2016年中考英语写作试题分析

2016年中考英语写作试题分析

一、成绩分布状况、效度与难度分析

2016年固原市中考英语写作最高分15分，最低分0分，平均分7.17，标准差3.97 难度系数0.48。全体评分曲线图如下所示：

从图中可以看出，考生成绩呈常态分布，6至12分段考生所占比例较大，但同时也反映出写作能力较差的学生占据很大比重，0至5分占比例较大，其中零分作文占8.64%，因此，我市初中学生英语写作能力有待进一步提高。

从命题角度看，要求考生写一篇人物说明文，考察学生语言实用能力。内容要点包括身份，事件，家庭情况，性格，爱好，他人评价，事件理由等。内容兼具规范性与开放性双重特点，考生可根据每个要点展开想象，适当拓展，字数要求60至120，考生在写作篇幅上有较大的伸展空间，得分梯度明显。从命题意向到考生得分来看，作文命题目的与实际考察结果相符，试题效度较高。

二、考生典型问题分析

（一）识记类问题

识记类问题集中反映在考生对基础词汇的拼写不够准确，含义模糊，表现为词不达意，模棱两可，词性混乱；考生对固定搭配，固定句式记忆不够准确，导致整个文章表意混乱，影响读者对文章的理解。具体表现为：

1.拼写错误

如将spirit拼写为sprite,将always 拼写为alway,将America拼写为Amercia,将China拼写为Chine,将Chinese拼写为Chinses, 将vacation拼写为vication,将beautiful拼写为beautfull,将mother拼写为monther,将because拼写为because,将USA拼写为UK等。

2.用词不当

如①I am very like him.②He is very miss me.③He is very shyness.④Sometimes, his help my questions.⑤He knows thanksgiving others.⑥Teacher speak Bill very carefully.⑦He popular my live.⑨He’s from American.

3.固定搭配错误

固定搭配中的介词与冠词应用较为灵活，并无规律可循，因此考生在应用过程中出现错误的几率较高，如①He spend many free time to play computer games.②the reason of he comes to my hometown is that he thinks Ningxia is very beautiful.③He will go trip in Ningxia.④He will come Ningxia.⑤He is going to Ningxia on trip at holiday.⑥He is good at learn math.⑦You can make friend with he easily.⑧In the word, Bill is a good boy.

4.固定句式错误

英语中有大量的固定句式结构，能恰当应用固定句式结构是衡量学生写作能力的主要依据，但误用或错用往往会导致相反的结果。如很多考生出现①There have three people in his family.②He spends his spare time to play computer games.③He always helps classmates as for as he can.

（二）结构类错误

英语是一门形式逻辑很强的语言，这也是英语与汉语的最大区别。如名词的单复数、可数与不可数、抽象与具体转化；动词的时态、语态、语气变化，动词的及物与不及物，及物动词的宾补结构；形容词的原级、比较级、最高级；简单句、复合句、并列句都有其自身的使用范围以及连词、关系代词的选用、时态的呼应等等。如果考生语法知识不够牢固，就会出现大量的语言结构性问题。同时，从语篇的角度来讲，整体文章结构需要有适当的衔接与过渡，缺少衔接与过渡，就会使文章层次混乱，重复累赘。具体问题表现如下：

1.动词的及物与不及物

如①He like listening music.②He wants to look Ningxia’s par k. ③He often helps with classmates.

2.及物动词宾补结构错误

如①He tell me give some suggestions about Ningxia. ②He wants to travel and help himself relaxing.

3.时态问题

如①He is once go to Ningxia.②He had joined school soccer team.③He will climbs the mountain Tai and visits the Great Wall.

④He also said he want to Guyanling with me.

4.语态问题

如①He is visited his grandmother. ②He is wondered how China likes.

5.语气错误

如I wish he has a good time.

6.谓语重叠

如①He likes play basketball.②He is going to summer holiday come to Ningxia.③He want arrive Ningxia.④I am get along well with him.⑤He’s like play basketball.

7.谓语结构残缺或错误

如①He is study very good.②That his wish.③He very friendly and outgoing.④Football is Bill like best on sports.⑤He can many money.

8.无主句

如①Is very cute, student think②He thinks that can find something interesting.③There are a good place, can make people relax④.After class don’t fight with her friends.

9.主谓不一致

如①Bill have a good family.②He don’t know this people.③His teachers and classmates says that he is a funny boy.④He always share his book with me.

10.名词的单复数形式错误、人称代词格的混乱、介词错误、冠词错误

名词单复数形式错误如：①He is a middle school students.②Many teacher think that he is polite and smart.③There is a good weather here.

介词错误如：①They always play football in playground.②They live countryside.③I want to introduce him for you.④I believe he will love in here.

冠词错误如：①He lives in the USA.②He is a excellent boy.③His father is teacher.④The summer, he want to go to the Ningxia.

（三）功能类问题

功能类问题是从语用学的角度来说的，考生虽然能表达基本意思，但不能准确表述题目要点，往往与功能类问题有关。具体问题表现如下：

1.词性错误

如①Do you want to see he?②He has a normal family likes many people.③There are three people in his family, he father, he mother and he.④His study is very well.

2.串句错误

如①The air is fresh, the sky is blue, the grass is green. ②When we talk on the phone are very happy.③He has a good hobby is clean his family’s living room.④He heard of Ningxia is very beautiful.