罪分子送交法院审判。 • Hand the criminal over to the court for
trial. • 送君千里，终须一别。 • Although you escort your guest a thousand
• 四季豆
• oily skin
• 防水油布
• 高中
• university/
• 黄皮书、黄页 college
• 酸奶 • sour milk
• 休息室
• 食言 • rest room
• 变质的奶 • pornography • 公共厕所 • yogurt
• 承认说的错话
• 向外看 • eat one's words• 当心，留神 • lounge
大学英语2全文翻译（完整版）
1.With my own ears I clearly heard the heart beat of the nuclear bomb.我亲耳清楚地听到原子弹的心脏的跳动。
2. Next year the bearded bear will bear a dear baby in the rear.明年,长胡子的熊将在后方产一头可爱的小崽.3. Early I searched through the earth for earth ware so as to research inearthquake.早先我在泥土中搜寻陶器以研究地震.4. I learn that learned earnest men earn much by learning.我得知有学问而认真的人靠学问挣很多钱.5. She swears to wear the pearls that appear to be pears.她发誓要戴那些看起来像梨子的珍珠。
6. I nearly fear to tear the tearful girl's test paper.我几乎害怕撕那个泪流满面的女孩的试卷.7. The bold folk fold up the gold and hold it in hand.大胆的人们将黄金折叠起来拿在手里。
8. The customers are accustomed to the disgusting custom.顾客们习惯了令人讨厌的风俗.9. The dust in the industrial zone frustrated the industrious man.工业区里的灰尘使勤勉的人灰心.10. The just budget judge just justifies the adjustment of justice.公正的预算法官只不过为司法调整辩护而已。
全新版大学英语第二册1~4单元课文背诵及翻译
全新版大学英语第二册1~4单元课文背诵及翻译12 One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later.13 However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the “standing on the shoulders of giants” phenomenon).14 But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?Unit 219 Walton set up a college scholarship fund for employees?children, a disaster relief fund to rebuild employee homes damaged by fires, floods, tornadoes, and the like. He believed in cultivating ideas and rewarding success.20 “He?d say, …That fell ow worked hard, let?s give him alittle extra,?”recalls retired president Ferold F. Arend, who was stunned at such generosity after the stingy employer he left to join Wal-Mart. “I had to change my way of thinking when I came aboard.”21 “The reason for our success,” says Walton, in a company handout, “is our people and the way they?re treated and the way they feel about their company. They believe things are different here, but they deserve the credit.”22 Adds company lawyer Jim Hendren: “I?ve never seen anyone yet who worked for him or was around him for any length of time who wasn?t better off. And I don?t mean just financially, although a lot of people are. It?s just something about him—coming into contact with Sam Walton just makes you a better person.”12 美国人的立场可以概括起来这么说，我们比中国人更重视创造和自立。
大学英语2单元课文翻译
⼤学英语2单元课⽂翻译1.When the going gets tough, the tough take accounting. When the job marketworsens, many students calculate they can’t major in English or history. (Para. 1)当形势变得困难时，强者会去选学会计。
当就业市场恶化时，许多学⽣估算着他们不能在主修英语或历史。
2.In other words, a college education is more and more seen as a means foreconomic betterment rather than a means for human betterment. This is a trend that is likely to persist and even accelerate. (Para. 2)换⾔之，⼤学教育越来越被看成是改善经济⽽不是提升⼈类⾃⾝的⼿段。
这种趋势可能会持续，甚⾄有加快之势。
3.Over the next few years, as labor markets struggle, the humanities will probablycontinue their long slide in succession. (Para. 3)在未来⼏年内，遇有劳动⼒市场的不景⽓，⼈⽂科学可能会持续其长期低迷的状态。
4.Once the dominant pillars of university life, the humanities now play little roleswhen students take their college tours. These days, labs are moved vivid and compelling than libraries. (Para. 3)⽽今在学⽣们参观校园的时候，却知识⼀个⼩点缀。
全新版大学英语综合教程2(第二版)课后翻译(中英文都有!)
全新版大学英语综合教程（第二版）综合教程2 翻译部分答案Unit 1背离传统需要极大的勇气。
（departure，enormous）It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition.汤姆过去就很腼腆，但这次却非常勇敢在当观众面前上台表演了。
(performance,bold)Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience.很多教育家认为从小培养孩子的创新精神是很可取的。
(creative, desirable)Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age.假设那幅画确实是名作，你觉得值得购买吗？(Assuming that, worthwhile)Assuming that this painting is really a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile to buy it?如果这些数据在统计上是站得住脚的，那它将会帮助我们认识正在调查的问题。
(throw light on, investigate, valid)If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating.要提高我们的英语水平，关键是多读、多写、多听、多说。
另外，尽可能多背熟一些好文章也十分重要。
若果你的脑子里没有存储大量好的英语文章，你就不能用英语自由的表达自己的思想。
财经专业英语(第二版)unit1译文、课后答案、课件
Unit 1Passage: What Does It Take to Become a Successful Manager?[Para 1]Successful managers come from a wide variety of backgrounds and possess an equally wide variety of traits and skills. No sure–fire formula exists for getting to the top of the managerial ladder, but there are at least three general preconditions for achieving lasting success as a manager: ability (A), motivation to manage (M), and opportunity (O).Together, they constitute a basic formula for managerial success (S): S=A×M×O. Notice that success depends on a balanced combination of ability, motivation to manage, and opportunity. A total absence of one factor can cancel out strength in the other two. (Hence, the use of multiplication rather than addition signs.) For example, high ability and motivation are useless without opportunity.1. Ability[Para 2] As used here, the term managerial ability is the demonstrated capacity to achieve organizational objectives both effectively and efficiently. Actually, today's successful manager needs a whole package of conceptual, technical, and interpersonal abilities. According to recent work by the American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB), an accrediting agency, business school graduates should be able to demonstrate certain skills and personal characteristics. AACSB's package of skills and characteristics can help everyone better understand the term ability to manage. They include1.Leadership.2.Oral