说明文阅读训练10篇教程文件

合集下载

中考说明文阅读专题训练精选10篇

中考说明文阅读专题训练精选10篇

说明文阅读专题中考语文说明文阅读专题复习:京剧阅读下面短文,完成题目。

①京剧又称平剧、京戏,中国戏曲三鼎甲“榜首”,已有200多年历史,享誉海内外,有“国剧”之称。

分布地以北京为中心,遍及全国。

它是由徽调(安徽的地方曲调)、汉调(武汉一带的曲调)为主融合昆曲、秦腔(陕西的地方曲调)和其他民间曲调特点发展而成的。

京剧唱腔以徽调的二黄和汉调西皮为主,所以京剧过去也称为“皮黄”。

②京剧的音乐基本上属于板腔体:西皮有导板(倒板)、慢板、原板、快三眼、二六、流水、快板、散板、摇板等板式;二黄除上述板式外,还有反西皮、反二黄、南梆子、四平调、吹腔等。

这些板式分别表现了不同感情。

一般来说,西皮适宜表现活泼昂扬的情感,二黄适宜表现苍凉深沉的情感,反西皮用于深切悲痛时,四平调、吹腔用于轻松愉快时,南梆子则多半用来表现少女柔情。

③京剧伴奏的乐器很多,主要有胡琴、二胡、南弦子、月琴、笛子、唢呐、管弦乐和打击乐器。

京剧表演歌舞并重,融合了大量武术技巧,多用虚拟动作,节奏感强,技术要求高,念白也具有音乐性,俗称“韵白”。

京剧在漫长的发展过程中,形成了中国戏曲“唱念做打”有机结合的独特艺术表演体系,对各地方剧种影响很大。

④京剧脚色(角色)根据男女老少、俊丑正邪分成生、旦、净、丑四大行当。

京剧中的“生”,一般指剧中扮演男子的演员,其中又可细分为“老生”(又称须生,一般为较年长的男子,例如京剧《伍子胥》中的伍子胥)、“小生”(青年男子,如京剧《白蛇传》中的许仙)和“武生”(男性武将,如京剧《长坂坡》中的赵云);旦又分“正旦”(又叫青衣,一般为大家闺秀,如《武家坡》中的王宝钏)、“花旦”(一般为小家碧玉,如《红娘》中的红娘)、“老旦”(老年妇女,如《龙凤呈祥》中的吴国太)、“武旦”(有武功的妇女,如《穆桂英》中的杨排风)、“彩旦”(诙谐或邪恶的妇女,如媒婆之类);净指品貌或性格特异的男子,又分为“武净”“文净”两大类,武净如张飞、李逵、黄盖等,文净如包公、曹操等;丑角(又称小花脸)是诙谐或邪恶的男子,也有文丑、武丑之别,文丑如《蒋干盗书》中的蒋干,武丑如《三岔口》中的刘利华等。

说明类文本阅读10篇

说明类文本阅读10篇

一、阅读下面的文字,完成1~5题。

(15分)未来战场的“倚天剑”:高超声速飞行器易小远①自古以来,人类始终有一个梦想:可以像小鸟一样在天空自由翱翔,甚至是飞向遥远的太空。

近年来,随着高超声速飞行器的快速发展,人类向自由来往太空的梦想又迈进了一大步。

②那么,什么是高超声速飞行器呢?所谓“高超声速飞行器”是指飞行速度超过5倍声速的飞机、导弹之类的有翼或无翼飞行器。

简单来说,这种飞行器从美国纽约飞到北京,用时不超过2个小时。

毋庸讳言,这么快的飞行器当然蕴涵着巨大的军事价值,可以说是战场上的“倚天剑”。

有了这种速度优势,无论是突防、侦察还是扩展战场空间,都能轻松搞定。

③随着科技的不断发展,高超声速技术已从概念和原理探索阶段进入了以高超声速巡航导弹、高超声速飞机和空天飞机等应用的技术开发阶段,世界各国都在高超声速技术的军事应用上展开了激烈角逐。

据报道,美国将在2018~2022年率先为欧洲司令部和太平洋司令部提供高超声速全球快速打击装备,其他战区则在“2022年以后再列装”。

④高超声速巡航导弹已成为实施现代战争远程精确打击的重要武器,目前正在向高速度、高精度、隐形化的方向发展。

美国正在研究发展的X-51高超声速巡航导弹长约3.5米,速度5马赫,经B-52轰炸机带到10668米的高空发射,由助推火箭加速到超声速,再利用冲压发动机使其达到高超声速。

X-51高超声速巡航导弹肩负着实现“全球快速打击系统”的重任,美国的最终目标就是要将它发展成为可以在一小时内攻击地球任意位置目标的新武器。

除此之外,2016年,美国国防部高级研究计划局和美空军联合主管的“高超声速吸气式武器概念”和“战术助推滑翔”两个战术级高超声速导弹演示验证项目授予了洛马和雷神公司,预计将在2019年实现首次试飞。

⑤高超声速侦察机是一种新式侦察机,速度可达5~9马赫,航程超过2000千米,有人或无人驾驶。

相比传统意义的侦察机,它的侦察变得更容易、更安全。

中考说明文阅读专题训练精选10篇

中考说明文阅读专题训练精选10篇

中考说明文阅读专题训练精选10篇1. 夏令营报名须知夏令营报名须知内容主要包括报名时间、报名方式、报名费用等信息。

学生在报名时需按照要求填写报名表格,并缴纳相应费用。

报名时间通常在暑假期间,家长需提前关注报名通知,以免错过报名时间。

2. 城市公园使用须知城市公园使用须知主要涵盖了公园开放时间、进入公园的规定、禁止行为等内容。

市民在进入公园前需要了解公园的开放时间,同时,不得擅自破坏公园设施,保持公园整洁。

3. 购物中心安全须知购物中心安全须知主要包括购物中心开放时间、火灾安全注意事项、遗失物品处理等内容。

顾客在购物中心购物时应注意个人财产安全,避免遗失物品。

同时,在火灾发生时,要按照购物中心的疏散指引及时有序地撤离。

4. 公共交通乘车须知公共交通乘车须知主要涉及到公交车、地铁等公共交通工具的使用规定,如不得强行冲上车辆、不得在车上吸烟等。

同时,对于老人、孕妇等有特殊需求的乘客,公交车上的座位会优先给予他们。

5. 垃圾分类指南垃圾分类指南主要介绍了不同类型的垃圾应当如何分类处理。

一般来说,垃圾可以分为可回收物、有害垃圾、厨余垃圾和其他垃圾四类,市民需要按照指南的要求进行垃圾分类,以便更好地保护环境。

6. 网络安全守则7. 图书馆借阅须知图书馆借阅须知主要涉及到借阅规则、图书损坏赔偿等内容。

借阅图书时需要携带借书证,按照规定的借阅时限借阅图书,同时爱护书籍,避免损坏。

如遇到图书遗失或损坏的情况,应及时赔偿。

8. 就餐礼仪指南就餐礼仪指南主要介绍了在就餐过程中应遵守的礼仪规范,如就座次序、使用餐具的规范等。

在就餐时应注意礼貌待人,不大声喧哗,并妥善使用餐具和餐巾等。

9. 旅行注意事项旅行注意事项主要包括旅行前需做好准备、防范旅途安全等内容。

在旅行前,需要提前查阅相关旅行攻略、天气情况等,做好准备工作。

在旅行过程中,需注意个人财产安全,并且不要擅自违规行为。

10. 灵活就业指南灵活就业指南主要涵盖了灵活就业的方式、注意事项、权益保障等内容。

说明文阅读 10 篇

说明文阅读 10 篇

说明文阅读10 篇(一)说窗“窗”字,初创时为“囱”,是个象形字。

《说文解字》中说:“囱,在墙曰牖(音y ou,窗子),在屋曰囱。

象形。

”远古先民的穴居之口开在屋顶,既是门,又是窗,所以,甲骨文的“窗”为原始形态“洞口”(窗)的直观白描。

后来,“窗”字才变为由“穴”和“囱”两部分组成的字形。

钱钟书先生在一篇关于“窗”的散文中写道:“窗可以算房屋的眼睛。

窗子打通了大自然和人的隔膜,把风和太阳逗引进来,使屋子里也关着一部分春天,让我们安坐了享受,无须再到外面去找。

”这段话形象地道出了窗的最本质功能:给房屋以阳光、空气、清风与视眼。

窗,具有审美功能,最能表现中国传统建筑之美。

对于人,“眼睛是灵魂的窗户”,对于房屋,窗户则是建筑灵魂的眼睛。

窗户是会说话的,是有表情的,它所流露出的人情味也特别令人回味。

在浩如烟海的古典诗词中,窗是词人吟咏不尽的题材,自然景物是窗中永恒的画面。

“窗含西岭千秋雪,门泊东吴万里船”“来日绮窗前,寒梅著花未”这些名诗佳句,至今还广为传诵。

窗的艺术性在中国园林中更是发挥地淋漓尽致。

窗在园林中的妙用,主要通过漏窗和空窗来体现其“借景”功能。

开在圆墙上的漏窗,又称花窗,多用砖瓦空砌而成。

框中构图,形式多样,千变万化。

图案内容多为花鸟、山水或几何图形。

它本身是景,又可窗内窗外双向“借景”,极尽“漏”之能事。

不装窗扇的窗称为空窗。

空窗有方形、长方形、圆形、六角形、扇形、葫芦形等多种形式,在大面积白粉墙的衬托下显得十分典雅优美。

空窗本身不作景象,只在组景中起景框作用,窗的后面多置石峰,植竹丛、芭蕉之类,形成一幅幅小品图画,正如清代李渔在《闲情偶记》中所说:“同一物也,同一事也,此窗未设之前,仅作事物观,一有此窗,则不烦指点,人人俱作画图观矣。

