2019年托福真题：4月23日托福听力题目解析
托福听力tpo69全套对话讲座原文+题目+答案+译文
托福听力tpo69全套对话讲座原文+题目+答案+译文Section1 (2)Conversation1 (2)原文 (2)题目 (5)答案 (7)译文 (7)Lecture1 (10)原文 (10)题目 (14)答案 (16)译文 (17)Section2 (19)Conversation2 (20)原文 (20)题目 (23)答案 (26)译文 (26)Lecture2 (29)原文 (29)题目 (32)答案 (36)译文 (36)Lecture3 (39)原文 (39)题目 (42)答案 (46)译文 (46)Section1Conversation1原文Student:Hi I'm Robert West,we had an appointment.University administrator:You hear about your graduation form right?I'm about to print it out.Student:Oh good,thanks,I was kind of wondering what it is all about,I mean,I’ve completed more than enough courses work to graduate.University administrator:All this is strictly routine,of course you have to finish your course work.But this form is just the administrative checklist.It's our way of making sure you don't have any unfinished university business,like unpaid tuition bills or lab fees that’s sort of thing.Student:Well,I do have an outstanding student loan,but I was told that I don't have to start paying that off yet,not until I get a job,I do have a job interview tomorrow.University administrator:well,good luck with it,but not yourloan,it's not an issue here.Let’s see,the only problem I see is um，what’s this fine for…uh,an overdue CD that you borrow from the music library.Student:Really?I…I checked it out,like three months ago,but wasn’t really for me.University administrator:Oh,you checked it out for a friend？Student:No,for a faculty member actually.We need that music for a play we produced.Uh,professor Williams was our director and I was in the show.Anyway,he’d asked me to borrow the recording from the library.University administrator:Okay,but that still doesn't explain why you didn't return it.Student:Well,he ended up with it.He says he’d return it.And I just assumed that was that.Because I never heard anything from the library.University administrator:That’s all,you used it and you know this.Student:Yeah,Oh,but I did recently move to a new apartment, maybe they did send something.University administrator:Okay,well this should’ve been done in a time in manner.But as they say better late than never,if you return the CD now,you get away with just a late time, which is a lot less than the fee to replace it.Student:Yeah,but it's totally not my fault,so now I have to track down the CD to avoid having to pay this replacement fee.University administrator:Well,yes.I mean it sounds like there was some kind of a mix-up,but the burden is still on you to settle your library account.You know it,it might be that their records are wrong,so first I suggest you go there make sure and then you might have to go talk to professor Williams.Student:Oh,I guess I have no choice.University administrator:Don't worry too much,these things always get sorted out.Student:Yeah,you’re right.It's no big thing,I should be more worried about my job,interview,then about this.University administrator:And when it’s all worked out,come back here for your paper work.题目.Why does the student go to see the woman?A.To make sure he has completed enough course work to graduateB.To find out when his student loan must be paid backC.To pick up an administrative formD.To complain about a library fine2.What is the student's problem?A.He forgot to return some library books.B.He cannot start paying off his student loan yet.C.He paid his graduation fee too late.D.He owes money to the music library.3.Who is Professor Williams?A.The head of the libraryB.The director of a play the student was inC.The student's music professorD.The person who arranged a job interview for the student4.What is the most likely reason the student did not receive the notice from the library?A.He recently moved.B.He has been out of town.C.The library just mailed it the day before.D.The library sent it to Professor Williams.5.What can be inferred about the student when he says this:University administrator:Well,yes.I mean it sounds like there was some kind of a mix-up,but the burden is still on you tosettle your library account.You know it,it might be that their records are wrong,so first I suggest you go there make sure and then you might have to go talk to professor Williams.Student:Oh,I guess I have no choice.A.He is not sure how to respond to the woman.B.He feels he has been treated unfairly.C.He wonders if there is another solution.D.He does not think the woman's suggestions will work.答案C D B A B译文1.学生：嗨！我是Robert West，我们之前有约。
托福听力TPO23原文 Lecture1
托福听力TPO23原文Lecture1下面就让小编来为大家介绍一下托福听力TPO23原文中Lecture1的文本内容吧，大家要好好把握，这些都是非常有价值的材料，同时，大家也可以登录前程百利论坛进行TPO练习辅导，希望能够给准备托福听力的同学带来帮助。
TPO23Lecture l-Archaeology(Antikythera(Mechanism)Professor：I was talking to one of my colleagues in the physics department the other day,and we ended up discussing how one discovery can change everything.My colleague mentioned how the theory of relativity completely changed the field of physics.At any rates,that conversation got me thinking about archaeological finds that really changed our understanding of ancient civilizations.So I want to talk about the discovery of the Antikythera Mechanism.The Antikythera Mechanism was found a hundred years ago, under water in an ancient Greek shipwreck in the Mediterranean Sea.It was in extremely poor condition and in many corroded pieces.But once we figured out what it was and reconstructed it.Well,I simply don't have the words to convey how extraordinary this find was.The Antikythera Mechanism is a relatively small device,roughly the size of a shoebox, made of gears fitted inside