全国自考《现代语言学》历年真题及详解【圣才出品】

2015年10月全国自考《现代语言学》真题及详解

课程代码：00830

选择题部分

I.Directions:Read each of the following statements carefully.Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(2%×10=20%)

1.A study of the features of the English language used in Charles Dickens’time can be regarded as a _____study.

A.diachronic

B.prescriptive

C.synchronic

D.historical

【答案】C

【解析】研究某一时期的语言特征属于共时研究，故选C项。

2.Of the following consonants,_____is dental.

A.[t]

B.[p]

C.[ʃ]

D.[θ]

【答案】D

【解析】[θ]是舌齿音，故D项正确。[t]是齿龈音（alveolar），[p]爆破音（plosive），[ʃ]是腭音（palatal）。

3.The inflectional morpheme in the word“deforestated”is_____.

A.de-

B.forest

C.-ate

D.-ed

【答案】D

【解析】曲折词素指的是不改变单词意思而改变单词词性的词素，-ed将单词由动词变为形容词，属于曲折词素，故D项正确。de-和-ate是派生词素，forest是词根。

4.The syntactic rules of any language are_____in number,and yet there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.

A.finite

B.non-finite

C.infinite

D.definite

【答案】A

【解析】任何语言的句法规则都是有限的，但是人们能够制造并理解无数句子，这是由语言的递归性和二重性决定的，故A项正确。

5.In English,words such as“knight”and“night”,“rain”and“rein”are typical examples of______.

A.homographs

B.hyponyms

C.homophones

D.antonyms

【解析】knight和night以及rain和rein是同音异形词，故选C项。homograph同形异义词。hyponym 下义词。antonym反义词。

6.The following interpretations of the sentence“I am still young”are all typical instances of its pragmatic analysis EXCEPT“_____”.

A.I am supposed to do more work

B.‘I’is a subject while‘am still young’is its predicate

C.I have potentials to realize my dream

D.Please forgive my innocence

【答案】B

【解析】A、C、D三项都是对I am still young的语用分析，不同的情境下有不同的理解。而B项是对句子的语义理解，流于表面，脱离了语境，不属于语用分析，故选B项。

7.The word“edit”is created by means of_____.

A.clipping

B.blending

C.acronymy

D.back-formation

【答案】D

【解析】edit一词是由editor去掉后缀而来，属于逆生法，故D项正确。clipping剪切法。blending拼缀法。acronymy缩略法。

8.A linguistic_____refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the“polite”society from general use.

B.euphemism

C.taboo

D.jargon

【答案】C

【解析】语言禁忌指为礼貌社会所禁止的词语或表达，故选C项。slang俚语。euphemism委婉语。jargon 行话。

9.The neurobiologist Eric Lenneberg is a major proponent of the idea that_____.

A.there is a distinction between acquisition and learning

B.there is an interrelationship between language and thinking

C.there is a critical period for language acquisition

nguage influences thinking

【答案】C

【解析】埃里克·列宁伯格提出了语言习得关键期的理论，故选C项。习得和学习的区别由克拉申提出的，语言和思维的关系以及语言影响思维是由萨丕尔和沃尔夫提出的。

10.In general,children have virtually acquired the basic fabric of their native language at the age of

_____.

A.two

B.three

C.four

D.five

【答案】D

【解析】总体而言，儿童实际上在五六岁时就掌握了母语的基本结构。故选D项。