communication and presentation skills.3.Written communication.4.Planning and organizing.rmation gathering and problem analysis.6.Decision making.7.Delegation and control.8.Self-objectivity (being aware of one's strengths and limitations).9.Disposition to lead (a willingness and desire to lead others in new directions).2. Motivation to Manage[Para 3] Uplifting stories about disabled persons and adventurers who succeed despite seemingly insurmountable odds are often summed up in one word: desire. The same force drives successful managers. All the ability in the world will not help a future manager succeed if he or she does not possess a persistent desire to move ahead. Linda Wachner, the only woman chief executiveofficer of a Fortune 500 company (garment maker Warnaco), is an inspiring case in point. Fortune magazine calls her America's most successful businesswoman:From the time she was 11 and growing up in Forest Hills, New York, Wachner knew she wanted to run something. That was the year she lay flat on her back, encased in a plaster cast from her head to her knees, the first step in a surgical procedure to correct severe scoliosis.Hardly able to move and facing the possibility that she would never walk again, Linda became determined that whatever she did in life, she would call the shots–––not doctors, or parents, or physical therapists. "The focus I have today comes from when I was sick," she says. "When you want to walk again, you learn how to focus on that with all your might, and you don't stop until you do it."That brand of determination was evident from the first day Wachner hit the job market in 1966.After graduating at age 20 from the University of Buffalo with a bachelor's degree in business administration, she landed at Associated Merchandising Corp, the New York City buying arm of Federated and other department stores. Her pay: $ 90 a week....A former boss remembers her: “Linda used to come flying through my door every morning hitting me with ideas on how we could run the business better. She wanted to tell our manufacturers how they could do more business with the stores.”[Para 4] Until the mid-1960s, this kind of desire was an intangible trait that could be measured only subjectively. Then a management researcher named John B. Miner developed a psychometric instrument to measure objectively an individual's motivation to manage. Miner's test, in effect, measures one's desire to be a manager.[Para 5] The Seven Dimensions of Motivation to Manage. Miner's measure of motivation to manage is anchored to the following seven dimensions:1.Favorable attitude toward those in positions of authority, such as superiors.2.Desire to engage in games or sports competition with peers.3.Desire to engage in occupational or work–related competition with peers,4.Desire to assert oneself and take charge.5.Desire to exercise power and authority over others.6.Desire to behave in a distinctive way, which includes standing out from the crowd.7.Sense of responsibility in carrying out the routine duties associated with managerial work. The higher the individual scores on each trait, the greater is the motivation to manage. (Although the complete instrument is not given here, you can readily gauge your own motivation to manage as low, moderate, or high.) Miner's research indicates that this concept can accurately predict how fast and how far one will move up the hierarchy.[Para 6] Motivation to Manage among Business Students. Miner and his colleagues wenton to track motivation–to–manage scores for business students at two major U.S. universities over a twenty–year period and came to some interesting conclusions. First, although the steady decline of motivation to manage during the 1960s and early 1970s had stopped, students' motivation to manage still was very low. Generally speaking, students continued to show a distaste for authority, competitiveness, assertiveness, and routine managerial duties. Miner believed this situation foreshadowed a shortage of managerial talent over the coming years. A second conclusion was that female students no longer lagged behind their male counterparts in motivation to manage.[Para 7] More recently, Miner's research has focused on international differences in motivation to manage. His student samples from Mexico, Japan, China, Korea, and Taiwan all scored consistently higher than did his samples from the United States. Miner perceives this pattern as a potential threat to America's global competitiveness.3. Opportunity to Manage[Para 8] Judging from headlines in recent years about corporate downsizings, middle manager layoffs, and the dramatic scaling back of the U. S. defense industry, students might be tempted to throw up their hands in frustration over the prospect of ever landing a management position. Indeed, from the perspective of large American companies, the market for managers has tightened considerably since the 1980s. But the broader picture presented by Business Week, seemingly gloomy at first glance, offers hope for future managers:In the U.S. some 13.5 million workers in private industry are classified as executives, administrators, and managers, and most are employed in the service sector --the focus of intensive restructuring in recent years. The upshot is that managerial jobs, which surged at a5.6% annual rate from 1984 through 1989, have shown no net growth at all sincethen––eliminating about 2.25 million jobs that would have been created if the earlier growth trend had been maintained.Even though the growth rate for the managerial slice of the U. S. labor pie slowed and even shifted into reverse during the early 1990s, it still is a huge slice: 13.5 million managers! Normal turnover–––through deaths, retirements, and career changes–––will open millions of managerial positions in the years ahead. Anticipated economic growth will create additional managerial opportunities.