初中英语现在完成时

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现在完成时讲解与练习

如果你想说“我已经看过某部电影,所以不想看了”、“某人曾经做过什么事情”

等等,该如果表达呢?首先请看下面的句子:

(1)I have seen the film. I don’t want to see it again. 这部电影我已经看过,不想再看了。

(2)Have you answered all the questions? 所有的问题你都回答了吗? (3)Have you ever looked at a travel brochure? 你看过旅游宣传册吗?

(4)She has never visited the USA. 她从没有过去美国。

观察:以上句子的谓语动词的一个共同特点是_____________________________, 用于表示在以前的某个时间曾经做过的、发生的事情,这种行为对目前有某种影响。我们把这种时态称为“现在完成时”。 一、 现在完成时的概念。

①现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。

She has bought a car 她买了一辆车。

She has arrived. 她到了。

② 表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

We've known each other since we were children. (我们从小就认识。) I have been a member of the Party for 10 years. 二、构成:

”助动词have, has + 过去分词”

练. 把下面变否定句、一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答。 1. I have done my homework.

否定句:_______________________________________ 一般疑问句:___________________________________ 回答:_________________________________________ 2. The plane has arrived.

否定句:_______________________________________ 一般疑问句:___________________________________ 回答:_________________________________________ 三、 现在完成时用法归纳

1. 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作现已完成,对现在造成的影响和结果。(此种用法谓语动词用短暂性动词) 如: The plane has arrived. 常用的时间状语和副词:

如: I have already done my homework.

如: Has she finished cooking yet? 他做完饭了吗? 练:I have already done my homework. (变为否定句)

______________________________________________

ever (曾经),句中,多用于疑问句

如:Have you ever been to Shanghai?

never (从不) ,本身否定

before (以前),句尾,独立用

just (刚刚),用于肯定句中,常用在助动词和过去分词之间。

如:I have just heard the news. 我刚刚听到消息。

2. 现在完成时表示过去已经开始,持续到现在,可能延续到将来的动作和状态。常与表示过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语连用。如:

a.for + 一段时间:for two hours

b.since + 时间点:since 1999, since last year

c.since + 一段时间+ ago =for + 一段时间

since two days ago=______________________

d.up to now, till now, , so far(到目前为止)

e.in the past two years, in the last few days

f.recently, lately(最近)

如:Miss Zhao has taught math for five years.

His mother has worked in the shop since 1990.

The Greens have lived in London since three years ago.

[注]:其中在a,b,c,d 这四种结构中,谓语动词必须为延续性动词。

如:

这本书我已买了一年半了!)

用since和for填空

1.______two years

2.____two years ago

3.___last month

4.______ 1999

5._______yesterday

6._______ 4 o’clock

7 ________4 hours 8._____an hour ago

9. ___we were children 10._____ lunch time 11.____ she left here

12. He has lived in Nanjing ___ the year before last. 13. I’ve known him ______ we were children.

14. Our teacher has studied Japanese ______ three years.

15. She has been away from the city ______ about ten years.

4. 短暂性动词怎样和表示一段时间的状语连用。

英语中的短暂性动词,也叫做终止性动词、瞬间动词或非延续性动词,只表示一时的动作,不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。常见的短暂性动词有:go, come, leave, find, buy, arrive, give, stop, join, marry, die, begin, start, borrow, close, open, lend等。eg. I have bought this book for three months. (×)

非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法:

(1)将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。

leave- be away from close- be closed

join- be in begin/start- be on (电影开始)

buy- have go- be there

die- be dead finish- be over

borrow- keep join – be in

open- be open come back- be back

(2)时间状语的变化:把表时间的状语“for…”变为“数词+ 时间名词+ago”的短语形式。(即:将时间状语改为过去时间,并用一般过去时代替现在完成时)如:他离开济南三年了。

He has left Ji’nan for three years. ( )

He has been away from Ji’nan for three years.

He left Ji’nan three years ago.

例如:

1) They borrowed it last week. They __________it since _____________.

2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I ____________a pen for _____________.

5. have been to/ have gone to/ have been in 三种结构的区别

(1)have been to 曾经去过某地(现已离开),可以与ever, never, once, twice等连用。

(2)has gone to 去某地了,现在还未回来。此句型一般用于第三人称。

(3)have been in 表示已在某地呆了多久,若该地为小地方则用at。句末常有

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