(完整版)翻译笔记
最全面的英语翻译笔记
第一部分：数词的译法一、数字增减的译法：1.句式特征：by＋名词＋比较级＋thanThe wire is by three inches longer than that one.这根导线比那根长3英寸。
2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋to+n.译为：增加到。
或减少到。
Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50.金属切割机已经减少到50台。
二、百分数增减的表示法与译法1.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋％The output value has increased 35%.产值增加了35％2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋by＋％Retail salses should rise by 8%商品零售额应增加3％The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本减少60％3.句式特征：表示减少意义的动词＋to+%表示减少后剩余的数量By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.采用这种新工艺，铁的损失量减少到20％4.句式特征：％＋比较级＋than表示净增减的数量Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year.今年零售额与去年相比，有望增加9％。
5.句式特征：％＋比较级＋名词表示净减数The new-type machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied. 新型机械能耗量净减10％6.句式特征：a + % + increase表示净增数There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.与去年相比，今年钢产量净增20％7.句式特征：％+ (of) 名词（代词）表示净减数，数字n照译The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year.今年产值仅为去年的60％8.句式特征：%＋up on 或over表示净增数The grain output of last year in this province was 20% percent up on that of 1978.去年粮食产量比1978年净增20％。
翻译笔记
【翻译笔记】《围城》英译选句—“大材小用原文：赵辛媚鉴赏着口里吐出来的烟圈道：―大材小用，可惜可惜！方先生在外国学的是什么呀？‖（钱钟书- 围城）翻译关键词：赞赏，烟（圈），大材小用译文：Admiring the smoke ring he had blown, Chao Hsin-mei said, ―A greattalent gone to waste. Such a pity! Such a pity! What did you study abroad, Mr. Fang?‖(美Jeanne Kelly, Nathan K.Mao <译> –Fortress Besieged)翻译笔记：赞赏虽然我们更常用admire来表示―钦佩；赞赏；仰慕‖，但这里的admire相当于―欣赏‖，即appreciate，其实这个用法也不见得新鲜，之所以拿出来讲，其实是想着重说说admire的用法。
话说偶常常发现有些童鞋很喜欢用admire接that引导从句，其实这样是错误的，admire后面接名词，但是不接that引导从句。
比如我们可以说I admireyour enthusiasm，却不可以说I admire that you are enthusiastic。
烟（圈）―烟圈‖译为smoke ring，smoke单独用时通常统指―烟‖，不指―一缕烟‖。
―一缕烟‖应该说成a cloud of smoke，不能说a smoke，因为a smoke指―一次吸烟‖或―用来驱虫的一次熏烟‖。
如：Clouds of thick black smoke billowed from the car's exhaust.从汽车排气管冒出一股股黑色浓烟。
Are you coming outside for a smoke?你是不是出来抽支烟？They are making a smoke to drive away mosquitos.他们正在用烟把蚊子熏走。
中翻英课堂笔记
趁热打铁: to strike while the iron is hot.浑水摸鱼: to fish in the troubled water如坐针毡: to sit on pins and needles静水流深: still waters run deep奋力图存: to keep one's head above water不知所措/茫然: all at sea我全然不懂公司这些新的规章制度.I am totally/all at sea about the company's new rules & regulations. 在开一家商行之前, 先要了解当地的情况.You should see how the wind blows in the local area before you start a business.或 It is necessary/wise to see how the wind blows in the local area before you start a business.hang-hanged- hanged 上吊hang-hung-hung 悬挂在选择接受哪份工作之间他摇摆不定,错过了良机.He lost/ missed good opportunity because/ as he was hung in the wind about which offer to take.nail one's colors (旗帜) to the mast(围杆) : 坚决这家公司的老总在谈判中寸步不让, 导致了谈判破裂.The general manager nailed his colors to the mast in the negotiation and result in the failure of the negotiation.你一定会顺利渡过这些暂时的困境的.You will overcome /come through such temporary difficulty .with flying colors 获得大胜sail under false colors 伪装show one's true colors 原形毕露表面上他装得很绅士,可是一遇到紧急情况,他的真面目就暴露无遗了.He sailed under false colors as a gentleman. But in case of emergency, his true colors was shown./he will show his true colors.a group of peoplea school of fishbig fish 大人物shy fish 羞怯的人like a fish out of water 浑身不自在她不得不和一群陌生得客户一起共进晚餐, 这让她觉得浑身不自在.She had to dine with a group of strange clients, which make her feel like a fish out of water.drink like a fish 牛饮,豪饮a big fish in a little pond在当地,这家公司生意做得最大. 可是与全国同行业得其他公司比起来, 那只能是小巫见大巫.In the local area, the company has a wide business relationships.But compared with other companies in the same industry/field nationwide, it was only a big fish in a little pond.the great fish eat up the small这家公司设备陈旧,技术落后,在市场竞争中很快就被兼并了.The company was eaten up by great fish in the fierce market competition because it was lag behind both in equipment and technology.或With the outdated equipment and technology, the company was eaten by great fish in the competition.