a wooden case.In its original state,there were rotating dials and other indicators on the top,with letters and drawings showing the Sun,the phases of the moon and different constellations.Inside the box,bronze gears would have rotated the displays.The displays,uh,the indicators of the Antikythera Mechanism,would then movedto show the motion of the Sun and moon relative to the planets and stars.The device could be used to tell the different phases of the moon and much more.Well,scientists have recently analyzed the inscriptions on the mechanism andre-examine the other cargo in the ship wreck,and the evidence makes an absolute case that this device dates back to ancient Greece somewhere between150and100B.C.E.What makes that so fascinating is that before we found the Antikythera Mechanism,the earliest device we had that could track the Sun and moon like this was invented over1,000years later.So when this was first found,people literally would not believe it.Some of my colleagues insisted it had to have been made well after100B.C.E.But this physical evidence was conclusive.It was that old.Of course part of what made this find so unusual is that the Antikythera Mechanism is constructed of bronze.Now,it is not that bronze was all that rare in Greece then,it is just that bronze was valuable and could easily be recycled.It would have been relatively easy for a person with knowledge of metals to melt down bronze objects and forge them into?well,say,coins.Bronze was used to made money back then. Or mold the bronze into anything else of value for that matter.We are very fortunate that the device ended up under water,because otherwise it probably would have ended up recycled into?who knows what.Now,it was a challenge to figure out the Antikythera Mechanism.It spent over2,000years at the bottom of the sea before it was discovered. And even after it was discovered,it was still a number of years before we really understood what it was.You see,the mechanism had corroded underwater,and many of the gears were stuck together in a mass.Cleaning it was only partly successful.We could only get agood look at the structure of the gears after gamma-rays were used to see inside,very similar to the way X-rays are used to see your bones.Now,once we got a good look inside, we saw a really complex device.The many gears not only moved in a way that could indicate the phases of the moon.The Antikythera Mechanism also tracked both the lunar year and the solar year.Additionally,the gears also moved to match the motions of the planet and predicted eclipses.But one thing that is particularly notable is that the mechanism was so precise that it even took into account a particular irregularity in the moon's orbit,which requires some very complex math to replicate in mechanical device.You could say that the Antikythera Mechanism was a very precise calendar,which stands to reasons calendars were very important to ancient peoples.Religious festivals had to be held at the right time of year,crops needed to be planted at the right time as well. And let's not forget that eclipses in planetary motions had important symbolic meanings.教授：有一天我跟物理系的一位同事聊天，聊到一个发现有可能会改变所有的事情。
2019年托福听力真题答案和解析
2019年托福听力真题答案和解析Conversation 1一个女的转学来林肯学员学习环境，但是他选了宿舍没选公寓，她想问男的能改成公寓不，男的说：不行，谁叫你不看网页，女的说她看了但是只看了map，男的说：谁叫你不先看?公寓什么都有，厕所厨房客厅，上课还近，但是要多付钱。
女的说没有早点选房间的原因是她那时候还在另一所学校，另外就是有钱。
男的又说NO NO NO，去年大家都抽选过了不能改了，为什么不一开始就说?女的说我去拿时还没有转学啊，况且有人说我找你就行，男的问谁，女的说：不记得了。
男的：… …。
-TPO部分对应参考校园场景类TPO32-C2/T8-C2)Lecture 1地球的layer结构，Mantle,crust,core,并没有想象中那么简单，科学家发射一种wave探测，但是只能到达crust,mantle和core有着high pressure, geologist无法探测里面的结构，所以历地理学家常常借助physicist的协助来研究地层结构，历，physicist以前在实验室里创造类似底层内部的高压环境，用一种tool叫DAC，因为这种tool的受力面积很小，只要很小的force就能产生极大的preesure。
科学家在使用tool时还heat it，以达到特定的temperature，把液体的水变成了一种ice crystal。
后来研究人员在地层内部也发现了类似的crystal，地理学家发射一种wave去探测地层内部的温度，然后发现mantle和core交界处的温度有3000度。
几个问题是lecture讲了关于什么的，提到的那个工具是个钻石diamond头的，因为能增大压强，还有一题是科学家在2007年的实验能够测量出什么，答案应该是mantle和core中间的温度。
-TPO部分对应参考(地质类TPO32-L3/TP32-L2)Lecture 216世纪的画，先提了一下impressionism用的颜色注重色彩的使用，喜欢丰富，vivid，多彩的颜色。
2019年3月托福真题回忆及解析
2019年3月托福真题回忆及解析【导语】托福考试对于留学生来说是一个非常有好处的考试，可以让大家在没有到目的地之前就对留学生活有了一个大致的了解。
而且高分获得者势必在申请过程中拥有更大的优势。
为了让大家更好的学习托福，无忧考网给大家整理了2019年3月3日、3月6日、3月19日、3月30日、3月31日的托福真题及回忆，希望对大家托福有帮助，欢迎阅读！3月3日托福口语真题回忆Q1 ：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?We should be complete honest and open to our close friends. Explain why.Q2：阅读标题：Ban sleeping in Library 原因1：影响其它学习的学生原因2：campus tour 的学生看到影响不好听力态度：不同意原因1：学生们在couch 上休息，学习的人可以选择chair，虽然不如couch 舒服，但是为了学习也还OK 原因2：男生也参加过campus tour，感觉挺好的。
大家都没觉得看到休息的学生不好，反而觉得学生学累了不回宿舍玩耍，只是小憩一下就接着学，影响很好。
Q3：阅读标题：flipped classroom 定义：不在课上讲课，反而录视频给学生看，课上做练习听力例子：一个朋友，数学老师，以前都是课上讲课，留作业给学生回家做，结果交上来的作业孩子们各种问题、不会做、甚至不做。
后来转变了方法，把想要教的录成视频让孩子们回家去看，第二天上课做练习，她在班里转着指导，这样问题可以及时解决。
Q4：话题：caterpillar 怎么自我保护要点1：physical feature例子1：身上长尖刺，鸟没法吃要点2：其它动物保护例子2 ：可以分泌sweet liquids 吸引ants 。
如果有predators ，ants 就保护它，chase predators。
2019托福听力真题回忆
2019托福听力真题回忆小编给大家整理了2019年托福考试的真题回忆，希望能够帮助到你们！2019托福听力真题回忆托福阅读听力评分标准本文介绍的是托福阅读听力评分标准,主要帮助大家在考完托福考试后，对应下面的表格，自己做对了多少题，就可以算出考试分数了，下面大家看托福阅读听力评分标准的详细内容。
新托福听力一共是6篇文章，34道题，在6篇文章中所有回答正确的题目数量加起来就是你的“total points”。
在一道表格题中，所有的项目都要回答正确，你才算是拿到了point。
在双项选择题中，只有把两个正确答案都选出来才算拿到了point，少选、多选或者误选都不行。
新托福听力评分标准：新托福阅读考试共三篇文章，每篇12-14道题，如果遇到加试时从考试的五篇文章中随机选取三篇计分。
在这三篇文章中所有回答正确的题目数量加起来就是你的“total points”。
除重要观点题和归类题以外，每道题的分值都是1分。
重要观点题的分值可能是2分。
归类题为3或4分。
考试所得分数范围：0-30分。
新托福阅读评分标准：新托福口语评分标准如下：新托福作文评分标准：六分：文章切题，阐说充分，文章有说服力;段落组织有序，衔接紧密，过渡自然，有很强的逻辑性;段落内句与句连接顺畅，句式使用恰当，灵活，娴熟;用词确切，得体。