”窗的这些特点为古代那些能工巧匠提供了施展才华的广阔天地,于是,窗的设计就更加活泼,造型更加丰富,且流露出更多的真性情。

然而现在,我们房屋窗户的造型几乎100%着眼于实用,窗的魅力在现代建筑中日益衰退。

海南省2019年中考语文阅读专项训练-说明文阅读10篇(附答案)

海南省2019年中考语文阅读专项训练-说明文阅读10篇(附答案)

说明文阅读(10篇)一、阅读下面的文章,完成1~4题。

(11分)中国饮食文化的意义①中国饮食文化博大精深,源远流长。

经过历史岁月的沉淀,在中国饮食早已超出了它本身的意义,更具有深刻的文化意义。

它不仅仅推动着民族间的相互融合,一定程度上还代表了中华优秀传统文化。

②现在的中国人在吃的方面为的并不仅仅是满足于生理的需要,吃的文化已经超过了吃本身,有了更为深刻的社会意义。

我们可以将其社会意义概括为精、美、情、礼四个字。

这四个字反映了饮食活动过程中饮食品质、审美体验、情感活动、社会功能等所包含的独特文化意蕴,也反映了饮食文化与中华优秀传统③精是对中华饮食文化的内在品质的概括。

孔子说:“食不厌精,脍不厌细。

”这反映了古人对食物求精的意识。

这种精品意识作为一种文化精神越来越广泛、越来越深入地渗透、贯彻到整个饮食活动过程中。

在中国的宴席中,选料、烹调、配料乃至饮食环境都体现着一个精字。

同时,随着物质生活水平的提高,中国人已把精视为一种重视、尊重客人的表现。

④美是对中华饮食文化的审美要求的概括。

中华饮食之所以能够征服世界,重要原因之一..就在于它的美。

这种美是指中国饮食活动形式与内容的完美统一,是指它给人们带来的审美愉悦和精神享受。

⑤食物不仅应该味道美,其色、香都应该符合美的要求。

《左氏春秋》中说:“和如羹焉,水火醯醢①盐梅以烹鱼肉,遳之以薪。

宰夫和之,齐之以味”,讲的也是这个意思....。

美作为饮食文化的一个基本内涵,它是中华饮食的魅力所在,美贯穿在饮食活动过程的每一个环节中。

⑥情是对中华饮食文化社会心理功能的概括。

吃喝实际上是人与人之间情感交流的媒介,是一种具有特殊意义的社交活动。

一边吃饭一边聊天可以做生意、交流信息、采访,有着达到某种目的的社会功能。

朋友在一起小聚,都习惯于在饭桌上表达或诉说自己的情感。

⑦在中国传统的宴席上,大家围圆桌筵席而坐,这首先就从形式上营造了一种团结、礼貌、共趣的气氛。

美味佳肴置于中心,人们相互敬酒让菜,热闹非凡,这符合我们民族大团圆的普遍心态。

最新说明文阅读训练10篇教学文稿

最新说明文阅读训练10篇教学文稿

说明文阅读训练;1.3G手机①3G正式发放牌照,中国通信业一桩大事终于在2009年初尘埃落定。

新通信时代来临,我们会发现,3G时代的手机不仅仅是手机,还是电脑、电视、直播中转器、导航仪、游戏机、信用卡。

到底3G将会带给我们什么样的改变呢?②3G手机一般正反两面各有一个摄像头,背面的摄像头用来拍照,正面的摄像头用来视频通话。

这样,用户既可以在屏幕上看见对方的面貌,在屏幕的右下角,还能看见自己的表情模样,可随时将自己的影像调整到最佳角度。

③如果说视频通话还不过瘾,未来3G手机还有望实现“电视通话”。

安装一个特殊机顶盒和摄像头后,将手机和电视连接,就可以一边打电话一边看通话对方在电视里“现场直播”了。

④可视电话的功能还包括手机视频会议。

以TD为例,在拨通12535之后,就可以开始手机视频会议。

目前视频会议可实现4人同时对话。

⑤无论是TD还是CDMA2000,无线上网速度仍旧徘徊在几百K以内,不过中国电信宣称,CDMA2000网络不久就能让无线上网的“平均下载速率”达到1.2M。

而联发科计划在明年下半年推出3.5G的TD芯片,让TD手机的传输下行速率高达2.8M,上行速率达到2.2M。

⑥普通的512K家庭宽带通过百度下载一首4.5M的歌曲,大约需要半分钟,而下行速率有1.2M,同样一首歌可以在4秒钟内下载完毕;如果下行速率高达2.8M,那么这首歌可以在2秒钟内下载完毕,说一眨眼之间完成也毫不为过。

⑦下载尚如此快捷,打开几个网页,通过手机MSN、QQ聊天,收发邮件等基本功能就更不在话下了。

高速上网让线上游戏也有可能搬到手机的方寸屏幕之间。

⑧手机电视实现途径有两种:一种是通过GPRS,另外一种则是CMMB、DAB等广电模式。

前者可以让用户与电视实现互动,用户可以通过手机主动点播节目、定制服务,缺憾是产生的流量资费不菲;后者则等于将传统的电视屏幕搬到了手机上,让人们把电视揣进裤兜里,随时随地娱乐消遣。

⑨更新鲜的电视应用还在后头。

2019年中考语文说明文阅读10篇实战练习(带答案)

2019年中考语文说明文阅读10篇实战练习(带答案)

2019年中考语文说明文阅读10篇实战练习(名师精选全国中考真题+详细答案练习)一、阅读《用AI 计算情绪》一文,回答1~3 题。

(每小题2 分,共6 分)用AI 计算情绪蒋虹霞①学习机能够从你的面部读出“困惑”,自动放慢教学进度;你的车能感知你的疲惫,强制停车或报警;甚至你的冰箱能够感知你的体重,“体贴”地自动上锁……②这些以前人们不敢想象的场景,如今正在逐渐成为现实。

Affectiva 是一家创立于 2009 年的美国创业公司,主要研究“情绪AI”,即通过捕捉人类的面部表情,来分析判断情感,并做出反馈。

该公司的核心技术是一个叫Affdex 的情感引擎。

③如何让冷冰冰的机器识别人类情绪?④Affdex利用计算机视觉和深度学习技术,观察分析人类面部表情的纹理、肌肉及其动态变化,总结出快乐、生气、伤心等情绪状态在面部表现出的差别,对眼睛、眉毛、嘴唇等面部特征点进行“编码”。

⑤用户只需要运行Affdex,摄像头里的白色边界框就会准确地锁定人类面部跟踪重要特征点,再把用户的面部表情与图像数据库进行比对,得出一份“情感得分”报告。

每一次的表情读取都会形成一个情感数据点。

⑥Affectiva 的联合创始人 Kaliouby 认为,“情绪能够帮助我们做出科学的决策”。

在Affdex 情绪识别技术的帮助下,广告商和品牌公司可以通过观察用户的面部表情来评估商品的销售情况、广告效果等,准确地找出他们的兴趣点,有针对性地调整策略。

⑦零售技术公司Cloverleaf 就把Affdex 情绪识别技术应用到门店的货架管理,来捕获用户互动数据,并进行情绪跟踪。

除了市场营销,Affdex 情绪识别技术也将被广泛地应用于视频、教育、医疗、游戏等各个行业。

⑧智能相机HubbleHugo,就安装了 Affdex。

该产品除了可以进行情绪识别外,还能够接受语音指令,对家中进行视频监控,甚至充当摄影师和视频记录员。

⑨随着搜集的数据越来越多,迄今为止,Affectiva 公司已经积累了来自 75 个国家的不同年龄、性别和种族的 570 多万张面孔,产生了超过 500 亿个情感数据点,建立了世界上最大的情感数据库。

初中语文记叙文说明文议论文阅读训练十篇及答案

初中语文记叙文说明文议论文阅读训练十篇及答案

语文阅读训练(一)阅读文章,回答问题。

妈妈的额头蒋平①童年的印象里,母亲的额头是最亲切的。

那时的我体质弱,常常生病发烧。

每次见到我一脸绯红的样子,母亲就觉得不对劲,然后她的额头就会贴在我的额头上,只那么轻轻一贴,母亲就能准确判断出我的健康状况。

②母亲的额头,很多时间都被汗水占据着,劳动着的母亲是美丽的。

那时候,年轻的母亲,以光洁而温馨的额头为纸,为这个家,书写着人生的喜怒哀乐。

跟我们在一起,有说有笑的日子,母亲是开心的,幸福的,这些开心和幸福,在她的额头上表现得阳光灿烂。

当我们遇到挫折和磨难,那额头上则会写满忧虑和郁闷。

我一度怀疑,多年以后,母亲额头上那一条条清晰的纹路,该是多年担忧留下的记忆档案。

③母亲用额头为我诊断了无数次病痛,而她自己生病的时候,总是悄悄瞒着。

好些回,我看见母亲浑身无力地躺在床上,父亲用湿毛巾捂着她的额头,才知道母亲已被病魔折腾多时。

每一次,母亲从疲惫中爬起来,第一件事就是揉拍前额,好让自己保持一份清醒,第一时间理清生活的繁琐,解开心头的愁结,为家的未来精打细算。

韶华流转中,母亲老了,无论记忆力还是动作气力,已经大不如前,唯一不改的,依然是拍额头的习惯性动作,那手掌在额头上发出的声音,于我而言,更多成了一种带着淡淡咏叹的生活乐章。