雨后春笋: bamboo shoots/like mushrooms after the rain掩耳盗铃: to bury one's head in the sand一箭双雕: to kill two birds with one stone健壮如牛: as strong as a horse一贫如洗: as pour as a church mouselucky dog :幸运儿love me, love my dog: 爱屋及乌狗仗人势: be a bully with the backing of a powerful person.狼心狗肺: ungrateful and heartless瓜熟蒂落: everything comes right when the right time comes瑞雪兆丰年: A timely snow promises a good harvestteach fish to swim: 班门弄斧black sheep: 害群之马,败家子The company lost a big order due to his carelessness. Most of the staffempolyees/colleages thought him as a black sheep, soon he took the blame and resigned.他的大意使得公司失去了一笔大订单. 大多数员工都把他当成是害群之马,不久他就引咎辞职了.come rain or shine: 不见不散不管什么情况下, 他都是一个可以值得信赖得朋友.Rain or shine, he is always a reliable/trustworthly friend.It never rains but pours. 不鸣则已,一鸣惊人for a rainy day 未雨绸缪in a fogHis mind was in a fog for a whole day.整整一天, 他的头脑都昏昏沉沉的.have the foggiest idea of他表达能力太差, 雇员们听了半天还是完全不知所云.He could not express himself clearly, and all the employees have the foggiest idea about what he talks about.空中楼阁: castles in the air自食其果: eat the fruit of one's own doing火上浇油: to pour oil on the flame轻如鸿毛: as light as a featherbird of a feather flock together :物以类聚胸有成竹: to have a well-thought-out plan before doing sth.剖腹藏珠: penny wise and pound foolish一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井绳: Once bitten, twice shy.无风不起浪: where there's smoke, there is fire.有志者事竟成: where there's a will, there is a way.新官上任三把火: A new broom (扫把) sweeps clean开门见山: to come straight to the point单枪匹马: to be single-handed in doing sth扬眉吐气: to feel proud and elated风雨飘摇: (of a situation ) being unstable初生牛犊不怕虎: The more wit, the less courage.叶公好龙: professed love of what one really fears.三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮: Two heads are better than one.赛翁失马,焉知非福: A loss may turn out to be a gain.初出茅庐: at the beginning of one's career.并驾齐驱: neck and neck不可一世: as proud as a peacock本末倒置: put the cart before the horse隔墙有耳: walls have ears入乡随俗: do in Rome as the Romans do画蛇添足: to paint the lilyRed-letter day(纪念日，喜庆的日子)如圣诞节等，因为这些日子在日历上是用红色标志出来的Roll out the red carpet for sb: 表示盛情欢迎某人Red for danger: 与流血，危险与暴力联系在一起红糖： blown sugar红茶： black tea红榜： honor roll红豆： love pea红运：good luck红利： dividend红颜： a beautiful girlRed ruin: 火灾Red battle: 血战Red sky: 彩霞Red tape: 繁文缛节Green: 表示嫉妒，眼红Green with envy/green as jealousy/green-eyed(红眼病)艾丽斯的女友看到他的新装, 心生嫉妒.Alice＇s girl friend was green with envy when they saw her new dress. Green：在英文中表示钱财，钞票，有经济实力；还表示没经验，缺乏训练，知识浅薄You cannot expect Mary to do business with such people.戴绿帽子： to be a cuckoldGreen：病态，脸色发青He was green after his boat ship. 他乘船回来，脸色发青。
(完整版)新概念英语第一册课文翻译及学习笔记Lesson135
新概念英语第一册课文翻译及学习笔记Lesson135【课文】REPORTER： Are you really going to retire, Miss Marsh?MISS MARSH： I may. I can't make up my mind. I will have to ask my future husband. He won't let me make another film.REPORTER： Your future husband, Miss Marsh?MISS MARSH： Yes. Let me introduce him to you. His nameis Carlos. We are going to get married next week.KATE： Look, Liz! Here's another report about Karen Marsh. Listen： 'Karen Marsh： The latest. At her LondonHotel today Miss Marsh told reporters she might retire. She said she couldn't make up her mind. She said she would haveto ask her future husband. She said her future husband would not let her make another film. Then she introduced us toCarlos and told us they would get married next week.'LIZ： That's sensational news, isn't it, Kate?KATE： It certainly is. He'll be her sixth husband!【课文翻译】记者：马什小姐，您真的准备退休吗，?马什小姐：有可能退。
口译笔记范例原文及译文
口译笔记范例原文及译文
一、原文。
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. It is my great pleasure to be here today to talk about the future of sustainable development. As we all know, in recent years, the global environment has faced numerous challenges. Climate change, for example, has led to rising sea levels, more extreme weather events, and threats to biodiversity.
Gm, l&g. //pleasure// here //talk //sust dev.
//global env// challgs.
e.g. climate chg -> sea↑, extreme weather, bio threat.