[Para 9] Significantly, the statistics in the preceding quote tell only part of the story for managerial job seekers. Not counted among the 13.5 million are the millions of administrators and managers in military, government, and nonprofit organizations. Also, there is the mushrooming small-business sector. One quick way to become a manager is to start your own business.[Para 10] Despite periodic ups and downs in job markets, there will continue to be a worldwide need for those with the right combination of ability and motivation to manage. The timeto start working out your own S= A×M×O formula is now.New Words*** accredit [☯❒♏♎♓♦]vt. 委派出任* anchor [ ✌☠☯] n.vt. 锚抛锚；依靠* anticipate [✌⏹♦♓♦♓☐♏♓♦] vt. 预见* assembly [☯♦♏❍♌●] n. 集会* assertiveness [☯♦♏♦♓⏹♓♦] n. 断定* brand [br✌⏹♎] n. 商标；烙印；印记* cast [k ♦♦] n. 浇铸*** collegiate [k☯●♓ ♎✞♓♦] adj. 专科学校的；学院的；大学的* conceptual [k☯⏹♦♏☐♦☞◆☯●] adj. 思维的，抽象的；概念的* counterpart [ ♋◆⏹♦☯☐ ♦] n. 对应的人（或物）* delegation [ ♎♏●♓ ♑♏♓☞☯⏹] n. 派遣** dimension [di ❍♏⏹☞☯⏹] n. 度量方法* disposition [disp☯♓☞☯⏹] n. 倾向** downsize [ ♎♋◆⏹ ♦♋♓] v. 减小；减少* encase [in ♏♓♦] vt. 包围；包裹* favorable [ ♐♏♓☯❒☯♌●] adj. 赞同的** foreshadow [f ☞✌♎☯◆] vt. 预示* frustration [fr✈♦♦❒♏♓☞☯⏹] n. 灰心* garment [ ♑❍☯⏹♦] n. 服装*** gauge [♑♏♎✞] vt. 估计，判断n. 方法，手段；标准* gloomy [ ♑●◆❍♓] adj. 黑暗的，昏暗的* headline [ ♒♏♎●♋♓⏹] n. 标题* hierarchy [ ♒♋♓☯❒♓] n. 等级制度；领导层*** insurmountable[ ♓⏹♦☯ ❍♋◆⏹♦☯♌●]adj. 不能克服的* intangible [in ♦✌⏹♎✞☯♌●] adj. 无形的，无法接触的* interpersonal[ ♓⏹♦☯ ☐☯♦☯⏹●]adj. 人际的；交际的** layoff [ ●♏♓ ♐] n. 下岗，失业期间** merchandise[ ❍☯♦☞☯⏹♎♋♓] n.vt.商品；货品劝人购物* motivation[ ❍☯◆♦♓♏♓☞☯⏹]n. 动机；动力* multiplication[ ❍✈●♦♓☐●♓♏♓☞☯⏹]n. 乘法** mushroom [ ❍✈☞❒◆❍] vi. 迅速生长* objectivity n. 客观[ ♌♎✞♏ ♦♓♓♦♓]* odds [ ♎] n. 有可能出现的麻烦事* peer [pi☯] n. 同龄人；同等地位的人* perspective [p☯ ♦☐♏♦♓] n. 观点，看法；视角；* plaster [ ☐● ♦♦☯] n. 灰泥；石膏* presentationn. 赠送；引见；介绍；呈现[ ☐❒♏♏⏹ ♦♏♓☞☯⏹]adj. 心理测量的* psychometric[ ♦♋♓☯◆ ❍♏♦❒♓]*** restructuring [ri ♦♦❒✈♦☞☯] n. 重新组建*** scoliosis [ ♦ ●♓☯◆♦♓♦] n. 脊柱侧凸* superior [sju ☐♓☯❒♓☯] n. 上级，长官*** surefire [ ☞◆☯♐♋♓☯] adj. 确定的* surge [s☯♎✞] vi. 上升* surgical [ ♦☯♎✞♓☯●] adj. 外科的* therapist [ ♏❒☯☐♓♦♦] n. 治疗者* trait [treit] n. 特性，特征* turnover [ ♦☯⏹☯◆☯] n. 移交* uplifting [✈☐●♓♐♦] adj. 使人振奋的* upshot [ ✈☐☞ ♦] n. 结局注: *为基础词汇**为常用的财经专业词汇***为非常用的基础和财经词汇，以下各课同Special Termsaccrediting agency 授权机构assert oneself 坚持自己的权利，显示自己的权威business administration 企业管理career changes 跳槽chief executive officer 董事长corporate downsizing 公司滑坡defense industry 国防工业dimensions of motivation to manage 管理动机的度量方法disposition to lead 有领导倾向favorable attitude 赞同态度Fortune 500 company 500强企业job market 劳务市场job seeker 求职者managerial position 管理岗位motivation to manage 管理动机nonprofit organization 非赢利组织oral (written) communication 口头（书面）交流organizational objective 管理目标presentation skill 交际技巧private industry 私人企业self-objectivity 自知之明sense of responsibility 责任感show a distaste for 表现不喜欢…A w hole package of…全面的…Abbreviation(s)AACSB the American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business 美国盎瑟贝财经学院Notes to the Passage1.[Para 1] A total absence of one factor can cancel out strength in the other two.管理成功的公式里共三个要素，如果其中的一个是零的话（即a total absence），那就会取消(cancel out)另外的两个要素的力量之和（strength in the other two）。
大学生英语教材2课文翻译
大学生英语教材2课文翻译Unit 2: My HometownLesson 1: IntroductionIn this lesson, we will introduce the main concepts and ideas related to our hometown. Understanding and appreciating our hometown is crucial in building a strong sense of identity and connection to our roots.Section 1: Understanding Your HometownOur hometown is not just a physical place but also holds sentimental value. It is the place where we were born and raised, where our families and friends are, and where we have countless memories. By understanding the geographical, historical, and cultural aspects of our hometown, we can develop a deeper appreciation for it.Section 2: Describing Your HometownIn this section, we will learn how to describe our hometown using descriptive language and adjectives. We will explore the physical features, landmarks, and attractions that make our hometown unique. By using vivid language, we can paint a clear picture for others, allowing them to experience the beauty and charm of our hometown without actually being there.Section 3: Sharing Stories and TraditionsEvery hometown has its own stories and traditions that have been passed down through generations. These stories and traditions shape our cultural identity and provide a sense of belonging. By sharing these stories, we notonly preserve our heritage but also give others a glimpse into the rich history of our hometown.Section 4: Comparing HometownsIn this section, we will compare our hometowns with those of our classmates. By understanding the similarities and differences, we can broaden our perspective and gain a better understanding of the world. This exercise encourages cultural exchange and fosters a deep appreciation for diversity.Lesson 2: My Hometown's HistoryIn this lesson, we will delve deeper into the historical aspect of our hometowns. Learning about the historical events and figures that have shaped our hometowns helps us develop a better understanding of our heritage.Section 1: Historical TimelineWe will create a historical timeline of our