④母亲是爱美的,也许从她懂事时起,就用那些粉膏,每天在额头上涂抹。

然而岁月匆匆,雨霜重重,谁也无法挽留青春饱满的脚步。

一道道皱纹,在一个个不经意的夜晚,悄悄爬上了母亲的额头。

如果说母亲是一棵树,那额头上的纹路,就像一圈圈年轮,圈满了昨日的记忆。

而我更感觉那纹路如林,是一种写在额头上的不变情怀,仿佛漫山遍野的秀木,永远葱绿绵长。

⑤母亲七十大寿那天,女儿忽然说头晕,母亲的额头,又习惯性地跟她贴在一起。

那是怎样的两张额头啊,一张沧桑遍布,饱经风霜;一张青春饱满,一如母亲当年。

母亲仔细端详着孙女,不由感慨万千:“奶奶老了,瞧这额头上的皱纹,多深!”我伸过手,轻抚母亲的额头:“妈,谁说您老呀。

10篇说明文阅读题及答案

10篇说明文阅读题及答案

初中语文说明文阅读训练大全(一)阅读下面文章,完成第1—5题。

人类能在地球上生活多久(节选)何祚庥①人类能在地球上生活多久?这既涉及可持续发展战略,涉及地球为人类的生存和发展所提供的资源,也涉及地球的外在环境究竟能在多少年内维持不变。

②太阳是决定地球外在环境最重要的因素。

根据近代天文学家的理论,太阳将持续而稳定地向地球提供光和热,地球绕太阳旋转的平均半径,将长期维持不变,至多只有极小的摆动,这一过程将至少还持续40亿年。

过了40亿年后,太阳将逐渐膨胀而演化为红巨星,最后将地球完全吞吃到它的“肚子”里。

③太阳对地球的影响实在是太巨大了,“只要太阳吼一吼,地球立即抖一抖”。

至于人类,却承受不了地球的任何抖动!不过,太阳为地球持续提供长达4000万年的光和热却是没有问题的,因为在4000万年的年代里,所消耗的能量还不到太阳总量的1%!所以,研究人类在地球上持续生存和发展的问题,至少要以人类能在地球上持续生存4000万年为奋斗目标!④但是人类面临的真正威胁,却是来自人类自身。

如果人们认为400年前伽利略是近代科学之父的话,那么这400年来科学、技术以及工业、农业的发展,就远远超过自有人类历史以来的400万年间的成就。

与此同时,近400年来所消耗的地球上的资源,也大大超过了在400万年间人类所消耗的资源总量!如果按照现在消耗不断增长的趋势发展下去,试问4000年后乃至4000万年后的地球将是什么样的面貌?⑤地球上的资源可分为两类:一类是可再生资源,另一类是不可再生资源。

虽然人类可以用消耗可再生资源的办法补充一些不可再生资源,但这在数量上毕竟是有限度的。

所以,人类的生存和发展的问题,归根结底将取决于地球上的资源能在多少年内按照某些资源的消耗标准维持人类的正常生活。

⑥其实,4000万年只是一个保守的说法,太阳的光和热,完全可能持续更长一些时间,即使太阳系内出现某些反常事件,如小行星撞击地球,但也不太可能在4000万年内发生,而且人们完全能发射有超强破坏力的导弹,使小行星改变航道;所以,地球上的居民,至少在相当长的一个时期内,是大可不必“杞人无事忧天倾”的!⑦但是,真正值得忧虑的,是人,是人能否控制人类自身!1.本文从两个方面回答了“人类能在地球上生活多久”的问题,一个方面是太阳能否持续而稳定地向地球提供光和热,另一方面是_________________________________。

备战高考英语名校模拟真题速递(江苏专用)专题06 阅读理解之说明文10篇(第六期)(含解析)

备战高考英语名校模拟真题速递(江苏专用)专题06 阅读理解之说明文10篇(第六期)(含解析)