二、译文。
女士们、先生们，早上好。
今天我非常高兴来到这里谈论可持续发展的未来。
众所周知，近年来，全球环境面临众多挑战。
例如，气候变化导致海平面上升、更多极端天气事件以及对生物多样性的威胁。
你可以根据实际需求进一步补充更多不同类型、不同难度的原文及相应的口译笔记和译文示例来丰富这份学习资料。
汉译英笔记
1.例子：现在必须采取措施来保护环境（表目的）分析：找主语－>无主语，也就是无主句。
无主语：对应英文三种句型：形式主语、there be 句型、被动句型。
形式主语:It is necessary ['nesəs(ə)rɪ] /essential [ɪ'senʃ(ə)l] / imperative /ɪm'perətɪv/to take/ adopt measures to protect the environment.（不定式表目的）essential, imperative。
能用高级词汇就用高级词汇。
adopt: 有两个意思，采取采纳；收养；there be 句型There is necessity [nə'sɛsəti] to adopt measures to protect the environment.被动句型(找被动句型的主语－：措施)Measures should be adopted (taken) to protect the environment.特殊句型：是到做某事的时候了It is time to do sth.... 是到做某事的时候了It is high time to adopt measures to protect the environment.（更加地道）。
使用从句，从句使用虚拟语气，动词用一般过去时It is high time that measures were adopted to protect the environment确定句型、结构1)确定基准时态，能够避免犯大的语法错误比如：记叙文――一般过去时，以及他的变化议论文、说明文――一般现在时。
对照原文，首先检查译文是否正确的转述了原文的内容，是否有错译和漏译；其次，检查是否有语言上的明显错误，如：时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等，发现错误，及时改正。
初中文言文原文、翻译、精要笔记
人教版文言文原文、注释、译文及精要笔记《童趣》【原文】余忆童稚时，能张目对日，明察秋毫，见藐小之物必细察其纹理，故时有物外之趣。
夏蚊成雷，私拟作群鹤舞于空中，心之所向，则或千或百，果然鹤也；昂首观之，项为之强。
又留蚊于素帐中，徐喷以烟，使之冲烟而飞鸣，作青云白鹤观，果如鹤唳云端，为之怡然称快。
余常于土墙凹凸处，花台小草丛杂处，蹲其身，使与台齐；定神细视，以丛草为林，以虫蚁为兽，以土砾凸者为丘，凹者为壑，神游其中，怡然自得。
一日，见二虫斗草间，观之，兴正浓，忽有庞然大物，拔山倒树而来，盖一癞虾蟆，舌一吐而二虫尽为所吞。
余年幼，方出神，不觉呀然一惊。
神定，捉虾蟆，鞭数十，驱之别院。
【注释】1、物外，这里指超出事物本身。
2、强，通“僵”，僵硬。
3、素帐，未染色的帐子。
4、徐，慢慢的。
5、怡然自得，形容安适愉快而满足的样子。
【译文】我回想自己在年幼的时候，能睁大眼睛直视太阳，视力好极了，每遇见细小的东西，一定要仔细观察它的纹理，所以常常能感受到超脱事物本身的乐趣。
夏夜里，蚊群发出雷鸣似的叫声，我心里把它们比作群鹤在空中飞舞，这么一想，眼前果真就出现了千百只白鹤；抬头看着它们，连脖子也变得僵硬了。
我又留几只蚊子在白色帐子里，慢慢地用烟喷它们，使它们冲着烟边飞边叫，构成一幅青云白鹤图，果真像鹤群在青云边上发出叫声一样，这使我感到高兴极了。
我常在土墙高低不平的地方，在花台上杂草丛生的地方，蹲下身子，使身子跟台子一般高，把丛草当成树林，把虫子、蚊子当成野兽，把土块凸出部分当成丘陵，低陷部分当成山沟，我便凭着假想在这个境界中游览，愉快而又满足。
有一天，我看见两只小虫在草间相斗，(便蹲下来)观察，兴味正浓厚，忽然有个极大极大的兽拔山倒树而来，原来是一只癞虾蟆，舌头一吐，两只小虫全被它吃掉。
我那时年纪很小，正看得出神，不禁哇的一声惊叫起来。
待到神智恢复，捉住癞虾蟆，抽了它几十鞭子，把它赶到别的院子去。
【精要笔记】1、作者沈复，生于清乾隆三十年(1765年)，卒年不详。
(完整版)笔译重点词语和句子总结
第二章：懦夫：yellow-belly凶悍的女人：dragon lady打草惊蛇：to beat about the bush亡羊补牢：To lock the stable door after thehorse has been stolen骨鲠在喉：To have a bone in one’s throat同舟共济：To be in the same boat怒发冲冠：To make one’s hair stand on end 翻天覆地：To move heaven and earth蜀犬吠日：To bark at the moon洗手不干：To wash one’s hands of食言：To eat one’s words拖后腿：To pull somebody’s leg缘木求鱼：To seek a hare in a hen’s nest挂羊头卖狗肉：Cry up wine and sell vinegar 一箭双雕：at a stone’s throw守口如瓶：Dumb as an oyster满腹文章：Have a mind crammed withknowledge胆小如鼠：As timid as a hare一丘之貉：Birds of a feather瓮中之鳖：Like a rat in a hole翻译工作坊：白色污染plastic pollution金融危机financial crisis打假to crack down on fake goods唐装tang suit性骚扰sexual harassment手机短信SMS message/text message换汤不换药old wine in new bottles守株待兔to wait for gains without pains 中国特色Chinese characteristics乡镇企业township/ rural enterprise 小康社会a well-off society国库券treasury bonds炒鱿鱼to lay off/fire/sack sb人才市场job market千年虫Y2K/millennium bug一国两制One country, two systems 下海to go into business第三产业the tertiary industry回扣kickbacks跳槽job-hopping小金库private coffer小资petty bourgeois高铁high speed trains盗版piracy商品房commercial housing形象工程vanity project知识经济knowledge-based economy 按揭home loan激情犯罪a crime of passion经济软着陆economic soft landing她有沉鱼落雁之容，闭月羞花之貌。
英语四六级考试译文笔记第1篇[学习]
![英语四六级考试译文笔记第1篇[学习]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/7aedb838b5daa58da0116c175f0e7cd1842518b7.png)
英语作文写作及翻译老师笔记（四六级考试）1.为了保证每个学生的受教育权利，当地学校要满足有诵读困难的孩子的特殊教育需求。
receive education（2.受教育）, local With a view to guaranteeing（1.为了保证）every student’s rights toschools need to meet the special educational needs（3.满足特殊教育需求）of the dyslexic（4.诵读困难的）children.1-with a view to (doing) something是一个固定表达，含义是“目的是，为了”with the aim of doing something 目的是，为了These measures have been taken with a view to increasing the company's profits.采取这些措施的目的是为了增加公司的利润。