hometown, starting from its foundation to the present day. By examining key events and influential figures, we can see how our hometown has evolved over time. This exercise highlights the importance of preserving historical records and cherishing our cultural heritage.Section 2: Historical LandmarksEvery hometown has historical landmarks that serve as a reminder of its past. We will explore these landmarks, their significance, and how theycontribute to the overall identity of our hometown. By appreciating these landmarks, we can develop a sense of pride and inspire others to do the same.Section 3: Local Legends and HeroesMany hometowns have their own local legends and heroes, whose stories have become a part of their folklore. We will explore these legends and heroes, discovering the values they embody and the lessons they teach. By celebrating these figures, we ensure that their legacies are not forgotten and continue to inspire future generations.Lesson 3: Celebrating Our HometownIn this lesson, we will focus on the various festivals, traditions, and celebrations that take place in our hometown. These cultural events not only provide entertainment but also serve as a platform for preserving and promoting our local traditions.Section 1: Festivals and CelebrationsWe will explore the different festivals and celebrations that are unique to our hometown. By understanding the significance behind these events, we can actively participate and promote them to ensure their continuity. These festivals provide an opportunity for locals and visitors alike to come together and experience the vibrancy of our hometown's culture.Section 2: Local CuisineFood plays a significant role in any culture, and our hometown's cuisine is no exception. We will showcase the distinctive dishes and culinary traditions that are native to our hometown. By sharing these recipes andstories, we can introduce our hometown's flavors to a wider audience and keep our culinary heritage alive.Section 3: Traditional Arts and CraftsTraditional arts and crafts are an integral part of our hometown's cultural heritage. We will explore the various artistic mediums and craftsmanship that have been passed down through generations. By showcasing these talents, we can preserve our traditional arts and crafts and support local artisans.ConclusionUnderstanding and celebrating our hometown is a way to honor our roots and preserve our cultural heritage. By exploring its history, traditions, and attractions, we can develop a stronger sense of identity and foster a connection to our homeland. Let us embrace and share the beauty of our hometowns, allowing others to appreciate their uniqueness and fostering a sense of unity and cultural exchange.。
山东财经大学英语教材
山东财经大学英语教材Introduction：山东财经大学英语教材是为山东财经大学的学生开设的一门英语课程所准备的学习资料。
本教材旨在提升学生的英语综合能力，并满足他们在学术和职业生涯中的语言需求。
本文将对该教材的内容和特点进行详细介绍。
Chapter 1: 基础知识在这一章节中，教材提供了英语语法、词汇以及基本句型的介绍和讲解。
通过对英语基础知识的学习，学生可以建立起扎实的语言基础，为进一步的学习打下坚实的基础。
Chapter 2: 读写技巧本章主要介绍了提高英语阅读和写作技巧的方法。
教材中包含了各种阅读材料，如新闻报道、文章、故事等，以帮助学生培养阅读理解能力，并提供了写作指导和范文，以提高学生的写作水平。
Chapter 3: 听力训练这一章节着重强调英语听力技巧的训练。
通过听力材料的选择和设计，学生可以提升听力理解能力，并加强对不同口音和语速的适应能力。
教材同时提供了听力材料的文本，便于学生进行听写和反复练习。
Chapter 4: 口语表达在这一章节中，教材注重培养学生的口语交际能力。
通过对对话、口语练习和角色扮演等活动的设计，学生可以提高口语流利度、准确度和自信心，使他们能够更好地运用英语进行日常交流和表达观点。
Chapter 5: 阅读理解本章节主要通过对各类文章的阅读，帮助学生提高阅读理解和分析能力。
教材中包含了不同难度和题型的阅读材料，并提供了相关的问题和练习，以巩固学生的阅读技巧和理解能力。
Chapter 6: 学术写作这一章节主要针对高年级学生和研究生，提供了学术写作的指导和技巧。
通过对学术论文和研究报告的结构和语言特点的介绍，教材帮助学生提升学术写作水平，并使他们能够独立完成学术研究和论文撰写。
Conclusion：山东财经大学英语教材通过系统的内容安排和多样化的教学方法，旨在提升学生的英语综合能力。
教材的编写遵循科学严谨的原则，注重培养学生的学术和职业需求。
希望这份教材能够对山东财经大学的学生在英语学习中起到积极的推动作用。
全新版大学英语第二版第二册Unit2课文译文及参考答案
一个疑惑不解的小孩提的一个问题促使卡尔·格林思考：虽然他没有贵重的财物，但他在其他许多方面却是富有的。
富足的一生卡尔·格林首次面对这个问题，是在2003年12月初，我第一次为救世军摇铃募捐的时候。
当时我就站在沃尔玛商场入口处门外，对每一位向我的红壶里投入捐款的人都报以一声“谢谢”和一个微笑。
一位穿着整洁的妇人牵着她的幼子向放壶的台子走过来。
她在钱包里摸着找钱时，孩子抬头看了我一眼，问我：“你穷吗？”当时他眼里充满疑惑和好奇，时至今日仍历历在目。
“嗯，”我结结巴巴，边想边回答，“我比有些人拥有的多，但比其他人拥有的少。
”母亲因为孩子问了一个在社交上不该问的问题，训斥了他一顿，他俩便匆匆地赶去购物。
但是孩子的问题却一直在我的心头挥之不去。
我从不认为自己“穷”，但有些事我不可否认。
每当我填1040税务申报表时，我都属于收入最低的档次之一。
在过去的三十五年中，我只出去度过一次假。
我的电视机是黑白的，还是八年前别人送给我的。
然而，想要得到其他那么多人都有的物质的东西，对我来说，只不过是转瞬即逝的念头而已。
我的汽车是1999年的产品，到现在开了十万五千英里，已经很破很旧了，但是它依然可靠。
我的住房不大，但是很安静，住着挺舒心。
我的衣服很适合于我的工作，主要都在户外。
我对计算机的很少的需求，可以在图书馆得到解决。
尽管有些东西我没有，我并不感到贫穷。
这是为什么？五十三年来我一直非常健康。
我不但不生病，而且精力充沛，情绪饱满。
锻炼对我而言是确确实实的快事，我乐意长距离步行，越走越有劲。
我喜爱步行后随之产生的一种“什么都干得了”的心态。
我还十分珍惜我的创作才能。
当我写出美丽的诗句或编造出能把人逗乐的笑话时，我内心感到很富有。
通过写作而获得的洞察力，不断地令我惊奇。
而与那么多写作朋友交谈，是我乐趣的主要源泉之一。
但是在我生活中，有一个重要方面我并不那么富有。
在一个对物资财富的追求投入如此之多心力的社会中，我觉得很不自在。
大学英语精读2unit2单词
as‧sume / əˈsjuːm $ əˈsuːm / verb [ transitive ]1 to think that something is true, although you do not have definite proof SYN presume 假定，设想assume (that)I think we can safely assume (= it is almost certain ) that interest rates will go up again soon.let us/let’s assume (that) (= used when thinking about a possible event or situation and its possible results )Let us assume for a moment that we could indeed fire her. Should we?When it got to midnight and Paul was still not back, I began to assume the worst (= think that the worst possible thing had happened ) .2 assume control/responsibility etc formal to start to have control, responsibility etc or to start in a particular position or job承担，接受: Whoever they appoint will assume responsibility for all financial matters. He assumed power in a bloody coup in 1990.Jim Paton will assume the role of managing director.3 assume a manner/air/expression etc formal to behave in a way that does not show how you really feel, especially in order to seem more confident, happy etc than you are SYN put on 装出，佯作:Andy assumed an air of indifference whenever her name was mentioned.