备战高考英语名校模拟真题速递(江苏专用)第六期专题06 阅读理解之说明文10篇(2024·江苏南通·模拟预测)Mark Temple, a medical molecular (分子的) biologist, used to spend a lot of time in his lab researching new drugs for cancer treatments. He would extract DNA from cells and then add a drug to see where it was binding (结合) along the chemical sequence(序列). Before he introduced the drug, he’d look at DNA combination on a screen to see what might work best for the experiment, but the visual readout of the sequences was often unimaginably large.So Temple wondered if there was an easier way to detect favorable patterns. I realized I wanted to hear the sequence,” says Temple, who is also a musician. He started his own system of assigning notes to the different elements of DNA — human DNA is made of four distinct bases, so it was easy to start off with four notes — and made a little tune out of his materials. This trick indeed helped him better spot patterns in the sequences, which allowed him to make better choices about which DNA combinations to use.Temple isn’t the first person to turn scientific data into sound. In the past 40 years, researchers have gone from exploring this trick as a fun way to spot patterns in their studies tousing it as a guide to discovery. And the scientific community has come to realize that there’s some long-term value in this type of work. Temple, who from that first experiment has created his own algorithmic software to turn data into sound, believes the resulting music can be used to improve research and science communication.So Temple decided to add layers of sound to make the sonification (可听化) into songs. He sees a clear difference between “sonification” and “musification”. Using sound to represent data is scientific, but very different from using creative input to make songs. The musical notes from DNA may be melodic to the human ear, but they don’t sound like a song you’d listen to on the radio. So when he tried to sonify the virus, he added layers of drums and guitar, and had some musician friends add their own music to turn the virus into a full-blown post-rock song.Temple sees this work as an effective communication tool that will help a general audience understand complex systems in biology. He has performed his songs in public at concert halls in Australia.1.What is Mark Temple’s purpose in turning DNA data into sound?A.To help him fight boredom.B.To develop his creative ability.C.To make his drug more powerful.D.To aid the process of his experiments.2.What can we learn about Temple’s system?A.Its effect remains to be seen.B.It failed to work as expected.C.It is too complicated to operate.D.It has produced satisfying results.3.Why did Temple try to make the virus sound like real music when sonifying it?A.To get rid of public fear of the virus.B.To show h1s talent in producing music.C.To facilitate people’s understanding of science.D.To remind people or the roe or Science in art creation.4.What does the text mainly talk about?A.Why scientists are turning molecules into music.B.How scientists help the public understand science.C.Why music can be the best way to present science.D.How music helps scientists conduct their research.(2024·江苏南通·模拟预测)Phonics, which involves sounding out words syllable (音节) by syllable, is the best way to teach children to read. But in many classrooms, this can be a dirty word. So much so that some teachers have had to take phonics teaching materials secretly into the classroom. Most American children are taught to read in a way that study after study has found to be wrong.The consequences of this are striking. Less than half of all American adults were efficient readers in 2017. American fourth graders rank 15th on the Progress in International Literacy Study, an international exam.America is stuck in a debate about teaching children to read that has been going on for decades. Some advocate teaching symbol sound relationships (the sound k can be spelled as c, k, ck, or ch) known as phonics Others support an immersive approach (using pictures of cat to learn the word cat), known as “whole language”. Most teachers today, almost three out of four according to a survey by EdWeek Research Centre in 2019, use a mix of the two methods called “balanced literacy”.“A little phonics is far from enough.” says Tenette Smith, executive director of elementary education and reding at Mississippi’s education department. “It has to be systematic and explicitly taught.”Mississippi, often behind in social policy, has set an example here. In a state once blamed for its low reading scores, the Mississippi state legislature passed new literacy standards in 2013.Since then Mississippi has seen remarkable gains., Its fourth graders have moved from 49th (out of 50 states) to 20th on the National assessment of Educational Progress, a nationwide exam.Mississippi’s success is attributed to application of reading methods supported by a body of research known as the science of reading. In 1997 experts from the Department of Education ended the “reading war” and summed up the evidence. They found that phonics, along with explicit instruction in phonemic (音位的) awareness,fluency and comprehension, worked best.Yet over two decades on, “balanced literacy” is still being taught in classrooms. But advances in statistics and brain imaging have disproved the whole-language method. To the teacher who is an efficient reader, literacy seem like a natural process that requires educated guessing, rather than the deliberate process emphasized by phonics. Teachers can imagine that they learned to read through osmosis(潜移默化) when they were children. Without proper training, they bring this to classrooms.5.What do we learn about phonics in many American classrooms?A.It is ill reputed.B.It is mostly misapplied.C.It is totally ignored.D.It is seemingly contradictory.6.What has America been witnessing?A.A burning passion for improving teaching methods.B.A lasting debate over how to teach children to read.C.An increasing concern with children’s inadequacy in literacy.D.A forceful advocacy of a combined method for teaching reading.7.What’s Tenette Smith’s attitude towards “balanced literacy”?A.Tolerant.B.Enthusiastic.C.Unclear.D.Disapproving.8.According to the author what contributed to Mississippi’s success?A.Focusing on the natural process rather than deliberate training.B.Obtaining support from other states to upgrade teaching methods.C.Adopting scientifically grounded approaches to teaching reading.D.Placing sufficient emphasis upon both fluency and comprehension.(2024·江苏泰州·一模)A satellite is an object in space that orbits around another. It has two kinds — natural satellites and artificial satellites. The moon is a natural satellite that moves around the earth while artificial satellites are those made by man.Despite their widespread impact on daily life, artificial satellites mainly depend on different complicated makeups. On the outside, they may look like a wheel, equipped with solar panels or sails. Inside, the satellites contain mission-specific scientific instruments, which include whatever tools the satellites need to perform their work. Among them, high-resolution cameras and communication electronics are typical ones. Besides, the part that carries the load and holds all the parts together is called the bus.Artificial satellites operate in a systematic way just like humans. Computers function as the satellite’s brain, which receive information, interpret it, and send messages back to the earth. Advanced digital cameras serve asthe satellite’s eyes. Sensors are other important parts that not only recognize light, heat, and gases, but also record changes in what is being observed. Radios on the satellite send information back to the earth. Solar panels provide electrical power for the computers and other equipment, as well as the power to move the satellite forward.Artificial satellites use gravity to stay in their orbits. Earth’s gravity pulls everything toward the center of the planet. To stay in the earth’s orbit, the speed of a satellite must adjust to the tiniest changes in the pull of gravity. The satellite’s speed works against earth’s gravity just enough so that it doesn’t go speeding into space or falling back to the earth.Rockets carry satellites to different types and heights of orbits, based on the tasks they need to perform. Satellites closer to the earth are in low-earth orbit, which can be 200-500 miles high. The closer to the earth, the stronger the gravity is. Therefore, these satellites must travel at about 17,000 miles per hour to keep from falling back to the earth, while higher-orbiting satellites can travel more slowly.9.What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A.The appearance of artificial satellites.B.The components of artificial satellites.C.The basic function of artificial satellites.D.The specific mission of artificial satellites.10.What is the role of computers in artificial satellites?A.Providing electrical power.B.Recording changes observed.C.Monitoring space environment.D.Processing information received.11.How do artificial satellites stay in their orbits?A.By relying on powerful rockets to get out of gravity.B.By orbiting at a fixed speed regardless of gravity’s pull.C.By changing speed constantly based on the pull of gravity.D.By resisting the pull of gravity with advanced technologies.12.Why do satellites in higher-earth orbit travel more slowly?A.They are more affected by earth’s gravity.B.They take advantage of rockets more effectively.C.They have weaker pull of gravity in higher orbits.D.They are equipped with more advanced instruments.(2024·江苏泰州·一模)The human body possesses an efficient defense system to battle with flu viruses. The immune system protects against the attack of harmful microbes (微生物) by producing chemicals called antibodies, which are programmed to destroy a specific type of microbe. They travel in the blood and search the body for invaders (入侵者). When they find an invasive microbe, antibodies attack and destroy any cell thatcontains the virus. However, flu viruses can be a terrible enemy. Even if your body successfully fights against the viruses, with their ability to evolve rapidly, your body may have no protection or immunity from the new ones.Your body produces white blood cells to protect you against infectious diseases. Your body can detect invading microbes in your bloodstream because they carry antigens in their proteins. White blood cells in your immune system, such as T cells, can sense antigens in the viruses in your cells. Once your body finds an antigen, it takes immediate action in many different ways. For example, T cells produce more antibodies, call in cells that eat microbes, and destroy cells that are infected with a virus.One of the best things about the immune system is that it will always remember a microbe it has fought before and know just how to fight it again in the future. Your body can learn to fight so well that your immune system can completely destroy a virus before you feel sick at all.However, even the most cautious people can become infected. Fortunately, medical scientists have developed vaccines (疫苗), which are weakened or dead flu viruses that enter a person’s body before the person gets sick. These viruses cause the body to produce antibodies to attack and destroy the strong viruses that may invade during flu season.13.Why does flu pose a threat to the immune system?A.Microbes contain large quantities of viruses.B.Antibodies are too weak to attack flu viruses.C.The body has few effective ways to tackle flu.D.It’s hard to keep pace with the evolution of viruses.14.What does the underlined word “antigens” refer to in Paragraph 2?A.The cell protecting your body from viruses.B.The matter serving as the indicator of viruses.C.The antibodies helping to fight against viruses.D.The substance destroying cells infected with viruses.15.How do vaccines defend the body against the flu viruses?A.They strengthen the body’s immune system.B.They battle against weakened or dead viruses.C.They help produce antibodies to wipe out viruses.D.They expose the body to viruses during flu season.16.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A.Antibodies Save Our Health.B.Vaccines Are Of Great Necessity.C.Infectious Flu Viruses Are Around.D.Human Body Fights Against Flu Viruses.(23-24高三下·江苏扬州·开学考试)A recent study, led by Professor Andrew Barron, Dr. HaDi MaBouDi, and Professor James Marshall, illustrates how evolution has fine-tuned honey bees to make quick judgments while minimizing danger.