外刊例句：Chelsea’s mission in the summer will be to strengthen further, adding morehigh-calibre players to an already capable squad, with a view to using this season’s success as a springboard to rejoining the European elite. (TheGuardian)可供替换的表达还有：in order to do something / with the aim of doing something注意：with a view to guaranteeing 不可以替换成with a view to protecting，因为protect的含义是to make sure that somebody/something is not harmed, injured, damaged, etc.本句是保证需求，因此protect不可与guarantee替换2-receive education是一个固定搭配，含义是“接受教育”，也可以写成get / have educationeducation[?ed.j?'ke?.??n]noun[S or U]ESSENTIAL■the process of teaching or learning in a school or college, or theknowledge that you get from this 教育；受教育获得的知识As a child he received most of his education at home.童年时他主要在家中接受教育。
经典英文翻译笔记
经典英文翻译笔记Things investigated, genuine knowledge acquired; genuine knowledge acquired ,thoughts purified; thoughts purified, hearts rectified; hearts rectified, personalities cultivated; personalities cultivated, families regulated; families regulated, the states well governed; the states well governed, the whole world will be in peace and tranquil.相见时难别亦难。
It is unbearable to meet as well as to depart.学不可以已。
青取之于蓝，而青于蓝；冰，水为之，而寒于冰。
君子博学而日参省乎己，则知明而行无过矣。
There is never an end to learning. The dye extracted from the indigo is bluer than the plant; so is the ice colder than the water. By broadly learning and constantly examining himself every day, the gentleman sharpens his awareness and makes fewer mistakes.学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。
Learning without thinking leads to confusion; thinking without learning ends in danger.学而不厌，诲人不倦。
(完整word版)当代翻译理论(根茨勒)——中文笔记
美国翻译培训派（The American Translation Workshop）注重文学作品的翻译，其指导思想是翻译是一门艺术，培训班可以加强学生对文学、语言和诠释的认识和理解，进而通过翻译经验的交流提高翻译技艺和水平.里查兹、庞德和威尔是该学派的主要代表.里查兹（I. A. Richards）曾在哈佛大学创办阅读培训班,为翻译培训班提供了丰富的实践经验。
翻译培训班的宗旨是要使学生充分理解文本，达成正确而统一的反映和体验,并用完美的口、笔译形式再现或阐述这一体验。
其理论前提显然是文学作品有一个终极的、统一的意义。
只要通过适当的训练,掌握正确的方法，人们就能准确地理解原文。
翻译培训班的任务就是制定若干条款和程序,排除一切妨碍正确理解的障碍。
庞德（Ezra Pound）认为文学作品刻意塑造的是形象，而非内容或意义。
在翻译中译者应注重的不是所描写的事物,而是描述的过程和语言的形式与能量（energy）。
译者如同艺术家、雕刻家和书法家，应精确地再现细节、词语、片段和整个意象.作品真正的灵魂常常蕴藏于“一瞥或一瞬之间”。
威尔（Frederic Will）认为文学作品是表现自我、统一而连贯的形式，能赋予我们洞悉事物本质的能力。
语际交际和翻译之所以可能，是因为人类的体验和情感有一个共核。
在翻译中他强调直觉的作用，认为在诗歌翻译中，有天赋的翻译家即使不精通原作的语言也同样可以再现原作的精髓与本质.他认为，所谓精髓和本质就是作品的能量和冲量(thrust），译文不仅是原作的补充和延伸,而且使原作获得新的生命,勃发出新的生机。
美国翻译培训派对人类主观无意识的研究、强调文学翻译中的“创造性转换（creative transposition）”、注重文学作品的文学价值以及在译文忠实的标准问题上提出的新颖观点等，都对其后的翻译学派产生了巨大影响。
翻译科学派(The Science of Translation）亦称翻译语言学派，包括布拉格学派、伦敦学派、美国结构学派、交际理论派和俄国语言学派。
(完整版)新概念英语第二册笔记_第77课
Lesson 77 A successful operation一例成功的手术【Text】The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation. The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes. As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. The only way to do this was to operate. The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin. The doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory. They also found something which the X-ray plates did not show: a small wax figure of the god Duamutef. This god which has the head of a cow was normally placed inside a mummy. The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died. They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened. The mummy successfully survived the operation.【课文翻译】死于公元前800年的一位埃及妇女的木乃伊刚刚接受了一次手术。
研英语翻译笔记
研英语翻译笔记【词类活译】形容词介词→动词名词副词A well-dressed man ,who looked and talked like an American,got into the car. 译文：一个衣着讲究的人钻进了轿车，他的外表和谈吐都像是个美国人；【代词归位】代词所指的对象一般在前文找到，但是有些状语从句前置时，造成迷惑，指代的内容不在状语从句中，而是在后文；Pollution is the price we pay for an overpopulated,over-industrialized planet.When w e come to think about it ,there are only four ways you can deal with rubbish :dump it ,burn it,turn it into something you can use again ,attempt to produce less of it译文：当我们开始考虑垃圾问题时，我们只有四种对付垃圾的方法：倾倒，焚烧，让其变成再生材料或努力减少垃圾；【语态转换】被动语态首先考虑译成主动语态，其次保留原文的被动形式，再次灵活处理；若存在动作的发出者，通常译成主动语态，对于不言自明的发出者可适当添加，也可译成无主句；By the end of the war ,about 1,000 children had been rescued by the organization 译文：截止到战争结束，这个组织拯救了大约1000名儿童；The child is to be told not to touch the piano 译文：我们应该告诉孩子不要碰钢琴；About that project ,much has said but little has been done 译文：关于那项工程，说的多，做的少；也可译成“被......”