文章中有个别语法拼写错误，但不影响内容表达。
五分：文章切题，阐说基本充分，在某些细节上有缺陷。
段落层次组织有序，衔接紧密，过渡自然，逻辑性强;句间连接顺畅，句式使用恰当，灵活;用词基本得体。
文章中有少量用词不当和语法拼写错误。
四分：文章切题，阐说尚可，展开不够。
段落层次组织有序，衔接紧密，过渡自然，有逻辑性;句间连接基本顺畅;有部分句法错误;用词一般，有时不得体。
词性区分和拼写等有若干错误。
三分：文章切题，段落组织基本合理，有逻辑性，但只存在于语义层次上，语言表达上未能体现;句子框架结构基本成立，但有许多语法错误，句间联系不顺畅，往往是不善于使用逻辑连词，显得幼稚，生硬。
托福考试2024听力历年真题答案解析
托福考试2024听力历年真题答案解析2024年的托福考试听力部分，如往年一样，包含了一系列听力材料和相关问题。
本文将对历年真题中的听力部分进行题目解析和答案解释，以帮助考生更好地备考。
[介绍段]在托福考试听力部分，考生需要听取一段语音材料，然后回答几个与材料相关的问题。
这些材料可以是学术讲座、对话、课堂讨论等。
对于每种材料，考生需要仔细倾听，并在听完后选择正确的答案。
以下是对几个典型历年真题的解析。
[题目一]Question: What is the main topic of the lecture?听力材料：一段讲座内容，讲述关于生态系统中濒临灭绝的物种。
解析：这道题目需要考生仔细倾听讲座内容，判断讲座的主要话题。
在听力材料中，讲师提到了一系列与生态系统和濒临灭绝物种相关的信息。
考生需要筛选出这些信息并进行归纳，最终选择与之相关的答案。
答案解释：主要讲座话题是关于生态系统中濒临灭绝的物种。
在听力材料中，讲师提到了研究人员进行调查、濒临灭绝物种对生态系统的重要性等相关内容。
因此，正确答案应选择与这个主题相关的选项。
[题目二]Question: What is the relationship between the two speakers?听力材料：一段对话，讨论两位发言者的关系。
解析：这道题目需要考生仔细研究对话内容，判断两位发言者之间的关系。
在对话中，两位发言者可能会透露出彼此之间的身份、职位或熟悉程度等信息。
考生需要根据对话内容进行分析，并选择最符合描述的答案。
答案解释：根据对话中的内容，我们可以推断出两位发言者是一位教授和一位学生。
在对话中，教授提到了自己的研究、学生的作业等相关内容，这表明教授与学生之间存在一种教育关系。
[题目三]Question: What is the purpose of the conversation?听力材料：一段对话，讨论对话的目的。
解析：这道题目需要考生理解对话中的目的或主要内容。
2019年5月26日托福听力考试真题及解析
2019年5月26日托福听力考试真题及解析最新一期的托福考试已经圆满结束，这次的考试引发了大家的热议。
今天就和一起看看2019年5月26日托福听力考试真题及解析。
C1 校园场景学生想rent a bike locker，但是目前没有available 的，学生没有办法申请locker immediately，至少要到这个学期结束，先 fill out a form 申请一下。
学生表达了一下自己想租library附近的locker，因为自己住在那一片（出了细节题，问原因）。
另外学生又提到看到一些locker advocate，老师说这些advocate 的职责（出双选题，考advocate职责是什么）是看一下有没有异常的Locker，学生表示很感兴趣，老师表示他们会很高兴有新成员加入。
（重复2018.11.11）C2 学术场景学生与教授谈论一个天文学的课题，古迪洛克行星（goldilocks planets）。
学生解释了一下这个天文学术语的由来：金发女孩与三只熊的故事，女孩来到三只熊住家，发现那里所有东西都有三种尺寸，小女孩排除当中太过极端的，太大或太小，太冷或太热等，因此，goldilocks planets指的是温度不太冷也不太热，可以提供液态水保持所需合适温度的行星，教授声明了判断古迪洛克行星的原则有两点，一是行星的温度是否合适，二是行星的age（出细节题，问这两点是什么）. 学生问教授为什么看到判断行星的标准中包括了围绕双星转动的行星，教授解释说判断古迪洛克星的准则是经过了演化（evolve）的，之前人们对星系的了解比较少，近期才发现宇宙中存在围绕双星转动的星球（2011年科学家发现一颗具有双星系统的行星——开普勒1647b），goldilocks planet 判断准则也就发生变化，包含围绕双星转动的星球。
（这篇对话相当于短篇幅讲座。
就问你难不难？！）C3校园场景讲一个学生想spring break的时候回家，去找faculty问能不能搭车，对话的开头是教授抱怨学校最新的网站老出问题，（他开始以为学生也是来咨询这个网站出问题的事）。
2019年托福听力题型归类及错误方法总结
2019年托福听力题型归类及错误方法总结题型归类及错误选项特征：错误思路：主题题目的题推断题细节题重听题等题型错误点和原因：无视考生考场行为或听文章的行为，简单粗暴根据题干特点归类。
归类题型的意义有两点，一让你了解听力究竟在考什么从而平时备考更有方向和策略，二让你在听文章时预判出题点。
但这几类题型要么完全名不副实，要么不注重考场行为。
首先分析目的题，以TPO24L1Moderndance 为例。
该题对应原文如下：Um... what mademodern dance so radical?Well, for example,I think the best analogy to moderndance is modern art or modern pared to theirclassical predecessors, these newer art forms are freer, moreexperimental, more improvisational.题目为Why doesthe professor mention modern art and modern music，于是自不过然被归类为目的题。
但我讲课注重的是你如何才能预判出这儿会出题。
要做到预判，需要你听出来学生问了一个问题，老师通过例子来回答，所以题目会考到这个例子，而非你立刻感觉到这儿会出目的。
另一角度，如果这个题干换成what does the professor say about modern art and modern dance，题目要考察的知识点是一样的，仅仅换个说法，于是很多人就归类为细节题。
你试想下，明明在考同一个知识点，却仅仅因为题干的疑问词不同，于是归类成不同的题型，这在逻辑上有多可笑?!接下来分析推断题，以TPO31L4为例。
文章讲Botai people养马及其证据。
最后一段原文如下：Now, later on, people of the same region,northern Kazakhstan, started raising sheep and cattle. And that led to a morenomadic culture.Since sheep and cattle can't survive harsh climates, they needed to be taken south everywinter.Moving around meant working harder butthe trade-offwas far richer, fattier milk year round and warm clothingfrom the sheep.该题题干为What does theprofessor imply about the peoplein ancient Kazakhstan when they startedraising sheep and cattle?准确选项为They realized that a nomadic lifestyle offered benefits that outweighed the hard work。
托福听力测试题及答案
托福听力测试题及答案
1. 听下面对话，回答以下问题：
对话中提到的会议是在什么时候举行的？
A. 上午9点
B. 下午3点
C. 晚上7点
D. 没有提及具体时间
答案：B
2. 听下面讲座，回答以下问题：
教授在讲座中提到了哪种动物的迁徙行为？
A. 蝴蝶
B. 鲸鱼
C. 企鹅
D. 鸟类
答案：A
3. 听下面对话，回答以下问题：
学生为什么去找教授？
A. 询问作业
B. 寻求建议
C. 讨论成绩
D. 报告问题
答案：B
4. 听下面讲座，回答以下问题：
讲座中提到的艺术家是哪个国家的？
A. 法国
B. 意大利
C. 西班牙
D. 荷兰
答案：D
5. 听下面对话，回答以下问题：
对话中提到的图书馆在哪里？
A. 校园中心
B. 校园东边
C. 校园西边
D. 校园北边
答案：C
6. 听下面讲座，回答以下问题：
讲座中提到的实验结果是什么？
A. 成功
B. 失败
C. 需要进一步研究
D. 无法确定
答案：C
7. 听下面对话，回答以下问题：
对话中提到的天气如何？
A. 晴朗
B. 多云
C. 下雨
D. 雪
答案：C
8. 听下面讲座，回答以下问题：
讲座中提到的新技术对环境有何影响？
A. 正面影响
B. 负面影响
C. 没有影响
D. 影响未知
答案：A
结束语：以上是本次托福听力测试题及答案，希望能够帮助考生更好地准备考试。
托福听力部分历年真题详解2024版
托福听力部分历年真题详解2024版Introduction托福考试中的听力部分是考生们普遍感到较为困惑和挑战的一部分。
为了帮助考生们更好地应对托福听力考试，本篇文章将详细解析2024年的托福听力部分历年真题，并提供一些有效的解题技巧和策略。
Section 1 - Conversation第一节 - 对话In this section, you will listen to a conversation between two people. The conversation may be about everyday topics such as shopping, studying, or planning activities. This part of the test aims to assess your ability to understand and grasp spoken information in different contexts.Sample Question:Question: What is the main purpose of the conversation?Answer: The main purpose of the conversation is to discuss the plan fora group project.解析：这道题目要求考生理解对话的主要目的。
通过仔细倾听和分析对话内容，我们可以确定对话是关于一个小组项目计划的讨论。
因此，正确答案是"The main purpose of the conversation is to discuss theplan for a group project."Section 2 - Lecture第二节 - 讲座In this section, you will listen to a lecture or a speech by a professor. The lecture will cover academic topics and the speaker will often provide examples and explanations to support their main points. This part of the test assesses your ability to comprehend and extract information from lectures.Sample Question:Question: What is the professor's opinion about the new research findings?Answer: The professor's opinion is that the new research findings are promising, but further studies are needed to confirm the results.解析：这道题目要求考生理解教授对新的研究发现的观点。
TPO23听力解析详细版
TPO23 listening 问题解析注：红色标记为解题突破。