“Animal lives are full of decisions,” says Professor Barron. “A honey bee has a brain smaller than a sesame (芝麻) seed. And yet it can make decisions faster and more accurately than’ we can. A robot programmed to do a bee’s job would need the backup of a supercomputer.”Bees need to work quickly and efficiently. They need to make decisions. Which flower will have a sweet liquid? While they’re flying, they face threats from the air. While landing, they’re vulnerable to potential hunter, some of which pretend to look like flowers.Researchers trained 20 bees to associate each of the five different colored “flower disks” with their visit history of reward and punishment. Blue flowers always had sugar juice. Green flowers always had a type of liquid with a bitter taste for bees. Other colors sometimes had glucose (葡萄糖). “Then we introduced each bee to a ‘garden’ with artificial ‘flowers’. We filmed each bee and timed their decision-making process,” says Dr. MaBouDi. “If the bees were confident that a flower would have food, they quickly decided to land on it, taking an average of 0.6 seconds. If they were confident that a flower wouldn’t have food, they made a decision just as quickly. If unsure, they took on average 1.4 seconds, and the time reflected the probability that a flower had food.”The team then built a computer model mirroring the bees’ decision-making process. They found the structure of the model looked very similar to the physical layout of a bee brain. “AI researchers can learn much from bees and other ‘simple’ animals. Millions of years of evolution has led to incredibly efficient brains with very low power requirements,” says Professor Marshall who co-founded a company that uses insect brain patterns to enable machines to move autonomously, like nature.17.Why does Professor Andrew Barron mention “a supercomputer”?A.To illustrate how a honey bee’s brain resemble each other.B.To explain how animals arrive at informed decisions fast.C.To demonstrate how a robot could finish a honey bee’s job.D.To emphasize how honey bees make decisions remarkably.18.Which of the following can best replace “vulnerable to” underlined in paragraph 3?A.Easily harmed by.B.Highly sensitive to.C.Deeply critical to.D.Closely followed by.19.What influenced the speed of trained bees in making decisions?A.Their judgments about reward and punishment.B.Their preference for the colors of flower disks.C.Their confirmation of food’s presence and absence.D.Their ability to tell real flowers from artificial ones.20.What message does Professor James Marshall want to give us?A.The power of bee brains is underestimated.B.Biology can inspire future AI.C.Autonomous machines are changing nature.D.AI should be far more efficient.(23-24高三下·江苏扬州·开学考试)Are you frequently overwhelmed by the feeling that life is leaving you behind, particularly when you look through social media sites and see all the exciting things your friends are up to? If so, you are not alone.FOMO, or Fear of Missing Out, refers to the perception that other people’s lives are superior to our own, whether this concerns socializing, accomplishing professional goals or generally having a more deeply fulfilling life. It shows itself as a deep sense of envy, and constant exposure to it can have a weakening effect on our self-respect. The feeling that we are always being left out of fundamentally important events, or that our lives are not living up to the image pictured by others, can have long-term damaging psychological consequences.While feelings of envy and inadequacy seem to be naturally human, social media seems to have added fuel to the fire in several ways. The reason why social media has such a triggering effect is tied to the appeal of social media in the first place: these are platforms which allow us to share only the most glowing presentations of our accomplishments, while leaving out the boring aspects of life. While this kind of misrepresentation could be characterized as dishonest, it is what the polished atmosphere of social media seems to demand.So how do we avoid falling into the trap of our own insecurities? Firstly, consider your own social media posts. Have you ever chosen photos or quotes which lead others to the rosiest conclusions about your life? Well, so have others and what they’ve left hidden is the fact that loneliness and boredom are unavoidably a part of everyone’s day-to-day life, and you are not the only one feeling left out. Secondly, learn to appreciate the positives. You may not be a regular at exciting parties or a climber of dizzying peaks, but you have your health, a place to live, and real friends who appreciate your presence in their lives. Last of all, learn to shake things off. We are all bombarded daily with images of other people’s perfection, but really, what does it matter? They are probably no more real than the most ridiculous reality TV shows.21.What can frequently experiencing FOMO lead to?A.Harm to one’s feeling of self-value.B.A more satisfying and fulfilling social life.C.Damage to one’s work productivity.D.Less likelihood of professional success.22.What does the author suggest in the third paragraph?A.The primary reason for FOMO is deeply rooted in social media.B.Our own social media posts help us feel much more confident.C.People who don’t share posts on social media are more bored.D.Social media’s nature enhances envious feelings and self-doubt.23.Why does the author mention reality TV shows in the last paragraph?A.To emphasize how false what we see on social media can be.B.To indicate how complicated social media has turned to.C.To figure out how popular and useful social media has been.D.To point out how educational value reality TV shows reflect.24.Which is the best title for the text?A.Myths and misconceptions about FOMO B.FOMO: what it is and how to overcome itC.How FOMO is changing human relationships D.We’re now all in the power of “FOMO addiction”(23-24高三上·江苏泰州·阶段练习)While Huawei’s official website does not call Mate 60 Pro a 5G smartphone, the phone’s wideband capabilities are on par with other 5G smartphones, raising a related question: As a leader in 5G technology, has Huawei managed to develop a 5G smartphone on its own?The answer is not simple. Huawei, as a pioneer in global 5G communication equipment, has played a leading role in the commercialization of 5G technology, with its strong system design and fields such as baseband chips (基带芯片), baseband processors and 5G modems.However, basebands and modems are not the only aspects that define 5G wireless communication. The stability and high-quality signals of a 5G smartphone also depend on other critical components such as RF transceivers (射频收发器) and RF front ends and antennas (天线) . These components are largely dominated by four US high-tech giants—Qualcomm, Avago Technologies, Ansem and Qorvo—which account for a surprising global market share.Huawei has faced significant challenges in getting critical components because of the sanctions imposed by the United States which are primarily responsible for the inability of the Chinese company to launch 5G smartphones in the past three years. However, Mate 60 Pro, despite not being labeled a 5G device, exhibits mobile network speeds comparable to Apple’s latest 5G-enabled devices, offering a stable communication experience. This suggests Huawei has, over the past three years, overcome the 5G development and production limits due to the US sanctions by cooperating with domestic partners, and establishing an independent and controllable stable supply chain.Considering that Huawei has not explicitly marketed this device as a 5G smartphone, it is possible that it isyet to fully overcome some key core technological and componential shortcomings. For the time being, we can consider Huawei’s Mate 60 Pro as 4.99G. But when combined with the satellite communication capabilities of Mate 60 Pro, it is clear Huawei has been trying to find more advanced wireless communication solutions for smartphones and making significant progress in this attempt. This should be recognized as a remarkable endeavor, even a breakthrough.25.What do the underlined words “on par with” mean in Paragraph 1?A.as poor as.B.as good as.C.worse than.D.better than.26.Why was it tough for Huawei to develop a 5G smartphone three years ago?A.Its system design and fields needed to be updated.B.It only focused on the commercialization of 5G technology.C.It was unwilling to cooperate with high-tech giants in America.D.It lacked critical components mainly controlled by US high-tech giants.27.What does Paragraph 4 centre on?A.The US sanctions.B.Critical components.C.Apple’s latest 5G-enabled devices.D.Progress in Mate 60 Pro.28.What is the text mainly about?A.Huawei faced with significant challengesB.Huawei’s Mate 60 Pro—a 5G smartphoneC.Huawei’s Mate 60 Pro—a remarkable breakthroughD.Huawei leading in global 5G communication equipment(23-24高三上·江苏无锡·期末)Blue-light-filtering glasses (滤蓝光眼镜) have become an increasingly popular solution for protecting our eyes from electronic screens’ near-inescapable glow — light that is commonly associated with eyestrain (眼疲劳). In recent years they’ve even become fashion statements that are recognized by celebrities and ranked in style guides. But a recent review paper shows such glasses might not be as effective as people think.The paper, published last week in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, analyzed data from previous trials that studied how blue-light-filtering glasses affect vision tiredness and eye health. The study’s authors found that wearing blue-light-filtering glasses does not reduce the eyestrain people feel after using computers.“It’s an excellent review,” says Mark Rosenfield, a professor at the State University of New York College of Optometry, who was not involved in the study. “The conclusions are no surprise at all. There have been a number of studies that have found exactly the same thing, that there’s just no evidence that blue-blocking glasses have anyeffect on eyestrain.” He adds that the new review reinforces the fact that there is virtually no evidence that blue-blocking glasses affect eyestrain despite them being specifically marketed for that purpose. As for using blue-light-filtering eyeglasses for eye health, for now, Rosenfield says, “there’s nothing to support people buying them”.The strain we may feel while staring at our phone or computer screen too long is likely to be caused by multiple factors, such as bad habits or underlying conditions, an associate professor of vision science at the University of Melbourne, Downie says. She argues that how we interact with digital devices contributes more to eyestrain than screens’ blue light does. Changing the frequency and duration of screen usage and distancing one’s eyes from the screens might be more important in reducing discomfort, Downie says. She adds that people who experience eyestrain should see a doctor to assess whether they have an underlying health issue such as far-sightedness or dry eye disease.29.What can we know about blue-light-filtering glasses from the text?A.They can improve eyesight.B.They may not reduce eyestrain.C.They can promote eye health.D.They can help to cure eye diseases.30.What can we infer from paragraph 2?A.A great many professors were involved in the study.B.Blue-blocking glasses on the market are harmful to eyes.C.The finding of the study comes as a surprise to the public.D.Data from previous trials help the study a lot.31.What does the underlined word “reinforces” mean in paragraph 3?A.Denies.B.Opposes.C.Strengthens.D.Evaluates.32.What should we do if we suffer from eyestrain according to Downie?A.Wear blue-light-filtering glasses.B.Have an examination in the hospital.C.Stop staring at the screen for ever.D.Focus on the frequency of phone usage.(2024·江苏连云港·一模)Not all birds sing, but several thousand species do. They sing to defend their territory and croon (柔声唱) to impress potential mates. “Why birds sing is relatively well-answered,” says Iris Adam, a behavioral neuroscientist. However, the big question for her was why birds sing so much.“As soon as you sing, you reveal yourself,” Adam says. “Like, where you are and where your territory is.” In a new study published in the journal Nature Communications, Adam and her co-workers offer a new explanation for why birds take that risk. They may have to sing a lot every day to give their vocal (发声的) muscles the regular exercise they need to produce top-quality songs. To figure out whether the muscles that produce birdsongsrequire daily exercise, Adam designed an experiment on zebra finches-the little Australian songbirds.She prevented them from singing for a week by keeping them in the dark cage almost around the clock. Light is what galvanizes the birds to sing, so she had to work to keep them from warbling (鸣叫). “The first two or three days, it’s quite easy,” she says. “But the longer the experiment goes, the more they are like, ‘I need to sing.’” At that point, she’d tap the cage and tell them to stop singing.After a week, the birds’ singing muscles lost half their strength. But Adam wondered whether that impacted the quality of songs. When she played a male’s song before and after the seven days of darkness, she couldn’t hear a difference. But when Adam played it to a group of female birds, six out of nine preferred the song that came from a male who’d been using his singing muscles daily.Adam’s conclusion shows that “songbirds need to exercise their vocal muscles to produce top-performance songs. If they don’t sing, they lose performance, and their songs get less attractive to females.” This may help explain songbirds’ continuous singing.It’s a good rule to live by, whether you’re a bird or a human-practice makes perfect, at least when it comes to singing one’s heart out.33.According to Iris Adam, birds sing so much to ______.A.warn other birds of risks B.produce more songsC.perform perfectly in singing D.defend their territory34.What does the underlined word “galvanizes” in Paragraph 3 mean?A.Prepares.B.Stimulates.C.Forbids.D.Frightens.35.What do we know about the caged birds in the experiment?A.They lost the ability to sing.B.They strengthened their muscles.C.Their songs showed no difference.D.Their songs became less appealing.36.What may Iris Adam agree with?A.The songbirds live on music.B.The songbirds are born singers.C.Daily exercise keeps birds healthy.D.Practice makes birds perfect singers.(23-24高三上·江苏扬州·期末)Sometimes called “Earth’s twin,” Venus is similar to our world in size and composition. The two rocky planets are also roughly the same distance from the sun, and both have an atmosphere. While Venus’s cold and unpleasant landscape does make it seem far less like Earth, scientists recently detected another striking similarity between the two, the presence of active volcanoes.When NASA’s Magellan mission mapped much of the planet with radar in the 1990sit revealed an。