→ASSUMINGas‧sum‧ing / əˈsjuːmɪŋ $ əˈsuː- / ( also asˈsuming that ) conjunction 假定used when talking about an event or situation that might happen, and what you will do if it happens :Assuming that you get a place at university, how are you going to finance your studies?eccentric 2 noun [ countable ]someone who behaves in a way that is different from what is usual or socially accepted :I was regarded as something of an eccentric.ec‧cen‧tric 1 / ɪkˈsentrɪk / adjectivebehaving in a way that is unusual and different from most people :His eccentric behaviour lost him his job.Aunt Nessy was always a bit eccentric.THESAURUSstrange unusual or surprising, especially in a way that is difficult to understand, or that is a little frightening : What’s that strange noise downstairs? | That’s strange –I’m sur e I left my keys on the table. | a strange old manfunny/odd especially spoken a little strange and making you feel slightly surprised or worried : There’s a funny smell in the kitchen. | It’s odd that you can’t remember him at all.curious especially written strange, especially in an interesting way. Curious is a little more formal than strange : a curious fact | There’s something rather curious about small-town America. | She remembered curious little details. mysterious strange – used about something that people know little about and are unable to explain or understand : He had disappeared in mysterious circumstances. | There were reports of mysterious lights in the sky.eccentric strange in a way that seems slightly crazy and amusing – used about people and their behaviour : He lived completely alone and had some slightly eccentric habits. | an eccentric old ladypeculiar s lightly strange, and different from what you would normally expect –used especially when this is either amusing or worrying : She sometimes wears rather peculiar clothes. | He had a peculiar expression on his face.VERY STRA NGEweird very strange or very different from what you are used to : I had a weird dream last night. | It’s a weird and wonderful place.bizarre extremely strange and different from what is usually considered normal : It was a bizarre situation. | Mark’s behaviour was really bizarre. surreal extremely strange and unconnected with real life or normal experiences, like something out of a dream : His paintings are full of surreal images. | There is something surreal about the climate change talks in Bali. | The plant’s flowers were so big that they seemed almost surrealuncanny very strange – used especially about someone having an unusual ability to do something, or looking surprisingly similar to someone : She had an uncanny knack (= ability ) of putting her finger right on a problem. | Alice had an uncanny resemblance to Josie. | his uncanny ability to pick racing winners hook 1 / hʊk / noun [ countable ]1 a curved piece of metal or plastic that you use for hanging things on →peg :Tom hung his coat on the hook behind the door.2 a curved piece of thin metal with a sharp point for catching fish3 let/get somebody off the hook to allow someone or help someone to get out of a difficult situation :I wasn’t prepared to let her off the hook that easily.4 by hook or by crook if you are going to do something by hook or by crook, you are determined to do it, whatever methods you have to use 不择手段，千方百计地:The police are going to get these guys, by hook or by crook.hook 2 verb [ transitive ]1 to catch a fish with a hook :I hooked a 20-pound salmon last week.2 [ always + adverb/preposition ] to fasten or hang something onto something elsehook something onto/to somethingJust hook the bucket onto the rope and lower it down.o‧blige / əˈblaɪdʒ/ verb formal1 [ transitive usually passive ] if you are obliged to do something, you have to do it because the situation, the law, a duty etc makes it necessaryoblige somebody to do somethingThe minister was obliged to report at least once every six months. Circumstances had obliged him to sell the business.feel obliged to do something (= feel that you have a duty to do something ) Many parents feel obliged to pay for at least part of the wedding.►Do not use oblige when you are talking about a person making someone do something they do not want to do. Use force or make : No one can force (NOT oblige) you to stay in a job that you hate.R EGISTERIn everyday English, people usually say that you have to do something rather than are obliged to do something :He had to sell the business.2 [ intransitive and transitive ] to do something that someone has asked you to do答应（某人的）请求:Would you oblige me by taking this letter to the Director?happy/glad/ready etc to obligeIf you need a ride home, I’d be happy to oblige.3 I’d be obliged if spoken formal used to make a polite request 多谢（请别人帮忙时的客气话）:I’d be obliged if you’d treat this matter as strictly confidential.4 (I’m) much obliged (to you) spoken old-fashioned used to thank someone very politely 非常感谢con‧ve‧ni‧ent / kənˈviːniənt / adjective1 useful to you because it saves you time, or does not spoil your plans or cause you problems OPP inconvenient :Mail-order catalogs are a convenient way to shop.My secretary will call you to arrange a convenient time to meet.convenient forIs three o'clock convenient for you?convenient to do somethingIt is simple and convenient to use.R EGISTERIn everyday English, people usually say a good time/day etc rather than a convenient time/day etc:Is this a good time for you to talk?2 close and easy to reach OPP inconvenient :The bus stop around the