（编辑整理by 傻美）Section 1Conversation 11. What is the cause of the student's problem?A．She missed the deadline for submitting her announcement to the university web siteB. She did not include enough information in her announcement.C. The editors of the university web site did not post her announcementD. The university web site will not be available to students for several days.答案：C解析：（08”）定位句：I'm here 'cause... well,there's something I don't understand. I set an announcement for an event. And this morning I checked the events section of the university's website. And nothing, there is no mention of it.听清开头就会发现，有很明显的提示词cause，还停顿了。
原因就是女生在网上发布了一个通知，但是在学校网页上木有这个通知。
C选项正确2. What did the student's group have to promise the author in order to get him to visit the university?A. That he would have a large audience for his readingB. That his books would be advertised on the university web siteC. That the French Department would pay his travel expensesD. That he would also be able to speak at another nearby university答案：A解析：（52”）定位句：We were able to sell him on the idea by promising there’ll be a nice size crowd, I felt confident about that, because I know how enthusiastic our group is.女生说作者能来是因为承诺了他可以去很多人，因为学生们都很有热情。
托福听力TPO23原文Lecture4
托福听力TPO23原文Lecture4托福听力TPO23原文Lecture4下面就让小编来为大家介绍一下托福听力TPO23原文中Lecture4的文本内容吧，大家要好好把握，这些都是非常有价值的材料，同时，大家也可以登录前程百利论坛进行TPO练习辅导，希望能够给准备托福听力的同学带来帮助。
TPO23Lecture4Choreography(Screen Dance)Professor：Now,when you think about choreography,well,uh,for your last assignment,you choreographed the dance that was performed on stage in front of live audience.Now,screen dance is very different.It is a dance routine you will be choreographing specifically to be viewed on a screen,on a computer screen,a TV screen,in a movie theater,any screen.So the question we have to ask is,what's the difference between choreography for a live performance and choreography for on-screen viewing?OK. Think for a minute.When you see a movie,is it just a film of people acting on a stage?Of course not. Movies use a variety of camera angles and creative editing.Movies can distort time,slow movement down, or speed it up,show actors fading in and out of scenes,etc.All of these?all of these film-making techniques,things that can't be used in a live performance,are possible in a screen dance.Now,we'll cover these concepts in greater detail later,but you should be getting the idea that I don't want you to just film dancers on stage and turn it in as your screen dance project.Uh,Yes?Debbie.Student：But isn't something lost here,Professor Watson?I am a dancer,and when I perform on stage, I am so energized by the audience's reactions,the applause.I actually,and for a lot of dancers,it?it really inspires us.Professor：You're right.Screen dance,which is a relatively new,isn't for everyone.Uh,some dancers may seem reluctant to participate in your project,because they do thrive on the immediacy of performing live.If this happens,you could point out that screen dance offers other ways for dancers to connect to their audience.For example,dancers can express themselves,even change the whole mood of the scene through a facial expression.And you could film close-up shots of their faces.Facial expressions aren't as important in live performances generally,because the choreographer knows that someone in the back row of a theater may not be able to see a dancer's face clearly.Student：But?um,I have never used a movie camera or edited film before.How will we learn everything we need to know to??Professor：Oh,don't worry.The cameras you will be using are pretty simple to operate.And you'll get to play with the film-editing software several times before beginning your project.You'll also have the option of working with a student in the film department,someone who's familiar with the technology.But the choreography and the end result will be your responsibility of course.Student：Could you talk some more about the film-making techniques,you know,the ones that work best forscreen dances?Professor：I'll show some of my favorite screen dances next week to give you a better idea.But,uh, OK.Here's one technique that can create the illusion of flow in a screen dance.You film the same dancer, entering and exiting the frame several times.Moving slowly at first,then faster and faster.Then in the editing room,you can digitally manipulate these images,like youmight put five or ten or twenty copies of that same dancer meeting himself in the middle of the screen,to make it look like he is dancing with himself.Obviously,this can't be done in a live performance.Another example,in one screen dance I saw, the dancers leap through sheets of fire in a big abandoned building.Of course,the building wasn't really on fire.A technique called super-imposing was used.The dancers were filmed and layered in the editing room. The fire was added to the background.Student：That sounds awesome.But if anyone can watch a dance on a computer screen.Why would they pay to go see a live performance?What if screen dance got so popular that it replaced live dance?Professor：Screen dance is an entirely different type of presentation.It could never replicate the immediacy,the kind of drama that live performance offers.There will be an audience for that.I think what screen dance will do,though,is heighten awareness of dance in general.Because it is a way?u h,it can reach people in their homes,in their workplaces,at anytime really.And if someone discovers that they love dance by watching a screen dance,there's a good chance they will get interested enough to buy a ticket to see a live performance.教授：当你想到编舞的时候。
