常用临床医学术语

.常用临床医学术语

diseases疾病

acute diseases急性病

advanced diseases病沉重期，晚期疾病chronic diseases慢性病

communicable diseases传染病complicating diseases并发病

congenital diseases先天性疾病

acquired diseases后天性疾病contagious diseases接触性传染病endemic diseases地方病

epidemic diseases流行病

functional diseases机能病、官能病infectious diseases传染病

inherited diseases遗传病

malignant diseases恶性病

nutritional diseases营养病

occupation diseases职业病

organic diseases器质性病

paroxysmal diseases阵发性病

periodical diseases周期病

primary(principal)diseases原发（主导）病

secondary diseases继发病

sexual(venereal, social)diseases性病terminal diseases绝症

wasting diseases消耗性疾病

chief complaint主诉

clinical manifestation临床表现delivery history分娩史

etiology病因学

family history家族史

history, medical history病史precipitating(induced)诱因

marital status婚姻状况

menstrual history月经史menarche初潮

menopause闭经

past history既往史pathogenesis发病机制

personal history个人史

symptoms症状

cardinal symptom主要症状

classical symptom典型症状

concomitant symptom伴发症状

constitutional(systemic) symptom全身症状

indirect symptom间接症状

induced symptom诱发症状

local symptom局部症状

mental symptom精神症状

symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom综合症，症候群signs体征

antecedent前驱征

assident (accessory)副征

commemorative后遗症

sign of death死征

diagnostic诊断征

sign of disease病征

subjective自觉征，主观征

vein sign静脉征

vital sign生命体征

body length (height of the body)身高

body weight体重

barrel chest桶状胸

cachexia恶病质

compulsive position被动体位

critical facies病危面容

emaciation消瘦

enophthalmos眼球下陷

entropion睑内翻

exophthalmos眼球突出

flushed face面色潮红

gain (loss) in weight增加（减轻）体重lock-jaw牙关紧闭

lordosis脊柱前凸

nasal ala flap鼻翼扇动

nystagmus眼震

obesity肥胖

pallor苍白

scolisis脊柱侧凸

agitation焦急不安

debility, weakness虚弱

diaphoresis出汗，大量出汗dizziness, vertigo眩晕

lassitude, fatigue无力，倦怠

malaise不适

night sweat盗汗

numbness麻木

rigor, chill寒冷，发冷

perspiration, sweating出汗

pruritus, itching痒，

somasthenia躯体无力

tingling麻刺感

abscess脓肿

acidosis酸中毒

adhesion粘连

alkalosis碱中毒

allergy过敏

coagulation defect凝血不良

congestion充血

dehydration脱水

distention膨胀

edema水肿

embolism栓塞，栓塞形成

fluid and electrolyte imbalance水电解质紊乱gangrene坏疽

hematoma血肿hemorrhage, bleeding出血infarction梗塞，梗死infection传染inflammation炎症ketoacidosis酮酸中毒metastasis转移perforation穿孔necrosis坏死

shock休克

response反应，应答reaction反应，感应thrombosis血栓形成ulceration溃疡

fever, pyrexia发烧，发热continuous fever稽留热intermittent fever间歇热low-grade fever低热remittent fever驰张热relapsing fever回归热