，“遭到......（不好的事）”，“受到......（好的事）”，“由......”，“为......所......”，“把......”等This kind of insects was visited【攻击】 by a large colony of ants which could obtain a sort of honey from them;译文：此类昆虫遭到了一群蚂蚁的攻击，这是因为后者从他们身上可以得到一种蜜；2014年考研备考大全哲学类经济学类管理学类教育学类文学类【It is ...句式翻译】It is alleged that 据说... It is rumored that 据传... It is argued that 有人主张...It is to be discussed that 需要讨论的是... There is no agreement ...人们对此看法不一 It is necessary that 有必要... It is true that 诚然... It is likely that 可能...It is a mystery that 让人不解的是... It is common knowledge that 常识是... It occurred to me that 我突然想起...【状语从句】状语从句一般前置到句首，有时前置到所修饰谓语动词的前面；但结果状语从句和伴随转语从句一般不前置翻译；He pushed open the door gently and crept out of the room for fear that he should aw ake the baby译文：为了不惊醒孩子，他轻轻推开门，蹑手蹑脚溜了进去；I was never allowed by my parents to do things ass I wanted to 译文：父母从不允许我按照自己想要的方式来做事；New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past ,giving rise to new standards of elegance译文：就像以往那样，在将来，新的思维方式和新的思维对象一定会出现，并带来新的完美标准；The sense is growing that the Americans need to turn things round fast ,militarily and politically ,if they are to ensue that events do not get out of control; 译文：人们越来越强烈地感觉到：如果美国人想确保情况不失去控制，他们就需要在军事和政治两方面，快速扭转形势；If experience are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the report s in the science journals indicate,then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents 译文：如果试验被计划并像科学杂志上的报告所表明的那样忠实地按照计划得以实施，那么管理方面期待着研究能够带来可以用金钱衡量的结果也是完全符合逻辑的；【定语从句】比较短的定语从句一般合译，即译成形容词“...的”；较长的定语从句常用分译法，即单独译成一个句子，此时要翻译连接词！多个定语从句嵌套时，常将第一个定语从句合译，后面的从句分译；对于“there be ”句型的定语从句常用融合法，即将从句作为主语的谓语；还有的非限制性定语从句有状语的含义，此时用状译法译成相应的状语从句； The people who work for him live in moral fear of him; 译文：在他手下工作的人对他惧怕得要死；The fine arts , such as painting and sculpture ,involve the production of works to be s een and experienced on an abstract level; 译文：像绘画和雕塑这样的美术，往往要求创作出能够从抽象的角度加以欣赏和感受的作品；There are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write 译文：在世界上有些地方，甚至现在人们也不会书写；He grabbed the letter from his rival that would prove him guilty in the smuggling case译文：他把信件从对方手里一把夺了过来，因为这封信可以证明他在走私案中的罪行；竹节式：A culture in which the citizens share similar religious beliefs and values is more likely to have laws that represent the wishes of its people than is a culture where citizens come from diverse backgrounds译文：有的文化中，公民们拥有着相似的宗教信仰和价值观；还有的文化中，公民们来自不同文化背景，前者比后者更有可能产生代表民意的法律；洋葱式：One of my friends got pregnant in her boyfriend’s hospital room while he was recovering from a terrible car accident which left him p artially paralyzed 译文：我有一个朋友，她的男朋友遭遇了一起严重的车祸，结果导致了半身不遂。
(完整版)新概念第三册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson43、44、45】
新概念第三册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson43、44、45】【课文】Insurance companies are normally willing to insure anything. Insuring public or private property is a standard practice in most countries in the world. If, however, you were holding an open air garden party or a fete it would be equally possible to insure yourself in the event of bad weather. Needless to say, the bigger the risk an insurance company takes, the higher the premium you will have to pay.It is not uncommon to hear that a ship ping company has made a claim for the cost of salvaging a sunken ship. But the claim made by a local authority to recover the cost of salvaging a sunken pie dish must surely be unique.Admittedly it was an unusual pie dish, for it was eighteen feet long and six feet wide. It had been purchased by a local authority so that an enormous pie could be baked for an annual fair. The pie committee decided that the best way to transport the dish would be by canal, so they insured it for the trip. Shortly after it was launched, the pie committee went to a local inn to celebrate. At the same time, a