corner is probably the most convenient.convenient for British English convenient to American English : restaurants convenient for shops and theatres→INCONVENIENTcon‧ve‧ni‧ence / kənˈviːniəns / noun1 [ uncountable ] the quality of being suitable or useful for a particular purpose, especially by making something easier or saving you time :Ready meals sell well because of their convenience.the convenience of doing somethingMost of us like the convenience of using credit cards to buy things.for convenienceFor convenience, the German translation is printed below.2 [ uncountable ] what is easiest and best for a particular personat sb’s convenience (= at a time that is best and easiest for someone ) These meals can be prepared in advance, and served at your convenience.for sb’s convenienceFor your convenience, the bank is open until 7 p.m.Services should be run to suit the convenience of the customer, not the staff.3 [ countable ] something that is useful because it saves you time or means that you have less work to do :The supermarket offers a bag-packing service, as a convenience to customers.a hotel with all the modern conveniences4 at your earliest convenience formal as soon as possible – used in letters :We should be grateful if you would reply at your earliest convenience.5 [ countable usually plural ] ( also public convenience ) formal a public toilet6 a marriage of convenience a marriage that has been agreed for a particular purpose, not because the two people love each other :In the past most royal marriages were marriages of convenience, arranged for political reasons.。
大学英语综合教程2Unit1~5单词释义及句子翻译
⼤学英语综合教程2Unit1~5单词释义及句⼦翻译Unit1ankleｎ．踝，踝节部bankｎ．银⾏，储库boltｖ．逃跑，猛冲buttｎ．屁股calf ｎ．⼩腿肚careen ｖ．使倾斜colleague ｎ．同事confusionｎ．混乱descent ｎ．下降devastatingａ．毁灭性的dilemmaｎ．困难的选择drawstringｎ．拉绳flightｎ．⼀段楼梯或阶梯gaspｎ．喘⽓声heavysetａ．体格魁伟的illusionｎ．幻觉lash ｖ．猛烈地冲击lobby ｎ．⼤厅，休息室pandemonium ｎ．喧嚣；极端混乱嘈杂的地⽅purgatoryｎ．灾难；涤罪ripｖ．撕rumbleｎ．隆隆声sap soakｖ．浸，泡spasmｎ．抽筋stairwellｎ．楼梯井swayｖ．摇晃ultimateａ．极端的cast into 卷⼊find one’s way to找到guinea pig豚⿏off and on断断续续wade into 涉⼊window shade 百叶窗1.那部关于古代战争的电影采⽤了先进的技术，令观众仿佛⾝临其境Thanks to modern technology, the film about that ancient battle gives the audience the illusion of being on the battlefield themselves.2.在那场⼤⽕中，整个古城毁于⼀旦，但是这块⽯碑却幸运地保存了下来That ancient city was devastated by the fire, but fortunately the stone tablet survived.3.他们看了那段录像，听了那位妇⼥的讲述，⼼⾥充满了对那位地震孤⼉的同情The videotape and the story by the woman filled them with sympathy for the child who had become an orphan in the earthquake.4.那场⼤地震中，我们听到过太多太多教师的事迹，他们拒绝离开学⽣⾃⼰逃⽣，献出了⾃⼰的⽣命In that earthquake, we heard many stories of teachers who had refused to leave their students behind and laid down their lives.5.豫园的建造始于1558年，但由于资⾦短缺时建时停，1578年才建成The construction of the Y u Y uan Garden began in 1558, but it was not completed until 1578 because building went off and on for lack of money.6.1980年我遇到她时，她刚从国外读完硕⼠回来In 1980, when I met up with her, she had just returned from abroad with a master’s degree.7.这是我第⼀次来纽约，但我还是设法找到了那家⼩公司It was my first visit to New Y ork, but I managed to find my way to the little firm.8.在电影界要达到顶峰是⾮常困难的，但是作为⼀名导演谢晋做到了It is hard to make it to the top in the movie industry, but as a director Xie Jin did it.unit2accomplished ａ．完成的adolescent ａ．青春期的ｎ．aging ⽼龄化过程agony ｎ．痛苦aptａ．有倾向，易于aspect ｎ．⽅⾯awaitｖ．等待blazer contentmentｎ．满⾜contradict ｖ．反驳，同⽭盾contrastｎ．明显的差异convinceｖ．使信服criticalａ．决定性的，关键的delayｖ．使耽搁，延期devilｎ．邪恶diet ｖ．节⾷distinct ａ．明显的，显著的feverishlyａｄ．激动地frame ｎ．框架；体格freak ｎ．怪⼈jogｖ．慢跑lanklyａ．瘦的，细长的loose-fittingｑ．宽⼤的megadoseｎ．（维⽣素等）⼤剂量muscularａ．肌⾁的pleadｖ．央求，恳求premise ｎ．前提pursueｖ．从事quirkｎ．怪癖saint ｎ．圣经sanity ｎ．神智健全；头脑清楚sliceｎ．⽚tailorｖ．缝制teen ｎ．青少年though ａｄ．但是un-American unsettlingａ．使⼈不安的waist ｎ．腰wiry ａ．瘦⽽结实的worshipｖ．崇拜be obsessed with 痴迷于keep score 记分milk shake奶昔pecan pie ⼭核桃馅饼take up with 开始于来往；开始产⽣兴趣work out 锻炼1.如今许多爱慕虚荣的年轻⼈，尽管还不富裕，但却迷上了漂亮的⼩轿车Many vain young people are obsessed with fancy cars despite the fact that they are not yet rich enough to afford them.2.当他的婚外恋被妻⼦发现后，他们的婚姻终于破裂了Their marriage finally fell apart when his affair with another woman was found out by his wife. 3.那位艺术家为了获得创作的灵感，在农村住了三年，放弃了⽣活上的许多享受For artistic inspiration, the artist lived in the country for three years, where he denied himself many comforts of life.4.我不知道明天去崇明岛的远⾜活动能不能成⾏，因为这要取决于会不会下⾬I’m not sure if we can have the excursion to Chongming Island tomorrow. It is at the mercy of the weather.5.他早年到⽇本学医，回国后却改变了主意，⼀辈⼦从事⽂学创作When he was young he went to Japan to learn medicine, but after he returned to China he changed his mind and pursued a career as a writer all his life.6.她最近和⾜以做他⽗亲的⽼头好上了。
大学英语精读2 各单元课后汉译英翻译
Unit11) It is wrong to raise our children the way we grow flowers in the greenhouse. We must expose them to all social problems because very soon they will be dealing with them as responsible citizens.我们像在暖房里种花那样养孩子是错误的。
我们必须让他们接触各种社会问题，因为不久他们就将作为公民来应对这些问题。
2) As time goes on we are inevitably going to get more and more involved in international affairs. And conflicts are sure to occur because there always exist different views and interests between nations.随着时间的推移，我们不可避免地会越来越多的卷入国际事务。
而冲突必然会发生，因为国家之间总有不同的观点和利益。
3) We are proud of our accomplishments, and we have reason to be. But we must never become arrogant. Otherwise we will lose our friends.我们为我们的成就而骄傲，我们有理由感到骄傲。
但是我们永远不能变的狂妄，不然我们就会失去我们的朋友。
4) Information is now easily available. An average computer can store the information of a small library信息现在唾手可得。
山东财经大学成人教育2021英语上答案