【推荐】小学说明文阅读10篇-实用word文档 (14页)

【推荐】小学说明文阅读10篇-实用word文档 (14页)

本文部分内容来自网络整理,本司不为其真实性负责,如有异议或侵权请及时联系,本司将立即删除!== 本文为word格式,下载后可方便编辑和修改! ==小学说明文阅读10篇篇一:五年级精选短文阅读10篇(含答案)五年级精选短文阅读10篇(含答案)1、种辣椒常识课上,老师对植物的讲解,把我带到植物世界里。

听完课,我动了心,决心种点什么,仔细观察它的生长过程。

回到家,我找到了两个花盆,满心欢喜地种下了辣椒籽。

下种后,我每天都要给它浇些水,盼望种子早些发芽。

一天中午,弟弟告诉我花盆里出小苗了,我飞一样地跑到窗台前,只见一棵小嫩芽拱出土,又过了两天,好几棵小芽出来了。

小芽越来越多,我给小辣椒间苗,把太密的小苗小心翼翼地拔掉了一些。

到了盛夏,每株辣椒已有半尺多高了,它们的茎上都缀满了欲放的花苞,几天后,一朵朵雪白的小花,先后开放了。

大约又过了四五天,辣椒就开始结果了,出现了青绿的椭圆形的小辣椒,一个个缀在茎上,真惹人喜爱。

秋风吹进窗来,带进一股香气,辣椒开始由青变红,看上去更让人喜爱。

一个个两寸多长的小辣椒挂在枝头对我微笑,感谢我对它们的辛勤培育。

收获的时节到了,我满怀欣喜地把成熟的辣椒一个一个摘下,竟收了小半筐。

我看着筐里的辣椒,心想:这多有意思呀!知识来源于实践,而实践又必须付出辛勤的劳动,这难道不是真理吗?1.找出文章中点明中心的句子,在下面画横线。

2.把文章分成三段,在段尾用“‖”表示,并写出段意。

3.读下面句子,在括号里写出各运用了什么修辞手法。

① 小辣椒挂在枝头对我微笑,感谢我对它们的辛勤培育。

()② 我飞一样地跑到窗台前。

()2、蒙蒙的小雨蒙蒙的小雨正落着,陈红骑着自行车悠然于柏油路上。

她没有穿雨衣,因为她觉得在这样细雨中骑车很浪漫。

她望着路两边来去匆匆的行人,心想:这些人真是的,干嘛要东躲西藏的。

忽然迎面一辆的士飞驰而来她猛地拐向路边但车把挂在树干上她摔倒了小妹妹没事吧一个小伙子站在她身边问道陈红白了他一眼,没有理他。

五年级下册语文试题-说明科普类10篇阅读(带答案)人教部编版

五年级下册语文试题-说明科普类10篇阅读(带答案)人教部编版

五年级下册语文试题-说明科普类10篇阅读(带答案)人教部编版部编版小学五年级下册科普类说明文阅读训练10篇【附答案】姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、现代文阅读阅读汉字——中国古代的第五大发明汉字是最古老而最具有生命力的文字,中国仰韶文化时期就有了图形文字,到殷商时代转化成甲骨文,以后一直伴随着中华文化的发展,强有力地推动着文明的进程。

汉字对于继承中华文化,维护国家统一以及引进外来文明,促进国际交流都作出了不朽的历史贡献。

汉字在世界文字丛林中独树一帜,具有特殊的地位和优越性:它是最节省的词构文字。

汉字像魔块,有神奇般的组词能力,往往一个字能构建出许多个意义单位(词)。

如一个“白”字就组成了“白天”、“白痴”、“白兰地”、“白木耳”、“白马过隙”、“白璧无瑕”共100多个词条。

这样,汉语常用的四万个词汇只需要三千个汉字构建即可,就能拼写出绚丽多姿,气象万千,海洋般深邃,XXX般广阔的文章来,而人们识字的任务却很有限。

它是最富有XXX的智慧笔墨。

汉字表义能力出格强,它像一幅图画,(象形笔墨,形意笔墨,意音笔墨,和大量的偏旁表义),看惯了这些字,目击的瞬间就可以萌生联想,甚至产生情感,使人的认识迅速产生变革。

例如看“风”、“疯”、“峰”、“丰”、“封”等字,一看就可以理解其意义并产生想象它所施展阐发的情境,而拼音笔墨的“fenɡ”,目击它时人毫无觉得,只要读了前后文以后才懂得它的意义,思惟就慢了一拍。

它是世上独有的双脑文字。

人们都知道语言逻辑思维开发左脑,而形象情感生活开发右脑功能,汉字组成的视觉语言,具备了双重功能,既促进概念逻辑思维的发展,而文字图形又促进右脑的想象和情绪活动。

所以因左脑外伤得了“失语症”的病人,不能听和说,却仍能看懂汉字写成的文章,可见汉字对左右脑的开发具有同样重要的作用。

汉字是最优秀的艺术文字。

因为汉字是一幅幅的图画,当然书写时容易美化,所以世界上的文字唯有汉字的书写能发展为一门“书法艺术”。

2023年小学说明文阅读题 2023说明文阅读及答案10篇(八篇)

2023年小学说明文阅读题 2023说明文阅读及答案10篇(八篇)

2023年小学说明文阅读题 2023说明文阅读及答案10篇(八篇)(经典版)编制人:__________________审核人:__________________审批人:__________________编制单位:__________________编制时间:____年____月____日序言下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。

文档下载后可定制修改,请根据实际需要进行调整和使用,谢谢!并且,本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文,如报告大全、演讲致辞、规章制度、应急预案、方案大全、心得体会、祝福语、作文大全、教学资料、其他范文等等,想了解不同范文格式和写法,敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!Moreover, our store provides various types of classic sample essays, such as a comprehensive report, speeches, rules and regulations, emergency plans, plans, experiences, blessings, essays, teaching materials, other sample essays, etc. If you want to learn about different formats and writing methods of sample essays, please pay attention!2023年小学说明文阅读题 2023说明文阅读及答案10篇(八篇)人的记忆力会随着岁月的流逝而衰退,写作可以弥补记忆的不足,将曾经的人生经历和感悟记录下来,也便于保存一份美好的回忆。

【参考文档】说明文阅读题及答案10篇-精选word文档 (19页)

【参考文档】说明文阅读题及答案10篇-精选word文档 (19页)

本文部分内容来自网络整理,本司不为其真实性负责,如有异议或侵权请及时联系,本司将立即删除!== 本文为word格式,下载后可方便编辑和修改! ==说明文阅读题及答案10篇篇一:说明文阅读题及答案说明文一、阅读下面的文字.完成7—1 O题。

(1 1分)①传统的石化能源正在一天天的减少,同时全球还有20亿人得不到正常的能源供应。

这个时候,全世界都把目光投向了可再生能源,希望可再生能源能够改变人类的能源结构,维持长远的可持续发展。

太阳能是当前既可获得能量,又能减少二氧化碳等有害气体和有害物质排放的可再生能源之一。

越来越多的国家开始实行“阳光计划”,开发太阳能能源。

如美国的“光伏建筑计划”、欧洲的“百万屋顶光伏计划”、日本的“朝日计划”以及我国已开展的“光明工程”等。

②太阳能每秒钟到达地球的能量达1.7×l O14千瓦,如果我们把地球表面O.1%的太阳能转为电能,转变率5%,每年发电量即可望达到7.4×1 O13千瓦时,相当于目前全世界能耗的40倍。

因此,太阳能资源是非常丰富的能源,取之不尽,用之不竭,是人类能够自由利用的重要能源。

③资料显示,我国大部分地区太阳能资源丰富,太阳能资源开发潜力巨大。

全国总面积2/3以上地区年日照时数大于201X小时,理论储量达每年17000亿吨标准煤。

大多数地区年平均日辐射量在每平方米4千瓦时以上,陆地面积每年接受的太阳能辐射相当于上万个三峡工程发电量的总和。

④太阳能开发成本低廉,前景广阔。

近十年来,我国的太阳能利用产业得到快速发展。

特别是太阳能热水器,已初步形成较为完善的产业体系。

据预测,今后l 5年内,太阳能热水器将以20%左右的速度增长,全国城乡家庭使用太阳能热水器的户数将达总户数的25%。

随着太阳能利用方式研究的发展,太阳能空调也已经有了较为成熟的产品,有望今年走进百姓生活。

太阳能路灯、太阳能手机、太阳能无冲洗卫生间等一系列太阳能产品正处于开发应用阶段。

说明文答题思路及精品阅读十篇带答案

说明文答题思路及精品阅读十篇带答案

说明文答题思路及中考阅读训练及答案姓名:分数:说明文阅读题型:1、科学小品文特点:、2、说明文的语言特点:一般特点是:、、。

二般特点是:、。

题型:某个词语能否删,为什么?三、说明文中常见的说明顺序有:、、。

四、说明文的说明方法及作用提示:1 举例子:2 作比较:3 打比方(比喻):4 列数字:5 分类别:。

6 画图表:。

7下定义:。

8作诠释:。

9引用:五、词语、句子、段落的顺序能否颠倒,为什么?【答案】一、科学小品文特点:知识性、趣味性二、说明文的语言:一般说明文的语言特点,主要是准确、科学、严密。

二般特点是:生动、形象。

(通过叙述、描写等表达方式,或通过打比方、摹状貌等说明方法。

)题型:某个词语能否删,为什么?①不能删;②字面解释;③联系原文解释,这符合实际;④所以不能删;⑤这体现了说明文语言的准确、严密。

三、说明文中常见的说明顺序有:⑴空间顺序:说明事物的形状、构造,多在建筑物的结构,如上下、远近、左右、内外。

⑵时间顺序:说明事物的发展变化。

⑶逻辑顺序:说明事理,多说明事物之间的内在联系。

先主要后次要、先原因后结果等。

四、说明文的说明方法及作用提示:1 举例子:真实的事例,生动具体地说明了说明的对象-----的特点。

2 作比较:--------与--------比较,突出说明了事物------------- ----------的特点。

3 打比方(比喻):把……比作……,生动形象地说明了事物-----的特点。

4 列数字:具体的数字,准确科学地说明了事物------------------的特点。

5 分类别:条理清楚、层级清晰地说明了事物--------------的特点。

6 画图表:直观形象地说明了事物--------------的特点。

7下定义:简洁的语言,准确科学地揭示了事物-----------的本质特点。

8作诠释:科学的解说了------的(某一------ )特征。

9引用:引用名言、格言,使说明更有说服力;引用神话传说故事,增强说明的趣味性;引用在文章开头,有引出说明对象、引起读者阅读兴趣的作用。

五年级下册语文试题 - 说明科普类10篇阅读(带答案) 人教部编版

五年级下册语文试题 - 说明科普类10篇阅读(带答案) 人教部编版

部编版小学五年级下册科普类说明文阅读训练10篇【附答案】姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、现代文阅读阅读汉字——中国古代的第五大发明汉字是最古老而最具有生命力的文字,中国仰韶文化时期就有了图形文字,到殷商时代转化成甲骨文,以后一直伴随着中华文化的发展,强有力地推动着文明的进程。