number of teenagers climbed on to the dish and held alittle party of their own. Dancing proved to be more than the dish could bear, for during the party it capsized and sank in seven feet of water.The pie committee telephoned a local garage owner who arrived in a recovery truck to salvage the pie dish.Shivering in their wet clothes, the teenagers looked on while three men dived repeatedly into the water to locate the dish. They had little difficulty in finding it, but hauling it outof the water proved to be a serious problem. The sides of the dish were so smooth that it was almost impossible to attach hawsers and chains to the rim without damaging it. Eventually chains were fixed to one end of the dish and a powerful winch was put into operation. The dish rose to the surface and was gently drawn towards the canal bank. For one agonizing moment, the dish was perched precariously on the bank of the canal,but it suddenly overbalanced and slid back into the water.The men were now obliged to try once more. This time theyfixed heavy metal clamps to both sides of the dish so thatthey could fasten the chains. The dish now had to be lifted vertically because one edge was resting against the side ofthe canal. The winch was again put into operation and one of the men started up the truck. Several minutes later, the dish was successfully hauled above the surface of the water. Water streamed in torrents over its sides with such force that itset up a huge wave in the canal. There was danger that the wave would rebound off the other side of the bank and sendthe dish plunging into the water again. By working at tremendous speed, the men managed to get the dish on to dry land before the wave returned.【课文翻译】保险公司一般说来愿意承保一切东西。
(完整版)新概念第三册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson46、47、48】
新概念第三册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson46、47、48】【课文】So great is our passion for doing things for ourselves, that we are becoming increasingIy less dependent onspecialized labour. No one can plead ignorance of a subject any longer, for there are countless do-it-yourself publications. Armed with the right tools and materials, newlyweds gaily embark on the task of decorating their own homes. Men, particularly, spend hours of their leisure time installing their own fireplaces, laying out their own gardens; building garages and making furniture. Some really keen enthusiasts go so far as to build their own computers. Shops cater for the do-it-yourself craze not only by runningspecial advisory services for novices, but by offering consumers bits and pieces which they can assemble at home. Such things provide an excellent outlet for pent up creative energy, but unfortunately not all of us are born handymen.Some wives tend to believe that their husbands are infinitely resourceful and can fix anything. Even men who can hardly drive a nail in straight are supposed to be born electricians, carpenters, plumbers and mechanics. When lights fuse, furniture gets rickety, pipes get clogged, or vacuum cleaners fail to operate, some women assume that their husbands will somehow put things right. The worst thing about the do-it-yourself game is that sometimes even men live under the delusion that they can do anything, even when they haverepeatedly been proved wrong. It is a question of pride as much as anything else.Last spring my wife suggested that I call in a man to look at our lawn mower. It had broken down the previous summer, and though I promised to repair it, I had never got round to it. I would not hear of the suggestion and said that I would fix it myself. One Saturday afternoon, I hauled the machine into the garden and had a close look at it. As far as I could see, it only needed a minor adjustment： a turn of a screw here, a little tightening up there, a drop of oil andit would be as good as new. Inevitably