山东财经大学成人教育2021英语上答案Ⅰ.短语互译1.close down ________________________________________答案：停止播音，关闭2.enjoy doing ________________________________________答案：喜欢做某事3.keep studying ________________________________________答案：继续学习e this way________________________________________答案：这边来5.look out for ________________________________________答案：当心，小心6.记得去做某事________________________________________答案：remember to do sth.7.停止做某事________________________________________答案：stop doing sth.8.在……岁时________________________________________答案：at the age of9.亲自________________________________________答案：in person10.别提它了________________________________________答案：Don’t mention it.Ⅱ.用适当的介词或副词填空1.Thank you for taking us ________ the garden.答案：around2.What ________ the sports news? Is it interesting?答案：about3.I closed________ them and did my homework.答案：downⅢ.用所给词的正确形式填空1.I enjoy ________(skate) in winter.答案：skating2.What do you want ________(be) in the future?答案：to be3.I feel like ________(take) some pictures.答案：taking4.I am trying ________(catch) the bus.答案：to catch5.You need ________(write) an article for the newspaper.答案：to write我综合我发展Ⅰ.听力A.情景反应，听句子或问句，选择正确回答。
(2020年7月整理)新编大学英语第二版Book2 Unit1-4课文原文加翻译.doc
新编大学英语第二版Book2 Unit1-4课文原文加翻译Unit 1 A Good Heart to Lean OnMore than I realized, Dad has helped me keep my balance.[1] When I was growing up, I was embarrassed to be seen with my father. He was severely crippled and very short, and when we would walk together, his hand on my arm for balance , people would stare. I would be ashamed of the unwanted attention. If he ever noticed or was bothered, he never let on.[2] It was difficult to coordinate our steps—his halting, mine impatient —and because of that, we didn't say much as we went along. But as we started out, he always said, “You set the pace. I will try to adjust to you. ”[3] Our usual walk was to or from the subway, which was how he got to work. He went to work sick, and despite nasty weather. He almost never missed a day, and would make it to the office even if others could not. It was a matter of pride for him.[4] When snow or ice was on the ground, it was impossible for him to walk, even with help. At such times my sisters or I would pull him through the streets of Brooklyn , N.Y., on a child's sleigh to the subway entrance. Once there, he would cling to the handrail until he reached the lower steps that the warmer tunnel air kept ice-free.In Manhattan the subway station was the basement of his office building, and he would not have to go outside again until we met him in Brooklyn on his way home..[5] When I think of it now, I marvel at how much courage it must have taken for a grown man to subject himself to such indignity and stress. And I marvel at how he did it—without bitterness or complaint.[6] He never talked about himself as an object of pity, nor did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able . What he looked for in others was a “good heart”, and if he found one, the owner was good enough for him.[7] Now that I am older, I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people , even though I still don't know precisely what a “good heart” is. But I know the times I don't have one myself.[8] Unable to engage in many activities, my father still tried to participate in some way. When a local baseball team found itself without a manager , he kept it going. He was a knowledgeable baseball fan and often took me to Ebbets Field to see the Brooklyn Dodgers play. He liked to go to dances and parties, where he could have a good time just sitting and watching.[9] On one memorable occasion a fight broke out at a beach party, with everyone punching and shoving .He wasn't content to sit and watch, but he couldn't stand unaided on the soft sand. In frustration he began to shout, “I'll fight anyone who will sit down with me! I'll fight anyone who will sit down with me! ”[10] Nobody did. But the next day people kidded him by saying it was the first time any fighter was urged to take a dive even before the bout began.[11] I now know he participated in some things vicariously through me, his only son. When I played ball (poorly), he “played” too. When I joined the Navy, he “joined” too. And when I came home on leave, he saw to it that I visited his office. Introducing me, he was really saying, “This is my son, but it is also me, and I could have done this, too, if things had been different. ” Those wordswere never said aloud.[12] He has been gone many years now, but I think of him often. I wonder if he sensed my reluctance to be seen with him during our walks. If he did, I am sorry I never told him how sorry I was, how unworthy I was, how I regretted it. I think of him when I complain about trifles, when I am envious of anoth er's good fortune, when I don't have a “good heart”.[13] At such times I put my hand on his arm to regain my balance, and say, “You set the pace. I will try to adjust to you.” ( 703 words)【译文】善良之心，久久相依1 随着我渐渐长大，当别人看见我和爸爸在一起，我会觉得很尴尬。
山东财经大学 会计英语 第2章
Practice
Let’s practice double entry system with ABC Company
Event 1 – Investment of Cash by Owners
Oct. 1 - Owner invested $10,000 Cash in business in exchange for $10,000 of ABC Corporation Common Stock (普通股股票)
objectives
Explain what a ledger is and how it helps in the recording process. Explain what posting is and how it helps in the recording process. Explain the purposes of a trial balance. Explain the purpose of closing entries.
Assets
Cash New Balance $6,200 + +10,000
= Liabilities +
5,000 = $1,200 +
Owners’ Equity
Common Stock $10,000 +10,000
office equip = Balance $16,200 + 5,000 =
Oct. 2 –ABC received a $1,200 cash advance from Mary Limited, a client.