托福(听力)历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)
托福（听力）历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Listening ComprehensionSection One：Listening Comprehension听力原文：Listen to a conversation between a student and his studio art professor.S: Professor Jones, good morning! Could I talk with you for a minute?P: Sure, Marty. What’s up? Is it about the class assignment this week?S: No, no... I’m almost done... really enjoying it.P: I’m glad to hear that.S: So, well, I’ve been talking to some of the other students in our studio art class and we were wondering who to talk to about maybe buying art supplies that are more environmentally safe for the art classes.P: Well, that’d be me. As the chair of the art department, I do have a say in purchasing decisions, but of course all decisions are voted on by the department faculty. You know... we already buy some eco-friendly products, for example, the easels in your painting studio. They’re made of wood from a South American eucalyptus tree. The trees grow really fast and new trees grow from the stumps of trees that have already been harvested. This is a great renewable resource.S: I didn’t know that. That’s fantastic! We are also considering drawing paper and pencils. There are some really cool companies that use recycled paper to make drawing paper and some pencil companies that make greener products out of wood from sustainable forests.P: Well, I can see you’ve done some research. Why don’t you write up a proposal? You can give us a list with the prices of the eco-friendly supplies you’d like the department to consider, and the faculty can compare that to the current cost of supplies at our next meeting.S: Oh, yeah ... I can appreciate that decisions will also be affected by the cost.P: Well, yes...that’s partly true. Of course, we have a budget for supplies and most of that money has been spent for this year, but you know, the university has been allocating additional funds for more eco-friendly practices. It’s part of their new ‘green campus’initiative.S: Yeah, the solar panels were recently installed on the roof of my dorm, and actually I read an article about the initiative in the campus newspaper. There’s a committee... I even heard there’s student representation that help in decision making related to the implementation of the university’s environmentally friendly practices.P: That’s right! The Green Committee and the solar panels you mentioned are just one of the many things they’ve done. So, I don’t know... given the university’s commitment to becoming more environmentally friendly and the fact that the university does receive partial funding from the state government to support this initiative... you never know!S: Ok... urn, when do you want the figures?P: Well, the next meeting of the art department faculty is at the beginning of next month. That gives you about three weeks.S: That should be enough time. We’ll get to work on it right away. Thanks for your help!1．Why does the student go to see the professor?A．To ask whether students can be represented at an upcoming faculty meeting B．To propose changing the kinds of supplies the art department usesC．To discuss an art project inspired by environmental concernsD．To complain about the lack of materials available to art students正确答案：B解析：目的主旨题。
托福听力 TPO听力题目与答案1-37全套汇总(附译文)
托福听力: TPO听力题目与答案1-37全套汇总(附译文)目前托福TPO内容已经更新到37套，很多同学在使用TPO听力内容时不是缺少音频资料就是内容不全，针对大家使用TPO听力内容的诸多不方便，小编特给出一份托福TPO 听力题目与答案1-37全套汇总(附译文)资料，同学们可以拿去好好练习一下，进而也可对比一下与之前内容的不同，所增加的套题与之前的区别。
托福TPO听力题目与答案1-37全套汇总(附译文)内容如下：1.Why does the student go to see the librarian?To sign up for a seminar on using electronic sources for researchTo report that a journal is missing from the reference areaTo find out the procedure for checking out journal articlesTo ask about how to look for resources for a class paper2.What does the librarian say about the availability of journals and articles in the library?They are not easy to find if a professor put them on reserveMost of them are accessible in an electronic formatMost of them can be checked out for three weeksPrinted versions from the past three years are located in the reference section3.What does the librarian suggest the student should do to save time?Choose an easier research topicConcentrate on five journalsRead the summaries of the articles firstInstall a new program on her home computer4.What can be inferred about why the woman decides to use the computer in the library?She thinks she might need additional help from the manShe does not have a computer at homeShe has to hand in her assignment by the end of the dayShe will be meeting a friend in the library later on5.Why does the woman say thisShe had forgotten about the informationShe is surprised she was not aware of the informationShe is annoyed that the information was published only recentlyShe is concerned that the librarian gave her incorrect informationStudentHi, um…, I really hope you can help me.LibrarianThat’s why I’m here. What can I do for you?StudentI’m supposed to do a literature review for my psychology course, but I’m… having a hard time finding articles. I don’t even know where to start looking.LibrarianYou said this is for your psychology course, right? So your focus is on …StudentDream Interpretation.LibrarianWell, you have a focus, so that’s already a good start. Hmmm… well, there’re a few things… oh wait… have you checked to see if your professor put any material for you to look at on reserve?StudentAha, that’s one thing I did know to do. I just copied an article, but I still need three more on my topic from three different journals.LibrarianLet’s get you going on looking for those then. We have printed versions of twenty or so psychology journals in the Reference Section. These are ones published within the last year. Now that I think about it… there’s a journal named Sleep and Dreams.StudentOh, yeah, the article I just copied is from that journal, so I’ve got to look in other sources.正确答案，D。