the repair job was not quite so simple. The mower firmly refused to mow, so I decided to dismantle it. The garden was soon littered with chunks of metal which had once made up a lawn mower. But I was extremely pleased with myself. I had traced the cause of the trouble. One of the links in the chain that drives the wheels had snapped. After buying a new chain I was faced with the insurmountable task of putting the confusing jigsaw puzzle together again. I was not surprised to find that the machine still refused to work after I had reassembled it, for the simple reason that I was left with several curiously shaped bits of metal which did not seem to fit anywhere. I gave up in despair. The weeks passed and the grass grew. When my wife nagged me to do something about it, I told her that either I would have to buy a new mower or let the grass grow. Needless to say our house is now surrounded by a jungle. Buried somewhere in deep grass there is a rusting lawn-mower which I have promised to repair one day.【课文翻译】现在我们自己动手做事的热情很高，结果对于专业工人的依赖越来越少了。
中口翻译笔记
△英汉语言差异1、所指意义差异（环境）主人：honest owner busboy跑堂的人yellow boy金币2、语法差异——中文多四字格词组He got up in crisis of feeble infatuation.清晨起床，内心惶恐，浑身无力，都是为情所困。
Even the most beautiful became bent and toothless, their dark clothes smelling, as the mamma’ did, of smoke and manure.即使绝代佳人也会弯腰驼背、皓齿尽落，一身皂衣，如同奶妈的衣服一样，全是烟味，臭气熏人。
A world of difference 天壤之别Take a risk in desperation（绝望）铤而走险（孤注一掷）Await with great anxiety 翘首以待（望穿秋水）Decline with all sorts of excuses 百般推辞3、语法差异——英文词语形态变化Flowers bloom all over the yard.（复数）满园百花盛开。
He was as poor as we are.（时态）他以前和我们仙子啊一样穷。
4、思维习惯的差异油漆未干wet paint 闲人免进staff only勿踏草坪keep off the grass5、交际场景的差异您贵姓？What’s your honorable name? Could I have your name?寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚。
I look for what I missI know not what it isI feel so sad, so dearSo lonely, without cheerSo dark, so dense, so dull, so damp, so dark, so dead.△中口目标1、appropriateness 适合原则老弱病残孕the infirm those who need help2、briefness 尽量简洁A short girl in a dark straw hat appeared in the doorway.门口出现一矮妞，头戴扁平黑草帽。
(完整版)新概念英语第一册课文翻译及学习笔记Lesson31
新概念英语第一册课文翻译及学习笔记Lesson31【课文】JEAN： Where's Sally, Jack?JACK： She's in the garden, Jean.JEAN： What's she doing?JACK： She's sitting under the tree.JEAN： Is Tim in the garden, too?JACK： Yes, he is.He's climbing the tree.JEAN： I beg your pardon?Who's climbing the tree?JACK： Tim is.JEAN： What about the dog?JACK： The dog's in the garden, too.It's running across the grass.It's running after a cat.【课文翻译】琼：杰克，萨莉在哪儿?杰克：她在花园里，琼。
琼：她在干什么?杰克：她正在树荫下坐着。
琼：蒂姆也在花园里吗?杰克：是的，他也在花园里。
他正在爬树。
琼：你说什么?谁在爬树?杰克：蒂姆在爬树。
琼：那么狗呢?杰克：狗也在花园里。
它正在草地上跑，在追一只猫。
【生词】garden n. 花园under prep.在……这下tree n. 树climb v. 爬，攀登who pron.谁run v. 跑grass n. 草，草地after prep.在……之后across prep.横过，穿过cat n. 猫【知识点讲解】1. 今天要学习一个重要的语法点：现在实行时态。
在英语中，要表达正在发生的动作或事件，需要用这个时态。
这个时态的基本格式是：be动词现在时+动词的现在实行时态简单一点说就是"am/are/is + 动词ing形式"。
比如课文中的"She's sitting..." "He's climbing..." "It's running..."动词变成现在实行时态基本格式就是在后面直接加ing，比如climb-climbing, walk-walking, catch-catching...如果动词以e结尾，则去掉e加ing，比如give-giving, move-moving...如果动词只有一个元音字母，并在其后跟一个辅音字母，则将辅音字母双写、再加ing。
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第一次课好英文：主次分明，逻辑严密，主三次八（主则主句主谓主系表，次则从句名形介副非谓三各种短语）好中文：音调和谐，结构匀称，具体表现凡十：双声（声母相同eg 坎坷，迷茫），叠韵（韵母相同eg 彷徨，徜徉），叠音，双音节，四字格，对仗，平仄，量词准（找准比喻角度，活用动量词eg.一本芭蕉），动词活（eg.眉毛一扬，头发一甩general／specific words）活用动词四法：具体，高频，靠近，连用好译文：faithful and smooth 忠通脱读是文章对读没走样（content &style）翻译：技巧，语言比较，相关表达怎么学：reading－observing－imitating－producing（speaking & writing & translating）条件：三语让之间之外技巧全攻略：增减逆顺转类换正反拆合引申难增减－eg.汉译英代词增加逆顺－英文先主后客，中文先客后主拆合－英译汉多拆；汉译英多合引申－深宽抽象事物具体化1.风在吼，马在叫，黄河在咆哮，河东河西高粱熟，万山丛中游击健儿逞英豪。
Wind howling，horses neighing，the Yellow River roaring. Sorghum ripe on both banks, the guerilla soldiers are fighting bravely in mountains beyond mountains.2.广出猎，见草中石以为虎而射之，中石，没全族，视之，石也，因复更射之，终不能入矣。