汉字对于继承中华文化,维护国家统一以及引进外来文明,促进国际交流都作出了不朽的历史贡献。

汉字在世界文字丛林中独树一帜,具有特殊的地位和优越性:它是最节省的词构文字。

汉字像魔块,有神奇般的组词能力,往往一个字能构建出许多个意义单位(词)。

如一个“白”字就组成了“白天”、“白痴”、“白兰地”、“白木耳”、“白马过隙”、“白璧无瑕”共100多个词条。

这样,汉语常用的四万个词汇只需要三千个汉字构建即可,就能拼写出绚丽多姿,气象万千,海洋般深邃,天宇般广阔的文章来,而人们识字的任务却很有限。

它是最富有联想的智慧文字。

汉字表义能力特别强,它像一幅图画,(象形文字,形意文字,意音文字,和大量的偏旁表义),看惯了这些字,目击的瞬间就能萌发联想,甚至产生情感,使人的认识迅速发生变化。

例如看“风”、“疯”、“峰”、“丰”、“封”等字,一看就能理解其意义并产生想象它所表现的情境,而拼音文字的“fenɡ”,目击它时人毫无感觉,只有读了前后文以后才懂得它的意义,思维就慢了一拍。

它是世上独有的双脑文字。

人们都知道语言逻辑思维开发左脑,而形象情感生活开发右脑功能,汉字组成的视觉语言,具备了双重功能,既促进概念逻辑思维的发展,而文字图形又促进右脑的想象和情绪活动。

所以因左脑外伤得了“失语症”的病人,不能听和说,却仍能看懂汉字写成的文章,可见汉字对左右脑的开发具有同样重要的作用。

汉字是最优秀的艺术文字。

因为汉字是一幅幅的图画,当然书写时容易美化,所以世界上的文字唯有汉字的书写能发展为一门“书法艺术”。

看书法大师们的墨宝,有的高远飘逸,有的庄严凝重,有的苍劲有力,有的娟秀美丽,表现出种种神韵气质,这是世界上任何其它文字都难以表达的艺术美。

2024年最新说明文阅读(优质10篇)

2024年最新说明文阅读(优质10篇)

2024年最新说明文阅读(优质10篇)(经典版)编制人:__________________审核人:__________________审批人:__________________编制单位:__________________编制时间:____年____月____日序言下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。

文档下载后可定制修改,请根据实际需要进行调整和使用,谢谢!并且,本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文,如工作总结、工作计划、心得体会、条据文书、合同协议、规章制度、应急预案、教学资料、作文大全、其他范文等等,想了解不同范文格式和写法,敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!Moreover, our store provides various types of classic sample essays, such as work summaries, work plans, insights, normative documents, contract agreements, rules and regulations, emergency plans, teaching materials, complete essays, and other sample essays. If you want to learn about different sample formats and writing methods, please pay attention!2024年最新说明文阅读(优质10篇)2024年202阅读是提高自己思维能力的有效途径。

【参考文档】说明文阅读题及答案10篇-精选word文档 (19页)

【参考文档】说明文阅读题及答案10篇-精选word文档 (19页)

本文部分内容来自网络整理,本司不为其真实性负责,如有异议或侵权请及时联系,本司将立即删除!== 本文为word格式,下载后可方便编辑和修改! ==说明文阅读题及答案10篇篇一:说明文阅读题及答案说明文一、阅读下面的文字.完成7—1 O题。

(1 1分)①传统的石化能源正在一天天的减少,同时全球还有20亿人得不到正常的能源供应。

这个时候,全世界都把目光投向了可再生能源,希望可再生能源能够改变人类的能源结构,维持长远的可持续发展。

太阳能是当前既可获得能量,又能减少二氧化碳等有害气体和有害物质排放的可再生能源之一。

越来越多的国家开始实行“阳光计划”,开发太阳能能源。

如美国的“光伏建筑计划”、欧洲的“百万屋顶光伏计划”、日本的“朝日计划”以及我国已开展的“光明工程”等。

②太阳能每秒钟到达地球的能量达1.7×l O14千瓦,如果我们把地球表面O.1%的太阳能转为电能,转变率5%,每年发电量即可望达到7.4×1 O13千瓦时,相当于目前全世界能耗的40倍。

因此,太阳能资源是非常丰富的能源,取之不尽,用之不竭,是人类能够自由利用的重要能源。

③资料显示,我国大部分地区太阳能资源丰富,太阳能资源开发潜力巨大。

全国总面积2/3以上地区年日照时数大于201X小时,理论储量达每年17000亿吨标准煤。

大多数地区年平均日辐射量在每平方米4千瓦时以上,陆地面积每年接受的太阳能辐射相当于上万个三峡工程发电量的总和。

④太阳能开发成本低廉,前景广阔。

近十年来,我国的太阳能利用产业得到快速发展。

特别是太阳能热水器,已初步形成较为完善的产业体系。

据预测,今后l 5年内,太阳能热水器将以20%左右的速度增长,全国城乡家庭使用太阳能热水器的户数将达总户数的25%。

随着太阳能利用方式研究的发展,太阳能空调也已经有了较为成熟的产品,有望今年走进百姓生活。

太阳能路灯、太阳能手机、太阳能无冲洗卫生间等一系列太阳能产品正处于开发应用阶段。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

说明文阅读训练10篇说明文阅读训练;1.3G手机①3G正式发放牌照,中国通信业一桩大事终于在2009年初尘埃落定。

新通信时代来临,我们会发现,3G时代的手机不仅仅是手机,还是电脑、电视、直播中转器、导航仪、游戏机、信用卡。

到底3G将会带给我们什么样的改变呢?②3G手机一般正反两面各有一个摄像头,背面的摄像头用来拍照,正面的摄像头用来视频通话。

这样,用户既可以在屏幕上看见对方的面貌,在屏幕的右下角,还能看见自己的表情模样,可随时将自己的影像调整到最佳角度。

③如果说视频通话还不过瘾,未来3G手机还有望实现“电视通话”。

安装一个特殊机顶盒和摄像头后,将手机和电视连接,就可以一边打电话一边看通话对方在电视里“现场直播”了。

④可视电话的功能还包括手机视频会议。

以TD为例,在拨通12535之后,就可以开始手机视频会议。

目前视频会议可实现4人同时对话。

⑤无论是TD还是CDMA2000,无线上网速度仍旧徘徊在几百K以内,不过中国电信宣称,CDMA2000网络不久就能让无线上网的“平均下载速率”达到1.2M。

而联发科计划在明年下半年推出3.5G的TD芯片,让TD手机的传输下行速率高达2.8M,上行速率达到2.2M。

⑥普通的512K家庭宽带通过百度下载一首4.5M的歌曲,大约需要半分钟,而下行速率有1.2M,同样一首歌可以在4秒钟内下载完毕;如果下行速率高达2.8M,那么这首歌可以在2秒钟内下载完毕,说一眨眼之间完成也毫不为过。

⑦下载尚如此快捷,打开几个网页,通过手机MSN、QQ聊天,收发邮件等基本功能就更不在话下了。

高速上网让线上游戏也有可能搬到手机的方寸屏幕之间。

⑧手机电视实现途径有两种:一种是通过GPRS,另外一种则是CMMB、DAB 等广电模式。

前者可以让用户与电视实现互动,用户可以通过手机主动点播节目、定制服务,缺憾是产生的流量资费不菲;后者则等于将传统的电视屏幕搬到了手机上,让人们把电视揣进裤兜里,随时随地娱乐消遣。

⑨更新鲜的电视应用还在后头。

韩国SK电讯推出一款车载电视,可以与手机相连,手机接收到电视讯号后直接传输到汽车内的电视屏幕上,解决了手机屏幕过小的问题。

而华为的“位移电视”更是直接把手机和电视连为一体,如果用户看电视看到一半有事出门,手机可以在电视关机时立刻接通同一频道,让用户在路上也不会错过节目。

当然,后二者目前虽然还是概念化产品,但3G 网络成熟后就会择机推向市场。

⑩手机还可以充当房门钥匙、信用卡、交通卡、会员证、各种票据(如机票、火车票),甚至可直接用于超市购物。

虽然现在听起来觉得有些不可思议,但在3G发展较快的国家这已不是新鲜事。

⑪由于3G网络已经十分成熟,日本的运营商让手机也具备了不少“神奇”功能。

比如用手机乘坐地铁和购物,只需将手机放在读卡器上轻轻一刷,电脑联网直接从话费里扣除地铁票价(或者购物总费用)即可,其快捷简单类似于今天北京市民使用公交一卡通坐地铁。