2019年托福听力复习资料试题及答案
2019年托福听力复习资料试题及答案The economic depression in the late-nineteenth-century United States contributed significantly to a growing movement in literature toward realism and naturalism. After the 1870's, a number of important authors began to reject the romanticism that had prevailed immediately following the Civil War of 1861-1865 and turned instead to realism. Determined to portray life as it was, with fidelity to real life and accurate representation without idealization, they studied local dialects, wrote stories which focused on life in specific regions of the country, and emphasized the "true" relationships between people. In doing so, they reflected broader trends in the society, such as industrialization, evolutionary theory which emphasized the effect of the environment on humans, and the influence of science.Realists such as Joel Chandler Harris and Ellen Glasgow depicted life in the South, Hamlin Garland described life on the Great Plains, and Sarah Orne Jewett wrote about everyday life in rural New England. Another realist, Bret Harte, achieved fame with stories that portrayed local life in the California mining camps.Samuel Clemens, who adopted the pen name Mark Twain, became the country's most outstanding realist author, observing life around him with a humorous and skeptical eye. In his stories and novels, Twain drew on his own experiences and used dialect and common speech instead ofliterary language, touching off a major change in American prose style.Other writers became impatient even with realism. Pushing evolutionary theory to its limits, they wrote of a world in which a cruel and merciless environment determined human fate. These writers, called naturalists, often focused on economic hardship, studying people struggling with poverty, and other aspects of urban and industrial life. Naturalists brought to their writing a passion for direct and honest experience.Theodore Dreiser, the foremost naturalist writer, in novels such as Sister Carrie, grimly portrayed a dark world in which human beings were tossed about by forces beyond their understanding or control. Dreiser thought that writers should tell the truth about human affairs, not fabricate romance, and Sister Carrie, he said, was "not intended as a piece of literary craftsmanship, but was a picture of conditions."1. Which aspect of late-nineteenth-century United States literature does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The influence of science on literature(B) The importance of dialects for realist writers(C) The emergence of realism and naturalism(D) The effects of industrialization on romanticism2. The word "prevailed" in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) dominated。
托福听力tpo50 全套对话讲座原文+题目+答案+译文
托福听力tpo50全套对话讲座原文+题目+答案+译文Section1 (2)Conversation1 (2)原文 (2)题目 (4)答案 (5)译文 (5)Lecture1 (7)原文 (7)题目 (9)答案 (11)译文 (11)Lecture2 (13)原文 (13)题目 (15)答案 (17)译文 (18)Section2 (19)Conversation2 (19)原文 (19)题目 (21)答案 (23)译文 (23)Lecture3 (25)原文 (25)题目 (27)答案 (29)译文 (29)Lecture4 (31)原文 (31)题目 (33)答案 (35)译文 (36)Section1Conversation1原文NARRATOR:Listen to a conversation between a student and a political science professor.MALE STUDENT:I’m not sure if you know,but I was elected to student government this year…FEMALE PROFESSOR:Oh,congratulations!I was in student government myself as an undergraduate.It taught me a lot about the political process.In fact,the experience solved my problem of what to do with my life—it really cemented my interest in becoming a political scientist.MALE STUDENT:Cool.Anyway,um,the reason I came by is,we’re getting ready to conduct a straw poll on campus.You know,hold an informal vote,since the general election’s just a couple months away.We wanna get a feel for the student body’s political leanings.Like,who students are planning to vote for,which political party people identify with,that sorta thing.FEMALE PROFESSOR:Oh sure.I helped students run a straw poll once,years ago.It was a lotta work,mostly because we used paper ballots and stayed up all night counting‘em.But if you use computers.MALE STUDENT:Yeah,we’re creating a Web site for it where students’ll be able to vote online.Um,and we’re looking for a faculty advisor to help,actually.I was hoping you might be rested.FEMALE PROFESSOR:Oh,I’m flattered,John,but my schedule’s so jammed.I’m teaching two seminars,your intro course,finishing up my research…But,uh,what about Professor Klein?She’s new in our department.Plus,she’s a whiz with computers.MALE STUDENT:OK.I’ll ask her.FEMALE PROFESSOR:So,have you decided on a topic for your term paper yet?MALE STUDENT:Not really.FEMALE PROFESSOR:Why not write about your straw poll?Since the paper’s not due till after the election,you could include your results,maybe compare them with the real election results?MALE STUDENT:But would that be enough?I mean,just comparing numbers?FEMALE PROFESSOR:Well,no,you’d