地质工程专业英语两份

Unit 1 Basic Geology

Lesson1 Geology

Physical Geology

Mineralogy 矿物学petrology岩石学geomorphology 地磁学geophysics 地球物理学geochemistry 地球化学sedimentology 沉积学structural geology构造地质学economic geology经济地质学

Historical Geology

Paleontology 古生物学stratigraphy 地层学paleogeography古地理学

Precambrian前寒武纪Paleozoic古生代Mesozoic中生代Cenozoic新生代

Lesson6 Geologic Time Scale

Late Late Permian 晚二叠世晚期proterozoic 元古代后缀gene为纪，后缀cene为世，后缀zoic为代。Paleogene古近纪mass extinctions 大灭绝Cretaceous白垩纪nonmarine陆相Eons宙eras代periods纪epochs世ages 期

Extent地理分布

Paleozoic：Permian二叠Carboniferous石炭Devonian泥盆Silurian志留

超群super-group 群group 组formation 段member 亚段sub-member

岩石lithology chronology年代

Lesson 8 Rocks

Aggregation集合

Rock is aggregation of solid matter composed of one or more of minerals forming the Earth’s crust.

Perology 岩石igneous火成的sedimentary沉积的metamorphic变质的

Igneous Rocks火成岩

Solidification岩石固结成岩作用volcanic neck 火山颈pyroclastics火山灰stock岩株Extrusive rocks 喷出岩intrusive rocks 侵入岩dacite英安岩basalt 玄武岩andesite安山岩texture结构grains颗粒

Metamorphic Rocks

Marble大理岩quartzite石英massive块状

subject to承受于foliation片理slaty cleavage 板状解理schist片岩mica云母hornblende schist角闪石gneiss石英

Regional metamorphic rocks区域变质岩shearing stress剪切力hydrostatic stress静水压力

Contact metamorphic rocks 接触变质岩ingeous intrusion火山侵入体

Cataclastic or dynamic metamorphic动力变质岩Burial metamorphic rocks 埋藏变质岩brutal history 埋藏史

Lesson 14 Classification of Sedimentary Rocks

Hydrocarbon=petroleum=oil+gas

Derived from生于，来源于

Grains颗粒dissolved into溶解成weathering 风化作用erosion溶蚀作用（wind，waves，rivers ）compaction压实作用recrystallization重结晶cementation胶结作用

Ultimately 最后的

Detrital碎屑的biogenic生物的chemical化学的devise to设计pigeonhole分类exclusively独有的organism 生物iron formation铁沉积层artificial人工的salient 主要的detrial sedimentary 碎屑岩clasts碎屑discrete不连续terrigenous陆源碎屑erode剥蚀debris碎屑weathering site搬运区gravel砾sand砂mud泥depositional basin 沉积盆地intrabasinal盆内rework再改造contemporaneous同期ooide鲕粒shale板岩siltstone粉砂岩laminae页理ciliciclastic硅质碎屑lithification岩石化cementation胶结subcategory次级分类conglomerates砾岩distinguish lecture杰出讲师some大约sandstone砂岩turbudite浊积岩framework grains 颗粒骨架debris flow碎屑流pore space孔隙matrix杂基matrix porosity 基质clast碎屑precipitate沉淀deposit沉积saturation饱和度metabolism新陈代谢precipitate骨骼carbonate盐oil shale油母页岩kerogen干酪根extramarital婚外的intracratonic内克拉通盆地extra basinal盆外的methane甲烷paraffins石蜡intraclasts内碎屑

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shield地盾（无覆盖层）

platform地台carbonate rock台地碳酸盐limestone石灰岩dolomite白云岩calcite方解石restricted platform局限台地toilet tissue手纸facial tissue面巾

nonorganic无机dissolution溶解dissolve溶解saturation饱和halite食盐evaporate蒸发岩anhydrite硬石膏gypsum石膏brines 盐水evaporate蒸发iron formations 铁沉积层Phanerozoic显生宙ironstones铁沉积岩salnity含盐度nevertheless不过

clastic（fragmental）

sediments沉积物pyroclastic火山碎屑的volcaniclastic火山碎屑terrigenous陆源source rock原岩glass shards玻屑meteoritic 陨石extraterrestrial星体的velocity 速度cataclastic碎裂的coarse-grained粗粒angular 棱角状restricted extent分布局限landslides 滑脱caverns溶洞（大的）cavity溶孔pore 孔隙

conglomerate砾岩breccias角砾岩fracture zones裂缝带crumple起皱fragment破碎texture结构fine grained细粒coarse粗的medium中等粒径thirckly-bedded ss 厚层砂岩massive块状mudstone泥岩

fluvial=river braided辨状河lake湖permeability渗透率sorting分选poorly-sorted 分选差well-sorted分选好thin section薄片seismic section地震剖面rounding磨圆porosity孔隙度micro- macro- stratification 层理flat surface平的bedding plane 层面Aeolian dune风成沙丘glacial冰川gravels砾pebbles（4~8cm）砾stratified分层的coral 珊瑚limestone灰岩clastic碎屑diagenesis 成岩作用alluvial冲积扇turbidite浊积岩delta三角洲abyssal fan 深海barrier inland障壁岛lagoon泻湖levy天然堤flood plain泛滥平原splay决口扇dessert甜点splay斜面rifting破裂

Lesson 17 Sedimentary Environments and Facies Subtle（trap）隐蔽圈闭adjacent相邻的

submarine海底的parameters参数variation 变化subtle微小的subaqueous水下的catchment area集水区terrestrial陆相的fauna 动物flora植物overgraze过度defoliation 落叶deforestation采伐森林overcultivation 过度耕种catastrophic灾难性的erosion剥蚀moderating缓解skeleton骨架

Lowliest低级aquilibrium平衡consensus共识

Glacial冰的tilate 冰碛物fluvial河流的lacustrine湖泊的paludal沼泽

Delta三角洲estuary 河口lagoon泻湖tidal 潮泙barrier bar障壁坝

Neritic浅海bathyal半深海abyssal深海realms域

Basin and range coupling盆山耦合

Cliffed coastlines 悬崖海岸线submarine canyons海底峡谷current-scoured shelves水冲浊蚀大陆架subaqueous水下沉积物sedimentary cover沉积盖层nondeposition沉积间断peneplanes 准平原weathering profiles 风化剖面

Attribute属性，归属于frequency频率seismic impendence波阻抗lateral侧向stratigraphic unit地层单元metamorphic rocks变质岩Delta plain，delta front，prodelta Distributary channel分支河道mouth bar河口坝sub-tidal潮下inter-tidal潮间supra-tidal 潮上sub-salt盐下supra-salt盐上paleontologic古生物的paleontology古生物学reef facies生物礁相tidal flat facies潮坪相petrology岩石学shoreface facies滨岸相tidalite潮积相criteria标准feminist女权主义者assistant助理point-bar facies点沙坝insulting侮辱spectrum范围，光谱geometry 几何foreshore滨前相backshore 滨后相demonstration演示arkosic sandstone长石质砂岩setting背景lithiarenite岩屑砂岩braid bar辨状河心滩dolomitization白云岩化outcrop露头subsurface：core岩心side core 井壁取心drilling cutting钻井岩屑

Lesson 23 Folds

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