据介绍,这一手机万能模式在日本已经拥有2200万用户。

而中国的运营商们也正在大力推广手机钱包、手机电子票等业务,有工作人员告诉记者,借鉴国外成功模式,中国的“万能手机”正在逐步变成现实。

1.读选文概括:3G手机有哪些功能。

2.从第②段画线句中选取一个词语,简析其体现了说明文语言怎样的特点。

3.第⑥段运用了列数字、作比较的方法,具体说明其作用。

4.试设想:3G手机会给我们的生活带来哪些正面和负面的影响?2.把摩托车穿在身上还记得科幻影片《蜘蛛侠》里的那个“章鱼博士”吗?他依靠模仿章鱼的机械在各种表面快速前进。

最近,美国一位大学生设计出了类似“章鱼博士”身上穿的机器,那是一种可以穿在身上的电动摩托车。

该车的最大特色是具有模仿人体背部结构的车身,可让司机控制摩托车就像控制自己的身体一样,随心所欲地行驶。

美国加州帕萨德纳设计学院的学生杰克·罗尼亚克觉得现在马路上奔跑的那些摩托车都太普通了,因此,他查阅了大量的资料,结合了变形金刚机器人、可穿戴的机器人、三轮摩托车等机器的特点,设计出了这款外形奇特、功能也不错的可穿戴式摩托车。

我们都曾经梦想像哪吒那样,脚蹬快速行驶的风火轮,想去哪儿就去哪儿。

可穿戴的摩托车就有些像风火轮了,只是它还不能让用户腾空飞起来。

开着这样奇特的摩托车上街,即使别人不认为你是外星人,也可能认为你是机器人。

哪吒的风火轮的好处是用自己的身体来控制行驶方向和速度,可穿戴摩托也有这样的好处,它的这种功能来源于模仿人体背部的车身设计。

该车的车身由36块用压缩空气推动的人造肌肉组成,另外还有7块人造脊椎骨。

当司机将这个车身穿在自己身上时,自己的身体怎么运动,车身就怎么运动。

也就是说,你自己的身体向哪儿转,车子也向哪儿转,基本上可以做到人车一体,就如同摩托车长在你身上一样。

因此,开这种可穿戴式摩托车不需要太多的技巧,也不大容易出现安全事故。

万一发生了车祸,背部穿戴的有弹性的车身也可以起缓冲作用,减轻车祸时碰撞产生的伤害。

可穿戴式摩托车的加速减速也可以完全由身体控制,你向下趴时,摩托车就开始加速;向上站立时,摩托车就减速;当身体完全站直后,摩托车就停了下来。

当然,为了安全,该车也设置有刹车。

可穿戴摩托车设计为三脚架的结构,稳定性很好,静止站立时不会倾倒。

和一般的三轮车有所不同的是,它的两个动力轮在前面,单独的非动力轮在后面。

骑行该车时,双脚蹬在后轮上,双手握住握把,身体则由车身以悬挂的方式来支撑,这样可让骑行者在俯卧行驶的过程中不会感到累。

该车是环保的电动车,比普通电动车方便快捷,充电15分钟就可以行驶1小时,最高..时速可达120千米。

它的加速功能也很好,从0加速到每小时100千米只需要3秒钟。

除了由人体控制车身运动方向外,可穿戴摩托车还有2个线性驱动器。

杰克·罗尼亚克非常喜欢自己的设计,他有时会骑着自己的爱车到大街上去兜风,陶醉于别人的异样目光中。

他说:“现在,让我们来想象一下,如果满大街都是这种摩托车在行驶,或许我们会认为自己到了科幻世界中。

”1.阅读全文,说说杰克·罗尼亚克设计的可穿戴摩托车有什么特征? (3分)2.文中划线句子中的“最高”一词能否删去,为什么? (3分)3.“把摩托车穿在身上”,多么奇妙啊。

其实许多方便有趣的发明,都是由大胆的想象、努力的实践得到的。

请简要写出你脑中曾经萌发的使生活更便捷的一种奇妙发明构想。

(3分)3.白开水?白开水!①随着生活水平的提高,各种各样的饮料走进了人们的生活。

喝矿泉水、纯净水已是普遍现象,喝雪碧、可乐成了一种时尚,各种名目繁多的功能饮料更是赢得了青少年的青睐,而饮用白开水的人却越来越少。

其实,从科学角度来看,任何其他的饮料都无法取代白开水。

②众所周知,水是维持人体正常生理活动所必需的物质,只有保证机体有足够的水分,体内产生的废物才能及时地通过肾脏排出体外。

从医学角度上讲,任何饮料都不如白开水对生理健康有价值。

白开水最容易解渴,有调节体温、输送养分及清洁身体内部的功能。

而且,白开水具有较强的生物活性,对于促进细胞新陈代谢、能量转换、血液循环和维持电解质平衡,都大有益处。

白开水不含卡路里,在进入人体后,很容易透过细胞膜,增加血液中血红蛋白含量,增强人体自身免疫功能,提高机体抗病能力。

因此,白开水实在是人体最需要的天然“饮料”。

③白开水是由自来水煮沸而来的,其主要成分是水,其中还包含多种矿物质和一些人体需要量极少的微量元素,如钠、钾、钙、镁、锌、铁、铜、铅、氟、碘和硒等。

矿物质和微量元素是人体必需的营养素,不能缺乏,但也不能过多。

自来水所含的矿物质为矿泉水的1/10,又是纯净水的10倍。

矿泉水的矿化度一般为200~300毫克/升,自来水为20~30毫克/升,而纯净水只有2~3毫克/升。

有关研究表明,自来水中的矿物质和微量元素的含量对人体来说是最适宜的。

④其他的饮料所含糖分和热量一般都偏高,食欲旺盛且过量饮用的人,往往会因糖分和热量摄入过多引起肥胖,食欲不振的人则由于饮料影响正餐,可能导致热量摄入不足而渐趋瘦弱。

饮料中的果糖会阻止人体对铜的吸收,引起贫血等病症。

饮料中的人工色素、防腐剂在体内蓄积,会干扰多种酶的功能,引起消化不良。

再者,饮料中的大量电解质不容易很快从胃肠排空,而是较长时间存在于胃肠内,影响消化吸收,降低食欲,同时还加重了肾脏的负担。

另外,通过蒸馏和逆渗透技术加以净化后的纯净水会失去如镁、锌、铁、硒、碘等对人体有益的矿物质,长期饮用纯净水,人体便会缺少某些必要的元素而造成营养失衡,这对处于生长期的青少年来说尤为不利。

⑤那么,如何科学地饮用白开水呢?首先要注意喝水时间。

饭前饭后半小时和餐中都不宜大量饮水,以免冲淡唾液、胃液,导致消化不良;最好在两顿饭中间适量饮用。

其次要掌握喝水的量。

成人每天需500~3000毫升,要一次性将一整杯水喝完,这样有利于身体真正吸收;最好每隔1~2小时喝一杯,不要等到有口渴感觉时才饮水。

再者要喝新鲜开水。

饮用水储存时间不宜过长,否则其中的亚硝酸盐含量就会上升,可转换为有致癌作用的亚硝胺。

将水加热到100℃并持续沸腾3分钟,等降温到30℃以下后最适合安全饮用。

而生水、不开的水、重新煮开的水、千滚水(反复煮沸的水)、蒸锅水(蒸馒头等的剩锅水)和老化水(长时间贮存不动的水)等,是绝对不可饮用的。

1.下面对本文的内容概括最全面的一项是( )A. 青少年青睐功能饮料而不喜欢喝白开水。

B. 白开水是人类最需要的天然“饮料”。

C. 白开水不含糖分和热量,又不缺少矿物质。

D. 白开水对人体的好处及其科学的饮用方法。

2. 下面对文本内容的理解不正确的一项是( )A. 白开水最容易解渴,有调节体温、输送养分及清洁身体内部的功能。

B. 它具有较强的生物活性,对于促进细胞新陈代谢、能量转换、血液循环和维持电解质平衡,都大有益处。

C. 白开水可以增加血液中血红蛋白含量,增强人体的免疫功能,提供机体的抗病能力。

D. 白开水中的矿物质和微量元素的含量最高,对人体是最适宜的。

3.下面做法符合文章所提倡的健康饮水方式的一项是( )A. 妈妈每天饭前总要喝大量的白开水来控制食欲,便于减肥。

B. 小华为了补充维生素C ,只要口渴就喝“鲜橙多”。

C. 奶奶常常在下午3点左右喝一大杯白开水。

D. 爸爸扛回一箱纯净水说:“烧开水太麻烦,以后每天就喝纯净水吧。

”4.贝聿铭和他的建筑作品①贝聿铭笑眯眯的,可是你千万别以为他是一个老好人。

这位看上去十分谦和的老先生,骨子里却尽是锋芒。

他最擅长以惊世骇俗之作来回击批评家的诘难,从未打过败仗。

②10多年前,他把一个玻璃金字塔搬到了高傲的法国人的“圣地”——巴黎卢浮宫。

如今,卢浮宫的玻璃金字塔当之无愧地成为20世纪人类最伟大的建筑作品。

③在这位大师不平凡的人生旅程里,类似的事例.....不胜枚举。

相关文档
最新文档