need to provide some analysis,too.But I was thinking—there’s a couple of local ballot questions this year,ya know,referenda that voters can either support or not support.MALE STUDENT:Right,there’s one on whether to ban smoking in restaurants,and another one,uh…I think it’s whether to spend tax dollars for a new sports arena in the city.FEMALE PROFESSOR:OK,here’s an idea…In regular elections,the vast majority of voters ignore referenda;they vote for their favorite candidates,but avoid ballot questions.We believe it’s because voters aren’t familiar with the questions or don’t understand them.But actively educating people on ballot questions right before they vote can improve referendum participation rates.MALE STUDENT:In that case,maybe we could have our straw-poll Web site provide information on the ballot questions,like how each proposal would affect students.FEMALE PROFESSOR:Exactly.And when you write your paper,you could compare the students’referendum voting rate to the general public’s,and include your own analysis of the results.Plus there’s plenty of published research on referendum voting behavior.MALE STUDENT:Thanks Professor Miller!I had no idea this straw poll could actually help me in my course work.题目1.Why does the man go to see the professor?A.To suggest an idea for his research projectB.To tell her about his election to student governmentC.To ask for her help on a political projectD.To discuss methods of gathering public opinion2.What is the professor's attitude toward her involvement in student government as an undergraduate?A.She is grateful that the experience helped inspire her career choice.B.She regrets that her involvement took time away from her studies.C.She wishes that she had been more active than she was.D.She is glad that her involvement enabled her to help other students.3.What is the student government's main reason for conducting a straw poll?A.To educate students on the candidates'positionsB.To remind students to vote in the upcoming electionC.To find out how students feel about the local referendaD.To get an idea of students'political preferences4.Why does the professor mention paper ballots?A.To show how a straw poll differs from an actual electionB.To stress the importance of keeping accurate recordsC.To indicate that conducting a poll may present challengesD.To suggest a way to improve communication between the student body and the student government5.Why does the professor discuss voting behavior on referenda?A.To encourage the man to vote on the local referendaB.To help the man develop a focus for his term paperC.To express her skepticism that voting behavior can be changedD.To let the man know about her current research project答案C AD C B译文旁白：请听一段学生和政治学教授之间的对话。
托福真题回顾：2019年4月23日托福机经
托福真题回顾：2019年4月23日托福机经托福真题回顾：2017年4月23日托福机经2017年4月23日托福考试，还是ABCD多套试卷。
并且，加试部分也各不相同，有人是阅读加试(4篇，80分钟)，有人是听力加试(位置不确定)，且是听力新加试。
托福考试越来越像是自助餐，而不是以前的标准配餐。
进了考场，你会遇见什么?你会遇见多少?各不相同。
当然，今天也有个别考生遇见阅读和听力的双加试，并且都是新加试噢。
这是ETS系统在分配加试时出现的bug。
也就是说，有一台电脑被多分配了一个加试，而有一台电脑就一个加试都没有。
你看，考一次托福，命运都各不相同。
当然，这是我们控制不了的变化，我们还是要适合才好。
除此之外，2017年4月23日的考试还是有一些规律，比如，ETS依然大量重复之前考过的老题，尤其是2016年的大陆真题，请看下面。
Transportation and the Roman Empire重复2016.07.02Formation of Earth’s Atmosphere and Oceans重复2016.02.27Tree Rings重复2015.10.25和2015.12.20Characteristics of Tropical Rain Forests重复2016.07.16和2016.11.19如何判断四篇阅读当中哪篇是加试?很简单，只要两个考生有三篇阅读都一样，还有一篇各不相同，那么这篇就是加试。
听力也是同理。
如果判断出哪篇是加试，其实ETS就不会给我们算分。
也就是说，加试全错也没事。
但可惜的是，没有了经典加试，你在考场是判断不了加试。
回顾过去6次考试的时候，我们总结了一些非常重要的规律，小伙伴们一定要注意。
第一、托福的加试既有可能是听力加试，也有可能是阅读加试。
第二、阅读加试和听力加试的几率是一样的第三、极少有人会碰到阅读和听力的双加试，但是近几次考试还总有人会碰到，所以不要掉以轻心。
2019年托福听力考前训练试题及答案4
2019年托福听力考前训练试题及答案4Matching the influx of foreign immigrants into the larger cities of the United States during the late nineteenth century was a domestic migration, from town and farm to city, within the United States. The country had been overwhelmingly rural at the beginning of the century, with less than 5 percent of Americans living in large towns or cities. The proportion of urban population began to grow remarkably after 1840, increasing from 11 percent that year to 28 percent by 1880 and to 46 percent by 1900. A country with only 6 cities boasting a population of more than 8,000 in 1800 had become one with 545 such cities in 1900. Of these, 26 had a population of more than 100,000 including 3 that held more than a million people. Much of the migration producing an urban society came from smaller towns within the United States, but the combination of new immigrants and old American "settlers" on America's "urban frontier" in the late nineteenth century proved extraordinary.The growth of cities and the process of industrialization fed on each other. The agricultural revolution stimulated many in the countryside to seek a new life in the city and made it possible for fewer farmers to feed the large concentrations of people needed to provide a workforce for growing numbers of factories. Cities also provided ready and convenient markets for the products of industry, and huge contracts in transportation and construction — as well as the expanded market in consumer goods — allowed continued growth of the urban sector of the overall economy of the Untied States.Technological developments further stimulated the process of urbanization. One example is the Bessemer converter (an industrial process for manufacturing steel), which provided steel girders for the construction of skyscrapers. The refining of crude oil into kerosene, and later the