(完整版)翻译笔记

第一次课

好英文：主次分明，逻辑严密，主三次八（主则主句主谓主系表，次则从句名形介副非谓三各种短语）

好中文：音调和谐，结构匀称，具体表现凡十：双声（声母相同eg 坎坷，迷茫），叠韵（韵母相同eg 彷徨，徜徉），叠音，双音节，四字格，对仗，平仄，量词准（找准比喻角度，活用动量词eg.一本芭蕉），动词活（eg.眉毛一扬，头发一甩general／specific words）

活用动词四法：具体，高频，靠近，连用

好译文：faithful and smooth 忠通脱读是文章对读没走样（content &style）翻译：技巧，语言比较，相关表达

怎么学：reading－observing－imitating－producing（speaking & writing & translating）

条件：三语让之间之外

技巧全攻略：增减逆顺转类换正反拆合引申难

增减－eg.汉译英代词增加

逆顺－英文先主后客，中文先客后主

拆合－英译汉多拆；汉译英多合

引申－深宽抽象事物具体化

1.风在吼，马在叫，黄河在咆哮，河东河西高粱熟，万山丛中游击健儿逞英豪。

Wind howling，horses neighing，the Yellow River roaring. Sorghum ripe on both banks, the guerilla soldiers are fighting bravely in mountains beyond mountains.

2.广出猎，见草中石以为虎而射之，中石，没全族，视之，石也，因复更射之，终不能入矣。（三个左右的动词合一次，取一个最重要的做谓语）Once out on a hunting trip, General Li Guang mistook a rock in the grass for a tiger and shoot an arrow at it. He hit it with such force that the tip of the arrow get inside the rock. Later he discovered it to be only a rock. Thus, he wanted to try shooting again but was unable to pierce it.

3.松下问童子，言师采药去。只在此山中，云深不知处。

When asked under a pine tree, your boy replied my master is gone for herbs

in these mountains, but I don’t know where for the thick clouds.

4.The prisoners of war are allowed to write censored letters.

战俘可以写信，但需经过审查。

5.I wouldn’t have eaten it only I’m too ladylike to take it out of my mouth.

我本不想吃，但是吐出来也太不淑女了。

6.My bringing had been more of a wild boy than that of a young lady.

我接受的教养，与其说是淑女的教养，倒不如说是野小子。

7.枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马，夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。黄昏时归巢的乌鸦盘旋在缠绕着枯藤的老树上。

At dark, returning crows hovering over on the trees wrapped with decayed lines. A farmer house beside a brook is under a small bridge. A heart broken man on mean horse along the ancient path with travelling far far away from home in the west wind against the setting sun.

第二次课

英语5种基本句型：主谓主系表主谓宾主谓间宾直宾主谓宾＋宾补

英语7种常用短语：名形介副非谓三

eg：

I found a man lying in front of my door.

I found him hurt by the careless words that I made.

I find them to have left 3days ago.

2*7

They were found to have left 3 days ago.

…

3*7 with+n+7 结构

1)n. With your father president of the university how can I offend you.

2)adj. With his parents old and children still young, Mr.Zhang is having a hard life.

3)prep. With his parents in old age and children in youth…

4)adv. With his parents out…

5)-ing With you leading our way, we have nothing to fear.

6)-ed With his leg broken he was unable to come for the football game.

7)to do With his father to have died many years ago . he has a miserable life.

独立主格结构

汉语7个基本结构：

1）并列：高大威猛你来我往吃饭睡觉

2）主谓：你来我往

3）动宾：吃饭睡觉

4）偏正：（adj+n,红星绿草；adv+v快跑）

5）动补：（补动词，英语中补宾语）快跑（状语），跑快（补语）

6）连动：v+v+v过来吃饭

7）兼语：前面的补后面的主叫他闹随它去

增减法：冠代介连，三态一气，成语翻译，复数处理

1）汉语无冠词概念独立的标志，英译汉省冠词，汉译英加冠词

eg：猫眼比人眼能吸收更多光线

A cat’s eye can saw more rays than a man’s, so it can see clearly even in the dark.

马是有用的动物

The horse is a useful animal.

中国人是勤劳的民族

Chines people are an industrial nation.

他把手揣在口袋里

He put his hand in the pocket.

2）代词替代：My son by my former wife

词汇替代：同义／反义／上义general words／下义词替代specific words 动作替代：They went there, so did I.

句子替代：You help me and I you／You help me and viceversa（反之亦然）3）介of ／in／at／to／for

怎么用：比较－over表原因（纠纷／感情）

eg：Two boys are fighting for a girl.

Don’t shout at me across the street.