（三个左右的动词合一次，取一个最重要的做谓语）Once out on a hunting trip, General Li Guang mistook a rock in the grass for a tiger and shoot an arrow at it. He hit it with such force that the tip of the arrow get inside the rock. Later he discovered it to be only a rock. Thus, he wanted to try shooting again but was unable to pierce it.3.松下问童子，言师采药去。
只在此山中，云深不知处。
When asked under a pine tree, your boy replied my master is gone for herbsin these mountains, but I don’t know where for the thick clouds.4.The prisoners of war are allowed to write censored letters.战俘可以写信，但需经过审查。
5.I wouldn’t have eaten it only I’m too ladylike to take it out of my mouth.我本不想吃，但是吐出来也太不淑女了。
6.My bringing had been more of a wild boy than that of a young lady.我接受的教养，与其说是淑女的教养，倒不如说是野小子。
7.枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马，夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。
黄昏时归巢的乌鸦盘旋在缠绕着枯藤的老树上。
At dark, returning crows hovering over on the trees wrapped with decayed lines. A farmer house beside a brook is under a small bridge. A heart broken man on mean horse along the ancient path with travelling far far away from home in the west wind against the setting sun.第二次课英语5种基本句型：主谓主系表主谓宾主谓间宾直宾主谓宾＋宾补英语7种常用短语：名形介副非谓三eg：I found a man lying in front of my door.I found him hurt by the careless words that I made.I find them to have left 3days ago.2*7They were found to have left 3 days ago.…3*7 with+n+7 结构1)n. With your father president of the university how can I offend you.2)adj. With his parents old and children still young, Mr.Zhang is having a hard life.3)prep. With his parents in old age and children in youth…4)adv. With his parents out…5)-ing With you leading our way, we have nothing to fear.6)-ed With his leg broken he was unable to come for the football game.7)to do With his father to have died many years ago . he has a miserable life.独立主格结构汉语7个基本结构：1）并列：高大威猛你来我往吃饭睡觉2）主谓：你来我往3）动宾：吃饭睡觉4）偏正：（adj+n,红星绿草；adv+v快跑）5）动补：（补动词，英语中补宾语）快跑（状语），跑快（补语）6）连动：v+v+v过来吃饭7）兼语：前面的补后面的主叫他闹随它去增减法：冠代介连，三态一气，成语翻译，复数处理1）汉语无冠词概念独立的标志，英译汉省冠词，汉译英加冠词eg：猫眼比人眼能吸收更多光线A cat’s eye can saw more rays than a man’s, so it can see clearly even in the dark.马是有用的动物The horse is a useful animal.中国人是勤劳的民族Chines people are an industrial nation.他把手揣在口袋里He put his hand in the pocket.2）代词替代：My son by my former wife词汇替代：同义／反义／上义general words／下义词替代specific words 动作替代：They went there, so did I.句子替代：You help me and I you／You help me and viceversa（反之亦然）3）介of ／in／at／to／for怎么用：比较－over表原因（纠纷／感情）eg：Two boys are fighting for a girl.Don’t shout at me across the street.Shout for him to get down.翻译题7.老鼠过街，人人喊打。
When people see a rat crossing the street, they shout,’’Strike it!’’8.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
As long as the green mountain remains, there’s no need to worry about the fire wood.9.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
（不努力的少年导致一个悲伤的老年）10.冬天，人们容易感冒。
People intend to have a cold in winter.11.酒后开车易出车祸。
Drunk driving is liable to cause traffic accidents.(Driving under the influence of alcohol)Traffic accidents can be caused by drunk driving.12.有些人忙于赚钱，难得清闲。
找主语的三种方式：原来，句中，句外汉语并列转换成英语：英语并列，英语主从，英语单句（有主次）主从：Some people are so busy to make money that they have no time to enjoy.单句：Too busy making money to enjoy.Too busy making money for even a moment’s leisure.换主语：Even a moment leisure can be very hard for those people who are busy. Even a nap can be luxury.13.他认为有钱了，就应该大吃大喝。
He take for grantedSince he has a lot of moneyWith+1.The checks will be $25 a week less than under the stimulus.若不是采取了经济措施，周薪水将减少¥25.2.In 2008, the first year of the Great Recession the number of American living in poverty rose by 1.7million to nearly 47.5 million.2008年是美国经济大萧条的第一年，美国贫困人口增加了1.7百万，接近47.5百万。
3.Most often mist hides the illusory Alps.大多时候阿尔卑斯山云雾缭绕，如梦似幻4. She had no misgiving to annoy her delights.她无忧无虑，照样开开心心。
5.Anger chokes her words.她气得说不出话来。
6.My duty forbids me to fly from danger.我职责所在，绝不能临阵逃脱。