Assets
Cash Old Balance $5,000 +
大学英语2翻译课文翻译
大学英语2翻译课文翻译大学英语2翻译课文翻译《大学英语》创刊于1983年,是面向大学生和英语自学者的双语教学辅导刊物。
下面是店铺精心整理的大学英语2翻译课文翻译，希望对你有帮助！大学英语2翻译课文翻译 11.He is ________________ as a writer.2. The parents should also set the kids free _______________ .3. Some freshmen _____________to pursue a masters degree after undergraduate studies.4. So it is essential for the students _____________in order to learn something that they cant get in class.5.In order to improve the competence of state-run enterprises，the central government ________________，among which is cutting down the staff.参考答案与解析：1. not so much a scholar解析：本句意为：与其说他是个学者不如说是个作家。
考查的是与其......倒不如......的句型。
句中所给部分已有as，所以最好用not so much...as...。
如：In many cases，nursing is not so much a job asa way of life.2. to make their own choices解析：考查目的状语以便的英文表达，正确答案可以是：in order to/to/so as to+动词，也可以用in order/so+that从句。
山东财经大学工商管理英语简答翻译
山东财经大学工商管理英语简答翻译工商管理英语简答题：1.what are the five key functions of business?1)management;2)Marketing;3)Accounting4)Finance;5)Information systems2.what is marketing’s function?Marketing is responsible to see that the right product is available to the right customer,at the right time,in the right place,and at the right price.3.what are the theoretical frameworks of strategic management?1)industrial organization2)Resource-based3)Contingency theory4.what resources can be used for sustained competitive advantage?If resources are to be used for sustained competitive advantage-----a firm?s ability to enjoy strategic benefits over an extended period of time---those resources must be valuable,rare,not subject to perfect imitation,and without strategically relevant substitutes.valuable resources are those that contribute significantly to the firm?s effectiveness and efficiency.rare resources are possessed by only a few competitors,and imperfectly imitable resources cannot be fully duplicated by rivals.5.what is the influence of the internet on strategic management?1)movement toward information symmetry2)Internet as distribution channel3)Speed4)Interactivity5)Potential for cost reductions and cost shifting.6.what are two key trends that changed the context of strategic management?1)commoditization refers to the increasing difficulty firms have distinguishing their products and services from those of their rivals.2)Mass customization,refers to the ability to individualize product and service offerings to meet specific buyer needs.7.what are the five eras of marketing identified by Perreault and McCarthy?1)the simple trade era2)The production era3)The sales era4)The marketing department era5)The marketing company era8.what are the”4Ps”in marketing activities?1)Product2)Place3)Price4)Promotion9.when is personal selling of great importance?In general,if the cost of a product is high,the product is complex,the risk of making a poor choice is great,or the uses and benefits of the product ate difficult to understand,then personalselling activities may be the most important part of the promotion effort coordinated by the seller.10.what are the two kinds of sales promotions?1)trade promotions are sales promotions used by manufacturers to provide incentives to firms in the channel of distribution to increase the activity of those firms in moving the product toward retail outlets.2)Consumer promotions are sales promotions targeting end-user of the product.翻译句子：第一单元：1.There are primarily two that bear upon our discussion. 与我们的讨论有关的定义主要有两个。
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• 人不犯我，我不犯人；人若犯我，我必犯人。
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2.1.3.词义关系
• 完全对等 • 部分对等 • 不对等 • 一词多义
having a big birthday party. • 有迹象表明，玛丽转变了观念，她打算举行一个
盛大的生日聚会。
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2. 汉语中动词和量词用得多
• 他拿起杂志，看了一眼，摇了摇头，把它放回桌 子上。
• 一寸相思一寸灰，一江离恨一江愁， • 一串笑声、 一孔之见
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3.英语的替代、省略vs. 汉语的重复
• The child doesn't like this book. Show him a more interesting one.
• Look at that bird. It always comes to my window. • She plays the piano better than she does the guitar. • He said he would tell me the news, but he didn't do
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完全对等
• 完全对等是指英语中有些词所表达的意义，在汉 语中可以找到完全对应的词来表达，它们的意义
在上下文中完全对等。这类词主要是专有名词及 简单的普通名词以及术语。
• China = 中国 ,
Germany = 德国,
• New York = 纽约， table = 桌子,
• watch = 手表，
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• 裸官 • An official alone at home with his or her family
members emigrated abroad • 月光族 • Referring to a group of young people who make
both ends meet each month • 啃老族 • Who live off their parents • 耄耋之年 • Referring to the age from eighty to ninety
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• 2.3. 词汇的翻译技巧 • 2.3.1 抽象&具体 • 2.3.2 增词与减词 • 2.3.3 合词 • 2.3.4 转性
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2.1. 英汉词汇对比
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2.1.1.词类系统
• 英汉语词类基本相似，都有名词、动词、形容词、 代词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
• 汉语量词发达，英语没有量词。 • 汉语有语气助词，英语没有。 • 英语有冠词，汉语没有。 • 英语中的关系代词、关系副词在汉语中够也没有
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1. 英语中名词、介词和形容词用得多
• He was always an unwelcome intruder. • 他经常冒冒失失地闯进人家的家里。 • They went across the desert and into China. • 他们穿过沙漠，然后到达中国。 • It is indicative of the change in Mary that she is
• 无对等是指英语和汉语中分别都有一些各自所特有 的词汇。造成这一现象的原因是多方面的。主要是 由于宗教信仰、历史文化、生活习俗、生活经历、 地理特征等的不同而造成。
• teenagers ，commuter，clock-watcher，DINK.
• 叩头（kowtow)、功夫(kongfu)、馄饨 (wonton)、
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• 文房四宝 • the four treasures of the study (writing brush, ink-
stick, ink-stone and paper) • 乌纱帽 • an official post • 三伏天 • dog days • 惊蛰 • (the Waking of Insects)
sun = 太阳
• Marxism = 马克思主义 Aspirin = 阿斯匹林
• 激光= laser
白血病= leukemia
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部分对等
• 部分对等 有时英语词语的词义包含在汉语词义中。 意义范围有广狭之分、抽象具体之分、一般于个别 之分。
Marriaห้องสมุดไป่ตู้e Aunt Rose Beauty Freedom Justice Family milk
嫁，娶
姑妈，舅妈，姨妈，伯母，婶婶
玫瑰，月季
美貌，美人
自由，自由权
正义，正义感
家庭，家人
奶， 牛奶，羊奶等
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• 还有些英汉词语在概念意义上是对应的，但在内 涵意义上确实不对应的。
West wind Cat Sour magpie Dog Dragon blue
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无对等
• 无对等(词义空缺）
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一词多义
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人家
• 你们村子上有多少人家？ • How many households are there in your village? • 他妹妹已经有人家了。 • His sister is already engaged. • 这件事我是听人家说的。 • I hear it from others.
第二章 词汇的翻译
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• 2.1. 英汉词汇对比 • 2.1.1 词类系统 • 2.1.2 用词倾向 • 2.1.3 词义关系
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• 2.2. 词汇的选择 • 2.2.1 识别“假朋友” • 2.2.2 正确理解原文，根据上下文选择词义 • 2.2.3 词义的广与狭 • 2.2.4 词义的褒与贬 • 2.2.5 词汇的语体色彩 • 2.2.6 词汇的搭配
对应的词类。
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2.1.2.用词倾向
• 1. 英语中名词、介词和形容词用得多。 • 2. 汉语中动词和量词用得多。 • 3. 碰到词语重复，英美人一般倾向于用替代形式
或者在不影响达意的前提下采用省略法。汉语则 不怕重复。
• 英语重形合，所以连词、介词之类的虚词和代词 用的多；汉语重意合，虚词用得少。