development of electric lighting as well as of the telephone, brought additional comforts to urban areas that were unavailable to rural Americans and helped attract many of them from the farms into the cities. In every era the lure of the city included a major psychological element for country people： the bustle and social interaction of urban life seemed particularly intriguing to those raised in rural isolation.1. What aspects of the United States in the nineteenth century does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Technological developments(B) The impact of foreign immigrants on cities(C) Standards of living(D) The relationship between industrialization and urbanization2. The word "influx注入，涌入" in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) working(B) processing 调整，加工，处理，冲洗，理赔，工艺设计…(C) arrival(D) attraction3. The paragraph preceding the passage most probably discuss(A) foreign immigration(B) rural life(C) the agricultural revolution(D) famous cities of the twentieth century4. What proportion of population of the United States was urban in 1900?(A) Five percent(B) Eleven percent(C) Twenty-eight percent(D) Forty-six percent5. The word "extraordinary不平常的，特别的" in line 12 is closet in meaning to(A) expensive(B) exceptional(C) supreme(D) necessary6. The phrase "each other" in line 13 refers to(A) foreign immigrants and domestic migrants(B) farms and small towns(C) growth of cities and industrialization(D) industry and transportation7. The word "stimulated" in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) forced(B) prepared(C) limited(D) motivated8. Why does the author mention "electric lighting" and "the telephone" in line 23?(A) They contributed to the agricultural revolution(B) They are examples of the conveniences of city life(C) They were developed by the same individual.(D) They were products of the Bessemer converter.9. The word "them" in line 25 refers to(A) urban areas(B) rural Americans(C) farms(D) cities10. The word "era" in line 25 is closest in meaning to(A) period of time(B) location(C) action(D) unique situation11. The word "intriguing有吸引的" in line 27 is closest in meaning to(A) profitable(B) attractive(C) comfortable(D) challenging答案：DCADB CDBBA B。
4月23日托福阅读真题
4月23日托福阅读真题第一篇：社科类文章先说以前一个master一年只能做十几个表，特别painstaking只有富人才能买得起。
后来有个人叫Elf，他简化了钟表制造的材料，创新了一些设备，行了一系列变革，通过专业化啊水力啊，让表产量变大，又轻，又便宜。
本来特别重，不好运输，他就把弄得更轻了，可以挂住，不用专门做cabinet了。
然后使钟表让中产阶级也买得起，从精细制造变成mass production。
后来他为了peddler就继续发明创造，然后在1816年造出了shelf clock获得专利，但是还是有很多人抄袭模仿，这些模仿也在一定程度上促进了钟表的精细化。
他有个员工叫Jerome，借鉴了上一个老板的经验，然后和Elf一起将钟表变得美观时尚又物廉价美。
第二篇历史类文章在泰国附近出现的一个D文明，语言和Mon语言有联系。
信奉佛教，并且有很多的贸易路线。
因为用的都是这个文字讲了好多什么雕塑啊乱七八糟的，最后说甚至不清楚有没有一个capital，不知道正值也不知道ethic，这个文明出现在6世纪，到了9世纪的时候，有另一批人到达了这里。
第三篇生物类文章考古学家如何区分家养的和野生的动植物，先说有好多方法可以区分，但有的时候很难分，他们的特征可能一样又列举了一堆区分方法，每个都有点问题，后来说一般都运用floated的技术使有机物和别的分离，这样就可以分析植物家养与否。
但是动物没有这么好区分，因为很多特征在家养的和野生的动物身上都可以提现，所以有另外的办法，就是看人类的捕杀数量和对象，在某个时间，人类杀成年的动物数量很多，证明人类那时就有选择性的捕猎，但是这个办法需要好好考虑，因为有很多因素，比如雌雄和动物数量波动很大等三个原因。
还有一个发现就是一些属于XX时代的磨光的石头，然后又说农业的发展让他们建了一堆谷仓啊，容器的来储藏粮食，所以不太可能游牧。
这些都证明了在向驯养的转变，最后一段说不能只根据clay pot来证明驯养的举日本的例子。
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2019年托福真题：4月23日托福听力题目解析 2017年托福真题：4月23日托福听力题目解析
以下是4月23日托福听力部分遇到的考试题目：
lecture
1.animal grooming
2.physical ecology
3.静物绘画
4.历飞机场的建造
5.发展心理学小孩心理发展的四个阶段
6.艺术史中国青铜器
7.earth science
8.黄金比例 1.6
9.物理
10.art history
11.English literature
12.urban planning
13.美索不达米亚地区和埃及两种城市化的对比
14.青蛙叫
15.deer management
16.天文学 the death of star
17.文艺复兴艺术家赞助商客户
conversation
1.女生问一个管理员他们的电影社需要的东西，管理员说他不负责这个，但是能够帮她宣传，然后女生就在说自己的电影社
2.男生去找自己的anthropology教授
3.学生要改善自己的住宿环境
4.学生询问作业的选题
5.honey bees
新托福听力题完整版第一套回忆：
Conversation1-论文-选题-English Literature
学生提到写罗宾汉Robin Hood。
Conversation2-宿舍-改善住宿环境
两个建议：在新造的停车场与宿舍之间种树，改善房屋的保温效果。
Lecture1-物理学-布朗运动(旧题=2016.10.15)
布朗运动和random motion。
科学家希望将布朗运动应用到工业上，但是因为particle运动是很难控制的，然后提到了难以控制的原因，而且说这种原因学生们肯定已经知道了，然后说到使用bacteria 会更好地控制他们向同一个方向运动，而且能够通过控制氧气的浓度来控制bacteria运动的速度。
Lecture2-艺术史-中国青铜器【此篇对于中国学生来说送分】
中国青铜器的鼎盛年代(小黑板：Shang Dynasty Zhou Dynasty)，特点：帝王和贵族使用，用于religious ritual，普通人喝水什么的
用陶器，青铜器比同时期希腊的好得多，上面有复杂的雕饰。
Lecture3-发展心理学-皮亚杰-儿童心理发展四阶段(≈TPO10L4，提到皮亚杰)
总分结构，四阶段：0-2;2-6;6-11;12以上的儿童发展四个阶段，每个阶段有不同的发展的特点。
其中2-6：抽象思维，语言 6-11：能
够理解物质守恒而更小的孩子不行，最后态度：即使有相当多的批评
意见，但是这个研究依然很经典，大家都参考。
Lecture4-生物学-动物grooming(旧题=2016.8.21)
动物groom行为，动物有两种行为，一种是autogrooming, 就是自己给自己舔毛，抓虱子清洁，能够保持卫生; 另一种是allogrooming，这个就高级多了，是互相顺毛，抓虱子，主要还有一
个作用就是能够安抚人心，保证动物群体的稳定性。
举黑猩猩的例子，原来有研究认为groom给这个社群的首领增加dominant，后来就在非
洲做实验，选出三个群体里的alpha male，就是的猩猩，个头分别是large，medium，和small。
据观察，small的黑猩猩头头，经常会实
行allogrooming，因为自己的体积不占优势，而large的黑猩猩则很
少实行allogrooming，因为它够大够强，根本不需要这种安抚人心的
动作。
最后通过这个实验证明large的还是有dominant的很多优势，
如mating等，最后出了态度，证明之前学说是准确的。
新托福听力题完整版第二套内容回忆：
Conversation1-校园场景-俱乐部
女生去学校的接待室要求为他们的俱乐部租一个房间。
并且要boards放置flyers.接待工作人员告诉她boards已经被教授们用了，
需要去对面的楼里面那拿。
然后女生介绍了自己的俱乐部以及告诉他
下周有一个关于艺术家的纪录片，对方表示很有兴趣登记了一些信息。
Conversation2-学术对话
男生找老师，参加了一个去DC的field trip. 但是需要筹钱，所以他准备办一个theatre show, 之前他看过别人用这种方式筹钱，并且在开场的时候一起找myth,和drama的学生合作让drama的学生写script并且演出来。
Lecture1-生物学-盆地
本文主要介绍了盆地，包含河流，雨林以及生态系统。
讲述了里面生物多样性，物种进化等，生物很多但是很多不繁殖。
其中一个例子是有一种虾shrimps它们长的很相似，但是不繁殖。
Lecture2-考古学-驯化动物
本文主要介绍了驯化动物。
文章提到通常情况下驯化动物的骨架比野生动物小，但是为什么这样不得而知。
在一个美国村落，里面的山羊基本都是母羊和小羊那是因为人们打猎的时候比较喜欢公的动物因为体型大，但是家养的话倾向于母性，因为她们能够产奶还能够下崽。
后来又提到另外一个村落里面的动物根据研究可能比之前那个村落驯化动物还要久。
Lecture3-艺术史-黄金比例
本文主要介绍了艺术设计里面的黄金比例，演讲者说黄金比例在数学里面出现，但是艺术设计，绘画建筑里面同样很重要。
它采用黄金分割，黄金比例0.618：1图案里面哪个部分去掉都好看。
最后说黄金分割用在艺术设计里面的宗旨是要高效利用而不是为了好看。
Lecture4-地球科学-氧气
本文先是从当前的环境问题社会问题出发，然后讲很久以前地球上面没有生物也没有氧气。
后来出来了某种bacteria于是出现了各种各样的生物诸如菌类等。